ObesityObesity

HealthHealth

Ms. EngelMs. Engel

What is obesity?What is obesity?

BMI=Body Mass BMI=Body Mass indexindex

Is a measure of body Is a measure of body fat based on fat based on height/weightheight/weight

Calculate BMICalculate BMI Weight/height squared Weight/height squared

(in x in) x 704.5=BMI(in x in) x 704.5=BMI Example: Example:

(125lbs/65x65) x (125lbs/65x65) x 704.5=20.8704.5=20.8

BMIBMI

Interpretation:Interpretation: under 18.5 = underweightunder 18.5 = underweight 18.5-24 = normal weight18.5-24 = normal weight 25-30 = overweight25-30 = overweight over 30 = obeseover 30 = obese

Who is obese?Who is obese?

World-highest rates World-highest rates in North America & in North America & Western EuropeWestern Europe

Diet high in animal Diet high in animal products & products & processed foodsprocessed foods

Wealthy and food Wealthy and food is plentifulis plentiful

Sedentary lifestyleSedentary lifestyle UrbanUrban

Obesity in the USObesity in the US

USA-55% of adults USA-55% of adults overweight & 22% overweight & 22% obese=97 million obese=97 million overweight/obeseoverweight/obese

30 diseases & 30 diseases & disorders disorders associated w/ associated w/ obesityobesity

Straining the Straining the health care systemhealth care system

Obesity by GenderObesity by Gender

% of male and % of male and female about equal female about equal w/ women being w/ women being slightly higherslightly higher

Men are getting Men are getting heavier at a faster heavier at a faster rate than women rate than women thoughthough

Obesity by Age, Race & Education Obesity by Age, Race & Education LevelLevel

AgeAge-most obese=50-59, next 40--most obese=50-59, next 40-49/60-69, next 30-39 & then 18-2949/60-69, next 30-39 & then 18-29 Group that is getting heaviest, Group that is getting heaviest,

fastest=18-29fastest=18-29 RacialRacial groups from most to least groups from most to least

obese=Black, Hispanic, Native Am, obese=Black, Hispanic, Native Am, White then AsianWhite then Asian

EducationEducation=not completed HS highest =not completed HS highest with advanced college degree least with advanced college degree least

Obesity by Geographic AreaObesity by Geographic Area

States w/ highest levels=W. Virginia, States w/ highest levels=W. Virginia, Mississippi, Alabama, Alaska, Mississippi, Alabama, Alaska, Michigan, S. Carolina and FloridaMichigan, S. Carolina and Florida

20% of population obese20% of population obese States w/ lowest=Arizona, Mass, States w/ lowest=Arizona, Mass,

Colorado, Vermont, New Hampshire, Colorado, Vermont, New Hampshire, Montana & New MexicoMontana & New Mexico

Why?Why?

Obese ChildrenObese Children

1 in 5 children 1 in 5 children overweightoverweight

# of overweight # of overweight children ages 6-17 children ages 6-17 doubled in past 3 doubled in past 3 decadesdecades

Patterns of obesity Patterns of obesity for race, gender, for race, gender, geographical area, geographical area, etc.=same for etc.=same for childrenchildren

Health Problems Associated w/ Health Problems Associated w/ ObesityObesity

ArthritisArthritis Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) Impaired Immune ResponseImpaired Immune Response Birth DefectsBirth Defects Impaired Respiratory FunctionImpaired Respiratory Function CancersCancers InfectionsInfections Cardiovascular DiseaseCardiovascular Disease InfertilityInfertility Carpal Tunnel SyndromeCarpal Tunnel Syndrome Liver DiseaseLiver Disease Chronic Venous InsufficiencyChronic Venous Insufficiency Low Back PainLow Back Pain Daytime SleepinessDaytime Sleepiness Obstetric/Gynecological ComplicationsObstetric/Gynecological Complications Deep Vein Thrombosis Deep Vein Thrombosis PainPain End Stage Renal Disease End Stage Renal Disease

Kidneys) Gallbladder DiseaseKidneys) Gallbladder Disease DiabetesDiabetes PancreatitisPancreatitis GoutGout Heat DisordersHeat Disorders Urinary Stress IncontinenceUrinary Stress Incontinence Sleep ApneaSleep Apnea Surgical Complications Surgical Complications StrokeStroke OtherOther

Causes of ObesityCauses of Obesity

Genetics-some Genetics-some populations are populations are predisposed to predisposed to store fatstore fat

Altered diet=fast Altered diet=fast food, microwave, food, microwave, soda, snack foods, soda, snack foods, increase in portionsincrease in portions

Causes cont.Causes cont.

Decrease in Decrease in physical activity=physical activity= Fewer PE classesFewer PE classes Unsafe Unsafe

neighborhoodsneighborhoods Community Community

structurestructure MaterialismMaterialism

Causes cont.Causes cont.

Increase Increase inactivity=inactivity= Sedentary jobsSedentary jobs CarsCars Labor saving Labor saving

devicesdevices Elevators, Elevators,

escalators & escalators & automatic doorsautomatic doors

TV, Nintendo, video TV, Nintendo, video games, DVD, etc…games, DVD, etc…

Treatment for ObesityTreatment for Obesity

Goal settingGoal setting Dietary TherapyDietary Therapy Physical ActivityPhysical Activity Behavior TherapyBehavior Therapy Drug TherapyDrug Therapy Combined TherapyCombined Therapy SurgerySurgery

Prevention for YouPrevention for You Eat 5 or more servings Eat 5 or more servings

of fruits & vegetables of fruits & vegetables a daya day

Drink fewer caloriesDrink fewer calories Limit fast food intakeLimit fast food intake Don’t eat in front of Don’t eat in front of

the TVthe TV Be active in your free Be active in your free

timetime Take the stairsTake the stairs Walk, run, ride your Walk, run, ride your

bike when you canbike when you can

Prevention for Your Family & YouPrevention for Your Family & You

Plan healthy meals Plan healthy meals that you must cookthat you must cook

Eat out less oftenEat out less often Help w/ grocery Help w/ grocery

shopping for natural, shopping for natural, unprocessed foodsunprocessed foods

Turn off the TV-play Turn off the TV-play games, go for a walkgames, go for a walk

Be activeBe active

Prevention at SchoolPrevention at School

Take a PE classTake a PE class Don’t drink sodaDon’t drink soda Pack healthy Pack healthy

lunches & snackslunches & snacks Join a sports teamJoin a sports team Walk, ride your Walk, ride your

bike to schoolbike to school

In Your Community and CountryIn Your Community and Country

Walk whenever you Walk whenever you cancan

Make healthy Make healthy choiceschoices

Vote for officials Vote for officials that encourage the that encourage the development of development of parks, education, parks, education, health care, etc…health care, etc…

Obesity DiscriminationObesity Discrimination

Obese people:Obese people: Have a lower marriage Have a lower marriage

rate Are hired for jobs rate Are hired for jobs less often… less often…

Are promoted in their Are promoted in their jobs less often…jobs less often…

Are admitted to college Are admitted to college at a lower rate…at a lower rate…

Have fewer childhood Have fewer childhood playmates…playmates…

……than normal weight than normal weight peoplepeople