Chapter 4 Personality and Values

MULTIPLE CHOICEPersonality1.Which of the following statements about personality is correct?

a. Personality is always stable.

b. Personality is a part of a person.

c. Personality is an aggregate whole.

d. Personality is for the most part comprised of traits that cannot be measured.

e. Personality is the primary source of emotions in most people.

(c; Easy; Personality; p. 105)2.Which of the following statements about the determinants of personality is true?

a.Personality appears to have no determinants.

b.Personality appears to be a result of external factors.

c.Personality appears to be a result of mainly environmental factors.

d.Personality appears to be a result of mainly hereditary factors.

e.Personality appears to be a result of both hereditary and environmental factors.

(e; Easy; Personality Determinants; p. 105)

3.If personality characteristics were completely dictated by _____, they would be fixed at birth and no amount of experience could alter them.

a. job satisfaction

b. heredity

c. environment

d. situations

e. religion

(b; Easy; Personality; p. 106)

4. All of the following are classifications on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator except _____.

a.extroverted/introverted

b.sensing/intuitive

c.perceiving/judging

d.independent/dependent

e.thinking/feeling

(d; Easy; Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Classifications; pp. 107-108) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

5.What does the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classification of E or I stand for?

a.extroverted/intuitive

b.emotional/introverted

c.extroverted/introverted

d.emotional/intuitive

e.sane/reflective

(c; Easy; Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Classifications; p. 107) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}6.What does the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classification of S or N stand for?

a.sensing/intuitive

b.sensing/thinking

c.emotional stability/intuitive

d.emotional stability/thinking

e.sane/reflective

(c; Easy; Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Classifications; p. 107) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}7.How would someone who is described as an ESTJ on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator best be described?

a.as a visionary

b.as a conceptualizer

c.as an innovator

d.as an organizer

e.as a leader

(d; Moderate; Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Classifications; p. 108) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

8.You wish to hire a person who is innovative, individualistic, versatile, and entrepreneurial. Candidates for this position would ideally have what classification on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator?

a. INTJs

b. ESTJs

c. ENTPs

d. ISFPs

e. ESTPs

(c; Moderate; Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Classifications; p. 108) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

9.A book that profiled 13 contemporary businesspeople who created supersuccessful firms including Apple Computer, FedEx, Honda Motors, Microsoft, and Sony found that all 13 were what type of thinkers?

a.perceiving

b.sensing

c.intuitive

d.conscientious

e.feeling

(c; Moderate; Myers-Briggs Type Indicator; p. 108)

10.What is the major problem with the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator as a measure of personality?

a.It is very difficult to administer.

b.It forces a person to be categorized as either one type or another.

c.It does not include enough dimensions to differentiate all the variety of human personality.

d.It tends to overemphasize intuitive personality traits over analytical personality traits.

e.It is very difficult to accurately interpret.

(b; Moderate; Myers-Briggs Type Indicator; p. 108) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

11.Which of the following is not included in the Big Five model?

a. agreeableness

b. conscientiousness

c. intuitiveness

d. emotional stability

e. extraversion

(c; Easy; Big Five Personality Model; pp. 108-109) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}12.Which dimension of the Big Five model refers to an individuals propensity to defer to others?

a. conscientiousness

b. agreeableness

c. extraversion

d. feeling

e. emotional stability

(b; Moderate; Agreeableness; p. 108) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

13.Which dimension of the Big Five model is a measure of reliability?

a. extraversion

b. agreeableness

c. conscientiousness

d. feeling

e. emotional stability

(c; Moderate; Conscientiousness; p. 108) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

14.A high score in which dimension of the Big Five model predicts good job performance for all occupational groups?

a.extraversion

b.agreeableness

c.conscientiousness

d.emotional stability

e.openness to experience

(c; Moderate; Big Five Traits; p. 109)15.What is the term used for the degree to which people like or dislike themselves?

a. core self-evaluation

b. authoritarianism

c. locus of control

d. Machiavellianism

e. efficacy

(a; Easy; Core Self-Evaluation; p. 111)

16.Which of the following statements about people with positive core self-evaluations is true?

a. They set goals which are easily obtainable.

b.They do not attribute positive outcomes to their own actions.

c.They are overconfident.

d.They take responsibility less frequently.

e.They tend to obtain more complex and challenging jobs.

(e; Moderate; Core Self-Evaluation; p. 111)

17.What personality characteristic centers on whether a person is unemotional and pragmatic and believes that ends can justify means?

a.authoritarianism

b.Machiavellianism

c.Type A personality

d.risk-taking

e.Narcissism

(b; Easy; Machiavellianism; p. 112) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

18.Which of the following would be the statement most likely made by an individual high in Machiavellianism?

a. It does not matter so much whether I am right or wrong, as long as I am the center of attention.

b. I do what I think needs to be done. I dont need someone else to tell me what is right.

c. Ill do whatever I have to do to get ahead.

d. Ill put it all on the line if I have to; youve got to play big to win big.

e. I move fast; if you get in my way Ill run you down.

(c; Challenging; Machiavellianism; p. 112) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

19.A high Mach would be most suited for which of the following positions?

a. a manager who leads a team of geographically distant consultants

b. a human resources manager who ensures staff firings do not place the company in legal jeopardy

c. an ombudsman who investigates consumer complaints and mediates their outcome

d. an auditor who checks that all company accounts are kept properly

e. a real estate broker negotiating in the lease of large amounts of office space

(e; Moderate; Machiavellianism; p. 112) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

20.During an annual review Mitchel made the following assertion: When I look at myself and my performance I see that what I have achieved is outstanding and has, not surprisingly, won me the admiration and envy of most of my colleagues. I notice that everyone keeps talking about me; they are all just waiting to find out what triumph I will pull off next! In short, I dont just deserve a raise, but need one, since without me, lets face it, the place would simply fall apart. Which of the following is probably the best descriptor of Mitchels personality?

a.Type A

b.external locus of control

c.high-self monitoring

d.narcissistic

e.high Mach

(d; Moderate; Narcissism; p. 112) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

21. How would you describe an individual who is capable of presenting striking contradictions between who they are in public and who they are privately?

a.low Mach

b.high Mach

c.low self-monitoring

d.high self-monitoring

e.narcissistic

(d; Moderate; Self-Monitoring; p. 113)

22. Which of the following statements about low self-monitors is true?

a.They have a low behavioral consistency between who they are and what they do.

b.They tend to rate their performance much more highly than do outside observers.

c.They tend to pay less attention to the behavior of others than high self-monitors.

d.They usually receive high performance ratings.

e.They tend to thrive in areas that require them to take risks.

(c; Moderate; Self-Monitoring; p. 113)23.High self-monitors will most likely be well-suited to which of following positions?

a.one that requires them to play multiple roles

b.one that requires them not to yield to outside pressure

c.one that requires them to operate independently for long periods of time

d.one that requires them to take risks

e.one that requires a great deal of creativity

(a; Moderate; Self-Monitoring; p. 113) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

24. Which of the following has the highest intrinsic risk-taking propensity?

a.an accountant performing auditing activities

b.a stock trader in a brokerage firm

c.a computer technologist

d.a marketing representative

e.a school crossing guard

(b; Easy; Risk-Taking; p. 114) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

25.What term is used to describe the personality of an individual who is aggressively involved in an incessant struggle to achieve more and more in less and less time?

a.Type A personality

b.Type B personality

c.proactive personality

d.narcissistic personality

e.high Mach personality

(a; Easy; Type A Personality; p. 114)

26.Which of the following is true of people with a Type A personality?

a.They tend to be more successful than people with a Type B personality.

b.They play for fun and relaxation.

c.They measure their success in terms of how much of everything they acquire.

d.They generally feel little need to discuss their achievements.

e.They are generally content with their place in the world.

(c; Moderate; Type A Personality; p. 114)

27.Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Type B personality?

a. A Type B does not suffer from a sense of time urgency, with its accompanying impatience.

b. A Type B plays for fun and relaxation.

c. A Type B strives to think or do two or more things at once.

d. A Type B can relax without guilt.

e. A Type B does not need to discuss their achievements.

(c; Moderate; Type B Personality; p. 114) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

28.People with which type of personality trait commonly make poor decisions because they make them too fast?

a. High self-esteem

b. Type As

c. Type Bs

d. Self-monitors

e. Extroverts

(b; Easy; Type A Personality; p. 114) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

29.Which of the following terms best describes people who show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs?

a.Type A

b.high self esteem

c.proactive personalities

d.high conscientiousness

e.high Mach

(c; Moderate; Proactive Personality; p. 115)

30.Which of the following personality traits is most likely to help achieve career success?

a.proactive

b.high S.E

c.Type A

d.extrovert

e.agreeable

(a; Moderate; Proactive Personality; p. 115)31.Which of the following terms describes basic convictions that a specific mode of conduct or end state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite mode of conduct?

a. values

b. attitudes

c. convictions

d. preferences

e. affectual preferences

(a; Easy; Values; p. 116)

32.What does the content attribute of a value state?

a.that the value is complete

b.that the value is important

c.that the value is strongly or weakly held

d.the behavior associated with that value

e.that the value is not transient

(b; Moderate; Value Attributes; p. 116)

33.When we rank an individuals values in order of their _____, we obtain the persons value system.

a.intensity

b.content

c.context

d.social acceptance

e.social needs

(a; Moderate; Value System; p. 116)

34. Which of the following statements about values is true?

a.Values are flexible.

b.Values are synonymous with attitudes.

c.Values tend to be consistent among occupational groups.

d.Values are fairly stable over time.

e.Values change easily when they are called into question.

(d; Moderate; Values; p. 117)

35.Values are important to organizational behavior because they _____.

a.allow the study of alignment of organizational policies

b.lay the foundation for the understanding of attitudes and motivation

c.form the supporting foundation for the study of ethics

d.are an integral part of culture

e. encourage ethical behavior

(b; Moderate; Importance of Values; p. 117)

36.What is the difference between terminal and instrumental values, as proposed by Rokeach?

a.Terminal values are the goals that a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime, while the instrumental values are the preferable modes of behavior in achieving these values.

b.Instrumental values are the goals that a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime, while terminal values are the preferable modes of behavior in achieving theses values.

c.Terminal values are the highest values in a persons value system, while instrumental values are the ones that are most often used.

d.Instrumental values are the values that are used in day to day life, terminal values are those that come into play at times of great stress.

e.Terminal values are the values shared by the group as a whole, instrumental values are the values that differ within a group and give rise to conflict.

(a; Moderate; Rokeach Value Survey; p. 117) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

37. Which of the following values would be most likely to be considered a terminal value by Rokeach?

a.ambition

b.broad-mindedness

c.helpfulness

d.a sense of accomplishment

e.self-control

(d; Moderate; Rokeach Value Survey; p. 118) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

38. Which of the following terminal values was ranked as the most important by executives?

a.family security

b.self-respect

c.equality

d.freedom

e.social security

(b; Moderate; Rokeach Value Survey Values; p. 118) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

39. What is the term used to describe workers who entered the workforce in the 1950s and early 1960s?

a.Boomers

b.Nexters

c.Xers

d.Veterans

e.Millennials

(d; Moderate; Veterans; p. 119)

40.What cohort of workers in the U.S. is most loyal to their careers?

a.Veterans

b.Boomers

c.Nexters

d.Xers

e.Millennials

(a; Moderate; Veterans; p. 119)

41.What term is used for those who entered the U.S. work force from the mid-1960s through the mid-1980s?

a.Veterans

b.Boomers

c.Nexters

d.Xers

e.Traditionalists

(b; Moderate; Boomers; p. 119)

42. Which category of dominant work values is most likely to characterize a 55-year-old employee in the U.S.?

a.hard working, conservative, conforming, and loyal to the organization

b.team-orientated, honest, self-reliant, and loyal to relationships.

c.material success, achievement, distrust of authority, and loyal to career

d.work/life balance, team-oriented, dislike of rules, and loyal to relationships

e.confident, financial success, self-reliant but team-oriented, and loyal to both self and relationships

(c; Challenging; Boomers; p. 119) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

43. What is the term used to describe those members of the population whose lives have been shaped by globalization, MTV, AIDS, and computers and who value flexibility, life options, and the achievement of job satisfaction?

a.Veterans

b.Boomers

c.Nexters

d.Xers

e.Hexers

(d; Easy; Xers; p. 120)

44. In the U.S., employees in what age group are most likely to leave a job in mid-career to pursue another that provides more leisure time?

a.20s

b.30s

c.40s

d.50s

e.60s

(b; Moderate; Xers; pp. 119-120)

45. More than other generations, ________ tend to be questioning, socially conscious, and entrepreneurial.

a.Boomers

b. Nexters

c. Traditionalists

d. Veterans

e.Xers

(b; Easy; Nexters; p. 120)

46.The most recent entrants to the U.S. workforce are _____.

a.Veterans

b.Boomers

c.Nexters

d.Xers

e.Traditionalists

(c; Easy; Nexters; p. 120)

47.What cohort of workers in the U.S. is most likely to balk at having to work extensive overtime and weekends?

a.Veterans

b.Boomers

c.Nexters

d.Xers

e.Traditionalists

(d; Moderate; Xers; p. 120) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

Linking an Individuals Personality and Values to the Workplace

48.Hollands theory of personality-job fit argues that job satisfaction is highest and turnover lowest where _____.

a.personality and occupation are in agreement

b.an individual is highly motivated

c.salary is high

d.felt emotions are displayed

e.compensation is high

(a; Easy; Personality-Job Fit Theory; p. 122)

49._____ developed a Vocational Preference Inventory questionnaire that contains 160 occupational titles.

a. Maslow

b. Holland

c. Hofstede

d. Herzberg

e. Surber

(b; Easy; Personality-Job Fit Theory; p. 122)

50.Each of the six personality types developed in Hollands personality-job fit theory has a ________.

a.supplemental personality style

b.congruent personality style

c.congruent occupational environment

d.supplemental occupational environment

e.supplemental skill set

(c; Challenging; Personality-Job Fit Theory; p. 122)

51. The realistic personality from Hollands typology of personality and congruent occupations would be well suited for which of the following jobs?

a.painter

b.accountant

c.mechanic

d.lawyer

e.biologist

(c; Moderate; Personality-Job Fit Theory; p. 122)

52.You are seeking to fill the position of corporate accountant, and have administered Hollands Vocational Preference Inventory questionnaire to all candidates. You would suspect that the questionnaire would indicate that the best candidates for the position would have which of the following personality types?

a. conventional

b. realistic

c. enterprising

d. investigative

e. social

(a; Moderate; Personality-Job Fit Theory; p. 122)

53. The enterprising personality from Hollands typology of personality and congruent occupations would exhibit which of the following personality characteristics?

a.imaginative, disorderly, idealistic

b.shy, genuine, persistent

c.sociable, friendly, cooperative

d.self-confident, ambitious, energetic

e.conforming, efficient, practical,

(d; Moderate; Personality-Job Fit Theory; p. 122) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

54.What are consequences of a good fit between person and occupation?

a.a low level of stress

b.a high level of accomplishment

c.high satisfaction and low turnover

d.maximum performance and efficiency

e.a high rate of turnover

(c; Easy; Person-Organization Fit; p. 122)55. Which of the following researchers produced a comprehensive analysis of variation among cultures?

a.Maslow

b.Hofstede

c.Festinger

d.Skinner

e.Freud

(b; Moderate; Hofstedes Framework for Assessing Cultures; p. 124)

56. Which of the following is not one of Hofstedes five dimensions of national culture?

a.power distance

b.flexibility versus rigidity

c.individualism versus collectivism

d.long-term versus short-term orientation

e.uncertainty avoidance

(b; Moderate; Hofstedes Framework for Assessing Cultures; p. 124) {AACSB: Analytic Skills} {AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity}

57. What is the measure of the extent to which people in a country accept the fact that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally?

a.caste acceptance

b.collectivism

c.power distance

d.masculinity

e.rigidity

(c; Moderate; Power Distance; p. 124) {AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity}

58.Which of the following is most likely to be a country with high power distance?

a.an individualist country like Australia

b.a long term oriented country like Japan

c.an uncertainty avoiding country like Uruguay

d.a collectivist country like Guatemala

e.a masculine country like Greece

(d; Challenging; Power Distance; p. 124) {AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity}

59.Which of Hofstedes dimensions is the degree to which people in a country prefer structured to unstructured situations?

a. collectivism

b. power distance

c. long-term orientation

d. uncertainty avoidance

e. idiocentricity

(d; Easy; Uncertainty Avoidance; p. 124) {AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity}

60.Which of the following is not one of the cultural dimensions identified by the GLOBE team?

a. assertiveness

b. future orientation

c. humane orientation

d. age differentiation

e. power distance

(d; Moderate; The GLOBE Framework for Assessing Cultures; p. 125) {AACSB: Analytic Skills} {AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity}

61.Which of the following cultural dimensions identified by GLOBE does not have an equivalent in Hofstede?

a. future orientation

b. power distance

c. performance orientation

d. individualism/collectivism

e. gender differentiation

(c; Moderate; The GLOBE Framework for Assessing Cultures p. 125) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

TRUE/FALSE

Personality62.All of our behavior is shaped by our personalities.

(True; Easy; Personality; p. 104)

63. Personality looks at the parts of the person rather than the aggregate whole.

(False; Easy; Personality; p. 105)

64. Personality is part of the way in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others.

(False; Easy; Personality; p. 105)

65. An adults personality is proven to be made up of both hereditary and situational factors, moderated by environmental conditions.

(False; Moderate; Personality Determinants; p. 105)

66.If personality characteristics were completely dictated by heredity, they would be fixed at birth and no amount of experience could alter them.

(True; Moderate; Personality Determinants; p. 106)

67.Studies of adults lend strong support to the power of heredity in determining personality.

(False; Moderate; Personality Determinants; p. 106)

68.Researchers have found that genetics accounts for about 50 percent of the personality differences and more than 40 percent of the variation in occupational and leisure interests in studies of identical twins.

(False; Challenging; Personality Determinants; p. 106)

69. A trait can be described as a characteristic or behavior that is sometimes exhibited in a few situations.

(False; Moderate; Personality Determinants; p. 107)

70. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a 100-question personality test that types four characteristics into sixteen personality types.

(True; Easy; Myers-Briggs Type Indicator; p. 107)

71.In the Myers-Briggs typology, S stands for sensible.

(False; Easy; Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Classifications; p. 107)

72.In the Myers-Briggs typology, N stands for intuitive.

(True; Moderate; Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Classifications; p. 107)

73.In the Myers-Briggs typology, P stands for preparedness.

(False; Moderate; Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Classifications; p. 108)

74. If you were looking for an employee who was an organizer, you would probably choose one whose type is INFP.

(False; Moderate; Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Classifications; p. 108)

75. A recent study of contemporary businesspeople who created extremely successful firms found that all of these individuals were NTs.

(True; Challenging; Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Classifications; p. 108)

76.A substantial body of research supports the MBTI as a valid measure of personality.

(False; Easy; Myers-Briggs Type Indicator; p. 108)

77. An impressive body of research supports that five basic personality dimensions underlie all others.

(True; Moderate; Big Five Personality Model; p. 108)

78.The Big Five Model factor termed extraversion is probably a good predictor of job performance in most professions.

(False; Challenging; Big Five Personality Model; p. 108)

79.Conscientiousness refers to an individuals propensity to defer to others.

(False; Moderate; Big Five Personality Model; p. 108)

80. Janet keeps emotional distance from her coworkers and believes that the ends can justify the means. Janet would rate high in Machiavellianism.

(True; Moderate; Machiavellianism; p. 112)

81. Studies show that while narcissists thought they were better leaders than their colleagues, their supervisors actually rated them as worse leaders.

(True; Moderate; Narcissism; p. 112)

82.Self-monitoring refers to an individuals ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors.

(True; Easy; Self-Monitoring; p. 113)

83. High self-monitors tend to pay less attention to the behavior of other people than do low self monitors.

(False; Moderate; Self-Monitoring; p. 113)

84. Low self-monitors show high behavioral consistency.

(True; Moderate; Self-Monitoring; p. 113)

85.Low risk-takers make more rapid decisions.

(False; Moderate; Risk-Taking; p. 114)

86. Evidence demonstrates that decision accuracy is the same for high and low risk-taking managers.

(True; Moderate; Risk-Taking; p. 114)

87.People with Type A personalities are rarely concerned with time.

(False; Easy; Type A Personality; p. 114)

88. Individuals with Type B personalities exhibit characteristics highly prized by the North American culture.

(False; Moderate; Type A and Type B Personalities; p. 114)

89. Zack is always moving and is impatient. He prefers work to leisure and seems obsessed with numbers. Zack probably has a Type B personality.

(False; Easy; Type A and Type B Personalities; p. 114)

90.People with Type A personalities tend to be creative.

(False; Moderate; Type A Personality; p. 114)

91.The content attribute of a value says that a mode of conduct is important.

(True; Easy; Value Attributes; p. 116)

92.When we rank an individuals values in terms of the intensity of those values, we obtain that persons value system.

(True; Moderate; Value System; p. 116)

93.Values tend to be stable and enduring.

(True; Easy; Values; p. 117)

94.Values generally influence attitudes and behavior.

(True; Moderate; Importance of Values; p. 117)

95.Instrumental values are preferable modes of behavior, or means of achieving ones terminal values.

(True; Moderate; Instrumental Values; p. 117)

96.Milton Rokeach developed a survey that assesses terminal and instrumental values.

(True; Moderate; Rokeach Value Survey; p. 117)

97.RVS values are fairly stable and consistent among groups.

(False; Easy; Rokeach Value Survey Values; p. 118)

98.The loyalty of Veterans is to their employers.

(True; Moderate; Veterans; p. 119)

99.Boomers place a great deal of emphasis on achievement and material success.

(True; Moderate; Boomers; p. 119)

100.Veterans tend to be more loyal to their country and less loyal to their employer.

(False; Moderate; Generational Values; p. 119)

101.The lives of Xers have been shaped by war, womens lib, AIDS, and computers.

(False; Moderate; Generational Values; pp. 119-120)

102.Terminal values such as a sense of accomplishment and social recognition rank high with Nexters.

(False; Moderate; Generational Values; p. 120)

Linking an Individuals Personality and Values to the Workplace

103. Individuals with Hollands investigative personality are well suited for careers as small business managers.

(False; Moderate; Personality-Job Fit Theory; p. 122)

104.Hollands conventional personality, placed in the position of a cost accountant, is likely to be dissatisfied and quit.

(False; Moderate; Personality-Job Fit Theory; p. 122)

105.The five personality factors identified in the Big Five Model appear in almost all cross-cultural studies.

(True; Moderate; Big Five Personality Model; p. 123) {AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity}

106.Each culture has a common personality type.

(False; Moderate; Personality; p. 123) {AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity}

107.Geert Hofstede produced a very widely referenced approach for analyzing variations among cultures.

(True; Moderate; Hofstedes Framework for Assessing Cultures; p. 124) {AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity}

108.Collectivism refers to a cultural attribute describing a loosely knit social framework in which people tend to the interests of their immediate family.

(False; Moderate; Individualism Versus Collectivism; p. 124) {AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity}

109.It is consistent for a country with a democratic government to rank below average on power distance.

(True; Moderate; Power Distance; p. 124) {AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity}110.Organizations in a society high in uncertainty avoidance are likely to have more rules.

(True; Challenging; Uncertainty Avoidance; p. 124) {AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity}

111.U.S. culture ranked above average on power distance according to Hofstede.

(False; Moderate; Hofstedes Framework for Assessing Cultures; p. 124) {AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity}

112.The GLOBE research program is an ongoing cross-cultural investigation of leadership and national culture.

(True; Easy; The GLOBE Framework for Assessing Cultures; p. 125) {AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity}

113.GLOBEs future orientation dimension is essentially equivalent to Hofstedes long-term/short-term orientation.

(True; Moderate; Frameworks for Assessing Cultures p. 125)

114.The GLOBE dimensions have replaced Hofstedes dimensions.

(False; Easy; Frameworks for Assessing Cultures p. 125)

SCENARIO-BASED QUESTIONSApplication of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

You are assembling a team to work on a long-term project which requires creativity, stamina, and farsightedness. The only piece of information available to you is the Myers-Briggs Type of each of the applicants. These results are shown below:

CandidateAlanBrendaCameronDrusillaEllen

Myers Briggs TypeINTJESTJENTPESFPINFP

115.You need to choose a lead person for the team. This person must be a visionary; combining an original mind with great drive. Who would be the best candidate based on their Myers Briggs Type?

a.Alan

b.Brenda

c.Cameron

d.Drusilla

e.Ellen

(a; Challenging; Myers-Briggs Type Indicator; p. 108) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}116.You are looking for an organizer, a person on whom you can depend to be practical and realistic. Who would be the best candidate based on their Myers Briggs Type?

a.Alan

b.Brenda

c.Cameron

d.Drusilla

e.Ellen

(b; Challenging; Myers-Briggs Type Indicator; p. 108) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}117.You need a person who is innovative, individualistic, and versatile and is attracted to entrepreneurial ideas. Who would be the best candidate based on their Myers Briggs Type?

a.Alan

b.Brenda

c.Cameron

d.Drusilla

e.Ellen

(c; Challenging; Myers-Briggs Type Indicator; p. 108) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

Application of the Big Five Model

You are the manager of a small boutique. You have decided to apply the Big Five Model in order to understand your employees and their work habits because it is generally supported by an impressive body of research. You want to use the five dimensions of personality to match individuals with jobs to which they are well-suited.

118.Michelle Jackson, one of your newest employees, is an extravert. Which of the following statements is least likely to be true?

a.Michelle will probably attend the company picnic.

b.Michelle will probably have a large number of relationships.

c.Michelle will be friendly and outgoing.

d.Michelle will perform well on specialized, detail-oriented tasks.

e.Michelle will be suited to a managerial or sales position.

(d; Moderate; Big Five Personality Model; p. 108) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

119.You know that your customers are demanding and sometimes difficult. Which personality dimension taps a persons ability to withstand stress?

a.extraversion

b.judging

c.conscientiousness

d.emotional stability

e.intellect

(d; Moderate; Big Five Personality Model; p. 109) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

120.Jane Simpson rates low on conscientiousness. This would this lead you to suspect that which of the following statements is most likely to be true about Jane?

a.She will be easily distracted.

b.She will find comfort in the familiar.

c.She will be nervous, depressed, and insecure.

d.She will be comfortable with solitude.

e.She will be very dim-witted.

(a; Challenging; Conscientiousness; p. 109) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

121.You wish to predict how strong organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is in each of your employees. Which of the five facets of personality will probably be of the most interest in this case?

a.extraversion

b.agreeableness

c.conscientiousness

d.emotional stability

e.intellect

(c; Challenging; Conscientiousness; pp. 109-111) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

Application of Other Personality Traits Relevant to OB

Mary Wood is a new manager. She recognizes that personality attributes can help to explain and predict employee behavior.

122.Mary has an opening for a position requiring a lot of face to face interaction with others. She should identify the employee with a(an) ______ for a good fit.

a. high self-monitoring tendency

b. low self-monitoring tendency

c. internal locus of control

d. external locus of control

e. high SE

(a; Challenging; Self-Monitoring; p. 113) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

Application of Generational Values

You have just been promoted to manage a sales group. Your group is made up of ten people who range in age from 23 to 62. You have read that there are certain dominant work values for each age group and think that this may help you understand your group.

123. As you work with Tom, who is 23 years old, you are likely to find that he _____.

a.desires financial success

b.prefers leisure time

c.sees the company merely as a vehicle for his career

d.highly values security

e.none of the above

(a; Moderate; Nexters; pp. 119-120) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

124.Amy is 50 years old. You are not surprised to find that she _____.

a.desires financial success

b.prefers leisure time

c.sees the company merely as a vehicle for her career

d.highly values security

e.none of the above

(c; Moderate; Boomers; p. 119) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

125.You find that Jerry, who is 30 years old, is not typical for his age group because he _____.

a.is very loyal to the company

b.puts a great deal of emphasis on security

c.values financial success over leisure time

d.all the above

e.none of the above

(d; Moderate; Xers; pp. 119-120) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

126.Andrew is now 65 years old. You are not surprised to find that he _____.

a.places a great deal of importance on family security

b.trades off salary increases for increased leisure time

c.seeks meaning in his work

d.tends to emphasize the terminal value of freedom

e.strives to secure a solid grip on retirement benefits

(a; Moderate; Veterans; p. 119) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

Application of Person-Job Fit TheoryYou have decided to use Hollands Typology of Personality and Congruent Occupations to help your friends who are college seniors recognize which jobs they would be well-suited for. Monica is shy, stable, and persistent. Neil is ambitious and energetic and likes to dominate conversations. Jessica is idealistic, impractical, and very imaginative. Walter is efficient and practical, but he lacks imagination and tends to be inflexible. Chris is an original thinker, with an analytical and independent intelligence.

127.Monica is majoring in interior design. Her personality type is realistic according to Hollands Typology. Which of the following statements is correct?

a.Monicas personality type is well-suited to her major.

b.Monica is better suited to be a bank teller.

c.Interior design is incongruent with her personality type.

d.Interior design is congruent with a social personality type.

e.Monica prefers physical to mental activities.

(c; Moderate; Personality-Job Fit Theory; p. 122) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}128.Which of your friends is best suited to being an accountant?

a.Walter

b.Neil

c.Jessica

d.Monica

e.Chris

(a; Moderate; Personality-Job Fit Theory; p. 122) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

129.Which of your friends is most likely to find a successful career as a writer?

a.Walter

b.Neil

c.Jessica

d.Monica

e.Chris

(c; Moderate; Personality-Job Fit Theory; p. 122) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

130.Who might be well-suited to being a lawyer?

a.Walter

b.Neil

c.Jessica

d.Monica

e.Chris

(b; Moderate; Personality-Job Fit Theory; p. 122) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

Applications of Hofstedes Framework

Suppose that you are a Human Resource Manager for Prentice Corporation. You are in charge of developing a training program for managers coming to the United States from your subsidiaries around the world. You have decided to use the Hofstede Framework for discussing cultural differences that they might expect to find. Use your knowledge of the work of Hofstede to answer the following questions.

131.Your Indonesian managers will need to be especially aware of the difference that exists

between their country and the United States in the degree of _____ of the two cultures.

a.life quality

b.individualism

c.power distance

d.uncertainty avoidance

e.self-esteem

(c; Challenging; Power Distance; p. 124) {AACSB: Analytic Skills} {AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity}

SHORT DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

132.Discuss the Big Five model of personality.

The five-factor model of personality is typically called the Big Five. An impressive body of research supports its thesis that five basic dimensions underlie all others and encompass most of the significant variation in human personality. Research on the Big Five has found relationships between these personality dimensions and job performance. (Easy; Big Five Personality Model; pp. 108-109) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

133.Identify and briefly describe the five key traits in the Big Five personality model.

The five key traits in the Big Five personality model are extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience.

a) Extroversion captures ones comfort level with relationships.

b) Agreeableness refers to an individuals propensity to defer to others.

c) Conscientiousness is a measure of reliability.

d) Emotional stability taps a persons ability to withstand stress.

e) Openness to experience addresses ones range of interests and fascination with novelty.

(Easy; Big Five Personality Model; pp. 108-109) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

134.Briefly describe the Type B personality.

Type Bs are rarely harried by the desire to obtain a wildly increasing number of things or participate in an endless growing series of events in an ever-decreasing amount of time. Type Bs never suffer from a sense of time urgency with its accompanying impatience, can relax without guilt, and so on. (Easy; Type B Personality; p. 114) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}135.Discuss the importance of values.

Values are important to the study of organizational behavior because they lay the foundation for the understanding of attitudes and motivation and because they influence our perceptions. Individuals enter an organization with preconceived notions of what ought and what ought not to be. These notions are not value-free. They contain interpretations of right and wrong. Values cloud objectivity and rationality. Values generally influence attitudes and behavior. (Easy; Importance of Values; p. 117) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}136.Discuss the Rokeach Value Survey. Include definitions and discussion of terminal values and instrumental values.

Milton Rokeach created the Rokeach Value Survey (RVS). The RVS consists of two sets of values, with each set containing 18 individual value items.

a) One set, called terminal values, refers to desirable end-states of existence. These are goals that a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime.

b) The other set, called instrumental values, refers to preferable modes of behavior, or means of achieving the terminal values. (Moderate; Rokeach Value Survey; p. 117) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

MEDIUM LENGTH DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

137.What is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and how might it be used by managers?

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is one of the most widely used personality frameworks. It is essentially a 100-question personality test that asks people how they usually feel or act in particular situations. On the basis of the answers individuals give to the test, they are classified as extroverted or introverted (E or I), sensing or intuitive (S or N), thinking or feeling (T or F), and perceiving or judging (P or J). These classifications are then combined into sixteen personality types. The MBTI has a place in training and development, since it can help employees to better understand themselves. It can also provide aid to teams by helping members better understand each other. (Easy; Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Classifications; pp. 107-108) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

138.Name and describe the value dimensions of culture identified by Hofstede.

a) Power distance is the degree to which people accept that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally.

b) Individualism/collectivism is the degree to which people prefer to act as individuals or as members of a group.

c) Achievement/nurturing is the degree to which values such as assertiveness, the acquisition of money and material goods and competition prevail versus the degree to which people value relationships, and show sensitivity and concern for the welfare of others.

d) Uncertainty avoidance is the degree to which people prefer structured over unstructured situations.

e) Long-term/short-term orientation is the degree to which people look to the future or to the past and present. The latter emphasizes respect for tradition and fulfilling social obligations.

(Moderate; Hofstedes Framework for Assessing Cultures; p. 124) {AACSB: Analytic Skills} {AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity}

139.Compare Hofstedes cultural dimensions with the GLOBE framework.

The Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness research program identified nine dimensions on which national cultures differ. Assertiveness is essentially equivalent to Hofstedes quantity-of-life dimensions. Future orientation is equivalent to Hofstedes long-term/short term orientation. Gender differentiation is the extent to which a society maximizes gender role differences. Uncertainty avoidance, power distance, and individualism/collectivism were also identified by Hofstede. In-group collectivism encompasses the extent to which members of a society take pride in membership in small groups. Performance orientation is the degree to which a society encourages and rewards group members for performance improvement and excellence. Humane orientation is defined as the degree to which a society encourages and rewards individuals for being fair, altruistic, generous, caring, and kind to others. This is close to Hofstedes quality-of-life dimension. (Moderate; Hofstedes Framework for Assessing Cultures; pp. 124-125) {AACSB: Analytic Skills} {AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity}

COMPREHENSIVE ESSAYS

140.Describe what is meant by the terms person-job fit and person-organization fit.

The person-job fit theory was developed by John Holland. It is based on the notion of fit between an individuals personality characteristics and his or her occupational environment. The theory argues that satisfaction is highest and turnover lowest when personality and occupation are in agreement. The key points of this model are: (1) there do appear to be intrinsic differences in personality among individuals, (2) there are different types of jobs, and (3) people in job environments congruent with their personality types should be more satisfied and less likely to voluntarily resign than should people in incongruent jobs.

The personorganization fit essentially argues that people are attracted to and selected by organizations that match their values, and leave organizations that are not compatible with their personalities. People with high extraversion, for example, fit better with aggressive and team-oriented cultures, while people with high agreeableness will match up better with a supportive organizational climate. Research on personorganization fit has also looked at peoples values and whether they match the organizations culture. The fit of employees values with the culture of their organization predicts job satisfaction, commitment to the organization, and low turnover. (Challenging; Personality-Job Fit Theory and Person-Organization Fit; pp. 121-123) {AACSB: Analytic Skills}

141.Discuss the five value dimensions of national culture described by Hofstede. Explain where the United States ranks on each of the five dimensions.

Geert Hofstedes framework analyzes variations among cultures. He found that managers and employees vary on five value dimensions of national culture. They are power distance, individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term/short-term orientation.

a) Power distance is the degree to which people in a country accept that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally.

b) Individualism is the degree to which people in a county prefer to act as individuals rather than as members of groups. Collectivism is the equivalent of low individualism.

c) Masculinity/femininity is the degree to which the culture favors traditional masculine roles such as achievement, power, and control versus a culture that views men and women as equals.

d) The degree to which people in a country prefer structured over unstructured situations is uncertainty avoidance.

e) People in cultures with long-term orientations look to the future and value thrift and persistence. A short-term orientation values the past and present, and emphasizes respect for tradition and fulfilling social obligations.

The United States scored low on power distance and uncertainty avoidance. The U.S. also ranks low in long-term orientation. The U.S. is in the middle ranks for masculinity/femininity. The U.S. is ranked highest on individualism. (Challenging; Hofstedes Framework for Assessing Cultures; pp. 124, 126) {AACSB: Analytic Skills} {AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity}

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