1. What is Leadership ? 2. Why it is important ? 3. Different are the Leadership styles? 4. Key difference between Leaders and Manager 5.

LEADERSHIP

Md. Mokhlesur Rahman ID # 122-0691-090 Md. Tariqul Alam ID # 113-0127-590RumiKhan Mohammad Nadim Hossain ID # 122-0692-192presented byThe ability to influence a group toward the achievement of goals

What is Leadership?

Characteristics of LeadershipLeader must have followersIt is working relationship between leader and followersPurpose is to achieve some common goal or goalsA leader influences his followers willingly not by forceLeadership is exercised in a given situationLeadership is a power relationshipIt is a continuous processImportance of LeadershipInitiates actionMotivationProviding guidanceCreating confidenceBuilding moraleBuilds work environmentCo-ordinationTrait TheoriesTraits Theories of LeadershipTheories that consider personality, social, physical, or intellectual traits to differentiate leaders from non leadersLeadership TraitsExtraversionConscientiousnessOpenness Emotional Intelligence (Qualified) Trait ApproachTraits (examples)ExtraversionConscientiousnessOpenness Assumption: Leaders are bornGoal: Select leadersProblemsTraits do not generalize across situationsBetter at predicting leader emergence than leader effectiveness7Behavioral TheoriesBehavioral TheoryLeadership behaviors can be taught.vs. Trait TheoryLeaders are born, not made.Behavioral Theories of LeadershipTheories proposing that specific behaviors differentiate leaders from non leaders8Behavioral ApproachAssumption: Leaders can be trainedGoal: Develop leadersProblem: Effective behaviors do not generalize across situations.9Leadership TheoriesManagerial GridDeveloped by Drs. Robert R. Blake and Jane S. MoutonBelieved managers have different leadership styles which led to two different dimensions of leadership:Concern for Production: manager who is task-oriented and focuses on getting results or accomplishing the mission (X-axis of grid)Concern for People: manager who avoids conflicts and strives for friendly relations with subordinates (Y-axis of grid)Managerial Grid (continued)

9876543211 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 **managers goal is 9,9**Contingency Theories

A contingency theory is an organizational theory that claims that there is no best way to organize a corporation, to lead a company, or to make decisions. Instead, the optimal course of action is contingent (dependent) upon the internal and external situation. A contingent leader effectively applies their own style of leadership to the right situation.LeaderMember Exchange (LMX) TheoryA theory that supports leaders creation of in-groups and out-groups; subordinates with in-group status willhave higher performance ratings, less turnover, and greater job satisfaction.

Charismatic LeadershipA leadership theory that states that followers make attributions of heroic or extraordinary leadership abilitieswhen they observe certain behaviors.

Characteristics :extravertedself-confidentachievement oriented

Are Charismatic Leaders Born or Made?

Individuals are born with traits that make them charismatic.

Most experts believe individuals can be trained to exhibit charismatic behaviors.Transactional Leaders

Leaders who guide or motivate their followers in the direction of established goals by clarifying role and task requirements.

Transformational Leaders

Leaders who inspire followers to transcend their own self-interests and who are capable of having a profound and extraordinary effect on followers.

What Is Authentic Leadership?Leaders who know who they are, know what they believe in and value, and act on those valuesand beliefs openly and candidly. Their followers would consider them to be ethical people.

Servant Leadership

A leadership style marked by going beyond the leadersown self-interest and instead focusing on opportunities to help followers grow and develop.

Online LeadershipTodays managers and employees are increasingly linked by networks rather than geographic proximity.

Emotional Intelligence for Leaders

Emotional Intelligence is basically the ability to recognize and understand ones own feelings and emotions as well as those of others and use that information to manage emotions and relationships.Path-Goal Theory

Premise Leader must help followers attain goals and reduce roadblocks to success Leaders must change behaviors to fit the situation (environmental contingencies and subordinate contingencies)

22The Path-Goal Theory

Key difference between Leaders and Manager

The leader is an innovator and the manager is an administrator

The leader ensures trust and results whereas the manager represents control and authority

A leader asks questions about what and why, a manager questions in how and when

Leaders give solutions while the managers create strategies

Leaders make followers and the managers look for subordinates

Foundation for Leadership Theories X, Y, and Z

Theory X

Believes that people are basically lazy and that coercion and threats of punishment often are necessary to get them to work.

Theory Y

Believes that under the right conditions people not only will work hard but will seek increased responsibility and challenge. Theory Z

Believes that workers seek opportunities to participate in management and are motivated by teamwork and responsibility sharing.

Emerging Approaches to Leadership

Strategic Leadership

The capability to understand the complexities of both the organization and its environment and to lead change in t organization in order to achieve and maintain a superior alignment between the organization and its environment.

Cross Cultural LeadershipIn this context, culture is used as a board concept to encompass both international differences and diversity based difference within one culture

Emerging Approaches to LeadershipEthical Leadership

Most people have long assumed that top managers are ethical people. But, in the wake of recent corporate scandals, faith in top managers has been shaken.

Important Leadership StylesAutocratic leadership styleThe Laissez Faire Leadership StyleParticipative leadership styleAutocratic Management Stylean autocratic manager dictates orders to their staff and makes decisions without any consultation. The leader likes to control the situation they are in. Decision are quick .This type of management style can decrease motivation and increase staff turnover

Democratic or participative styleA democratic manager delegates authority to the staff, giving them responsibility to complete the task.Staff will complete the tasks using their own work methods on time. Employees are involved in decision making giving them a sense motivating individuals. Increases job satisfaction by involving employees or team members .Slow decision making process.

Laissez Faire Management styleA laissez faire manager sets the tasks and gives staff complete freedom to complete the task as they see fit. leave it be.It works for teams in which the individuals are very experienced and skilled self-starters. There is minimal involvement from the manager. The manager coaches or supply information if required. Benefits - staff are developed to take responsibility .Staff feel lost and not reach the goals set within the time frame

Leadership QualitiesPhysical appearance

Vision and foresight

Intelligence

Communicative skills

Objective

Knowledge of work

Sense of responsibility

Self-confidence and will-power

Humanist

Empathy

Conclusion :There have been a number of approaches and theories that concern leadership. Early theories focused on characteristics of leaders, while later theories focused on leader behavior, and conditions under which individuals can be effective.As a process, leadership is the use of non-coercive influence to shape the groups or organizations goals, motivate behavior toward the achievement of those goals, and help define group or organization culture.