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![Page 1: OAS - Caribbean Conference on Horizontal Cooperation in Social Protection Port of Spain 11-12 September 2008 Karoline Schmid – Social Affairs Officer ECONOMIC.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082820/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93260/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
OAS - Caribbean Conference on Horizontal Cooperation in Social Protection
Port of Spain 11-12 September 2008
Karoline Schmid – Social Affairs Officer
ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN (ECLAC)
Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean
Caribbean Development and Cooperation Committee (CDCC)
![Page 2: OAS - Caribbean Conference on Horizontal Cooperation in Social Protection Port of Spain 11-12 September 2008 Karoline Schmid – Social Affairs Officer ECONOMIC.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082820/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93260/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Economic development context
Slow and uneven economic growth;High public sector debt;Low productivity;Large informal sector;Dependence on small range of goods & services export;Expiration of preferential trade agreements.
![Page 3: OAS - Caribbean Conference on Horizontal Cooperation in Social Protection Port of Spain 11-12 September 2008 Karoline Schmid – Social Affairs Officer ECONOMIC.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082820/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93260/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Social challenges
Demographic, economic and epidemiological transition;
Migration (brain-drain, return migration);
Natural disasters;
Poverty and vulnerability;
Cross-cutting gender issues;
Health and Education challenges (Access, HIV/AIDS, Reforms).
![Page 4: OAS - Caribbean Conference on Horizontal Cooperation in Social Protection Port of Spain 11-12 September 2008 Karoline Schmid – Social Affairs Officer ECONOMIC.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082820/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93260/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Poverty
Advanced development: high HDI - BUT:
● Limited availability and access to data;
● Unequal income distribution (high Gini);
● Pockets of poverty and indigence;
● High risk population segments: unemployed youths,
elderly, informal sector employees, the disabled,
female headed households with dependents;
● Poverty estimates vary for various countries: 15 – 38%
(see chart next slide);
![Page 5: OAS - Caribbean Conference on Horizontal Cooperation in Social Protection Port of Spain 11-12 September 2008 Karoline Schmid – Social Affairs Officer ECONOMIC.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082820/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93260/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Sources:CDB Country Poverty Assessment Reports- Antigua & Barbuda, Anguilla, BVI, Grenada, St. Lucia, St. Vincent & Grenadines; Survey of Living Conditions- Belize and Trinidad
Com para tive P overty Leve ls for S e lected Caribbean Countries
05
1 01 52 02 53 03 54 04 5
Country
Per
cen
t
![Page 6: OAS - Caribbean Conference on Horizontal Cooperation in Social Protection Port of Spain 11-12 September 2008 Karoline Schmid – Social Affairs Officer ECONOMIC.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082820/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93260/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
GINI Coe fficie nts for Se le cte d Caribbe an countrie s
0
0 .1
0 .2
0 .3
0 .4
0 .5
0 .6
0 .7
Country
Gin
i C
oe
ffic
ien
t
Sources: CDB Country Poverty Assessment Reports- Antigua & Barbuda, Anguilla, BVI, Grenada, St. Lucia, St. Vincent & Grenadines; Survey of Living Conditions- Belize and Trinidad; UNDP Human Development Reports – Haiti, Jamaica
![Page 7: OAS - Caribbean Conference on Horizontal Cooperation in Social Protection Port of Spain 11-12 September 2008 Karoline Schmid – Social Affairs Officer ECONOMIC.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082820/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93260/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Poverty in Haiti
I-PRSP adopted in 2006;
The poorest country in the western hemisphere:
● Per capita income: 250 $US;
● 50% of population < 1 $US a day;
● 76% of population < 2 $US a day;
● Poverty rural phenomenon:
- 69% of population < 1 US$ a day;
- 76% of population < 2 US$ a day.
![Page 8: OAS - Caribbean Conference on Horizontal Cooperation in Social Protection Port of Spain 11-12 September 2008 Karoline Schmid – Social Affairs Officer ECONOMIC.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082820/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93260/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Gender aspects in poverty and social security
Female headed households with dependents range from 21% to 44.5%;Female headed households with dependents range from 21% to 44.5%;Equal education but unequal access to labor market; equal work for less pay; Females with higher levels of education are more likely to be employed;Opportunities in formal economy biased towards men (higher female unemployment and higher percentage of women in informal sectors); [Barbados 2000 Census shows 77.8% women and 22.2% men were employed in private households];Consequently: Exclusion of women from social security mechanisms such as pensions & other forms of contributory saving plans;Heavy burden of care in home and community.
![Page 9: OAS - Caribbean Conference on Horizontal Cooperation in Social Protection Port of Spain 11-12 September 2008 Karoline Schmid – Social Affairs Officer ECONOMIC.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082820/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93260/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Data collection:
● SPARC (multi-donor effort), Improving Household Surveys
project (ECLAC);
● CDB/UNDP: support of HH surveys/poverty assessments: A&B
HBS/SLC 2005, Anguilla CPA 2002, Belize SLC 2002, BVI
CPA 2003, Dominica CPA 2003, Grenada SLC 1998, CPA
2007/2008, SKN CPA 2001, Haiti SLC 2001, St. Lucia
SLC/HBS 2005/2006, T&T SLC 2005), T&C CPA 2000;
● Census 2010: multi-donor effort to provide support at national
and regional (CARICOM) level;
Examples of UN Agency responses
![Page 10: OAS - Caribbean Conference on Horizontal Cooperation in Social Protection Port of Spain 11-12 September 2008 Karoline Schmid – Social Affairs Officer ECONOMIC.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082820/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93260/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Monitoring and Evaluation: support to MDG reporting and costing Belize, T&T (multi-agency); regional project (ECLAC); Development of policies and programs: Research and data analysis to support evidence based policy formulation (ECLAC);Technical assistance on gender, ageing, natural disasters (ECLAC & other agencies);Knowledge sharing: Sub-regional and regional intergovernmental and expert group meetings (ECLAC & other agencies).
Examples of UN Agency responses
![Page 11: OAS - Caribbean Conference on Horizontal Cooperation in Social Protection Port of Spain 11-12 September 2008 Karoline Schmid – Social Affairs Officer ECONOMIC.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082820/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93260/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Jamaica: PATH project to enhance targeting of welfare programs; Grenada and St. Kitts & Nevis: Initiated formulation of national policies on ageing;Guyana: Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (I-PRSP): Poverty Program, Poor Rural Communities Program, Basic Needs Trust Fund (BNTF), President’s Youth Choice Initiative;
Examples of Government initiatives
![Page 12: OAS - Caribbean Conference on Horizontal Cooperation in Social Protection Port of Spain 11-12 September 2008 Karoline Schmid – Social Affairs Officer ECONOMIC.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082820/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93260/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Trinidad & Tobago: Conditional Cash Transfer Program, old age pension, public assistance, feeding programs, employment programs, community development programs and a range of training and extension and business development services;Dominica: BNTF, National Shelter Development Project, Legal Aid Project, Upgrading Rural health Facilities, providing support to business development for job creation.
Examples of Government initiatives
![Page 13: OAS - Caribbean Conference on Horizontal Cooperation in Social Protection Port of Spain 11-12 September 2008 Karoline Schmid – Social Affairs Officer ECONOMIC.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082820/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93260/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Challenges in addressing poverty
Alleviate poverty in the short run;Break the cycle of intergenerational poverty transmission (human capital);Recognize age- and gender specific aspects of poverty;
![Page 14: OAS - Caribbean Conference on Horizontal Cooperation in Social Protection Port of Spain 11-12 September 2008 Karoline Schmid – Social Affairs Officer ECONOMIC.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082820/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93260/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Challenges in addressing poverty
Creation of a framework of social institutions: ● Overall policy framework and lead agency;
● Inter-sectoral coordination and integration;
● Transparency and evaluation;
● Reduce administrative costs;
● Continuity and consistency (avoid duplication);
● Significant duplication and gaps in coverage;
● Engagement of civil society.
![Page 15: OAS - Caribbean Conference on Horizontal Cooperation in Social Protection Port of Spain 11-12 September 2008 Karoline Schmid – Social Affairs Officer ECONOMIC.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082820/5697bf9c1a28abf838c93260/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• Thank you very much for your attention!
• Questions?