Oak Park Mult-Hazard Mitigation Plan

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Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Village of Oak Park, Illinois

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Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 11.1 Why a Plan is Required ..................................................................................................................9 1.2 Village of Oak Park: General Profile ............................................................................................10 1.3 Hazard Vulnerability Analysis (HVA) Prioritization ......................................................................12 1.4 Mitigation Planning Process ........................................................................................................21 Technical Expertise ............................................................................................................................21 Involving the Public ............................................................................................................................21 Incorporating Existing Plans ..............................................................................................................21 External Agency Coordination ...........................................................................................................22

Chapter 2 Risk Assessment.....................................................................................................232.1 Severe Winter Storms ..................................................................................................................23 Area Impacted ....................................................................................................................................24 Magnitude and Severity.....................................................................................................................24 Historical Events ................................................................................................................................24 Frequency...........................................................................................................................................25 Vulnerability........................................................................................................................................25 Potential Losses.................................................................................................................................26 2.2 Severe Storms ..............................................................................................................................26 Area Impacted ....................................................................................................................................28 Magnitude and Severity.....................................................................................................................28 Historical Events ................................................................................................................................28 Frequency...........................................................................................................................................28 Vulnerability........................................................................................................................................29 Potential Losses.................................................................................................................................30 2.3 Extreme Heat................................................................................................................................31 Area Impacted ....................................................................................................................................32 Magnitude and Severity.....................................................................................................................32 Historical Events ................................................................................................................................32 1

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Frequency...........................................................................................................................................33 Vulnerability........................................................................................................................................33 Potential Losses.................................................................................................................................34 2.4 Tornadoes.....................................................................................................................................34 Area Impacted ....................................................................................................................................35 Magnitude and Severity.....................................................................................................................36 Historical Events ................................................................................................................................36 Frequency...........................................................................................................................................37 Vulnerability........................................................................................................................................38 Potential Losses.................................................................................................................................40 2.5 Drought .........................................................................................................................................40 2.6 Earthquakes .................................................................................................................................41 Area Impacted ....................................................................................................................................44 Historical Events ................................................................................................................................44 Frequency...........................................................................................................................................46 Vulnerability........................................................................................................................................46 Potential Losses.................................................................................................................................47 2.7 Sewer Backups.............................................................................................................................47 Area Impacted ....................................................................................................................................50 Magnitude and Severity.....................................................................................................................50 Historical Events ................................................................................................................................50 Frequency...........................................................................................................................................50 Vulnerability........................................................................................................................................50 Potential Losses.................................................................................................................................51 2.8 Flooding ........................................................................................................................................51 2.9 Areas of Concern..........................................................................................................................62 Critical Facilities .................................................................................................................................63 Vulnerability........................................................................................................................................64 Repetitive/Potential Loss Areas........................................................................................................66 2.10 Cyber Attacks/Security ..............................................................................................................66 Area Impacted ....................................................................................................................................68 Magnitude and Severity.....................................................................................................................68 2

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Historical Events ................................................................................................................................68 Frequency...........................................................................................................................................68 Vulnerability........................................................................................................................................68 Potential Losses.................................................................................................................................68 2.11 Power Outages ...........................................................................................................................69 Area Impacted ....................................................................................................................................69 Magnitude and Severity.....................................................................................................................69 Historical Events ................................................................................................................................69 Frequency...........................................................................................................................................69 Vulnerability........................................................................................................................................70 Potential Losses.................................................................................................................................70

Chapter 3 Preventative Measures...........................................................................................713.1 Developing Trends .......................................................................................................................71 3.2 Preventative Measures................................................................................................................71 Planning and Zoning ..........................................................................................................................71 Open Space Preservation ..................................................................................................................73 Subdivision Regulations ....................................................................................................................74 Building Code .....................................................................................................................................74 Storm Water Management ................................................................................................................75 Development Incentives ....................................................................................................................76 3.3 Conclusions ..................................................................................................................................76 3.4 Recommendations.......................................................................................................................77

Chapter 4 Emergency Management and Response ..............................................................784.1 Threat Recognition.......................................................................................................................80 Winter Storms ....................................................................................................................................80 4.2 Warning.........................................................................................................................................80 StormReady........................................................................................................................................81 Local Implementation ........................................................................................................................82 4.3 Response......................................................................................................................................82 Local Implementation ........................................................................................................................83 4.4 Critical Facilities Protection .........................................................................................................83 Local Implementation ........................................................................................................................84 3

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4.5 Recovery and Mitigation ..............................................................................................................84 Local Implementation ........................................................................................................................84 4.6 Conclusions ..................................................................................................................................85

Chapter 5 Mitigation Strategy..................................................................................................865.1 Mitigation Goals ...........................................................................................................................86 5.2 Mitigation Measure Categories ...................................................................................................86 Prevention ..........................................................................................................................................86 Property Protection ............................................................................................................................87 Public Education and Awareness......................................................................................................87 Natural Resource Protection .............................................................................................................87 Emergency Services...........................................................................................................................87 Structural Projects .............................................................................................................................87 5.3 Potential Mitigation Measures ....................................................................................................87 Severe Storms....................................................................................................................................87 Severe Winter Storms........................................................................................................................88 Extreme Heat......................................................................................................................................89 Tornadoes...........................................................................................................................................89 Drought...............................................................................................................................................89 Earthquakes .......................................................................................................................................89 Sewer Backups ..................................................................................................................................90 Goal #1 ..........................................................................................................................................93 Goal #2 ..........................................................................................................................................94 Goal #3 ..........................................................................................................................................95 Summary of Recently Imposed/Expected Community Sustainment Activities.........................95 Baseline Metrics ...........................................................................................................................96 Cyber-Attack .......................................................................................................................................97 Power Outages ...................................................................................................................................98 Natural/Sustainable Landscaping....................................................................................................99 The Landscapes of Yesterday and Today ................................................................................. 100 Benefits of Natural Landscaping .............................................................................................. 101 Cost of Landscape Installation and Maintenance ...................................................... 101 Improved Water Quality ................................................................................................ 101 4

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Reduced Air Pollution ................................................................................................... 102 Reduced Noise Pollution .............................................................................................. 102 Climatological Benefits ................................................................................................. 102 Conservation Education ............................................................................................... 102 Natural Landscaping on a Small Scale..................................................................................... 103 Plant Lists ................................................................................................................................... 104 Public Outreach............................................................................................................................... 106 Outreach Projects ........................................................................................................................... 106 Community Newsletter/Direct Mailings.................................................................................... 106 News Media................................................................................................................................ 106 Other Approaches ...................................................................................................................... 106 Local Implementation ................................................................................................................ 107 Libraries and Websites .............................................................................................................. 107 Technical Assistance ................................................................................................................. 107 Real Estate Disclosures............................................................................................................. 107 Other Methods ................................................................................................................................ 108 Insurance.................................................................................................................................... 108 Incentives ................................................................................................................................... 108 Funding Mechanisms ..................................................................................................................... 108 5.4 Mitigation Strategy and Analysis .............................................................................................. 109 Specific Strategies to Reduce or Eliminate Flooding Damages................................................... 109 Option 1: Downspout Disconnection ........................................................................................ 111 Option 2: Rain Barrel ................................................................................................................. 112 Option 3: Rain Gardens ............................................................................................................. 113 Option 4: Dry Wells .................................................................................................................... 114 Option 5: Overhead Sewers and Other Backflow Prevention.................................................. 114 Option 6: BMP Demonstration Site........................................................................................... 115 Option 7: Permeable Pavement ................................................................................................ 116 Option 8: Boulevard Bioswale ................................................................................................... 117 Option 9: Inlet Restriction.......................................................................................................... 117 Option 10: Local Sewer Improvements .................................................................................... 120 Option 11: Trunk Sewer Improvements.................................................................................... 122 5

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Option 12: Sewer Study Update................................................................................................ 122 Other Mitigation Strategies ............................................................................................................ 123

Chapter 6 Action Plan............................................................................................................ 1256.1 Action Plan Overview................................................................................................................. 125 6.2 Mitigation Action Items ............................................................................................................. 125 MHMP Adoption .............................................................................................................................. 125 Continuation of Stakeholders Committee ..................................................................................... 125 6.3 Plan Maintenance ..................................................................................................................... 126 MHMP Monitoring and Maintenance............................................................................................. 126 Implementation Through Existing Programs ................................................................................. 126

References ................................................................................................................................ 127 Appendices A: Planning Process and Contributing Members ................................................................... 128 B: Summary of Public Involvement ......................................................................................... 130Agenda, Regular Board Meeting, September 6, 2011 ................................................................. 131 Minutes, Regular Board Meeting, September 6, 2011................................................................ 137 Agenda, Regular Board Meeting, October 6, 2011 ...................................................................... 148 Minutes, Regular Board Meeting, October 6, 2011 ..................................................................... 149 Agenda, Finance Committee Meeting, February 9, 2012 ............................................................ 154 Minutes, Finance Committee Meeting, February 9, 2012 ........................................................... 155 Agenda, Finance Committee Meeting, February 16, 2012.......................................................... 159 Minutes, Finance Committee Meeting, February 16, 2012......................................................... 160 Agenda, Special Meeting of the Board, March 1, 2012............................................................... 162 Minutes, Special Meeting of the Board, March 1, 2012.............................................................. 163 Webpage, Water and Sewer Division............................................................................................. 168

Attachments 1: Combined Sewer System Review and Short Term Improvement Study, 2011

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Tables11: 12: 13: 14: 15: 16: 17: 18: 21: 22: 23: 24: 25: 26: 27: 28: 29: 210: 211: 212: 213: 214: 215: 216: 217: 218: 41: 51: 52: 53: 54: 55: 56: 57: 58: 59: 510: 511: 512: PresidentialDisasterDeclarations:CookCounty PrioritizationofPotentialHazardsintheVillageofOakPark CompletedVillageofOakParkHVA,2012 VillageofOakParkHVA:NationalPlanningEvents VillageofOakParkHVA:NationalEventEMCycle VillageofOakParkHVA:LocalPlanningEvents VillageofOakParkHVA:LocalEventEMCycle VillageofOakParkHVA:CompleteThreatRankings SummaryofSnowClassificationsbytheNationalWeatherService Deaths/InjuriesDuetoWinterStormsReportedinCookCountySince2000 Deaths/InjuriesduetoThunderstormsReportedinCookCountySince2000 Possibleheatdisordersforpeopleinhigherriskgroupsforrangesofheatindex TotalDeathsinCookCountyduetoextremeheatsince2000 EnhancedFujitaScaleusedtocategorizetornadoes DeathsandinjuriesfromtornadoesinCookCountysince1954 Earthquakemeasurementscales SummaryofStormEventsandBasementBackups Summaryoftypesofcriticalfacilitiesandtheirdescription SummaryofcriticalfacilitiesandinfrastructureintheVillage Facilityvulnerabilitytoseverestormsandtornadoes Facilityvulnerabilitytoseverewinterstorms Facilityvulnerabilitytoextremeheat Facilityvulnerabilitytodrought Facilityvulnerabilitytoearthquake Facilityvulnerabilitytosewerbackups ComEdOutageReportbyCause ResponsibilityMatrix HazardMitigationStrategiesseverestorm HazardMitigationStrategiesseverewinterstorms HazardMitigationStrategiestornadoes HazardMitigationStrategiesearthquakes MitigationStrategiesforCombinedsewerBackups OakParkWaterUseandCost OakparkAverageHouseholdWateruse,2009 PlantsforFullSun PlantsforFullSunPartShade PlantsforShadedAreas IdentifiedSolutionsandtheirBenefits OtherMitigationStrategies

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Figures11: 12: 21: 22: 23: 24: 25: 26: 27: 28: 29: 210: 31: 51: 52: 53: 54: 55: 56: 57: 58: VillageofOakParkLocation VillageofOakParkVicinityMap Averagenumberofdaysatorabove90Fand100FinIllinois DesignwindspeedssetforthbytheAmericanSocietyofCivilEngineers MapofthenumberofEF3,EF4,andEF5tornadoespersparemileintheUnitedStates SeismicZonesinIllinois EarthquakesoccurringinIllinoisbetween1796and2008 Reportedearthquakeactivity(intensity)fortheJune28,2004earthquakeinIllinois Locationsofbasementfloodingfromcombinedsewerdischarge ComparisonofDWP100yrinundationmappingandFEMAeffectiveFIRMLowerDes PlainesRiverWatershed MaliciousCodesDetectedbySymantec EmailTrafficIdentifiedasMaliciousbyIndustrySector VillageofOakParkZoningMap PrairiePlantingatLucentTechnologies,Naperville,Illinois DifficulttoMaintainConventionalLandscaping NaturalLandscapingforHabitatandReducedMaintenance Representationofflowandvolumecomparisonutilizingdownspoutdisconnections Representationofflowandvolumecomparisonutilizingrainbarrels,raingardens,and downspoutdisconnection Representationofflowandcomparisonassociatedwithinletrestriction VillageofOakParkSewerImprovementsSince1984 ProposedLocalandSewerTrunkImprovements

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CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION1.1 Why a Plan is RequiredThe Village of Oak Park (the Village), located in Cook County, Illinois, (Figure 1.1) has experienced a variety of flooding and drainage problems for numerous years. Storms in August 2007, September 2008, July 2010, and again in July 2011, greatly impacted homes in the Village. In September of 2008, the Village received over 6 inches of rain in less than 2 days again resulting in numerous homes flooding. The problems arise from strained storm and sanitary sewer systems which result in basements flooding with both rainwater and raw sewage in multiple areas of the Village. Figure 1-1: Village of Oak Park Location

In response to repeated flooding of basements in the Northeast quadrant of the Village, the Village directed the Public Works Department and the Emergency Preparedness Department to prepare and Multiple Hazard Mitigation Plan and to provide a mechanism for community involvement in the preparation of this plan. While flooding is a significant hazard of interest in the Village, the area is subject to the danger and damage caused by other hazards. Cook County has had 17 Presidential Disaster declarations in the last 45 years due to natural hazards (Table 1-1), including the severe storm and flooding experienced in the Village in both August 2007 and September 2008. In the 2010 Illinois Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan (2010 State Plan), the State rated hazards by County based on occurrence, vulnerability, severity of impact and population. For Cook County, the threat from severe storms, severe winter storms and severe heat are rated as Severe; Floods and 9

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tornado events are rated as High; and drought and earthquake events are rated as Guarded (2010 State Plan, Page III-14).Table 1-1: Presidential disaster declarations: Cook County Date Number Type April 1967 OEP 227-DR Tornado September 1972 OEP 351-DR Severe Storm, Flood April 1973 OEP 373-DR Severe Storm, Flood June 1976 FDAA 583-DR Severe Storm, Flood January 1979 FDAA 3068-EM Blizzards, Snowstorms June 1981 FEMA 643-DR Severe Storm, Flood, Tornadoes October 1986 FEMA 776-DR Severe Storm, Flood August 1987 FEMA 798-DR Severe Storm, Flood July 1993 FEMA 997-DR Flood, Severe Storm July 1996 FEMA 1129-DR Flood September 1997 FEMA 1188 Flood January 1999 FEMA 3134-EM Winter Snow Storm January 2001 FEMA 3161-EM Severe Winter Storm September 2007 FEMA 1729-DR Severe Storm, Flood October 2008 FEMA 1800-DR Severe Storm, Flood August 2010 FEMA-1935 Severe Storm, Torrential Rains March 2011 FEMA-1960 Severe Winter Storm (Source: http://www.state.il.us/iema/planning/planning.htm)

The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (42 USC 5165) established the requirement of a multi-hazard mitigation plan as a prerequisite for Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) mitigation funds and went into effect on November 2004. The Village has formally decided to prepare this Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan (MHMP) to serve as the cornerstone of a long-term hazard mitigation strategy with the objective of reducing future disaster losses and to meet the eligibility requirements for FEMA hazard mitigation grant funding. In response to the storms in August 2011, the communities of Oak Park, Berwyn, and Cicero began talks with Cook County to determine if funding was available to conduct a multi-jurisdictional mitigation plan. As there was no funding available to move forward on this plan, and individual jurisdictions did not have appropriate levels of funding available, it was directed by the Village manager for Oak Park to complete this plan internally for the Village.

1.2 Village of Oak Park: General ProfileThe Village of Oak Park, located in Cook County, Illinois, sits approximately 11 miles west of Lake Michigan and shares a common border with Chicago on the north and west and covers an area of 4.5 square-miles (Figures 1.1 and 1.2). The 2010 census estimated the population of the Village at 51,878. There were 21,938 households within the Village limits and the median family income was 10

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$73,086. (http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/17/1754885.html) Figure 1-2: Village of Oak Park Vicinity Map

Cold winters, warm summers, and relatively large daily, monthly, and yearly variations in both temperatures and precipitation characterize the climate in the County. Average annual temperatures in northern Illinois range from 48F to 57F. Average winter highs range from the 30s with average lows into the teens. Average summer highs reach the 80s while lows dip down to the 60s across the state. Spring and fall have more moderate temperatures with average spring temperatures ranging from 57F down to 36F. Average fall highs range from 60F down to 40F. Northern Illinois averages 10 days at or above 90F and days at or above 100F are quite rare, occurring about every other year. Approximately 16 days per year are at or below 0F. The highest and lowest ranges temperatures ever reported in Illinois were 117F in East St. Louis on July 14, 1954 and 36F in Congerville on January 5, 1999. (2010 State Plan, Page I-3) Northern Illinois averages 32 inches of precipitation annually with the average annual snowfall is 36 inches. Winter snowfall is heaviest in the Chicago area and in enhanced by lake-effect snows from Lake Michigan. The greatest 24-hour rainfall was 16.94 inches at Aurora, just southwest of the Village, on July 17-18, 1996. The greatest one-year precipitation was 74.58 inches at New Burnside, southern Illinois, in 1950. The greatest 24-hour snowfall was 37.8 inches at Astoria, central Illinois, on February 27-28, 1900. The greatest winter snowfall was 105.1 inches at Antioch, just north of the Village, in 1978-1979. (2010 State Plan, Page I-4) 11

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1.3 Hazard Vulnerability Analysis (HVA) PrioritizationHazards were prioritized on a countywide scale in the 2010 State Plan and in 2012 by Cook County. To help prioritize hazards within the Village, the Village conducted its own Hazard Vulnerability Study and involved numerous community partners. Hazard ratings for the County, as determined in the 2010 State Plan, were based on a combination of frequency of occurrence and severity of impacts. The following categories were used in the 2010 State Plan prioritization: Historical/Probability - Identifying what has occurred in the past to project the probability for future occurrences; Vulnerability - Potential residents impacted resulting from vulnerability assessment; Severity of Impact Potential dollar impacts resulting from vulnerability assessment; Population Considering both existing and future population trends; and Economic Impact Specific impacts experienced by the Village.

The Village of Oak Park chose the Wisconsin Hazard Vulnerability Assessment Tool. Respondents were asked to rate the effect of numerous national planning events (large scale disasters and terrorism), local planning events (smaller scale natural disasters and terrorism), and their effects on the following areas: Human Impact Healthcare Services Impact Community Impact Local Public Health Agency (LPHA) Impact Property Impact, and Business Impact

Where many HVA tools routinely use categories and descriptive words such as a few, several, or many, the Wisconsin tool uses precise language for each rating category. Respondents were asked to give their opinion on the percent of each category that would be affected by an average occurrence of a specific event and then assign the appropriate rating. As such, the Wisconsin HVA rating criteria are as follows: 0 1 2 3 No impact expected Low (less than 1% affected) Moderate (1%-10% affected) High (more than 10% affected)

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Utilizing the Wisconsin tool also allows respondents to include their thoughts on the emergency management cycle for both the State and Village. This cycle includes: prevention, preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation. While the risk of a severe thunderstorm is high, planning and mitigation efforts taken in the Village reduce the overall impact that storm would have on the Village.

Table 2-17 ranks the hazards with the highest risk based on the 2012 Village HVA. It should be noted that the following terrorism-related activities were highly rated threats to the Village: Explosive/IED attack Biological attack food contamination Biological disease pandemic fluTABLE 1-2: Prioritization of potential hazards in the Village of Oak Park Event Risk 59% Severe Thunder-storm 56% Extreme Heat 53% Extreme Cold 53% Blizzard 51% Power outage 49% Ice Storm 49% Cyber Attack 48% VIP Visit 45% Computer Failure 42% Flooding

NOTE: For the purposes of this HVA, flooding refers to basement flood/sewer backup. In completing the Hazard Vulnerability Analysis (HVA), Village employees and community partners including businesses, schools, representatives from surrounding communities, Faith-based organizations, hospitals and health care agencies, and volunteer agencies were asked to provide their input. Historical information was then reviewed to provide corroboration with current beliefs and plans to complete the project. With this completion, the Village is better prepared to focus mitigation and preparedness assets towards those threats most likely to cause damage, injury, death, and loss of life and property. The following pages show the completed 2012 Village of Oak Park broken out by major section.

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Table 1-3: Completed Village of Oak Park HVA,

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Name of Submitting Local Public Health Agency and Tribe: Public Health Department, The Village of Oak Park, Illinos List of Participating LPHA/Tribe(s), and other Partners: See attached list WI HVA Meeting Date(s): See attached listRISK PROBABILITY HUMAN IMPACT HEALTHCARE COMMUNITY IMPACT SERVICES IMPACT LPHA IMPACT PROPERTY IMPACT BUSINESS IMPACT MITIGATION PREPAREDNESS RESPONSE RECOVERY

WI HAZARD VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT TOOLNational Planning Scenarios* Natural Disaster Major Earthquake Natural Disaster Major Hurricane Biological Disease Outbreak Pandemic flu Biological Attack Aerosol Anthrax Biological Attack Plague Biological Attack Food Contamination Biological Attack Foreign Animal Disease Chemical Attack Toxic Industrial Chemicals Chemical Attack Chlorine Tank Explosion Chemical Attack Blister Agent Chemical Attack Nerve Agent Explosives Attack Improvised Explosive Nuclear Detonation Improvised Device Radiological Attack Radiological Dispersal Cyber Attack Local Planning Events* Earthquake Drought Wild Fire Severe Thunderstorm Tornado Flooding Flash Flooding Landslide Extreme Heat Extreme Cold Blizzard Ice Storm Hazmat Release/Explosion (fixed site) Hazmat Release/Explosion (transport) Nuclear Facility Incident (fixed site) Nuclear Facility Incident (transport) Epidemic Pandemic Power Outage Water System Failure Major Communications Disruption Computer Failure Airplane Crash Civil Disturbance Fuel Shortage Multiple House/Building Fire Multiple Vehicle Highway Accident Municipal Water Contamination Supply Disruption VIP Visit Community-specific Planning Events** Civic/Sports Events High-density population (University, etc.) Military Base 2012 Other Federal Installations

Relative threat (increases with percentage)

Likelihood of future occurrence

Percentage of healthcare Percentage of population Percentage of community services likely to be likely to be injured or kil ed likely to be affected affected under an under an average under an average average occurrence of occurrence of the hazard occurrence of the hazard the hazard0 = N/A (no impact expected) 1= Low (10% affected) 0 = N/A (no impact expected) 1= Low (10% affected) 0 = N/A (no impact expected) 1= Low (10% affected)

Percentage of public Percentage of properties Percentage of health services likely to likely to be affected businesses likely to be Internal External Internal External Internal External Internal External be affected under an under an average affected under an (Jurisdictional) (Region/State) (Jurisdictional) (Region/State) (Jurisdictional) (Region/State) (Jurisdictional) (Region/State) average occurrence of occurrence of the average occurrence of the hazard hazard the hazard0 = N/A (no impact expected) 1= Low (10% affected) 0 = N/A (no impact expected) 1= Low (10% affected) 0 = N/A (no impact expected) 1= Substantial 1= Substantial 1= Substantial 1= Substantial 1= Substantial 1= Substantial 1= Substantial 1= Substantial 1= Low (10% affected)

0 - 100%

0 = N/A (implausible) 1= Low (0-1event / 30 yrs) 2 = Moderate (2-3 events / 30 yrs) 3 = High (4+ events / 30 yrs)

21% 11% 30% 24% 10% 35% 17% 32% 30% 23% 14% 29% 24% 20% 49%

1.000.43

1.71 1.14 0.57 1.71 0.71 1.29 1.57 0.86 0.86 1.57 1.00 0.86 2.43 0.71 0.71 0.00 2.86 1.57 2.14 1.43 0.00 2.29 2.43 2.86 2.57 0.86 1.14 0.29 0.43 0.86 1.43 2.86 1.14 1.86 2.29 0.71 1.57 1.29 2.14 2.71 1.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 1.00 0.00 0.00

1.29 0.20 2.29 1.57 1.00 1.83 0.80 1.40 1.33 1.00 1.00 1.17 2.25 2.00 1.17 1.29 0.57 0.17 1.14 2.00 1.00 0.83 0.20 1.57 1.29 1.14 1.29 1.67 1.71 0.60 0.80 1.14 1.71 1.29 1.00 1.00 1.29 0.83 1.29 1.17 1.14 1.00 2.00 1.00 0.57 0.83 0.25 0.00 0.25

1.67 0.25 2.67 2.00 1.75 2.20 1.75 2.00 2.20 1.25 1.25 2.00 2.67 1.67 1.80 1.67 0.67 0.00 0.83 2.00 1.17 1.00 0.25 2.17 1.67 1.33 1.67 1.80 2.00 0.50 1.25 2.33 2.83 1.50 2.00 1.50 1.83 2.00 1.33 0.80 1.50 1.00 1.80 1.00 0.50 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.00

1.71 0.20 2.57 1.86 1.40 1.83 1.20 1.60 2.17 1.40 1.40 1.67 2.25 2.00 2.33 1.57 0.86 0.17 2.00 2.29 1.86 1.33 0.00 2.00 1.71 2.43 2.43 1.50 2.14 0.20 1.20 1.86 2.43 1.86 2.17 2.14 1.71 1.33 1.57 1.83 1.14 0.86 2.33 0.83 1.29 1.00 0.25 0.00 0.00

1.60 0.50 2.67 2.00 1.75 2.20 1.50 2.00 2.20 1.25 1.75 2.20 2.67 2.00 2.00 1.67 0.83 0.20 1.17 2.17 1.17 1.40 0.00 2.33 1.83 1.83 2.00 1.80 2.00 0.75 1.50 2.17 2.83 1.50 2.40 1.50 1.50 2.00 1.50 0.80 1.33 1.00 2.20 0.80 0.50 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00

2.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.80 0.75 0.75 1.00 0.50 0.25 1.20 2.33 0.67 1.40 1.60 0.80 0.00 2.00 2.40 2.60 1.75 0.00 1.00 1.60 2.60 2.60 1.75 1.40 1.33 1.33 1.00 1.00 2.20 1.25 1.60 1.00 1.50 1.40 0.75 1.00 0.60 1.25 0.75 0.80 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

1.83 0.25 1.83 1.67 1.75 2.00 1.75 1.50 2.00 1.25 1.00 1.60 2.33 1.67 2.40 1.60 0.80 0.00 1.80 2.00 2.20 2.00 0.00 1.40 1.80 2.40 2.40 1.75 1.60 0.67 1.33 1.20 1.80 2.20 2.25 2.60 2.40 1.50 1.80 1.25 1.00 0.60 2.25 1.00 1.20 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00

2.00 3.00 1.75 1.50 2.00 2.00 2.67 2.33 1.75 2.50 2.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.50 2.33 3.00 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.00 3.00 2.25 2.50 2.25 2.25 2.00 1.75 3.00 2.00 1.33 1.50 1.75 1.33 1.75 1.50 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.25 1.25 1.33 2.00 2.33 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.00

2.00 3.00 1.75 2.25 1.50 1.75 2.33 2.33 1.75 2.50 2.00 2.25 2.50 3.00 2.25 2.75 3.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 2.33 3.00 2.75 2.50 1.75 2.00 2.00 1.75 1.00 3.00 2.00 1.50 2.00 1.33 2.50 2.25 2.33 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 1.33 2.00 2.67 1.00 3.00 3.00 3.00

2.25 3.00 1.25 2.50 3.00 2.00 2.50 2.50 1.67 3.00 1.00 1.67 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.33 2.00 3.00 1.33 1.67 2.00 1.50 3.00 2.00 1.67 1.67 1.67 2.00 1.33 3.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 1.33 2.00 1.67 1.67 2.00 1.67 2.50 1.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 2.00 3.00 3.00

1.75 3.00 1.50 2.25 2.00 1.50 2.50 2.50 1.67 3.00 2.00 1.67 2.00 1.00 2.33 2.67 3.00 3.00 2.33 1.67 1.67 2.50 3.00 2.67 2.00 1.33 1.33 2.00 1.33 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 2.33 2.33 2.00 2.33 2.00 1.67 1.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 3.00

1.67 3.00 1.33 1.67 1.00 2.00 2.50 2.50 1.67 3.00 1.00 1.33 2.00 3.00 1.00 2.33 2.00 3.00 1.00 1.67 1.67 1.00 3.00 1.67 1.67 1.67 1.67 1.00 1.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.33 1.33 1.00 1.00 2.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 2.50 1.00 2.00 3.00 3.00

2.00 3.00 1.00 2.33 1.00 1.67 2.50 2.50 2.00 3.00 2.00 1.67 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.67 3.00 3.00 2.67 2.33 1.67 2.50 3.00 3.00 2.67 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.33 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.67 1.00 2.33 2.33 1.50 2.33 1.50 1.67 1.00 1.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 3.00

2.00 3.00 1.33 1.67 2.00 2.00 2.50 2.50 1.33 3.00 1.00 1.33 2.00 3.00 1.00 2.33 2.00 3.00 1.67 1.67 2.00 1.00 3.00 2.00 1.33 1.67 1.67 1.00 1.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 2.50 2.00 3.00 3.00 3.00

2.00 3.00 1.00 1.67 1.00 2.00 2.50 2.50 1.67 3.00 2.00 1.33 1.00 1.00 1.67 2.67 3.00 3.00 2.67 2.00 1.67 2.50 3.00 2.67 2.33 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.33 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.67 1.00 2.33 2.33 1.50 2.33 1.50 1.67 1.00 1.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 3.00 3.00 3.00

18% 16% 0% 59% 34% 42% 28% 0% 56% 53% 53% 49% 17% 19% 5% 9% 15% 22% 51% 19% 38% 45% 13% 31% 26% 31% 30% 17% 25% 48%

40% 20% 0% 0%

Table 1-4: Village of Oak Park HVA: National Planning Events

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Name of Submit ing Local Public Health Agency and Tribe: Public Health Department, The Vil age of Oak Park, Il inos List of Participating LPHA/Tribe(s), and other Partners: See attached list WI HVA Meeting Date(s): See attached listPROBABILITY HUMAN IMPACT HEALTHCARE COMMUNITY IMPACT LPHA IMPACT PROPERTY IMPACT BUSINESS IMPACT SERVICES IMPACTPercentage of businesses likely to be affected under an average occurrence of the hazard

RISK Relativethreat (increaseswith percentage) 0100% 21% 11% 30% 24% 10% 35% 17% 32% 30% 23% 14% 29% 24% 20% 49%

WI HAZARD VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT TOOLNational Planning Scenarios* Natural Disaster Major Earthquake Natural Disaster Major Hurricane Biological Disease Outbreak Pandemic flu Biological Attack Aerosol Anthrax Biological Attack Plague Biological Attack Food Contamination Biological Attack Foreign Animal Disease Chemical Attack Toxic Industrial Chemicals Chemical Attack Chlorine Tank Explosion Chemical Attack Blister Agent Chemical Attack Nerve Agent Explosives Attack Improvised Explosive Nuclear Detonation Improvised Device Radiological Attack Radiological Dispersal Cyber Attack

Percentage of healthcare Percentage of community Percentage of public Percentage of properties Percentage of population services likely to be likely to be affected health services likely to likely to be affected Likelihood of future likely to be injured or kil ed affected under an under an average be affected under an under an average occurrence under an average average occurrence of occurrence of the average occurrence of occurrence of the occurrence of the hazard the hazard hazard the hazard hazard

0 = N/A (no impact expected) 0 = N/A (no impact expected) 0 = N/A (no impact expected) 0 = N/A (no impact expected) 0 = N/A (no impact expected) 0 = N/A (no impact expected) 0 = N/A (implausible) 1= Low (0-1event / 30 years) 1= Low (10% affected)

1.000.43

1.71 1.14 0.57 1.71 0.71 1.29 1.57 0.86 0.86 1.57 1.00 0.86 2.43

1.29 0.20 2.29 1.57 1.00 1.83 0.80 1.40 1.33 1.00 1.00 1.17 2.25 2.00 1.17

1.67 0.25 2.67 2.00 1.75 2.20 1.75 2.00 2.20 1.25 1.25 2.00 2.67 1.67 1.80

1.71 0.20 2.57 1.86 1.40 1.83 1.20 1.60 2.17 1.40 1.40 1.67 2.25 2.00 2.33

1.60 0.50 2.67 2.00 1.75 2.20 1.50 2.00 2.20 1.25 1.75 2.20 2.67 2.00 2.00

2.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.80 0.75 0.75 1.00 0.50 0.25 1.20 2.33 0.67 1.40

1.83 0.25 1.83 1.67 1.75 2.00 1.75 1.50 2.00 1.25 1.00 1.60 2.33 1.67 2.40

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Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Village of Oak Park, IllinoisTable 1-5: Village of Oak Park HVA: National Event EM Cycle

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Name of Submit ing Local Public Health Agency and Tribe: Public Health Department, The Vil age of Oak Park, Il inos List of Participating LPHA/Tribe(s), and other Partners: See attached list WI HVA Meeting Date(s): See attached list

WI HAZARD VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT TOOLNational Planning Scenarios* Natural Disaster Major Earthquake Natural Disaster Major Hurricane Biological Disease Outbreak Pandemic flu Biological Attack Aerosol Anthrax Biological Attack Plague Biological Attack Food Contamination Biological Attack Foreign Animal Disease Chemical Attack Toxic Industrial Chemicals Chemical Attack Chlorine Tank Explosion Chemical Attack Blister Agent Chemical Attack Nerve Agent Explosives Attack Improvised Explosive Nuclear Detonation Improvised Device Radiological Attack Radiological Dispersal Cyber Attack

MITIGATION

PREPAREDNESS

RESPONSE

RECOVERY

Internal External Internal External Internal External Internal External (Jurisdictional) (Region/State) (Jurisdictional) (Region/State) (Jurisdictional) (Region/State) (Jurisdictional) (Region/State)1= Substantial 1= Substantial 1= Substantial 1= Substantial 1= Substantial 1= Substantial 1= Substantial 1= Substantial 2 = Moderate 2 = Moderate 2 = Moderate 2 = Moderate 2 = Moderate 2 = Moderate 2 = Moderate 2 = Moderate 3 = Limited or none 3 = Limited or none 3 = Limited or none 3 = Limited or none 3 = Limited or none 3 = Limited or none 3 = Limited or none 3 = Limited or none

RISK Relativethreat (increaseswith percentage) 010 % 21% 1% 30% 24% 10% 35% 17% 32% 30% 23% 14% 29% 24% 20% 49%17

1.00 0.43 1.71 1.14 0.57 1.71 0.71 1.29 1.57 0.86 0.86 1.57 1.00 0.86 2.43

1.29 0.20 2.29 1.57 1.00 1.83 0.80 1.40 1.33 1.00 1.00 1.17 2.25 2.00 1.17

1.67 0.25 2.67 2.00 1.75 2.20 1.75 2.00 2.20 1.25 1.25 2.00 2.67 3.00 1.80

1.71 0.20 2.57 1.86 1.40 1.83 1.20 1.60 2.17 1.40 1.40 1.67 2.25 1.00 2.33

1.60 3.00 2.67 2.00 1.75 2.20 1.50 2.00 2.20 1.25 1.75 2.20 2.67 3.00 2.00

2.00 3.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.80 0.75 0.75 1.00 0.50 0.25 1.20 2.33 1.00 1.40

1.83 3.00 1.83 1.67 1.75 2.00 1.75 1.50 2.00 1.25 1.00 1.60 2.33 3.00 2.40

2.00 3.00 1.75 1.50 2.00 2.00 2.67 2.33 1.75 2.50 2.00 2.00 3.00 1.00 2.00

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Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Village of Oak Park, IllinoisTable 1-6: Village of Oak Park HVA: Local Impacts

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Name of Submitting Local Public Health Agency and Tribe: Public Health Department, The Village of Oak Park, Illinos List of Participating LPHA/Tribe(s), and other Partners: See attached list WI HVA Meeting Date(s): See attached listPROBABILITY HUMAN IMPACT HEALTHCARE COMMUNITY IMPACT SERVICES IMPACT LPHA IMPACT PROPERTY IMPACT BUSINESS IMPACT

RISK Relativethreat (increaseswith percentage) 0100% 18% 16% 0% 59% 34% 42% 28% 0% 56% 53% 53% 49% 17% 19% 5% 9% 15% 22% 51% 19% 38% 45% 13% 31% 26% 31% 30% 17% 25% 48% 40% 20% 0% 0%

WI HAZARD VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT TOOLLocal Planning Events* Earthquake Drought Wild Fire Severe Thunderstorm Tornado Flooding Flash Flooding Landslide Extreme Heat Extreme Cold Blizzard Ice Storm Hazmat Release/Explosion (fixed site) Hazmat Release/Explosion (transport) Nuclear Facility Incident (fixed site) Nuclear Facility Incident (transport) Epidemic Pandemic Power Outage Water System Failure Major Communications Disruption Computer Failure Airplane Crash Civil Disturbance Fuel Shortage Multiple House/Building Fire Multiple Vehicle Highway Accident Municipal Water Contamination Supply Disruption VIP Visit Community-specific Planning Events** Civic/Sports Events High-density population (University, etc.) Military Base Other Federal Installations

Likelihood of future occurrence

Percentage of healthcare Percentage of community Percentage of population likely to be affected services likely to be likely to be injured or killed under an average affected under an under an average occurrence of the average occurrence of occurrence of the hazard hazard the hazard0 = N/A (no impact expected) 1= Low (10% affected) 0 = N/A (no impact expected) 1= Low (10% affected) 0 = N/A (no impact expected) 1= Low (10% affected)

Percentage of Percentage of public Percentage of properties businesses likely to be health services likely to likely to be affected affected under an under an average be affected under an average occurrence of occurrence of the average occurrence of the hazard hazard the hazard0 = N/A (no impact expected) 1= Low (10% affected) 0 = N/A (no impact expected) 1= Low (10% affected) 0 = N/A (no impact expected) 1= Low (10% affected)

0 = N/A (implausible) 1= Low (0-1event / 30 years) 2 = M oderate (2-3 events / 30 years) 3 = High (4+ events / 30 years)

0.71 0.71 0.00 2.86 1.57 2.14 1.43 0.00 2.29 2.43 2.86 2.57 0.86 1.14 0.29 0.43 0.86 1.43 2.86 1.14 1.86 2.29 0.71 1.57 1.29 2.14 2.71 1.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 1.00 0.00 0.00

1.29 0.57 0.17 1.14 2.00 1.00 0.83 0.20 1.57 1.29 1.14 1.29 1.67 1.71 0.60 0.80 1.14 1.71 1.29 1.00 1.00 1.29 0.83 1.29 1.17 1.14 1.00 2.00 1.00 0.57 0.83 0.25 0.00 0.25

1.67 0.67 0.00 0.83 2.00 1.17 1.00 0.25 2.17 1.67 1.33 1.67 1.80 2.00 0.50 1.25 2.33 2.83 1.50 2.00 1.50 1.83 2.00 1.33 0.80 1.50 1.00 1.80 1.00 0.50 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.00

1.57 0.86 0.17 2.00 2.29 1.86 1.33 0.00 2.00 1.71 2.43 2.43 1.50 2.14 0.20 1.20 1.86 2.43 1.86 2.17 2.14 1.71 1.33 1.57 1.83 1.14 0.86 2.33 0.83 1.29 1.00 0.25 0.00 0.00

1.67 0.83 0.20 1.17 2.17 1.17 1.40 0.00 2.33 1.83 1.83 2.00 1.80 2.00 0.75 1.50 2.17 2.83 1.50 2.40 1.50 1.50 2.00 1.50 0.80 1.33 1.00 2.20 0.80 0.50 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00

1.60 0.80 0.00 2.00 2.40 2.60 1.75 0.00 1.00 1.60 2.60 2.60 1.75 1.40 1.33 1.33 1.00 1.00 2.20 1.25 1.60 1.00 1.50 1.40 0.75 1.00 0.60 1.25 0.75 0.80 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

1.60 0.80 0.00 1.80 2.00 2.20 2.00 0.00 1.40 1.80 2.40 2.40 1.75 1.60 0.67 1.33 1.20 1.80 2.20 2.25 2.60 2.40 1.50 1.80 1.25 1.00 0.60 2.25 1.00 1.20 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00

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Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Village of Oak Park, IllinoisTable 1-7: Village of Oak Park HVA: Local Event EM Cycle

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Name of Submitting Local Public Health Agency and Tribe: Public Health Department, The Village of Oak Park, Illinos List of Participating LPHA/Tribe(s), and other Partners: See attached list WI HVA Meeting Date(s): See attached list

WI HAZARD VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT TOOLLocal Planning Events* Earthquake Drought Wild Fire Severe Thunderstorm Tornado Flooding Flash Flooding Landslide Extreme Heat Extreme Cold Blizzard Ice Storm Hazmat Release/Explosion (fixed site) Hazmat Release/Explosion (transport) Nuclear Facility Incident (fixed site) Nuclear Facility Incident (transport) Epidemic Pandemic Power Outage Water System Failure Major Communications Disruption Computer Failure Airplane Crash Civil Disturbance Fuel Shortage Multiple House/Building Fire Multiple Vehicle Highway Accident Municipal Water Contamination Supply Disruption VIP Visit Community-specific Planning Events** Civic/Sports Events High-density population (University, etc.) Military Base Other Federal Installations

MITIGATIONInternal (Jurisdictional)1= Substantial 2 = Moderate 3 = Limited or none

PREPAREDNESSInternal (Jurisdictional)1= Substantial 2 = Moderate 3 = Limited or none

RESPONSEInternal (Jurisdictional)1= Substantial 2 = Moderate 3 = Limited or none

RECOVERYInternal (Jurisdictional)1= Substantial 2 = Moderate 3 = Limited or none

External (Region/State)1= Substantial 2 = Moderate 3 = Limited or none




RISK Relativethreat (increaseswith percentage) 0100% 18% 16% 0% 59% 34% 42% 28% 0% 56% 53% 53% 49% 17% 19% 5% 9% 15% 22% 51% 19% 38% 45% 13% 31% 26% 31% 30% 17% 25% 48% 40% 20% 0% 0%

0.71 0.71 0.00 2.86 1.57 2.14 1.43 0.00 2.29 2.43 2.86 2.57 0.86 1.14 0.29 0.43 0.86 1.43 2.86 1.14 1.86 2.29 0.71 1.57 1.29 2.14 2.71 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.57 1.14 0.00 0.29

1.29 0.57 0.17 1.14 2.00 1.00 0.83 0.20 1.57 1.29 1.14 1.29 1.67 1.71 0.60 0.80 1.14 1.71 1.29 1.00 1.00 1.29 0.83 1.29 1.17 1.14 1.00 2.00 1.00 0.57 1.00 0.25 0.00 0.25

1.67 0.67 0.00 0.83 2.00 1.17 1.00 3.00 2.17 1.67 1.33 1.67 1.80 2.00 3.00 3.00 2.33 2.83 1.50 2.00 1.50 1.83 2.00 1.33 0.80 1.50 1.00 1.80 1.00 0.50 0.60 0.00 3.00 3.00

1.57 0.86 0.17 2.00 2.29 1.86 1.33 3.00 2.00 1.71 2.43 2.43 1.50 2.14 1.00 1.00 1.86 2.43 1.86 2.17 2.14 1.71 1.33 1.57 1.83 1.14 0.86 2.33 0.83 1.29 1.00 0.25 3.00 3.00

1.67 0.83 0.20 1.17 2.17 1.17 1.40 3.00 2.33 1.83 1.83 2.00 1.80 2.00 3.00 3.00 2.17 2.83 1.50 2.40 1.50 1.50 2.00 1.50 0.80 1.33 1.00 2.20 0.80 0.50 1.00 0.00 3.00 3.00

1.60 0.80 0.00 2.00 2.40 2.60 1.75 3.00 1.00 1.60 2.60 2.60 1.75 1.40 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.20 1.25 1.60 1.00 1.50 1.40 0.75 1.00 0.60 1.25 0.75 0.80 1.00 0.00 3.00 3.00

1.60 0.80 0.00 1.80 2.00 2.20 2.00 3.00 1.40 1.80 2.40 2.40 1.75 1.60 3.00 3.00 1.20 1.80 2.20 2.25 2.60 2.40 1.50 1.80 1.25 1.00 0.60 2.25 1.00 1.20 1.50 1.00 3.00 3.00

2.50 2.33 3.00 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.00 3.00 2.25 2.50 2.25 2.25 2.00 1.75 1.00 1.00 1.33 1.50 1.75 1.33 1.75 1.50 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.25 1.25 1.33 2.00 2.33 1.00 2.50 3.00 3.00

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Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Village of Oak Park, IllinoisTable 1-8: Village of Oak Park HVA: Complete Threat Rankings RISK RANK Event 0 - 100%

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33

Severe Thunderstorm Extreme Heat Extreme Cold Blizzard Power Outage Ice Storm Cyber Attack VIP Visit Computer Failure Flooding (basement/sewer backup) Civic/Sports Events Major Communications Disruption Biological Attack Food Contamination Tornado Chemical Attack Toxic Industrial Chemicals Civil Disturbance Multiple House/Building Fire Chemical Attack Chlorine Tank Explosion Biological Disease Outbreak Pandemic flu Multiple Vehicle Highway Accident Explosives Attack Improvised Explosive Flash Flooding Fuel Shortage Supply Disruption Nuclear Detonation Improvised Device Biological Attack Aerosol Anthrax Chemical Attack Blister Agent Pandemic Natural Disaster Major Earthquake High-density population (University, etc.) Radiological Attack Radiological Dispersal Hazmat Release/Explosion (transport) Water System Failure

59% 56% 53% 53% 51% 49% 49% 48% 45% 42% 40% 38% 35% 34% 32% 31% 31% 30% 30% 30% 29% 28% 26% 25% 24% 24% 23% 22% 21% 20% 20% 19% 19% 20

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Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Village of Oak Park, Illinois 18% 17% 17% 17% 16% 15% 14% 13% 11% 10% 9% 5% 0% 0% 0% 0%

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Biological Attack Foreign Animal Disease Municipal Water Contamination Hazmat Release/Explosion (fixed site) Drought Epidemic Chemical Attack Nerve Agent Airplane Crash Natural Disaster Major Hurricane Biological Attack Plague Nuclear Facility Incident (transport) Nuclear Facility Incident (fixed site) Wild Fire Landslide Military Base Other Federal Installations

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1.4 Mitigation Planning ProcessAccording to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) hazard mitigation is sustained action taken to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to people and their property from hazards and their effects with the primary purpose of hazard mitigation planning being to identify policies, actions, and tools within the community. These tools and actions should be implemented over the long-term and will result in a reduction in risk and potential future losses in the Village. This MHMP was prepared utilizing Village and community experts, public input, and a thorough review of historical statistics.

Technical ExpertiseTechnical expertise was incorporated through the involvement of Village staff and representatives from other government agencies including the Illinois Emergency Management Agency and the Federal Emergency Management Agency.

Involving the PublicExternal involvement is important to developing a good plan. Many activities outlined in a mitigation plan require community cooperation to be effective. Oak Park residents were invited to attend several Sewer/Flooding Public Forums hosted by the Village Board and the Public Works Department in late 2011 and early 2012 and were invited to speak at regularly scheduled Council meetings. Given that severe storms and basement flooding are high priority hazards, the Village tasked the Public Works Department and the Emergency Preparedness and Response Department with the following: Defining existing and future flooding issues, and Prioritizing flooding issues and improvement options

In conjunction with the sewer/flooding project, the Village implemented a three-pronged strategy: Conduct sewer/flooding studies and mitigation plans Complete a Hazard Vulnerability Analysis, and Incorporate the Village PlanIt Green philosophy into the overall MHMP

Incorporating Existing PlansThe following plans were reviewed and, where appropriate, incorporated into the Village MHMP Village of Oak Park Combined Sewer System Evaluation Study, 1994 Vulnerability Assessment, 2003 Village of Oak Park Water System Emergency Response Plan, June 2004 2007 Illinois Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan; 22

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2007 Cook County Storm Water Management Plan Village of Oak Park Combined Sewer System Review and Short-Term Improvement Projects Study, October 2011 2012 Illinois Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan Village of Oak Park Snow and Ice Plan, 2012 Village of Oak Park Emergency Operating Plan The Village of Oak Park Comprehensive Plan

Six general strategies of hazard mitigation activities were explored and are discussed in Chapter 3 of this MHMP. The strategies include: Preventive (e.g., zoning, building codes and other development regulations); Property Protection (e.g., relocation, building retrofits); Natural Resources Protection (e.g., preserving wetlands, minimizing sedimentation); Emergency Services (e.g., warning, response, evacuation); Flood Control Projects (e.g., flood proofing, upgrade infrastructure, regional detention); and Public Information (e.g., outreach, technical assistance).

Drafts of this plan were provided to the Village and community partners prior to adoption by the Village. It is important to note that the recommendations contained in this MHMP are only recommendations and it is up to the Village Council to implement them as they see fit. Where future plans are created, updated, or revised, the Village government will seek to incorporate the recommendations contained in this plan into future municipal planning where appropriate.

External Agency CoordinationBoth Federal and State agencies were contacted to ensure full coordination with external plans. Input from the following agencies was requested and obtained throughout this planning process: 1) Federal agencies Federal Emergency Management Agency, Region V; Housing and Urban Development 2) State agencies Illinois Emergency Management Agency; Illinois Environmental Protection Agency; 3) Regional Agencies Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago; and Oak Park Parks District. Oak Park Township

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CHAPTER 2 - RISK ASSESSMENTThe Village of Oak Park is subjected to various natural hazards throughout the year. In addition to those identified by the State (extreme heat, tornadoes, drought, severe storms, and severe winter storms), the Village has also identified flooding due to sewer backups as a hazard. These hazards are outlined below.

2.1 Severe Winter StormsAccording to IEMA, extreme winter weather is responsible for the deaths of hundreds of people in the United States each year, primarily due to vehicle crashes, fires from improper use of heaters, overexertion, and exposure. (http://ready.illinois.gov/during/winterstorms.htm). A severe winter storm is defined as A snowstorm that produces six inches of snow within 48 hours or less An ice storm which 10% of the cooperative National Weather Service Stations in Illinois report glaze, and/or A snowstorm or ice storm in which deaths, injuries, or property damage occurs.

Severe winters are characterized by either extremely cold periods for one to two months in duration, or by severe ice storms or heavy snowfalls occurring repeatedly over a period of six to twelve weeks. The Village of Oak Park is subject to lake effect snowstorms that develop from the passage of cold air over the relatively warm surface of Lake Michigan, which can cause heavy snowfall and blizzard conditions. Winter storms can occur as heavy snowfalls, ice storms or extreme cold temperatures. They can occur as a single event or they in combination, which can make an event more severe. For example, a moderate snowfall could create severe conditions if freezing rain and subsequent extremely cold temperatures followed it. The aftermath of a winter storm can impact a community or region for weeks, and even months, although improvements to infrastructure and public works agreements make this longer timeframe relatively unheard of in this area. Snow: Heavy snowfalls can range from large accumulations over many hours to blizzard conditions with blowing snow that could last several days. The National Weather Services snow classification is summarized in Table 2-1. In addition to the problems caused by a snowstorm, people must also be aware of the subsequent melting and possible flooding.

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TABLE 2-1: Summary of snow classifications by the National Weather Service Snow Classifications

Blizzard Blowing Snow

Winds of 35 miles per hour or more with snow and blowing snow, reducing visibility to less than mile for at least 3 hours.

Wind-driven snow that reduces visibility. Blowing snow may be falling snow and/or snow on the ground picked up by the wind. Brief, intense snow showers accompanied by strong, gusty winds. Snow Squalls Accumulation may be significant. Snow falling at varying intensities for brief periods of time. Some Snow Showers accumulation is possible. Snow Flurries Light snow falling for short duration with little or no accumulation. Source: National Weather Service Ice Storms: An ice storm occurs when freezing rain falls and freezes immediately upon impact. Freezing rain is found in between sleet and rain. It occurs when the precipitation falls into a large layer of warm air and then does not have time to refreeze in a cold layer (near or below 32F) before it comes in contact with the surface which is also near or below 32F.

Area ImpactedGiven the tendency for low temperatures, ice, and snow throughout the area, the entire Village is susceptible to severe winter storms.

Magnitude and SeverityCook County has been rated as severe for severe winter storms in the 2010 State Plan.

Historical EventsThe most recent winter storm to impact this area occurred February 1 and 2, 2011. Over twenty inches of snow fell during this storm which made it the third biggest storm in Chicago history. Due to the heavy snowfall and two accidents which shut down major off-ramps, hundreds of motorists were stranded on Lakeshore Drive. Some people were stuck in their cars for more than six hours and were not rescued by the fire department until late at night. Pictures taken the next day showed cars almost completely covered by drifts and it took several days to clear the road. Fortunately, less than ten people died as a result of this storm. One of the worst winter storms to impact the State was on January 26-27, 1967, when as much as 23 inches of snow fell on the Chicago area. Travel throughout northern Illinois was curtailed and areas to the south experienced a glaze of ice, which made travel virtually impossible until January 29. Fifty deaths were directly attributed to this storm. 25

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In 1979, a Federal snow emergency was declared when the northern third of the State received 6 inches or more of snowfall between January 12 and 14. The heaviest snowfall, up to 20 inches, was recorded in the northeast quarter of the State, where traffic was paralyzed and transportation corridors closed. The 1999 New Years Day storm resulted in record snowfall across the northern half of the State. High winds and frigid temperatures caused blizzard conditions behind the snowfall which left 21.6 inches in Chicago, second only to the 1967 January storm. From December 10 through December 31, 2000, the cumulative effects of severe winter storms caused extensive road closures, school closings and hazardous road conditions and severely taxed snow removal resources. During this time period, the Chicago area received a record 41.3 inches of snow. Cook County received Presidential disaster or emergency declarations for the winter storms of 1979, 1999, 2001, and 2011.

FrequencyDuring the 20th century, there were at least two severe winter storms in Illinois each year. Due to the geographic latitude, and its proximity to the Great Lakes, most of these would hit the Village of Oak Park. The probability of a severe winter storm may be slightly higher for the northern half of the State (occurring more severely and more often), but all of Illinois has a high probability of a severe winter storm. While it is impossible to predict with any accuracy the probability of a severe winter storm, it is a near certainty that each winter will produce at least one or two severe winter storms

VulnerabilitySafety: Winter storms bring hazardous driving and walking conditions and heart attacks due to exertion caused by shoveling snow. Even small accumulations of ice can be extremely dangerous to motorists and pedestrians. Bridges and overpasses are particularly dangerous because they freeze before other surfaces. About 70% of the injuries caused by snow and ice storms result from vehicle accidents and 25% occur to people caught out in the storm. As seen in the Table 2-2, 69 people were killed by snow, ice or extreme cold in Cook County from 2000 to 2008. Certain populations are especially vulnerable to the cold, including the elderly, the homeless, and low income families with heating problems. 26

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TABLE 2-2: Deaths/injuries due to winter storms reported in Cook County since 2000 Snow/Ice Extreme Cold Year Death Injury Death Injury 2000 0 0 0 0 2001 0 0 0 0 2002 0 0 0 0 2003 0 0 4 0 2004 0 0 13 0 2005 0 0 8 0 2006 0 0 8 5 2007 0 0 13 0 2008 0 0 23 0 2009 0 0 8 0 2010 0 0 13 0 2011 0 0 0 0

Overall safety hazard: Moderate Health Hazard: Winter storms bring extreme cold due to low temperatures and loss of heat during power outages. The effect on people is made more severe by the wind chill factor. Wind chill is reported as a temperature and is a measure of how wind and cold feel on exposed skin. As the wind increases, the bodys temperature is driven down as heat is carried away. Extreme cold can result in frostbite and hypothermia in both people and animals. Frostbite is damage to tissue caused by the effects of ice crystals that form in frozen tissue. Extremities with more circulation difficulties (hands, feet, nose, ears) are most frequently affected. Hypothermia is the lowering of the core body temperature. It is clinically significant when the body temperature is below 95F. Severe hypothermia occurs when the bodys temperature drops below 85F, resulting in unconsciousness and possibly death. Great care is needed to properly re-warm even mild cases of hypothermia. Overall health hazard: Moderate Economic: The major impacts of snow and ice storms on property are to utilities and roads. Power lines and tree limbs can be coated with heavy ice resulting in disrupted power and telephone service. Loss of power can cause businesses and stores to close until power is restored. Loss of access due to snow or ice covered roads has a similar effect. Since the Village is in a Northern climate, most people and businesses are prepared for the average winter storm. However, there is still a hefty public cost for snow removal, which was enough to trigger Presidential emergency declarations for Cook County for the snowstorms of 1999, 2001, and 2011. 27

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Potential LossesHistorically, roofs have collapsed due to heavy snow loads, but most buildings in the Village have been constructed with low temperatures, snow loads and ice storms in mind (e.g., good insulation and strong roofs). Winter storms do not have a major impact on buildings and houses. Since severe winter storms can occur at any time and over any part of the Village, all property in the Village is vulnerable.

2.2 Severe StormsSevere storms - thunderstorms - are most likely to occur in the spring and summer months during the afternoon and evening hours, but they can occur year round and at all hours. All thunderstorms produce lightning. According to FEMA, an average of 300 people are injured and 80 people are killed each year by lightning in the United States. Tornadoes, flash flooding, strong winds, hail, and microbursts are also associated with thunderstorms. Flash flooding is responsible for more than 140 fatalities per year, more than any other thunderstorm hazard. The effects of flooding and tornadoes caused by local storms are covered under separate chapters on sewer backups (Chapter 2.7) and tornadoes (Chapter 2.4). Thunderstorms occur when there is a collision of moist, warm air moving north from the Gulf of Mexico with colder fronts moving east from the Rocky Mountains. They may occur singly, in clusters, or in lines and in the course of hours it is possible for multiple storms to affect one location for an extended time. (2010 State Plan, Page III-11). Lightning, which occurs during all thunderstorms, can strike anywhere. Generated by the buildup of charged ions in a thundercloud, the discharge of a lightning bolt interacts with the best conducting object or surface on the ground and kills more people than tornadoes or hurricanes. Most lightning fatalities and injuries occur outdoors at recreation events and under or near trees. Illinois ranks high for lightning fatalities; from 1990 through 2003, lightning in Illinois has killed 24 people. As a result IEMA and NWS established the Lightning Safety Awareness Week as a public education project. (2010 State Plan, Page III-29) High winds produced during thunderstorms include downbursts and microbursts. These are strong, concentrated, straight-line winds created by falling rain and sinking air that can reach speeds of 125 mph (200 km/h). A downward rush of cool descending air causes microbursts from a thunderstorm. The air rushing to the ground may look like a cloud. Once the air strikes the ground at a high speed, the air has to go somewhere, which is usually in all directions. The horizontal spreading of this air along the ground is termed straight-line winds. These winds may be 100-150 miles per hour -- as strong as an EF2 or EF3 tornado. Hailstones are ice crystals that form within a low-pressure front due to warm air rising rapidly into the 28

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upper atmosphere and the subsequent cooling of the air mass. The size of hailstones is a direct function of the severity and size of the storm. Significant damage does not result until the stones reach 1.5 inches in diameter. This occurs in less than half of all hailstorms.

Area ImpactedAll counties in the State of Illinois are susceptible to severe storms; over 25% of the population in a county might experience a severe storm at any one time (2010 State Plan, Page III-11). Compared with other atmospheric hazards such as tropical cyclones and winter low-pressure systems, individual thunderstorms affect relatively small geographic areas. The average thunderstorm system is approximately 15 miles in diameter (75 square miles) and typically lasts less than 30 minutes at a single location. However, weather-monitoring reports indicate that coherent thunderstorm systems can travel intact for distances in excess of 600 miles. The entire Village is susceptible to severe storms.

Magnitude and SeverityGenerally, thunderstorms and their accompanying hazards do not warrant a disaster declaration or a lot of documentation. The National Weather Service classifies a thunderstorm as severe if its winds reach or exceed 58 mph, it produces a tornado, or it drops surface hail at least 0.75 inch in diameter. Of about 100,000 thunderstorms that occur annually in the United States, approximately 10 percent are classified as severe. Cook County has been rated as severe for severe storms in the 2010 State Plan.

Historical EventsStorms in July 1993 caused numerous flash flood events. Three to six inches fell over portions of Cook counties on July 18-19, 1993. Some 500 residents below an earthen dam were evacuated in McHenry County after officials expressed concerns the dam might break; fortunately the dam held. Hail occurs frequently in Illinois averaging 74 times a year or 3,951 times since 1950. There have been no deaths, but 23 injuries. Wind speeds of 50 knots were reported on September 22, 2006 with no damages and wind speeds of 60 knots were reported on August 23, 2007 with one injury and $50,000 in reported property damages (NCDC Storm Event Database). April 23, 1961, several six-inch hailstones were reported in Kankakee, IL. (2010 State Plan, Page III-25)

FrequencyOf about 100,000 thunderstorms that occur annually in the United States, approximately 10 percent are classified as severe. Illinois experiences 40 to 60 thunderstorm days per year (http://www.srh.noaa.gov/key/HTML/tstmhazards.htm) and thunderstorm events in the Cook County area occur on average 60 to 70 times per year (2011 Calumet City Hazard Mitigation Plan, 234). As stated above, over 25% of the population in a county might experience a severe storm at any 29

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one time; therefore, the Village is susceptible at any time during the storm season. According to the Illinois State Climatologists website, the average number of hail days in the Chicago area is 2.1 per year. Of the 3,951 times hail has occurred in Illinois since 1950, storms with hailstones greater than 2 inches occurred 327 times. Illinois experiences nearly 650,000 lightning strikes each year (2010 State Plan, Page III-25).

VulnerabilitySafety: The threat to life varies by the cause of death. Between 1995 and 2000, the National Weather Service reported that 20 people in Illinois were killed by flash floods, wind and lightning brought by thunderstorms (6 in Cook County). The number of deaths and injuries reported in Cook County are summarized in Table 2-2. The leading cause of death and injury in the County from thunderstorms is by lighting and high wind. Most of these deaths can be prevented through safe practices.TABLE 2-3: Deaths and injuries due to thunderstorms reported in Cook County since 2000 Lightning Wind Flash Flood

Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Death 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

Injury 1 1 1 1 0 1 2

Death 1 1 4 0 0 0 0

Injury 0 9 4 2 0 3 13

Death 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

Injury 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2007 0 1 1 3 2008 0 0 0 7 *There have been no reported deaths due to lightning since 2008

Lighting kills more people than tornadoes or hurricanes. Most lightning fatalities and injuries occur outdoors at recreation events and under or near trees. Nationwide it is estimated that 25 million cloud-to-ground lightning flashes occur each year, 1,000 people are injured and 80 are killed (2010 Illinois Hazard Mitigation Plan, page III-25). In the almost 40- year period from 1970 to 2008, death tolls and injuries from severe winds exceeded tornado deaths. In this period there was only one year for which the death tolls from tornadoes exceeded that of severe winds and only four years for which the number of reported injuries exceeded from tornadoes exceeded that of severe winds. (NCDC Storm Event Database). 30

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Hail occurs frequently in Illinois averaging 74 times a year and 3,951 times since 1950. There have been no deaths, but 23 injuries (2010 Illinois Hazard Mitigation Plan, page III-25). None of the reported injuries occurred in Cook County. Overall Safety Hazard: Moderate Health Hazard: No special health problems are attributable to thunderstorms, other than the potential for tetanus and other diseases that arise from injuries and damaged property. When lightning strikes a human being, serious burns or death are the common outcomes. For those who survive, their injuries can lead to permanent disabilities. 70% of the survivors suffer serious, long-term effects, such as memory loss, sleep disorders, depression, and fatigue. Overall health hazard: Low. Economic: Thunderstorms can impact transportation and utilities. Airplanes have crashed when hit by downbursts or lightning. Power lines can be knocked out by lightning or knocked down by wind and debris. Lightning can also cause power surges that damage appliances, electronic equipment and computers. However, many buildings have lightning rods and backup power systems that can recover quickly and the overall economic impact is low. Flash floods cause localized flooding problems that could impact transportation and business. Overall economic impact: Low to Moderate.

Potential LossesThunderstorm winds cause more damage year-to-year than tornadoes. In 1993, thirty-eight (38) thunderstorm events caused an estimated $5.0 million in damage (minimum estimate), while 34 tornadoes caused just over $1.5 million in damage (maximum estimate). The damages caused by high winds have been relatively consistent from year-to-year in the State. (2010 State Plan, Page III28) There is a potential for severe storms with high winds and hailstones greater than 0.75 inches, those of which cause the most damage, to occur in Glenview at any time during the storm season. Wind and water damage can result from flying debris and large hailstones breaking windows in buildings and vehicles. Lightning can cause direct damage to structures (especially those without lightning protection systems) and can cause fires that damage trees and structures. Straight-line winds can damage roofs, push autos off the road and possibly damage/destroy attached garages. Straight-line winds are the leading cause of wind related damage. Although they do not receive as much recognition as tornado events, high winds cause more damage year-to-year than tornadoes. (Calumet City Hazard Mitigation Plan, Page 2-30). Hail does extensive damage: property damage over $73 million in the last 53 years (2010 State 31

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Plan, Page III-29). One study of insured losses from hail found that 75% of the dollar damage resulting from hail storms was in damage to a structures roofing, 12% to awnings, 6% to exterior paint, 4% to glass and 3% to siding (Hail Loss Potential in the US, Page 2).

2.3 Extreme HeatExtreme heat for a region occurs when temperatures hover 10 degrees or more above the average high temperature for several days to several weeks. While definitions do vary by region, a heat wave is normally defined as a period of at least three consecutive days above 90 degrees. Heat kills by elevating the normal bodys temperature above its limits for a prolonged period of time. The bodys internal thermostat normally produces perspiration that evaporates to cool and regulate the bodys temperature to 98.6 degrees. Sweating does nothing to cool the body unless the sweat is removed by evaporation. High humidity retards this process. Because the body has been robbed of its ability to cool itself, the body must work much harder to maintain a normal temperature in extreme heat and high humidity. Sunburn also slows the skins ability to release excess heat. Stagnant atmospheric (humid and muggy) conditions and poor air quality can induce heat-related illnesses. In addition to air quality, concrete and asphalt store heat longer and gradually release the heat at night, which produces higher nighttime temperatures. Therefore, people living in urban areas may be at a greater risk than people in rural regions. The heat index is a measure of the air temperature in relation to the relative humidity and is used o to indicate the perceived temperature. For example, a temperature of 90 F combined with a relative o humidity of 85% equates to a heat index (or perceived temperature) of 115 F. Prolonged exposure to conditions with high heat indexes can cause heat stroke or sunstroke. Table 2-4 summarizes the medical problems that might be experienced by high-risk groups when exposed to different values of heat index.TABLE 2-4: Possible heat disorders for people in higher risk groups for ranges of heat index Heat Index Possible Heat Disorders for People in Higher Risk Groups

130F or higher 106 - 130F 90 - 108F 80 - 90F

Heat stroke/sun stroke, highly likely with continued exposure. Sun stroke/heat cramps or heat exhaustion likely, and heat stroke possible with prolonged exposure and/or physical activity. Sun stroke, heat cramps and heat exhaustion possible with prolonged exposure and/or physical activity. Fatigue possible with prolonged exposure and/or physical activity

Heat related medical symptoms experienced include heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke, and sunstroke and are summarized below: 32

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Heat Cramps Muscular pains and spasms due to heavy exertion. Although heat cramps are the least severe of heat related medical problems, they are often the first signal that the body is having trouble handling and distributing the heat. Heat Exhaustion Typically occurs when people exercise heavily or work in a hot, humid place where body fluids are lost through heavy sweating. Blood flow to the skin increases, causing blood flow to decrease to the vital organs. This results in a form of mild shock. If not treated, the victims condition will worsen. Body temperature will keep rising and the victim may suffer heat stroke. Heat Stroke Heat stroke (aka, sunstroke) is life-threatening. The victims temperature control system, which produces sweating to cool the body, stops working. The body temperature can get so high that brain damage and death may result if the body is not cooled quickly.

Area ImpactedThe average annual high temperatures in northern Illinois are in the 80s. Extreme heat can occur anywhere in the Village during summer months. Therefore, the entire Village is susceptible to extreme heat conditions.

Magnitude and SeverityCook County has been rated as high for extreme heat in the 2010 State Plan.

Historical EventsA total of 583 fatalities were associated with heat waves in July 1995, a number previously unseen in the State of Illinois from such a phenomenon. Throughout the entire State, the combination of record or near record high temperatures and high dewpoint temperatures led to heat indices routinely above the 120 degrees from July 12-17 of that year. The heat index peaked at 125 degrees on July 14 when the air temperature was 98 degrees and the relative humidity was 63%. Conditions such as these create hardships for respiratory and cardiovascular systems of every person, especially in toddlers and the elderly. Of the 583 fatalities associated with the July 1995 Illinois heat wave, 75 death certificat

Oak Park Mult-Hazard Mitigation Plan

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