OA2020 initiative for the large-scale transformation of ... · PDF filePoli-cies Reposi-tories...

OA2020 – initiative for the large-scale

transformation of the subscription system

Dr Ralf Schimmer, Max Planck Digital Library

Leveraging the power of institutional budgets and research

outputs to secure the economic benefits of Open Access

1

Agenda

13:00 Welcome and opening host remarks

13:15 Data drivers and policy rationale behind OA2020

14:00 Economic leverage and framework of OA2020

14:45 Break

15:15 Taking publisher negotiations to a new level:

combining subscription licenses with open access

16:00 Developing OA workflows:

MPDL experience and ESAC best practices

16.45 Summary & wrap up

conceptual framework

organizational framework

practical approach

workflow considerations

Data drivers and policy rationale behind

the OA2020 Initiative

Dr Ralf Schimmer, Max Planck Digital Library

1. Key observations behind OA2020

3

Lack of significant progress in the OA movement

4

Open Access is (exceptionally) strong as a principle

─ cf. the many resolutions, policies, guidelines etc.

…but still fairly weak as a practice

─ only 14-15% immediately OA

─ subscription system as prosperous as ever for publishers

(Lehman Brothers did more damage to publisher revenues than OA so far)

The key question

What does it take to make Open Access the

default in scholarly communication?

We may tolerate being 15% away from 100%.

But we simply cannot accept being only 15%

away from 0%.

5

6

Standard OA indicators

a) Directory of Open Access Repositories

http://www.opendoar.org

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b) Directory of Open Access Journals

http://www.doaj.org

cf. “Dramatic Growth of Open Access 2015 first quarter“ by Heather Morrison,

http://poeticeconomics.blogspot.de/2015/04/dramatic-growth-of-open-access-2015.html

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c) Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies

http://roarmap.eprints.org/

Biomed Central

PLOS

SCOAP3

PubMed Central

OA mandates

Repositories

University Presses/OJS

Community journal initiatives (e.g. LINGOA)

Cooperative models

arXiv

OA effects on the paywall system

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10


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14% of content is immediately OA

4% of revenues go to OA (96% subscriptions)

After more than a decade of global effort, paywall access

and the subscription system are as prosperous as ever

OA has been a story of trying to activate researchers

e s e a r c h e r R

12


OA

Jour-

nals

Poli-

cies Reposi-

tories Publi-

cation

funds Man-

dates

e s e a r c h e r R

Through a variety of measures such as advocacy, mandates and

support efforts the researchers should be moved to OA

13


OA

Jour-

nals

Poli-

cies Reposi-

tories Publi-

cation

funds Man-

dates

e s e a r c h e r R



14


OA

Jour-

nals

Poli-

cies Reposi-

tories Publi-

cation

funds Man-

dates

e s e a r c h e r R



15

How about a new activation energy?

Nature

SCIENCE eLife

e s e a r c h e r R

Through switching the business model of the existing corpus of journals

OA shall be brought to the researchers

PLOS

CELL

16


Nature

SCIENCE eLife

e s e a r c h e r R



PLOS

CELL

17


Nature

SCIENCE eLife

e s e a r c h e r R



PLOS

CELL

18

Bringing OA to the natural habitat of researchers

Not the researchers shall change but the publishing system,

and in particular the underlying business model

Nature

SCIENCE eLife PLOS

CELL

19

2. The idea of OA2020

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About OA2020

Open Access 2020 is an international initiative

that aims to induce the swift, smooth and

scholarly-oriented transformation of today’s

scholarly journals from subscription to open

access publishing.

21

Proposing an orderly transition

Open Access on a large scale can only be

accomplished if and as soon as we change the

business model of the existing scholarly journals and

leave the subscription system behind.

The pursued disruptions would affect only the

underlying cash flows, rather than the publishing

process itself or the roles of journals and publishers.

22

The power of our spending decisions

23

OA2020 is based on the principle that we, as research

communities, hold the key to success.

By virtue of our own spending decisions we can drive

Open Access into the system.

Exposing the financial demographics of the scholarly

publishing system (cf. 2015 White Paper)

─ there is enough money in the system

─ through the subscription system we are putting in the

range of $5,000 per research paper on the table

http://dx.doi.org/10.17617/1.3



Enough money in the system

24

Changing tactics to achieve new robustness

m a n d a t e f o r o u r m o n e y

We don’t need further mandates for researchers

w e n e e d a

25

7.6 bn EUR

Remaining subscription

budget 10%(~0.8 bn EUR)

Open Access volume:

~14% of articles;

~4% of budget

Global level view

26

Transformation means re-allocation of budgets and

conversion of journals and processes

Today‘s global subscription market >> today‘s open access market

Global

subscription journal

budget

7.6 bn EUR p.a.

(≥3,800 EUR/article)

7.6 bn EUR

Remaining subscription

budget 10%(~0.8 bn EUR)

Open Access volume:

~13% of articles;

~4% of budget

Global level view

27

Transformation means re-allocation of budgets and

conversion of journals and processes

2.8 bn EUR buffer for

new & improved

services etc.

(without remaining

subscriptions)

Global

open access journal

base budget

4 bn EUR p.a.

(2,000 €/article)

Assuming 90% conversion

Summarizing the programmatic goal of OA2020

“The time is ripe for the global research community to accelerate the transition to

o p e n a c c e s s .

We have the crucial opportunity to transform the underlying business model of journal

publishing while protecting the financial viability and core functionalities of the publishing

system at large. Ultimately, all subscription spending must be stopped: this is the simple

culmination of the incremental steps of the past decade.

The significant savings can then be reinvested for the co-creation of a range of publishing

services that will truly serve the scholarly endeavors of the 21st century.”

taken from: Max Planck Digital Library Open Access Policy White Paper: “Disrupting the subscription journals’

business model for the necessary large-scale transformation to open access”. http://dx.doi.org/10.17617/1.3 (28 April

2015)

accompanying data publication: “Number of scholarly articles per country. Data on Web of Science listed articles and

reviews 2004-2013”. http://dx.doi.org/10.17617/1.2 (28 April 2015)

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http://dx.doi.org/10.17617/1.3 (28


3. Additional data evidence

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74% 73% 72% 72% 71% 70% 69% 69% 68% 67%

Share of publications

with a corresponding

author from Germany Data according to Palzenberger, M. (2015). Number of Scholarly Articles per Country. http://dx.doi.org/10.17617/1.2

Germany

Number of articles p.a. 70,673 papers x 2,000 € = ~ 141.3m €

70,673 papers x 1,300 € = ~ 91.9m €

Publication volumes and correspondig author shares

Articles and reviews in Web of Science

76.980 78.966 81.205 84.512

88.127 91.555

96.280 100.198

103.666 104.923

56.994 57.952 58.831 60.668 62.618 64.100 66.774 68.905 70.243 70.673

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

total

corresponding

OA Transformation, 2014 calculation span

73% 72% 73% 71% 70% 69% 69% 67% 64% 63%

Share of publications

with a corresponding

author from South

Africa Data according to Palzenberger, M. (2015). Number of Scholarly Articles per Country. http://dx.doi.org/10.17617/1.2

South Africa

Number of articles p.a. 7,566 papers x 2,000 € = ~ 15.1m €

7,566 papers x 1,300 € = ~ 9.8m €

Publication volumes and corresponding author shares

Articles and reviews in Web of Science

4.804 5.452

6.122

6.955 7.640

8.177

9.497 10.256

10.925

11.948

3.496 3.915

4.451 4.937

5.341 5.653

6.525 6.837 7.024 7.566

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

total

corresponding

OA Transformation, 2014 calculation span

Rare high budget

publications

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Cost stratification in the publishing system:

OA Gold Publishing

Enhanced marketing

Enhanced branding

Digests (press releases)

Presentation in social

media

Organization of proper

review

Technical platform

Archiving

Frequent low cost publ.

State-of-the-art indexing,

keywording, formatting

Image editing

Basic marketing

Cost monitoring I

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Cost stratification in the publishing system:

Hybrid Publishing vs OA Gold

Hybrid OA Gold

Cost monitoring II

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Collecting APC evidence via the OpenAPC Initiative

Open APC Offsetting data set

http://treemaps.intact-

project.org/apcdata/offsetting/

Open APC

http://treemaps.intact-

project.org/apcdata/openapc/ (e.g. Germany)

Universities and research institutions globally are invited to contribute their APC

expenditure data to Open APC in order to build up a comprehensive data set that allows

for extensive analyses and fosters transparency on the evolving APC market.

Cost monitoring III

http://treemaps.intact-project.org/apcdata/offsetting/




http://treemaps.intact-project.org/apcdata/openapc/




https://treemaps.intact-project.org/apcdata/openapc/#institution/country=DEU

4. Symptoms of a deteriorating system

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SciHub – the ‘Napster moment’ for publishing

http://31.184.194.81/

http://31.184.194.81/

http://31.184.194.81/

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1 John Bohannon: Who’s downloading pirated papers? Everyone, in: Science Mag, Apr. 28, 2016.

http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/04/whos-downloading-pirated-papers-everyone

Going to SciHub is not only an act of necessity! It is an expression of convenience!

SciHub:

Holding a painful lesson for libraries and publishers












The publishing system as we know it

Opening the eyes to a deteriorating system

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Publishers & libraries together desperately stabilize a disintegrating anachronistic

system that is not needed and wanted anymore in a 21st century environment

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Exposing the nakedness of the subscription system

The Emperor's New Clothes, a fairy tale by Hans Christian Andersen, Denmark (1837)

1 https://41.media.tumblr.com/0e1dbf83f053703568913d04a526fcb1/tumblr_inline_o3m3oc2kCO1sxr3js_540.jpg

https://41.media.tumblr.com/0e1dbf83f053703568913d04a526fcb1/tumblr_inline_o3m3oc2kCO1sxr3js_540.jpg



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Isn’t SciHub exposing the nakedness of the ruler just as the little girl did in

Andersen’s fairy tale? Can we really do business as usual now that we know this?

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Lessons from SciHub, ResearchGate, OAfindr,

oaDOI, Unpaywall et al.

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The current paywall system is undeniably outdated and

dysfunctional

─ not providing sufficient user experience

How can we rationalize and justify continued

investment in the current system?

─ more and more alternatives out there

─ less risky to move away from subscriptions than

ever before

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Time to unplug the system

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We need to discontinue the subscription system and to find new ways to

finance the publishing services that are wanted and needed in the 21st century

48


We need to discontinue the subscription system and to find new ways to

finance the publishing services that are wanted and needed in the 21st century

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