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• . - -a STUDIES QMS FRESH WATER ALGAE.
In my studies of fresh water algae the chief aims were:^ to gain knowledge of their structure, development and habitats; to learn of their classification; and to become familiar with the methods of collecting and preserving.
COLLECTIONS. I began collecting in Sept., 1895, and contin­ ued until May, 1896. I went out very often during September, Oc­ tober and November; about once in two to four weeks throughout December, January, February, March and April; often again in May, not collecting every time I went out, but always noticing the gen­ eral appearance and amount with respect to the time of year. I found the algae usually visible to the naked eye, as they are al­ most invariably collected in large masses floating on the surface, submerged just beneath the surface, or attached in waving tufts or fringes to stones, sticks, etc. in slow running streams, pools, ponds and most all stagnant waters. The abundance of algae seemed to vary in different vicinities within the same county and on the same date. At least I found this to be the case in the vicinities of Urbana, Champaign, St. Joe and Mahomet where I did most of my collecting. Some algae were obtained from other places, one of which is the Illinois river at Havana.
But few collecting tools are needed. A dipper, or large spoon, or sometimes even a stick will do to fish the algae out of the water; then one needs a few bottles to carry the treasures home, after which they may be studied immediately, or preserved and then studied later. Y/hen studied immediately I examined them
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carefully under the microscope, learned their characteristics,' took the measurements of the filaments, cells, spores, etc., and with this knowledge determined them by referring to certain author -ities as I will explain later. I also studied those which were preserved in the same manner, except more careful study was neces­ sary, as the specimens were not so perfect as when fresh.
PRESERVATION. This was accomplished in two ways; viz,- 1. Dry preservation. 2. Liquid preservation. Dry preservation is obtained by mounting the algae on stiff paper cards. The tools used are a basin with flat bottom, which is longer and wider than the mounting cards, and which has a small hole in it; a piece of window glass, or any sheet glass large enough to almost cover the bottom of the basin; a wooden plug to fit the hole in the basin, (the hole must be near the side or end at the bottom so that the plug can be taken out or put in while the glass is in the basin); and finally the drying apparatus. Now when we have the basin with the hole plugged, the piece of glass in position and the card on the glass, where it is made to stick by moistening it, water is poured into the basin until it just covers the card, and the fresh alga to be mounted is placed on the card, and spread out as finely as possible. Then the plug is removed, the water runs off and the alga is nicely arranged on the card. The card is now laid on a drying paper, algae-covered side up, and covered with a linen cloth and over this is placed another drying paper. Place all this between two boards, apply a light weight and in twenty four hours the specimen is dry and firmly adheres to the paper on which it was mounted. This way of preservation was only fairly success-
ful. The specimens retained their color in excellent shape, but the contents of the cells were inclined to shrink, especially in Spirogyra.
Liquid preservation is obtained by putting the alga in acids or other preserving liquids. Those preservatives which I used were one half per cent chromic acid, two per cent formalin, two per cent carbolic acid and two per cent copper acetate. The spec­ imens are kept in the liquids in tightly corked bottles. Before placing the algae in carbolic acid and copper acetate it was allowed to stand three minutes in two per cent acetic acid; this was to fix the structure. With the other preservatives the algae was put in at once without any previous fixing. Preserved thus the algae are ready for study at any future time. These ways of liquid preservation were more than fairly successful. With the formalin the trials were almost always a perfect success; with carbolic acid and copper acetate the only defect was that the cell contents tended to shrink a little; and with chromic acid the al­ gae lost color almost entirely, but the structure kept in good shape. Several experiments as to the effect of light on the spec­ imens after being in the preservatives showed some interesting facts. Specimens in three per cent formalin mixed with two per cent carbolic acid, also those in two per cent acetic acid mixed with three per cent formalin and those in three percent formalin retained their color nicely in the dark but in the light of the sun the color was almost completely lost in two or three days.
DISTRIBUTION. Some species were found much more abundant
than others and. each genus seemed to be more common at certain seasons than at others. In general algae were exceedingly scarce in this vicinity last fall and throughout the winter.
Spirogyra. The genus which was most abundant in the fall re­ mained so throughout the winter. About November the cold weather seemed to effect the algae in general and some seemed to die while others sank to the bottom'of the ponds or streams seemingly for protection from the cold. The color seemed to fade as winter came on and in some cases the algae were very pale. When the creeks and ponds were frozen up living algae were often seen in the mid­ dle of the frozen sheets of ice. Rains were destructive to their growth, as after a heavy rain they were washed out, perhaps on the banks where they would be left to dry up and die, or were carried down with the stream to other localities. Winds also produce this effect to a certain degree. During my time of study (September to May inclusive) reproduction was not taking place to any great ex­ tent. I found very few species fruiting last fall, practically none in the winter, and though most in the month of May, but few even then. I found Oedogonium and Spirogyra in fruit more than any other genera.
CLASSIFICATION. I followed the arrangement of N.Wille in Engler and Prantl’s work, "Die naturlichen Planzenfamilien" with respect to the groups, families and genera, with the exception of the family Cyanophyceae and the genera Protococcus and Staursper- mium, for these I referred to "Wolle's Fresh Water Algae." I translated the descriptions of those genera, which were given in
the German work into English; in the case of the genus Vaucheria whose description' is the same as the family, I simply translated the family characteristics and from that arranged a general de­ scription. The generic descriptions which I took from "Wolle’s Fresh Water Algae" were simply copied. The determination and de­ scription of the species were made by myself. In determining I referred to Wolle’s. The specific descriptions I made according to an outline arranged by myself. In this outline I included the characteristics of all fresh water algae, but in describing a species of course it was necessary to use only those characteris­ tics which would apply. I always kept them in their respective order, however. I used the binomial system of citing authority when the generic name had been changed from that originally given it. Synonyms were from "Wolle’s Fresh Water Algae", "Cooke’s Fresh Water Algae", "Wood’s History of Fresh Water Algae", and "Rabenhorst’s European Algae." They were taken directly without finding where they were first given, as the literature at hand was not sufficient for such reference. In the classification which follows species are merely arranged alphabetically under the genera.
A. Class CONJUGATAE. I. Family DESMIDIACEAE.
1. CLOSTERIUM Nitzsch. (Vibrio, Muller, Lunulina, Bory; Muelleria, LeClere; Arthrodia, Rafinesque; Stauroceras, Ag.) Cells bent into a crescent shape, or sometimes S shaped, both ends
pointing one way, or in opposite directions, spindle-formed, without a cleft in the centre, ends round, with two large similar vacuoles in the colorless protoplasm, one at each end. The mem­ brane is smooth or with longitudinal ridges. The axillary chro- matophor consists of ray formed, diverging chlorophyll plates, which are united to a common central piece and are in some species somewhat spirally curved. The pyrenoids are in one row in most species, but in several rows in some. The zygospore is formed in the copulation canal in some species, and when it is so it has its shape rounded, oval, star-shaped, or four-cornered; in another species it is fotir-cornered with corners which spring out from these; the empty membrane surrounds the copulating cells for a long time. Double zygospores are found in some species. Both germs of the zygospore at first form a round germ cell, which es- dapes through a crevice in the membrane of the zygospore. Ninety- five species have been found occuring in all parts of the world.
1. C. ehrenbergii Menegh.(See"Wolle*s Desmids of U.S." p 45 Forming light green masses in bottom of stagnant water
Single cells with upper margin very convex, lower margin ventricosely inflated; and rounded; chlorophyll granu­ lar; diameter, central about 70 micron and about 7 times as long. Fruiting spores not noticed.
13008, Sept. 18, light green mass attached to bottom, abundant, Urbana.
Scarce in this vicinity at this time of year. Was preserved dry and in l/2$f chromic acid. Kept poorly in acid, fairly good dry.
2. C. acerosum (Schrank)Ehrb. (See"Wolle's Desmids of U.S."p4l) Forming dark brown scum on bottom of stagnant water,
pools often in blotches of l/2 inch in diameter, radiat­ ing outward from a common centre. Single cells.slightly curved, slightly tapering towards the ends; apicies ob­ tusely rounded and transparent; chlorophyll arranged in a simple axillary series; diameter about 35 micron, 7/8 times as long.
13069, Nov. 18, dark brown scum in bottom of stagnant water, abundant, Urbana.
Was preserved in two per cent formalin and two per cent copper acetate, also dry. In first two kept well; dry kept color well, but not good for study. This species was found in shady places only.
II. Family CONJUGATAE.
1. STAUROSPERMUM,Kg. Filaments geniculate, zygospores short cylindrical, in front view quadrangular; in lateral view narrow, elliptical, between the truncated corners of usually four sessile lateral cells. Cells often twenty times longer than broad.
1. S. viride Kg.(See"Wolle's Fresh Water Algae" p 234.) Staurocarpus gracilis Hass.(See"Wolle's F. W. A."p 234
” virescens n w w w w w w ?? tt aff inis M w w tt » w w ?»
Staurospermum franconicum Reinsch. (SeeMW f s F.Y/«A.”p234
Forming dark green masses of considerable size, which float. Filaments geniculate. Zygospores, in front view quadrangular; and at each corner of the quadrangle is in­ serted, or seemingly attached a filament, or a cell at the end of a filament. In this case sides more or less deeply incurved. Diameter of filament about 7 micron.
13084, May 1. A collection sent over from Quiver lake Havana.
These species are very scarce. Preserved in two per cent formalin, in the form of a slide.
III. Family ZYGNEMACEAE.
1. ZYGNEMA (Ag.) D.B. (Tyndaridea, Bory; Diadena, Pal. d.B.; Lucenaria, Ross.; Globulina, Link.; Stellulina, Link.; jugnema, Link.; Thivaitestia, Mont.) Cells cylindrical, as long as broad, or more seldom two to five times as lonh as broad. Cross peti­ tions of uniform thickness; two axillary, many rayed chromato- phores of which each possess a pyrenoid; nucleus lying between the chromatophores. Conjugation occurs between two different fila­ ments, or between two adjacent cells of the same filament without any apparent distinction into male and female cells. Zygospore, which is formed in the copulating canal, or in one of the copulat -ing cells, possesses a colored, smooth or pitted middle membrane, and a smooth or roughened, colored outer membrane. The first cell formed by the germination of a zygospore is similar at either end, contains twenty five species, which are found in all parts of the
world
1. Z. cruciatum Ag. (See"Wolle's Fresh Water Algae” p 224) Conjugata cruciata Vauch.(See"¥,s. F.W.A." p 224) Tyndaridea " Hass. " " " " " Conferva bipunctata Dillu. " " " " " Zygnema Dillwyni Kg. " ” " ” "
" bipunctotum Johnst. " Cooke's " " 7 9 . Forming light green scums in stagnant water. Fila­
ment simple. Sterile cells with diameter 44 - 47 micron; 1 to l-l/2 times as long; have two axiled, many rayed chlorophyll bodies standing near the cell nucleus. Fruit -ing not noticed.
13020, Sept. 27, pure green material in stagnant water where the sun did not shine in full strength, Urbana.
Mounted or preserved in two per cent copper acetate, satisfactorily; in one half per cent chromicunsatis­ factorily.
2. Z. stellium Ag.(See "Wolle's Fresh Water Algae" p 223.) Forming a light green, interwoven mass in pond. Fil­
ament simple. Sterile cells with axillary, many rayed chlorophyll bodies standing near the central cell nu­ cleus; diameter 30 to 35 micron, 1-3/4 to 3 times as long Fruiting not noticed.
13020, Sept. 27, light green mass in pond, Urbana.
2. SPIROGYRA Link. (Salmacis, Bory; Choapsis, Gray incl.
Sirogonium, Kg.; Rhynchonema, Kg.) Cells cylindrical, as a rule 3 to 10 times as long as wide; partition wall the same thickness throughout; or with a banded appearance. One or several chromato- phores arranged in more or less steep spiral bands which contain several pyrenoids; the nucleus is hung in the middle of the cell. Copulation occurs between two filaments or two dontiguous cells of the same filament. Sometimes in a filament there are found as many fertile cells as there are sterile. Zygospores are never formed in the copulating canal of the filaments; their middle mem­ brane is colored, smooth or pitted; their outer smooth or pitted. The cell first formed by the germination of the zygospores is more or less club shaped. Contains seventy species, which are found in all parts of the world.
1. S. quinina (Ag) Kg. (See Wolle’s"Fresh Water Algae"p213 Zygnema quinimum Ag. ” " " ” " Conjugata condensata Vauch " " " " " Zygnema quinimum Hass.(See Cooke’s " ” p 89 Spirogyra porticalis Petit " " " " P 98 Spirogyra quinimum Kg. (See " " " " Conferva spiralis Dillu. " ” n n " Zygnema spiralis Eng. " " " " " Conjugata quinima Gray. " " ” " " Zygnema quinimum Alg. (See Rabenhorst " " p 240)
Forming deep green masses with a slippery feeling. Sterile cells with ends not replicate, chlorophyll band single, making from 2 to 5 turns in a cell; diameter 35
to 45 micron, 1 to 2-l/2 times as long. Fertile cells not found.
13075, Jan. 29, floating against dam in lake water, Urbana; 13076, Jan. 29 and 13077, Jan. 29, sticking to rocks, sticks in lake just above dam, Urbana; 13078, Jan. 29, just below dam of Jake near bank floating in quiet water, Urbana.
These forms are found at all seasons. The different cells in the same filament vary somewhat; i.e. there may be more than one spiral in some cells. Preserved in two .per cent formalin.and kept well.
2. S. mirabile Hass. (See Wolle's"Fresh Water Algae" p 211) Zygnema mirabile Hass. " " " " " " Spirogyra mirabile Kg. " " " " " "
Light green masses, floating. Sterile cells with ends not replicate; chlorophyll band single making from 3 to 6 turns ih a cell; diameter 26 to 28 micron, 3 to 6 times as long. Fertile cells not found.
13006, Sept. 18, floating on stagnant water, Urbana; 13044, Oct. 12, mixed with S rivularies in running water, attached Mahomet; 13048, Oct. 12, floating in still water Mahomet.
I collected this species the dates mentioned above, and found it abundant each time. Was preserved in two percent copper acetate, and two per cent carbolic, kept well in first but poorly in the later.
3. S. fluviatilis Hilse.(See Wolle’s "Fresh Water Algae"p216) Forming large masses of a deep green color, floating
in still yet medium clear water. Sterile cells with ends not replicate; chlorophyll bands dark green, broad, and generally 4 in number, making 1 to 2-l/2 turns in each cell; diameter 36 to 38 micron, 4 to 6 times as long. Fertile cells not foiind.
13009, Sept. 23, floating on surface of still water, but supported by dead leaves and sticks, Urbana; 13036, Oct. 10, floating in clear standing creek water, but at­ tached to bottom abundant, Urbana; 13048, Oct. 12, light green mass, but thie was on account of being mixed with S. Mirabile, floating in still water near bank, Mahomet; 13065, Nov. 1, floating on stagnant water, Urbana.
The record of the fruiting of this specie, as given in Wolle's Fresh Water Algae, is probably the first ever made. Specie generally abundant on dates collected. Preserved in two per cent copper acetate and two per cent carbolic acid, kept well.
4. S. Various (Hass) Kg. (See Wolle•s"Fresfe Zygnema various Hass. " " " Rhynchonema woodsii Kg. " " Zygnema abbreviatum Hass. " " Spirogyra arcta Kg. (See " " Spirogyra modosa Kg. " " " Spirogyra ventricosa Kg. " "
Water Algaenp216) ft If ft
it « it
tf tt tt ft if ft
Forming dark green masses in clear standing creek water. Sterile cells with ends not replicate; chloro­ phyll bands single, margins somewhat dentate, makes 2-l/2 to 4 turns in a cell; diameter 26 to 30 micron, 2 to 3 times as long. Fertile cells not found.
13036, Oct. 10, floating in clear standing creek water scarce, Urbana.
In this species some of the cells are swollen, and for this reason it has had many different names. Was preserv -ed in two per cent copper acetate and two pe r cent car­ bolic acid, kept well.
5. S. rivularis Rab. (See Wolle's "Fresh Water Algae" p 220 Zygnema rivulare Hass. " * " " " Spirogyra rivularis Hass.(See Cook's " " " 90
Forming dark green masses which have a slippery feeling; sometimes attached to dead or living vegetation, but generally floating in stagnant water. Sterile cells with ends concave; chlorophyll bands generally 3, some­ times 2 or 4 in number, laxly arranged, moderately nar­ row, modose and making l-l/2 to 3 turns in a cell; diam­ eter of cell 33 to 45 micron, 7 to 10 times as long. Fertile cells not found.
13019, Sept. 27, small masses in stagnant water, seem­ ingly attached to dead vegetation, neither scarce nor plentiful, Urbana; 13023, Sept.23, floating on stagnant water, abundant, Urbana; 13037, Oct. 10, attached to
growing vegetation in clear, standing creek water, Urbana 13044, Oct. 12, attached to rocks near bank, but floating to surface abundant, Mahomet; 13049, Oct. 12, attached to log in still water at edge of river, abundant, Mahomet; 13050, Oct.12, floating in flowing water, abundant, Ma­ homet; 13056, Oct.29, floating in as large masses in stagnant water, abundant, Urbana; 13057, Oct.29, floating masses on stagnant water, scarce, Urbana; 13058, Oct.29, floating masses on stagnant water, scarce, Urbana; 13065, Nov.l, floating masses on stagnant water, abundant, Ur­ bana; 13067, Nov.18, under water in a mass in k stagnant water pools, abundant, Urbana.
In this species there are exceptions to the regularity in the number of spirals even of the same filament. Some filaments have three filaments in most cells, while in other cells there are two or perhaps four. By Wolle I learn that this species is distributed in flowing wat­ ers from New York to Florida. Was preserved in four dif­ ferent preservatives:-two per cent copper acetate, two per cent carbolic acid, two per cent carbolic acid, one half per cent chromic acid, and two per cent formalin. Kept well in formalin and carbolic acid, fairly good in copper acetate, poor in chromic acid.
6. S. majuscula Kg. (SeeMWolle,s Fresh Water Algae” p 221) Spirogyra orthospira Naeg.(W's. " " ” ” "
Pole green algae scattered through the stagnant
v/ater of ponds. Sterile cells with ends straight; chlo­ rophyll bands laxly arranged, nodose, 3, 5 or more in num­ ber, making about 1 1/2 turns to the cell; diameter of cells 47-65 micron, 3-5 times as long. Fertile cells not found.
13018, Sept. 27, masses in pond, abundant, Urbana. This species preserved in two per cent copper acetate
. and two pdr cent carbolic acld;r kept well. 7. S. nitida(Dillw) Link. (See"Wolle?s Fresh Water Algae»p217)
conferva nitida Dillw. " " " " " " conjugata princeps Vauch" " " " " " zygnema nitidium Ag. " ” " " " "
w rostratum Hoss. " " " " " ” Spirogyra diluta Wood. " " n n n «
" princeps Cleve" " w " " " • nitida Kg. " » " " " "
Forming dark green masses floating in stagnant water. Sterile cells with ends straight; chlorophyll bands 3 to 4 in number, generally 4, moderately broad, making 1 l/2 to 4 turns in each cell; diameter 56-74 micron, 1-3 times as long. Fertile cells not found.
13018, Sept. 27, floating in stagnant water, abundant, Urbana; 13055, Oct. 29, seemingly lodged against log which extended across stream, Urbana; 13065, Nov. 1, floating in stagnant water, abundant, Urbana.
This species is slippery to touch, and is somewhat rare in America, according to "Word's fresh water algaa".
Was preserved in two per cent carbolic acid, two per cent formalin, one-half per cent chropatic acid. Kept well in first two, poor in the last.
8. S.setiformis(Roth)Kg.(See"Woll^s Fresh Water Algae"p219) Conferva setiformis Roth" " " " " " Zygnema interruptum Hass" " " " " "
Forming deep green, slippery masses which were floating in stagnant water. Sterile cells with ends straight; chlorophyll hands, dentate, modose, sometimes densely ar­ ranged, generally lax, several in number, making about one turn in a cell; diameter 128-163 micron, 1 l/2-3 times as long. Fertile cells not found.
13029, Oct. 4, floating in stagnant water of stream, abundant, St. Joe.
According to"Wood's Freah Water Algae", the number of spirals of this species has never been definitely stated. Was preserved in tv/o per cent copper acetate, and two per cent carbolic acid; kept well.
9. S.crassa Kg. ( See"Wolle's Fresh Water Algae"p21$)
Zygnema Serratum Hass " " " " " " Spfcrogyra heeriana(Naeg.)Kg. " " " " "
Forming dark green masses, and floating in stagnant water. Sterile cells with ends straight; chlorophyll bands; dentate, thin, but dense in arrangement; diameter 140-175 micron, 1-2 times as long. Fertile cells not found.
13029, Oct. 4, floating in stagnant water, abundant,
mixed with S. setiformia and this might have some effect on color of the S. crassa masses, St. Joe.
In this species the filamentous walls are so thick, and the spirals so closely arranged, and numerous, that I could not possibly tell the number of spirals nor the number of turns made. Preserved in two per cent copper .acetate,'and two per cent carbolic acid; kept well.
10.S. spreciana Rab. (See "Wolle’s Fresh Water Algae” p 208) Forming a floating mass in stagnant water,of medium
green color. Sterile cells with ends replicate; chlo­ rophyll bands, slender, single,lax and making 4 to 6 turns in a cell; diameter about 21 micron, 13 to 17 times as long. Fertile cells not found.
13046, Oct. 12, floating in still water at edge of river, abundant, Mahomet.
This species is seemingly rare in this vicinity, as in all my collecting I obtained it only the one time. Perhaps it is universally scarce, as it was not described in many important books on fresh water algae. Preserved in two per cent copper acetate, and two per cent carbolic acid; kept moderately well.
11. S. adnata Kg. (See”Wolle»s Fresh Water Algae"p220 Zygnema adnatum Ag. " " " w " " " Conjugata adnata Vauch * " " " M " "
Forming light green masses which float in stagnant water. Sterile cells with ends straight; chlorophyll bands 2 or 3, generally 2 in number, making 2 to 4 turns
ineach cell; diameter 42-42 micron, 1 to 3 times as long. Fertile cells not found.
13061, Oct. 29, seemingly attached to bottom, but re­ ally was floating towards top of stagnant water, abundant Urbana; 13063, Nov. 1, floating in stagnant water, abund­ ant, Urbana.
This species is not described in several of the prin­ cipal books on algae, and so must not have been studied by many. Was preserved in two per cent formatin, and one-half per cent chromic acid; kept poorly in acid, moderately well in formatin.
12. S.jurgensii Kg. (See "Wolle's Fresh Water Algae" p 213) Forming light green masses which float in stagnant
water. Sterile cells with ends straight; chlorophyll bands single, slender, making 3 to 5 turns in a cell; diameter 23-28 micron, about 4 times as long. Fertile cells not found.
13070, Nov. 18, floating in stagnant waters, but ap­ parently sinking, probably to protect itself from severe weather, Urbana.
This species was not described under the above name, at least in Wood’s, Cooks, or Rabenhorst’s book on "Fresh Water Algae", and hence it must be rare, or at least neiv under this name; preserved in two per cent formalin, and two per cent copper acetate; kept poorly.
13.S.quadrata Hass.Petit(See"Wolle's Fresh Water Algae"p208) Zygnema quadratum Hass " " " " " "
I
Spirogyra pulchella Wood" " " " " " Forming deep green masses which float in stagnant Y/a-
ter. Sterile cells with ends replicate; chlorophyll bands single, large and mating from 3 to 6 turns to a cell; diameter 21-35 micron, 3 to 7 times as long. Fertile cells not found.
13078, Jan. 29, floating in stagnant water, abundant, Urbana. , This species has a wide distribution in stagnant wa­
ters. IV. Family MESOCARPACEAE.
1. Mesocarpus. Hass. Spores spherical or oval, between two cylindrical, straight, or slightly inbent cells. Copulation scal- oriforra.
1. M.scalaris (Hass)D.By, (See"Wolle’s Fresh Water Algae" p 230
Mesocarpus intricatus Hass" " " " " " Sphaerocarpus » " " " " " " "
Forming dark green masses floating in pools. Filament simple. Sterile cells, straight, ends concave; chloro­ phyll more or less oxillary; diameter 23-28 micron, 3-4 times as long. Fruiting not observed.
13074, Jan. 15, dark green masses floating in stag­ nant in Y/ater, some under ice, Urbana.
2.M.parvulus(hass)D.By.(See "Wolle's Fresh Water Algae" p230 Sphaerocarpus parvulus Hass " " " " " " Mongeotia splendens Kg." " " " " " "
Mesocarpus augustatus Hass " " " " " " " augustus " ” " w " " "
Sphaerovarpus augustus " " " " " " " Forming pure green masses floating in pools. Fila­
ments simple. Sterile cells with ends cohcave; chloro­ phyll oxillary; diameter 8-10 micron, 5-7 times as long.
13079, Jan. 29, pure green masses floating in pond, Urbana.
B. Class CHLOROPHYCAEA. I. Family PROTOCOCCACEAE.
1. Protocoocus. Ag. Spherical forms not attached, not branched, in the strictest sense unicellular, single or gathered into irregu­ lar clusters, primarily always filled with chlorophyll green cyto­ plasm, often changes to red color by exposure and other circumstances
1 .Protococcus viridis Ag(See"V/olle ' s Fresh Water Algae"plSl) Forms a dark green coating on trunks of trees, on moist
rocks, walls of shaded buildings, old fences, etc. Uni­ cellular. Cells spherical, accumulated in irregular mass es; chlorophyll granular; diameter about 8 micron. Fruiting not noticed.
13043, Oct. 10. Dark green coating on dead leaves in still water at edge and bottom of flowing stream, scarce, Urbana; 13083, Jan. 29, green coating on bark of trunks of trees, Urbana.
Preserved in one half percent chromic acid; kept well. 2. Protococcus viridis var. Miniatus Ag.
(See"Wolle’s Fresh Water Algaenpl81)
Pleuroccoccus miniatus(kg)Naeg ft If It ft
Found on moist rocks, on trees, walls, fences, etc. Forming a strata of segregate cells of a yellowish green color, usually pulverulents; diameter of cells 7-10 mi­ cron. A sexual fruiting noticed, which took place by simple division.
13087, May 14, yellov/ish green cells, segregate, ac­ cumulating in an expanded strata, found on outside of flower pots in green house, Urbana.
Preserved in two per cent formalin. II. Family ULOTHRICHAOEAE.
1. tJlothrix Kg. (Hormiscia, Fr.; Honnotrichum, Kg.; Myxonema, Fr.; incl. Arthrogonium, A.Br.; Gerinella, (Turp.)Lagerh; Hormospora, Breb.; Merizothrix, Reinke; and Schizomeris, Kg.) The normal cells are collected in an undivided filament (abnormal ones can divide in their longitudinal cell-surface, or cell body), all are alike and capable of dividing, with the exception of a long and sometimes divided fasal cell. All of the partitions of the cells have about the same thickness and the layers run concentrically around the cell/ The chromatophores are produced in a continuous walled cylinder, or only in a part of it, and contains one or more pyrenoids. Fruiting takes place through a states of garnets, which are formed to the extent of eight or more in the cell; they escape through a round crevice in the cell wall and then develop two cilia each. The swarm-spores are 1-4 in each cell, and escape in the way as the gar­ nets, have four cilia however; out of these is formed a neutral growth by akinnae, whose way of origin may be quite different.
The zygot begins to grow immediately and after a long period forms a number of swarm-spores.
1. Ulsubtilis Kg.var subtilissima Rab.(See"Wolle's Fresh Water Algae"pl35) Forming light green masses which float in still water.
Filaments simple; articulations as long or twice as long as wide; diameter 42-47 micron. Fruiting not noticed,
13039, Oct. 10, pure green masses attached to dead plant matter in the still egge of a flowing stream, scarce, Urbana;
Preserved dry, two per cent copper acetate, and in two per cent carbolic acid; kept well.
2. U.Tenerrima Kg. (See "Cooke's Fresh Water Algae" p 182. Ulothrix subtilis,var.C.variabilis,Kirch " w "
Forming pale green masses attached to bottom in stag­ nant water. Sterile cells with ends straight; contents contracted in a quadrate manner, and with diameter 7-8 micron, length generally a little longer, with small starch grains sealed in chlorophyll. Division not notic­ ed.
13072, Jan. 15, pale green masses attached to bottom of stagnant water, Urbana.
3. U. (Hormidium)flaccida Kg.(See "Wolle's --- Algae"pl37 Forming a light green mat on old straw or earth in
moist places. Sterile cells with colorless membrane; diameter 7-9 micron, articulations equal or twice as long as the diameter.
13084, March 12, light green, appearing bn old straw inmoist flower bed in green house, Urbana.
This species was preserved in two per cent formalin; kept well.
2. Conferva (Link.) Lagerh. Tiresias, Ag.Z.T., incl. Tribo- nema, Derb & Sol.) Differs from microspora in the following char -acteristics: the youhg filament sits permanently on a pedicle, the ogter wall is the thinnest, the chromatophore is small, dish formed and produces oil; only one kind of swarm spores are fanndx formed and they have only one cilium; in the germination they form resting stage. Embraces twelve species in fresh water in all parts of the world. Note. Characteristics of Microspora are given here for comparison
Microspora (Thur.) Ligerh. The cells always form a simple free swimming filament, with an insignificant difference between anterior and posterior ends. The partition walls between the celi are all of about the same thickness; the layers in the cell mem­ brane are not continuous around the cell, but those which form both dides of the partition wall fuse into one another. Several chromatophores in each cell; they have a simple banded appearance and are deficient of pyrenoids no diffefence how strong and health -y they are. Fruiting unknown. The swarm spores which possess no red eye points, contain a chromatophore and become free in such a way, that the cells separated into something like H shaped pieces with pointed ends. They are of two kinds; small egg formed with two cilia, which multiply to several in each mother cell, and large round ones, which are formed to the extent of 1 t© 2 in each
mother-cell. Both of these swarm spores grow into a cell-filament immediately. Spores are also produced by ahineten as well as by Aplanospores, and they either go into a resting stage or germinate immediately.
l.C. affinis Kg.(See"Wolle’s Fresh Water Algae" p 141) Conferva subtilis Kg. " " " " "
Forming yellowish green masses which float in stagnant water. Cells with walls delicate, constricted at the joints; chlorophyll granular; diameter 7 to 9 micron, 7 to 10 times as long.
13073, Jan.15, green masses floating in stagnant water abundant, Urbana. 2.C. bombycina Ag.(See"Wolle’s Fresh Water Algae" p 142)
Conferva sordida Dillw. " " w " Vesciculiferva bombycina " " " " " "
Forming dark green masses which are seemingly attached to bottom and floating toward top of stagnant water; with a soft, silky feeling. Sterile cells with articulations oblong, cylindrical; cell contents granular cell wall thin; diameter 6 th 12 micron, 1-1/2 to 3 times as long. Fruiting not noticed.
13007, Sept.18, green masses attached to bottom in stagnant water, Urbana.
This species is very common, according to Wolle, Wood and Rabenhorst. Waspreserved in one half per cent chrom­ ic acid; kept poorly.
3. C. funkii Kg.(See"Wolle*s Eresh Water Algae" p 142) Conferva bombycina Punk (Rabenhorst’s Algae p 322)
Forming a dirty green mass in stagnant water. Cells with ends straight; wall rather delicate; diam­ eter 6 to 8 micron, 2 to 3 times as long. Fruiting not seen.
13081, Jan.29, dirty green mass attached to vege­ tation in stagnant flowing vrater, Urbana.
This species scarce in this vicinity in fall and winter at least.
4. C. fontinalis Berk. (See"Wolle's Fresh Water Algae" pl41 Forming bright green mass in stagnant water.
Cells with ends straight; wall thick;contents granu­ lar, starch grains visible but scattered; diameter 19 to 26 micron, 3 to 12 times as long. Fruiting not seen.
13007, Sept.18, bright green mass, attached to vegetation, abundant, Urbana.
Species evidently scarce in this vicinity dua? -ing fall and winter as I made only one collection.
III. Family CHAETOPHORACEAE.
1. STIGEOCLOKIUM Kg. The thallus is of many different forms, but in the normal type it consists of a permanent ground plate with an upright, principal stem, and forms either a slippery, thin crisp one withoiit precise form, or it is entirely deficient of
slimes; it has a principal stem which is not exactly differentiat­ ed, with simple, often almost dichotomous branching. The branches are scattered with no distinct branch tuft, and ofter end in a long, many celled hair point. The strengthening rhizine can be overcome. The band formed chroraatophoric can either cover the whole cell or only a part of the same, and contains one pyrenoid. Asexual reproduction takes place by the copulation of the gameta, which possess two cilia and a red eye point; by permanent swarm- spores and alsineten, which forms swarm-spores, having two cilia; and by a palmella state. This genus is found in all parts of the world; thirty species have been described, but probably these if compared could be reduced to twelve. .
l.S. nanum (Dillu)Kg. (See"Wolle*s Fresh Water Algae" p 112 Draparnaldia nana Hass. " " " " " " Conferva " Dillw. " * " " " " Draparnaldia sparsa Hass.(Cooke*s " " " " 190
Forming a pure green growth on rocks or wood in water. Filaments generally alternately branched, ends obtuse. Sterile cells with ends straight; chlorophyll in bands; diameter 8 to 16 micron, length about the same.
13066, Nov.8, pure green coating on keel of boat, "111inii"/ Havana.
Preserved in two per cent formalin; satisfactorjfcypre -served
IV. Family OEDOGONIACEAE
1. OEDOGONIUM Link. Filament simple, articulate terminal cell sometimes elongated and setiform. Either monoecious or dioecious;; when monoecious the oogonia and the spermagonia cells (antheridia) are on the same filament; spigynous or hypogynous as the latter are above or below the oogonium. Dioecious, when the spermagonia cells are on different (male) plants. The nannandres are dwarf males somewhat of the form of inverted flasks. These dwarf males are located jjarasitically on or near the oogonium, and fertilize it by means of spermatozoids developed in the spermozonia cells.
The fertilization of the oospore is effected through a pore or small spherical opening in the oogonium or through a split in the upper part of the oogonium. The spermatozoids enter and fe­ cundate the oospore which ripens into a perfect, fefctile resting spore. 1. Oed
P1. Oed. crassiusculum With.(See"Wolle's Fresh Water Algae" Forming light green masses, which float, or are
sometimes mingled in vegetation in pools and stagnant waters. Filaments simple. Sterile cells with ends straight; walls thick; chlorophyll granular; diameter 23 to 35 micron, 1-3/4 to 3 times as long. Fruiting not npticed.
13010, Sept.23, light green masses attached to bot­ tom but floating to top of stagnant water, abundant, Urbana; 13011, Sept.23, light green masses floating on
«*surface of stagnant water, abundant, Urbana; 13021, Sept
27, light green masses mingled with vegetation in stag­ nant water, abundant, Urbana; 13022, Sept.27, light green masses floating on stagnant water, abundant, Ur- band; 13024, Oct.4, light green masses in drying dtream floating, scarce, St.Joe; 13045, Oct.12, light green al­ gae attached to roots of trees at edge off bank and flffat -ing out into the water, abundant, Mahomet; 13054, Oct. 12, light green masses in ponds of clear water near riv­ er and are attached to vegetation, abundant, Mahomet; 13059, Oct.29, light green masses floating in stagnant water, abundant, Urbana.
This species is evidently abundant in this vicinity and at this time of year. Wa.s preserved in two per cent copper acetate, two per cent carbolic acid, two per cent formalin, ane half per cent chromic acid and dry; kept poorly.
2. Oed. Capillare(Linn)Kg.(SeeӴolle*s Fresh Water Algae"p87) Conferva capillaris Linn." " " " " p 88 Oed. regulare vanp. " " " " " "
Forming light green masses which float in stagnant, drying up streams. Filament simple. Sterile cells with ends straight; chlorophyll granular; diameter 23 to 45 micron, l-l/4 to 2 times as long. Fruiting not seen.
13023, Oct.5 floating in stagnant water, scarce, St Joe.
Preserved in two jer cent copper acetate, in one
--------- -— =— --- -------------- ------ ---- ----------------- ==J
half chromic acid and dry; kept well. 3. Oed. rivulare(Le.Cl) Br(See"Wolle’s F.W.A." p 92) Prolifera rivulare Le.Cl. " " ” "
Forming a light green stringing bunch (not in a mass) in a stagnant drying up stream. Filament branched. Sterile cells with, ends straight; chlorophyll granular; diameter 37 to 54 micron, 3-l/2 to 6 times as long. Fruiting not noticed.
13027, Oct.4,light green, hanging together in strings in stagnant water, St.Joe.
Preserved in one half per cent chromic acid and dry; kept poorly.
4. Oed. crassum.(Hass)Witts.(See "Y/olle’s F.W.A. " p 74) Vesiculifera crassa Hass. " Cooke’s " " 173)
Large loose fibres of a light green color, collected in sort of a loose mass in stagnant water. Filament simple. Sterile cells with ends concave; cell wall has a ring marking near end of cell; chlorophyll granular; di­ ameter 32 to 35 micron, 3 to 7 times as long. Fruiting not noticed.
13028, Oct.4, light green mass of loose fibres string­ ing together and attached to sticks at bottom of stagnant drying up stream, St.Joe;13062, Nov.l, light green mass attached to stones/ etc. in bottom of stagnant water, Urbana.
Preserved in one half per cent chromic acid and dry; kept in poor condition.
5. Oed. hystrix Y7itts(See"¥olle’s Fresh Water Algae" p 87) Forming light green masses floating din still water.
Filament simple. Vegetative cells with ends concave; di­ ameter 19 to 26 Mcron, 3 to 6 times as long. Fruiting not noticed.
13030, Oct.8, light green masses sometimes a yard in diameter, or width, floating in still water in the angles of the creek, Urbana. Preserved in two per cent copper acetate, two pe r cent
carbolic acid and dry; condition satisfactory. 6. Oed.longatum Kg.(See"Wolle's Fresh Water Algae" p 95)
Forming light green masses which are attached to stones etc.in bottom of stagnant water. Filaments simple. Sterile cells with ends truncate; wall transparent and in several places in each filament near one of a cell there are transverse, parallel lines, which in profile have the appearance of as many caps slipped into one another; chior -ophyll dense and uniform; diameter 6 to 7 micron, 2-l/2 to 3 times as long. Fruiting not noticed.
13062, Nov.l light green masses attached to stones in bottom of stagnant water, Urbana.
Preserved in two per cent formalin and dry; in good con -dition.
7. Oed. lutchinsiae Y/itts,. (See"Cooke• s Fresh Y^ater Algae "pi1 Forming light green masses, floating in stagnant wat
-er. Filaments simple. Sterile cells with diameter 30 to 35 micron, 3-3/4 to 6 times as long. Fruiting not noticed.
1
13068, Nov. 18, light green mass floating in stagnant water; some of the algae apparently dying and falling t& the bottom; abundant, Urbana.
Preserved in two per eent copper acatate and two per cent formalin; condition poor in the former, good in the latter.
V. Family CLADOPHORACEAE.
------ ----- ---------- ------ ------ -------- --------- ---------- ------ ------- ---- :
The zygots germinate immediately and grow directly into a new thal -lus. Occur in fredh, blackish and salt water, in all parts of the world. Two to three hundred species are described.
1. C1I glomerata Kg. (See"Wolle's Fresh Water Algae" p 127) Conferva glomerata Linn.(See Cooke's F." " " 143) Microspora " Hass. " " " " " " "
Forming a pure green, bushy, much branched mass, which is not all viscid, or gelatinous to the touch. Fonnd in streams and is generally attached to stones, or vegetation Filaments much branched. Sterile cells with ends straight; walls of cells very smooth; chlorophyll in a kind of net work, or spiral around interior of walls; diameter of stem about 58 micron, diameter of branches about 28 micron, 4el/2 times as long. Fruiting not noticed.
13052, Oct.12, pure green attached to sticks in flowing water, abundant, Mahomet.
This spe cies is evidently scarce at this time of year in this vicinity, as I found only one collection. Preserv- od in one half per cent chromic acid; kept poorly.
2. Cl. crispata Kg.(See"Wolle's Fresh Water Algae" p 126) Conferva crispata Dillw.(Cooke's " " " " 143)
Forming light or medium green masses which are tough and crisped, and occur in fresh water. Filaments sparingly
branched; lower branches inserted apically. Cells cylin­ drical, ends straight; cell wall delicate; cell contents sometimes arranged in indistinct spirals; diameter of branches about l/2 that of main stem, usually unicellular.
Fruiting not noticed, abundant. 13007, Sept.18, green floating in stagnant water, at­
tached to bottom, floating toward top, Urbana; 13047, Oct. 12, on rocks in flowing water, plentiful, Mahomet; 13050, Oct.12, floating in flowing water, plentiful, Mahomet; 13051, Oct. 12, medium green, attached to rocks and grow­ ing or floating toward top, abundant, Mahomet.
These species are seemingly numerous in this vicinity in month of Oct. at least. Were preserved in one half per cent chromic acid; kept poorly.
3. Cl. Fracta(Dillw)Kg.(See Cooke’s Fresh Water A/gae" pl42 Conferva vagabonda Huds. w ” " " "
Forming loose tuft-like masses of a pure green color which are attacheded to sticks in ponds. Filaments irregularly
branched, branches distant, spreading at wide angles, lesser branches repeatedly forked. Cells of stem about 50 micron, 4 to 5 times as long; in branches diameter about 30 micron, 3 to 6 times as long. Fruiting not noticed.
13053, Oct.12, pure green mass attached to sticks in ponds of water, abundant, Mahomet.
According to Cooke, found in fresh or stagnant water. Preserved in two pswcent copper acetate; kept well. Pre­ served dry, kept color well, but not good for study.
VI. Family VAUCHERIACEAE. 1. Vaucheria D.C. The thallus in the vegetative condition is
one celled, and irregularly branched. Seaual reproduction by
oospores. Asexual reproduction by swarm-dpores, which are formed in the end of a filament and freed by a partition:; also reproduc­ tion by Ahineten and Aplanaspores. The swarm spores are formed in a more or less swollen branch, which is the upper part of the fil­ ament cut off by a partition wall. Most of the species are monoe­ cious, some dioecious. Antheridia and Oogonia generally originate in a lateral outgrowth. The OOgonium is well filled with oil and chlorophyll, and in this case is commonly egg formed, swollen up and finally frees itself by a partition wall. A part of the con­ tents of the oogonium family escape into the water. The antheridia originates singly out of a lateral outgrowth, or out of the end of a filament and separates itself by means of a pattition. A great number of spermatazoids are formed in the antheridia and escape. The spermatozoids are small oval or egg shaped, with two cilia. These spermatozoids enter the oogonium unite with the remaining contents and go into the resting stage. Germination of the oospore begins after the resting stage. The species are found in all parts of the world in fre.sh water as well as in stagnant. Genus embraces twenty five species.
1. V. sessilis(Vauch)D.C. (§eef'Y/olle's Fresh YTater Algae"pl5 Vaucheria sphaerocarpa Kg.(Cooke*s " " " pl23
" racemosa Rabh. " " " " " ungeri Thur. M " " " n clavata Vanch. " " "
Forming light green masses which float on top of still
1)
water. Unicellular; thallus capillary, sparingly branched
chlorophyll granular; filament 40 to 60 micron in diam­ eter; Fruiting not noticed.
13080, Jan.29, pale green masses floating in still wat­ er, Urbana. Preserved in two per cent formalin; kept satisfactorly.
2.V. sericea Lyngb.(See"¥olle’s Fresh Water Algae” p 150) Vaucheria ornithocephala, Ag.(See"Cook‘s F.W.A." p 121)
" polysperma Hass. ” ” " ” " Forming light green mats on moist earth. Unicellular,
sparingly branched; oogonia ellipsoid sessile, single; ma -ture oospores spotted with brown; antheridia somewhat bag shaped, located near the oogonia; diameter of oogonia and filaments about 50 micron.
13085, March 16, light green mass covering moist sand in flower bed in green house, Urbana. Preserved in one half per dent formalin; kept satisfac-
torly.
C. Class CYANOPHYCEAE. I. Family NOSTOCACEAE.
1. Oscillaria Base. Trichomes simple, usually distinctly ar­ ticulate, rigid, straight or a little curved, rarely circinate or spirally convolute; for the most part brightly colored (blue green steel blue, violet, aeroginous, etc.) motile nestling in a matric- al mucilage; joints disc-shaped in the front view; without a £ sheath distinct from the trichomes.
1. 0. froelichii Kg. (See^/olle1 s Fresh Water Algae" p 315) Oscillatoria mucosa Hass.(See"Cooke’s F.W.A." p 253) Forming dark green scum on bottom of stagnant water.
Filaments of a steel blue color, str&ightish not curving about each other, but sticking together loosely; apices curved and blunt; diameter about 14 micron, 6 articula­ tions to a diameter. Division not noticed. 13015, Sept.26, small dark green masses floating in
stagnant water, but on close examination with naked eye, it is evident that the algae had been a scum over the earth and had been washed away; abundant,Urbana; 13017, Sept.26, light green scum in stagnant water, which shows upon examination that it had been attached to botany, Ur­ bana; 13065, Nov.l, green scmm on bottom of stagnant wat­ er, Urbana; 13071, Nov.18, dark green scum on logs in stagnant water, Urbana.
This species is abundant in this vicinity at this seas­ on. It was preserved in two per cent formalin and kept satisfactorily; in two pe r cent copper acetate, fairly good; in one half per cent chromic acid, poor; dry, fair­ ly good.
2. 0,. percursa Kg. (See"Y7olle's Fresh Water Algae" p 315) Forming blue masses covering bottom in stagnant wat­
ers. Filaments straight or curved at the apices. Articu­ lations of blue green color; all contents granular; diam­ eter 11 to 14 micron, 1/3 as long; Division not noticed.
13060, Oct.29, blue masses floating in stagnant water, but recent rains had washed it from bottom of stagnant water where it formed a scum on earth, Urbana.
Preserved in two per cent formalin, satisfactorily; in one half per cent chromic acid and dry, unsatisfactory.
3.0. littoralis Carm(See"Wolle’s Fresh Water Algae" p 317) Oscillatoria littoralis Carm.fCooke*s " " p 258)
Forming dark brown scum on bottom of stagnant water, pools, etc., often in blotches l/2 inch in diameter. Fila­
ment rigid, ends broadly rounded; color bright aeruginous diameter 15 to 16 micron; articulations 4 to 5 to a di­ ameter. Division not noticed.
13069, Nov.18, dark brown scum on bottom of satgnant mater; often in blotches, abundant, Urbana.
Was preserved in two per cent copper acetate, and two pr cent formailn, satisfactorly; dry, unsatisfactorly. This species was found in shadad places.
2. Anabaena Bory. Trichomes moniliform, without sheaths or rarely vaginate; composed of sub-globose cells, some of which be­ come changed into globose or elongated spores; color usually yel­ lowish, brown or golden brown; heterocysts intercalated in the tfrichomes; spores originating in cells not adjoining the hetero­ cysts .
l.A. oscillarioides Bory(See"Wolle's Fresh Water Algae"p288 Sphaerogyra oscillarioides Kg. " " " " "
Trichoraus oscillarioides Ralp. (See"W's.F.W.A. " p 288) Anabaina gelitinosa Wood. " " " " "
Forming pure green mat covering moist earth. Filament elongated, slightly curved; joints distinct; heterocysts elliptical; diameter of cells 4 to 4-l/2 micron. 153086, March 19, pure green mat covering moist earth in
flower pot in green house, Urbana. 3.3MerismopadialMeyen. Cellb'globose, at the time of divi- - sion oblong, rather thick, teguments confluent, 4, 8,16,32, 64,128 associated in tabular families of a single stratum,
forming a quadriate plane, free sqimming thallus. l.M. glauca Naeg. (See"Wolle1 s Fresh Water Algae" p 326)
Glorium glaucum Ehrb.( " " " " ” " Forming a pale green mass in stagnant water. Thal­
lus composed of about 64 cells light aerruginous color. Cells rather oblong; diameter about 4 micron.
13073, Jan.15, bright green attached to bottom in stagnant water, Urbana.
Scarce according to Cooke. Cells about to divide. 4. Gloecapsa Naeg. Cells usually spherical, or before divisin
somewhat oblong, with wide vesicular teguments, this cell under­ going division into two daughter cells. Each has a tegument of the mother cell. This process is often repeated, the orig&l tegument remaining and surrounding the family thus formed. Cell membrane often very thick, mostly lamellated; strata not infre­ quently separating; colorless or colored; cell contents aerrig- inous, bluish green, steel blue, reddish, yellowish, fuscous,etc.
Division in three directions.
1. G. polydermatica Kg. (See'HRTolle' s Fresh Wat er Algae" p331) Microcystis rupestris Meneg. (See"Cooke, s F.W.A." p 206) Haematococcus " Hass. " “ " " "
Forming a dirty green thallus on old tin troughs, walls etc. Cells small, spherical; tegument thick, hyalin; • cell contents vertigris green, and almost homogeneous. Fruiting not noticed.
]3~086, May 11, dirty brownish green thallus on moist tin troughs in green house, Urbana.
5. Cylindrospe rmum Kg. Thallus like that of Sphaerozyga; trichomes sheathless. Heterocysts terminal, single; spores orig­ inate in the cell next the heterocyst.
1. C. macrospe rmum Kg.(See"Wolle's Fresh Water Algae" p 292 Anabaena impalpebralis Hass. " " " " " C. sphaerospermum Rab. " ” " " " "
Forming blue green dense scum or covering over moist earth. Filaments nearly straight, joints globose. Cell contents, pale blue somewhat granular; heterocysts ter­ minal, slightly oblong; spores developed in cell next the heterocyst, oblong cylindrical, granular, of a yellowish brown cllor; diameter of vegetative cells about 3 micron, heterocysts a little larger. Spores about 14 micron, 2 times as long.
13085, May 13, dark green dense covering on moist earth, Urbana; 13088, May 19, dark green covering on
sand in green house, Urbana. This species has hot been found frequently in this
vicinity. Preserved in two pr cent formalin.
Alphabetical list of Species Found. Anabaena Bory.
1. A. oscillarioides Bory. Cladophora Kg.
2. C. crispata Kg. 3. C. fracta (Dillw.) Kg. 4. C. glomerata Kg.
Cylindrospermum Kg. 5. C. macro spermum Kg,.
Closterium. 6. Cl. Acerosum (Schrank) Ehrb. 7. Cl. ehrebergii Menegh.
Conferva Link. 8. C. affinis Kg. 9. C. bombycina Ag.
10. C. fontinalis Berk. 11. C. funkii Kg. Gloeocapsa Naeg.
12. G. polychrmatica Kg. Merismapedia Meyen.
13. M. glanca Naeg.
Mesocarpus Hass. 14. M. parvulus Hass. D.By. 15. M. scalaris Hass.D.By.
Oedogonium Link. 16. OH. capillare (Linn.) Kg. 17. Oe. crassum (Hass.) wittr. 18. Oe. crassinscujum Wittr. 19. Oe. longatum Kg. 20. Oe. hutchinsiae Wittr. 21. Oe. hystrix Wittr. 22. Oe. rivulare (L.C1.) Br.
Oscillaria Bose. 23. 0. froelichii Kg. 24. 0. littoralis Cam. 25. 0. percursa Kg.
Protococcus Ag. 26. P. viridis Ag. 27. P. viridis var. Miniatus Ag.
Stigeoelonium Kg. 28. S. nanum (Dillw.) Kg.
Staurospermum Kg. 29. S. viride Kg.
Spirogyra Link. 30. S. adnata Kg. 31. S. crassa Kg. 32. S. fluviati^is Hilse. 33. S. jurgensii Kg.
34. S. majuscula Kg. 35. S. mirabile Hass. 36. S. nitida (Dillw) Link. 37. S. quinina (Ag.) Kg. 38. S. quadrata (Hass.) Petit. 39. S. rivularis Rab. 40. S. setiformis (Roth.) Kg. 41. S. spreeiana Rab. 42. S. varians (Hass.) Kg.
Ulothrix Kg. 43. U. (hormidium) flaccida Kg. 44. U. subtilis Kg. 45. U. tenerrima Kg.
Vaucheria D.C. 46; V. sericca Lyngb. 47. V. sessilis Vauch.
Zygnema Kg. 48. Z. cruciatum Ag. 49. Z. stellium Ag.
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