O RGANIZATIONAL I NFORMATION S YSTEMS Chapter 6. 2 W HAT DO M ANAGERS D O ? They make _________...
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Transcript of O RGANIZATIONAL I NFORMATION S YSTEMS Chapter 6. 2 W HAT DO M ANAGERS D O ? They make _________...
2
WHAT DO MANAGERS DO?
They make _________
_________ ___________= better managers
The amount of information people must understand to make _________ , solve problems, and find opportunities is growing exponentially
Fire your Customer
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PROGRAMMED VERSUS NONPROGRAMMED DECISIONS
_________ decisions Decisions made using a rule, procedure, or quantitative method Easy to computerize using traditional information systems
_________ _________ decisions Decision that deals with unusual or exceptional situations Not easily quantifiable
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TYPES OF DECISIONS
• _________ • How many workers to staff
line A– What is the EOQ for raw
material Z– How many turbines to power
Lethbridge?
• _________ • What are the benefits of
merging with XYZ – How will consumer react if
we lower the price by 10%– What are the benefits of
MacDonald's opening up Hotels
6-11
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION: TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS
TPSs are designed to process business events and transactions
Architecture Components• _________ Documents• Data Entry Methods
• Manual – • _________ –(e.g. a barcode scanner)• Fully Automated – (e.g. automatic orders from inventory
systems)
• Processing• _________ • Batch –
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SYSTEM DESCRIPTION: MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
MISs are used by _________ employees to support recurring decision making in managing a function or the entire business
Supported Activities• Scheduled Reporting - produced automatically based on a
predetermined schedule. Some include:• _________– e.g. Monthly Sales Report• Exception – e.g. Monthly Late Shipments• _________– printed only if needed
• Ad Hoc Reporting – _________ reports (e.g. sales data by person report to identify issues)
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SYSTEM DESCRIPTION: EXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEMS
EISs, also called Executive Support Systems (ESS), information systems to support _________ decision-making
System Detailsuse graphical user interfaces to display consolidated information :
• _________ Data -• _________–
Supported Activities• Executive _________ Making• Long-range Strategic Planning• _________ of Internal and External Events• Crisis Management• _________ and Labour Relations
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SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE: EXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Digital dashboard
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DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS
Decision Support Systemssystems designed to support _________ level employees in organizational decision making
System Details use computational software to construct models for analysis (_________ _________ )to solve semi-structured problems (e.g. sales or resource forecasts)
Supported Activities: “_________ ” analysis – changing one or more variables in the model to observe the effect (e.g. What is the payment if the interest rate increases by 1% ?)
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EXPERT SYSTEMS
Expert Systemsused by _________ level employees to make decisions usually made by more experienced employees or an expert in the field
System Details use _________ engines that match facts and rules, sequence questions for the user, draw a conclusion, and present a recommendation to the user
Supported Activities:These systems support many activities, including:
• _________ Diagnosis• Machine Configuration• _________ Planning• Software Application Assistance (help wizards)
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OFFICE _________ SYSTEMS
Office _________ Systemsincrease productivity within the office setting
Supported Activities• Scheduling Resources
Examples: electronic calendars• Document _________
Examples: software (word processing and desktop publishing); hardware (printers)
• CommunicatingExamples: e-mail, _________ _________ , videoconferencing and groupware
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COLLABORATIVE TECHS (GROUPWARE)
Groupwareenables people to work together more effectively
Supported Activities
These systems come in two types:• _________ Groupware – Systems that do not require
users to be on the system working at the same time, including: e-mail, newsgroups, workflow automation, group calendars, and collaborative writing tools
• _________ Groupware – Systems that allow and support simultaneous group interactions including shared whiteboards, electronic meeting support systems, video communication systems
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SYSTEM DESCRIPTION: FUNCTIONAL AREA INFO SYSTEMS
___________ Area Information SystemsCross-organizational information systems are designed to support a specific functional area
Supported ActivitiesThe following functional organizations have systems to support their operational and managerial activities
• Accounting• ___________• ___________• ___________ • Operations Peppers &
Rogers
Workforce absenteeism
daytraders
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GLOBAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Global Information SystemsA variety of special-class systems used to support organizations that operate globally
Supported ActivitiesDepending on the organization, one or more of these systems may be required (definitions on next slide):
• International Accounting Systems• Transnational Information Systems• Multinational Information Systems• Global Information Systems• Collaborative Information Systems