O. Absil & C. Eiroa with inputs from A. Roberge, D. Defrère, C. Beichman, W. Danchi, J.-C....
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Transcript of O. Absil & C. Eiroa with inputs from A. Roberge, D. Defrère, C. Beichman, W. Danchi, J.-C....
O. Absil & C. Eiroa
with inputs from
A. Roberge, D. Defrère, C. Beichman, W. Danchi, J.-C. Augereau, etc.
P3 panel: exozodiacal disks
We all live in a debris disk!Asteroid collisionsComet outgassing
Dust is luminous (much more than the Earth)Dust is expected in any planetary system
Dust in planetary systems
Kuiper belt: 40 K, 50 AU Zodiacal disk: 300 K, 1 AU
10-100 zodi tolerable for closest targetsAsymmetries need thorough investigation
The exozodi issue: visible imaging
2m
4m
6m
8m
12m
Shot noise: 100 zodi tolerable in averagePreserves 75% of mission outcome
Asymmetries: ~10 zodi tolerable
The exozodi issue: IR interferometry
If Solar system is the rule, “Earth explorer” could just skip unsuitable systemsCan afford to loose some timeEZs interesting on their own
What if EZ mode is around 10 zodi? 100 zodi? Is the distribution log-normal at all? Bimodal?
But ... do we really care?
100 zodi?
10 zodi?
< 1 zodi?
Bad systems
1001010.10.01 1000
What we know: exo-Kuiper beltsDetected since 1984
IRAS, ISO, SpitzerSensitivity ~ 100 ×
solarHerschel
Down to 1 × solarActual distribution
will soon be known for the cold parts
What about warm parts?
100 × solar
Bryden et al. 2006
What we want to know: exozodisMid-infrared most
suitedPhotometry
Spitzer: IRS, MIPSImaging
10-m telescopes, (JWST)
InterferometryKeck Nuller, VLTI/MIDI
Near-infrared can helpInterferometry
CHARA/FLUOR, VLTI/VINCI
Exozodis: where we standIRS, MIPS
1000 zodi at 3-σLarge sample~2% of systems
Keck Interferometer Nuller300 zodi at 3-σSmall sample (on-going)
K-band interferometry 1000 zodi at 3-σSmall sample (on-going)~20% of MS stars with
large amount of hot dust??EZs ≠ from solar zodi??
1001010.10.01
KIN300 zodi
1000
Solution #1Use models to connect Kuiper belts with
exozodisProblem: planetary system architecture
matters!Solution #2
Survey exozodis to build histogramWhat should be the goal sensitivity?
Probably around 30 zodi (3-σ)
Solution #3Characterise exozodis around all identified
targets(need to wait for SIM or RV detections, and to
reach 10 zodi)
What needs to be done?
What does it take?LBTI
Expect ~30 zodi at 3-σ
Survey starting > 2012
60 targets: sufficient?Other possible nullers
ALADDIN Balloon FKSI/Pegase
Other instruments Small coronagraphs:
need to be investigated
Invest in modellingProbability distribution (log-normal? bimodal?
other?)How deep is enough? 30 zodi? Asymmetries: better predictions needed!
Invest in LBTICould greatly reduce the exozodi problem if it
lives up to the expectationsSupport development of other exozodi finders
ALADDIN, balloon, FKSI (share the same payload)Small coronagraphs?
Conclusions / recommendations