NVSC 404 Review Lecture

Every time…

Definitions

• Baselines: territorial seas and maritime zones are measured from baselines. There are several ways of drawing these baselines:

– Low water line: low water (low tide) line along the coast.

– Straight baselines: used when coastline is deeply indented or a fringe of islands exists along the coast.

OFFSHORE ZONESNATIONAL AIR SPACE INTERNATIONAL AIR SPACE

TERRITORIALSEA

CONTIGUOUSZONE

HIGH SEASEEZINTERNALWATERS

BASELINE12NM

24NM

200NM

INTERNALWATERS

BASELINE

INCSEA Agreement

• Ships will observe both the letter and spirit of the international rules of the road.

• Surveillance ships will exercise good seamanship so as not to embarrass or endanger ships under surveillance.

• Ships will utilize special signals for announcing their operational intentions.

• Ships of one party will not simulate attacks, launch objects in the direction of, or illuminate the naviga tion bridges of ships of another party.

• Ships conducting exercises with submarines shall show appropriate signals to warn of submarines in the area.

• When approaching ships of the other party, especial ly when they are engaged in replenishment or flight operations, approach ships should remain well clear.

• Aircraft will use caution when approaching aircraft or ships of the other party.

PIVOT POINT

HEAD WAY, STEADY COURSE & SPEED

AHEAD BELL FROM DIW... LONG STEERING LEVER FROM PROPS/RUDDERS

ASTERN BELL FROM DIW... NO EFFECTIVE STEERING LEVER UNTIL SOME STERN WAY

The Speed Triangle• Vector - Graphic representation of an

object moving in a given direction at a given speed.

• e - The center of the maneuvering board. (Earth)

• er - Vector representing the Reference ship’s course and speed. (Think: reference ship’s vector relative to the earth, i.e. its true vector)

• em - Vector representing the Maneuvering ship’s course and speed. (Think: maneuvering ship’s vector relative to the earth, i.e. its true vector)

• rm - Vector representing the direction and speed of relative motion between both vessels(DRM & SRM). (Think Relative Motion)

e

r

mem

rm

er

Definitions

Command:– the authoritative act of making decisions and

ordering action– includes the authority and responsibility for

effectively using available resources and for planning the employment of, organizing, directing, coordinating, and controlling military forces for the accomplishment of assigned missions

• Control:– act of monitoring and influencing action required to

accomplish what must be done

Definitions (cont.)• Strategic

– the “big picture”– not just military, but political,

economic, and many other factors considered

• Operational– Connects Strategic and Tactical– Moving tactical units in a

unified manner• Tactical

– the details- right where the action is

• “They won the battle but lost the war”– good tactics, poor strategy

Strategic

Operational

Tactical

Navy and Joint AORs

PACOMEUCOMAFRICOM

2ND FLEET4TH FLEET

SOUTHCOM

NORTHCOM

CENTCOM

5TH FLEET6TH FLEET 7TH FLEET 3RD FLEET

Navy Numbered Fleet Commanders Unified Command Plan

Example

AW C(Air W arfare CDR)

SUW C(Surface Warfare CDR)

USW C(Undersea W arfare CDR)

SCC(Sea Com bat CDR)

STW C(Strike W arfare CDR)

C2W C(C2 W arfare CDR)

CW C(Com posite Warfare CDR)

Fleet Comm ander

• Composite Warfare Commander: In charge of a decentralized command structure which assigns responsibility for the various warfare areas to different individuals. The CWC and the OTC are typically the same person.

DEFENSE IN DEPTHPUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER

SURVEILLANCE AREA

Close-in Weapons Range

Threat

High Value Unit

Maximum Sensor Range

Missile Range

Fighter Range

DESTRUCTIONAREA (FEZ)

DESTRUCTIONAREA (MEZ)

DESTRUCTIONAREA (CEZ)

VITAL AREA

Enemy Weapons Range

CIEA (FEZ)

CIEA (MEZ)

CIEA (CEZ)

CIEA (JEZ)

• BGM-109A Tomahawk Land Attack Missile - Nuclear (TLAM-A) with a W80 nuclear warhead.• BGM-109C Tomahawk Land Attack Missile - Conventional (TLAM-C) with a unitary warhead.• BGM-109D Tomahawk Land Attack Missile - Dispenser (TLAM-D) with submunitions.• RGM/UGM-109B Tomahawk Anti Ship Missile (TASM) - radar guided anti-shipping variant.• RGM/UGM-109E Tomahawk Land Attack Missile (TLAM Block IV) - improved version of the TLAM-C.• TERCOM: Terrain Contour Matching - Uses a pre-recorded contour map to match measurements

from a radar altimeter.• DSMAC: Digital Scene-Mapping Area Correlator - Uses photographs to determine position.

FEZ JEZ

MEZ

CEZ

Detect To Engage Sequence1.Detection

A.ESB.Airborne RadarC.Shipboard Radar

2.EntryA.Enter into

NTDS/CDS3.Track

A.Determine and Predict Position

4.IdentificationA.Correlation

w/Other Sensors/shipsB.VIDC.IFFD.Flight Profile

E.ESF.I&W

5.Threat EvaluationA.Does the Air

Contact Pose a threat?B.Hostile Intent?C.ROED.Warning/Weapons

StatusE.Threat Priority

6.Weapons PairingA.Optimum weapon

for threat7.Engagement

A.Employ weapons8.Engagement Assessment

CVW Make Up

• Four Navy Strike Fighter Squadrons (VFA) of F/A-18 Hornets (48)• One Electronic Attack Squadron (VAQ) of EA-6B Prowlers (4)• One Carrier Airborne Early Warning Squadron (VAW) of

E-2C Hawkeyes (4)• A detachment from a Fleet Logistics Support Squadron (VRC) of

C-2 Greyhounds (2)• One Helicopter Antisubmarine Squadron (HS) of

SH-60F & HH-60H Seahawks. (4 & 2)• One Helicopter Strike Squadron (HSM) of MH-60R (5)

* Total of ~60-65 Aircraft

• Stealth– Classified missions

• Agility– Anywhere, everywhere

• Endurance– Global operations on nuclear power

• Multi-mission Payload Delivery– Strike, undersea, mine & special warfare

America’s SubmarinesHunters, Killers & Nuclear DeterrenceHunters, Killers & Nuclear Deterrence

Force StructureForce Structure

SSN/SSGN Missions and SSBN

• Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance• Mine Warfare• Power Projection and Strike Warfare• Landing Special Operations Forces• Sea Control• Strategic Deterrence

Joint Special Forces

• US Special Operations Command (SOCOM)– Based at MacDill Air Force Base, Tampa, FL– 60,000 active duty, National Guard, and

reserve personnel across SOCOM and the four service SOFs

• Since 9/11: – manpower has nearly doubled – budget nearly tripled – overseas deployments have quadrupled

Themes of Amphibious Operations• The problem of the tadpole

• The landing itself is rarely the key problem

• The problems of command

• The amphibious invasion is a means to an end, not an end to itself

• The influence of terrain and geography

• The amphibious operation as a form of envelopment

• The inherently chaotic and decentralized nature of landings

• The development of amphibious technology and techniques

• My addition: relevance in today’s world

Types of Amphibious Warfare (DRAW)

• Demonstration– To deceive the enemy

• Amphibious Raid– Swift incursion followed by a

planned withdrawal• Amphibious Assault

– Principle type - We are here to stay

• Amphibious Withdrawal– To disengage forces for

employment elsewhere

Phases of Amphibious Assaults

• PERMA:– Planning– Embarkation– Rehearsal– Movement– Assault

• Real life is usually EMPRA

• Command relations: CATF (USN), CLF

MAGTF• What is it?

– A combination of Marine ground, aviation, and support units

– Task organized for specific missions (tailored in size and capability)

• How does it operate?– Combined Arms– Fire and Maneuver– Joint Operations

• Navy/Marine Team• Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines,

Coast Guard

Types of MAGTFs

• Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF)• Marine Expeditionary Brigade (MEB)• Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU)• Special Purpose MAGTF (SP-MAGTF)