NUTRITION/DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
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Transcript of NUTRITION/DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
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NUTRITION/DIGESTIVESYSTEM
NUTRITION
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I. NUTRIENTS – 6 A. Carbohydrates – sugary or starchy food
1. Fruits, vegetables, grains, potatoes, pasta, & fiber (undigestible cellulose)
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2. polysaccharide (many sugars)
monosaccharide (1 sugar)
S – S – S – S – S – S – S – S – S – S – S
3. used for energy for cell respiration
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B. Fats (Lipids)/Oils
1. ex. Butter, ice cream, red meat, cookies, chips, french fries, cheese
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2. Fats Fatty Acids
FA - FA - FA
3. Used for energy (burned last, often stored as fat)
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C. Protein
1. ex. Meat, fish, nuts, beans, eggs, & dairy products
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Protein
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Protein
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2. Polypeptides amino acids
AA – AA – AA – AA – AA – AA – AA – AA
3. used for body building & repair of muscles, organs, cells, blood, hair, & fingernails
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D. Vitamins
1. organic substance found in tiny amounts in plants & animals
2. Vitamin A (carrots: eyes)
Vit. C (citrus fruits: immune system)
Vit. D (sun, milk: bones)
Vit. K (made in l.i.: clots blood)
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Vitamins
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E. Minerals
1. inorganic substance found in water & foods
2. ex. Sodium (salt: nerves & muscles) Potassium (bananas: nerves & muscles) Calcium (milk: bones) Iron (red meat: blood)
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F. Water
1. need 8 glasses/day; most of body contains water
2. needed for chemical reactions, digestion, etc.
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Nutrients
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II. Living RightA. Follow the new Food Plate1. eat mostly breads & cereals, then
fruits & vegetables, then milk & meat
2. go sparingly on the fats, oils, & sweets
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B. Exercise
1. minimum 5x/wk – 30 min.; (kids – 7x/wk – 60 min.)
2. cardiovascular exercises to strengthen heart
3. weights to strengthen bones & prevent osteoporosis
4. stretching to prevent injury
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C. Watch your weight – keep within recommended levels
D. Watch your cholesterol – should be under 200 to help prevent heart attacks & strokes
E. Have regular check-ups by your physician
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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
I. Types of Digestion A. Mechanical/Physical – breakdown by
physical means – does not change chemically; ex. chewing, churning, wetting
B. Chemical breakdown chemically into new substance by enzymes; ex. amylase, pepsin, sucrase, lipase
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Types of Digestion – 0:27
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II. Digestive System Structures
A. Mouth
1. teeth – grind food; ex. molars, bicuspids, cuspids, incisors; brush min. 2x/day; floss; see dentist 2x/year
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2. tongue maneuvers food into a bolus
3. salivary glands – produces saliva: water, mucous, & amylase (converts starches to sugars)
(epiglottis – flap which covers windpipe)
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Mouth Digestion – 1:08
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B. Esophagus – connects mouth to stomach;
peristalsis (involuntary muscle contraction which pushes food down through digestive tract)
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C. Stomach – makes gastric juice: mucous, HCl (enables pepsin to work & kills bacteria), and pepsin (begins breaking down protein)
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Stomach Digestion – 1:33
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D. Small Intestine (most digestion & absorption)
1. secretes intestinal juice – digests proteins, starches, & fats
2. villi – fingerlike projections lining through which nutrients are absorbed
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SMALL INTESTINE HELPERS – (undigested food does NOT pass
through the liver or pancreas)- LIVER – produces bile (separates fat);
gall bladder stores bile
- PANCREAS – produces pancreatic juice; helps digest all 3 nutrients
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Small Intestine – 2:15
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E. Large Intestine (colon)
1. Undigested food (cellulose) forms feces
2. Water & minerals absorbed through walls into blood
3. Vit. K made
4. Mucous helps bind & wastes excreted out
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Large Intestine – 0:58
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Final Stage of Digestion – 0:21
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