Nutritional Needs Throughout the Life Cycle
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Transcript of Nutritional Needs Throughout the Life Cycle
Nutritional Needs Throughout the Life CyclePreschooler
Case Study: Preschooler• Girl• 3 years old• Family situation:
nuclear family• Nutrition concern:
male family member has high cholesterol
Canada’s Food GuideRecommendations apply for children 2 – 3 years old (does not change based on gender)• Vegetables and fruit• 4 servings
• Grain products• 3 servings
• Milk and alternatives• 2 servings
• Meat and alternatives• 1 serving
Nutrient Requirements: MacronutrientsMacronutrient Recommended daily
amountTotal water 1.3 L
Carbohydrate 130 g
Fibre 19 g
Fat 30 – 40 % of total energy
Carbohydrate 45 – 65 % of total energy
Protein 5 – 20 % total energy
Nutrient Requirements: VitaminsVitamin Recommended
daily amount
Vitamin A 300 gμ
Vitamin C 15 mg
Vitamin D 15 gμ
Vitamin E 6 mg
Vitamin K 30 gμ
Thiamin 0.5 mg
Riboflavin 0.5 mg
Vitamin Recommended daily amount
Niacin 6 mg
Vitamin B6 0.5 mg
Folate 150 gμ
Vitamin B12 0.9 gμ
Pantothenic acid 2 mg
Biotin 8 gμ
Choline 200 mg
Nutrient Requirements: MineralsMineral Recommended
Daily Amount
Calcium 700 mg
Chromium 11 gμ
Copper 340 gμ
Fluoride 0.7 mg
Iodine 90 gμ
Iron 7 mg
Magnesium 80 mg
Minerals Recommended daily amount
Manganese 1.2 mg
Molybdenum 17 gμ
Phosphorus 460 mg
Selenium 20 gμ
Zinc 3 mg
Potassium 3.0 g
Sodium 1.0 g
Characteristics: Preschooler• Physically smaller
than adults• Strong likes and
dislikes• Easily influenced by
peers, adults and media (commercials and TV shows)• Gaining autonomy
Key issues• Young children must eat nutrient dense foods because they
eat much less food than adults (physical limitations)• Preschoolers can be very picky eaters and forcing children to
eat will create behavioural problems and poor eating habits• A nutritious diet is important for optimal development
(including physical and intellectual) and can have an impact on their future
• Time constraints: Nuclear families with kids involved in extracurricular activities and parents who both work full-time often find it difficult to find time to make nutritious meals and sit down to eat them together
Encourage good eating habits• Give preschoolers choices. For example, carrots or corn with
dinner.• Keep the atmosphere at the table quiet, happy, and relaxed
with conversation.• Do not play tricks. Tricks and punishment with food cause
distrust and unhealthy attitudes.• Do not use sweets as a reward (they will seem more desirable
than they are).• Show children that food and cooking can be fun.• Allow children to have more autonomy. Give them their own
plastic cutlery and dishware.
Menu: One-day• Breakfast:• 15 g whole-grain cereal (1/2 serving grain)• ¼ cup fresh blueberries (1/2 serving fruits vegetable)• 1 cup 2% milk (1 serving milk)• ½ cup orange juice (1 serving fruit)• Children’s multivitamin
• Snack:• 6 whole-wheat crackers (1/2 serving grain)• 25 g cheddar cheese slices (1/2 serving milk)
• Lunch:• Peanut butter (1 tbsp) and jelly sandwich (1 slice) (1 grain + 1/2 meat and alternatives)• 4 carrot and celery sticks (1/2 serving vegetable)• 1 extra -small oatmeal muffin (1/2 serving grain)
• Snack:• ½ granola bar (1/2 serving grain)• ½ apple (1/2 serving fruit)
• Dinner:• ½ boiled potato (1/2 serving vegetable)• ½ cup mixed corn and carrots (1 serving vegetable)• 1 ¼ oz. cubed chicken breast (1/2 serving meat)• ½ cup 2 % milk (1/2 serving)
Menu: eaTracker analysis
Nutrient Units Intake from foodand supplements
Recommendeddaily intake
Calories kcal 1123 1300
Fat g 37.0 (30%) 30 – 40 %
Carbohydrate g 155.8 (55 %) 130 g (45 – 64 %)
Fibre g 15.9 19
Protein g 51.4 (18 %) 5 – 20 %
Macronutrients
Menu: eaTracker analysis
VitaminsNutrient Units Intake from food
and supplements Recommendeddaily intake
Vitamin A RAE 1379.1 300
Vitamin C mg 133.4 15
Vitamin D mcg 14.1 15
Vitamin E mg 3.7 6
Thiamin mg 2.4 0.5
Riboflavin mg 2.7 0.5
Niacin NE 32.9 6
Folate DFE 220.9 150
Vitamin B6 mg 2.2 0.5
Vitamin B12 mcg 5.5 0.9
Menu: eaTracker analysis
MineralsNutrient Units Intake from food
and supplements Recommendeddaily intake
Calcium mg 805.9 700
Iron mg 5.9 7
Sodium mg 895.1 1000
Potassium mg 2133.0 3000
Recipe: Celery Race Cars
Recipe: Celery Race CarsIngredients• peanut butter• 4 ribs celery, cut in half• 16 toothpicks• 2 large carrots, sliced into 1/2 inch rounds• 8 chocolate chipsDirections1. Using a butter knife, spread peanut butter in the cavity of each of
the celery rib halves.2. Pierce each of the celery ribs with two toothpicks (one at each
end), pushing all the way through. This forms the "axle" for the car's wheels.
3. Attach carrot rounds to the ends of the toothpicks (4 per car).4. Place one chocolate chip on each car (this is the driver's head).5. Enjoy!
Recipe: Explanation• Makes eating fun for kids• Also contains vegetables and protein-rich peanut butter (best
to buy a natural peanut butter rather than commercial brand names)
• Skippy, Kraft peanut butters contain high amounts of added sugar that is not beneficial for a preschoolers diet
• Note: Could replace chocolate chip with raisin to decrease added sugars.
ReferencesCelery race cars (n.d.). Tablespoon. Retrieved from
http://www.tablespoon.com/recipes/celery-race-cars-recipe/1/?utm_source=blog&utm_medium=embed&utm_campaign=recipe-img
Health Canada. (2007). Eating well with Canada’s food guide (HC Pub.: 4651). Ottawa: Queen’s Printer.
Johnston, P. (1996). Good times at mealtime. National Network for Childcare. Retrieved from: http://www.nncc.org/series/good.time.meal.html
United States Department of Agriculture. (2010). Dietary reference intakes: Recommended intakes for individuals [datafile]. Retrieved from http://www.iom.edu/Activities/Nutrition/SummaryDRIs/~/media/Files/Activity%20Files/Nutrition/DRIs/5_Summary%20Table%20Tables%201-4.pdf