NUTRITION: THE CIRCULATORY AND EXCRETORY SYSTEMS...The excretory system is the group of organs that...

Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor

NUTRITION:THECIRCULATORYANDEXCRETORYSYSTEMS


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•  Theinternalenvironment•  Bloodcomposi3on•  Bloodvessels•  Heart•  Heartbeat•  Bloodcircula3on•  Lympha3csystem•  Excretorysystem•  Nephron•  Healthyhabitsofthecirculatory

andexcretorysystems

NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems


THEINTERNALENVIRONMENT





All cells need to live in aenvironment that providesthem with all the nutrientsthey need. In addi3on, thesame environment allowsce l l s to re l ease was tesubstances resul3ng fromtheirmetabolism.

The internal environment isformedbyintersKKalplasma.

Capillary

IntersKKalplasmaBloodprovidescells

withthenutrientstheyneed.

Bloodremoveswasteproductsproducedduringcellmetabolism.

Tissuecellsexchangesubstanceswiththeinters33alplasma.



BLOODCOMPOSITION





watermineralsaltsproteinslipidsglucosewasteproducts

erythrocyte

leucocytesthrombocytes

Plasma

albuminglobulinfibrinogen

ureauricacid

Cells

lymphocytesmonocytesgranulocytes

eosinophilsbasophilsneutrophils



BLOODVESSELS





Bloodflowsthroughthecirculatorysystem,whichisconstructedbysomechannelscalledbloodvessels,andbyadriverorgan,theheart.

•  Arteries:thesecarrybloodfromthehearttootherorgans.Theyhavewidemuscularwallsandareelas3c.

•  Veins:thesecarrybloodfrom3ssuestotheheart.Theyhavethinnerwallsthanarteries.Inaddi3on,theyhavevalvesthatstopbloodfromgoingbackwards.

•  Capillaries:thesearemicroscopicbloodvesselslocatedinalltheorganism's3ssues.Capillariesareformedbywallsthatonlyhaveonelayerofcells.

Direc3onflow

Arteriole Venule Direc3onflow

Artery

Capillary

Vein

Connec3ve3ssueEndothelium(a

layerofcells)Connec3ve3ssue

Elas3cfibresandsmoothmuscle

Fibraselás3casymusculaturalisa

Valve



HEART





Theheart isahollowmuscularorgan. It isdivided into two parts, the leO and right,whicharecompletelyseparate.Each half of the heart is subdivided intotwochambers:anuppersmallerchambernamed the atrium, and a larger lowerchambernamedtheventricle.



HEARTBEATS





Aheartbeatisthemovementthatpumpsblood.Itperformsthreephases:

1.   Atrialsystole:theatriumscontractandbloodispropelledthroughtheopenedatrioventricularvalvesintotheventricles.

2.Ventricularsystole:ventriclescontract,thesigmoidvalvesopenandthebloodcontainedinthemexitsthroughthepulmonaryarteryandtheaorta.Simultaneously,thevalvesthatconnectwithventriclesclose.

3.Diastole:theheartrelaxesandsucksbloodcomingfromthecavaandpulmonaryveinsintotheatriums.Bloodpropelledtowardsthearteriesduringtheventricularsystoledoesn'treturntotheventriclesthankstotheac3onofthesigmoidalvalves,whichcloseupandpreventthisfromhappening.



BLOODCIRCULATION





Our cardiovascular system is adouble system and goes throughtwo separate circuits: systemic andpulmonary. aorta

headandbloodsuperiorvena

cava

lungs

liver

StomachandintesKne

pulmonaryvein

mesentericartery

hepaKcartery

kidneys,genitalsandlegs

pulmonaryartery

hepaKcveinhepaKcportalvein

inferiorvenacava

Systemic circuit: blood starts in theleO ventricle and goes through theaorta,whichbranches intoarterioles,and then into capillaries, reaching allthe 3ssues and organs except thelungs.

Pulmonary circuit: it begins in theright ventricle from which thepulmonary artery starts (this arterybranches into two,with each branchconnec3ngwithalung).



LYMPHATICSYSTEM





Lymph:atransparentliquidcomposedoflymphocytesandinters33alplasma.Inters33alplasmaisformedwhenbloodplasmaisfilteredasittravelstothe3ssues.Fromthere,it'scollectedbylymphaKccapillaries.

LymphaKcvessels:lympha3ccapillariesareclosedononeendandarefoundin3ssuesjoiningintoincreasinglybiggerconduitsknownaslymphveins.

artery

cell

lymphvessel

vein

Capilar

Bloodprovidesnutrientsandremoveswasteproductsfromtheorganism’scells.

Someoftheinters33alplasmagoestothelympha3cvessels.



EXCRETORYSYSTEM





Theexcretorysystem is thegroupoforgans that facilitate the elimina3onof waste products produced by cellsaOercellmetabolism.

The urinary system plays animportant role in the excretorysystem,formedbythekidneysandtheurinarytracts.

rightkidney

inferiorvenacava

ureter

bladderurethra

aortaartery

leOkidney

renalarteryrenalvein

suprarrenalcapsule



NEPHRON





Nephrons are the structural andfunc3onalunitsofthekidneys.Theyare tubeswith one closed end andaresurroundedbybloodcapillaries.

They are responsible for filteringbloodandformingurine,aswellasregula3ng water and mineralcontentintheblood.Eachkidneyisformedbyoveramillionnephrons.

arteriole

venule

capillarynetwork(reabsorp3onarea)

loopofHenle

collectortube

totherenalpelvis

glomerulus

proximalconvoluted

tube

Bowman’scapsule

distalconvolutedtube




In order to ensure that our circulatory and excretory systems func3onadequately,it'sessen3altoincorporatehealthyhabitsintoourlifestyle.

Abalanceddiet,adequatehygieneandexercisingregularly,aswellasavoidingstress,arekeystomaintainingbothsystemshealthy.


NUTRITION: THE CIRCULATORY AND EXCRETORY SYSTEMS...The excretory system is the group of organs that...

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