Nutrition Basics and Terminology By Jennifer Turley and Joan Thompson © 2013 Cengage.
Nutrition Terminology #1
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Transcript of Nutrition Terminology #1
NutritionNutritionTerminology #1Terminology #1
NutritionNutritionFatsFatsHyperalimentationHyperalimentationMineralsMineralsGastrostomy tubeGastrostomy tubeFluidsFluidsFull liquid dietFull liquid diet
Terminology #2Terminology #2Mechanical soft dietMechanical soft dietADA (American Diet Association) dietADA (American Diet Association) dietPureed diet Pureed diet Clothes protector (i.e., towel, bib)Clothes protector (i.e., towel, bib)Cellulose or fiberCellulose or fiberDiaphoresisDiaphoresisDiuresisDiuresis
Terminology #3Terminology #3EmesisEmesisEssential nutrientsEssential nutrientsExpectorate Expectorate Forcing fluidsForcing fluidsIntake and output (I & O)Intake and output (I & O)Therapeutic dietsTherapeutic diets
Terminology #4Terminology #4CarbohydratesCarbohydratesProteinsProteinsIntravenous infusionIntravenous infusionVitamins Vitamins Nasogastric tubeNasogastric tubeClear liquid dietClear liquid dietSoft dietSoft diet
Terminology #5Terminology #5Low sodium dietLow sodium dietLow fat dietLow fat dietBland dietBland dietAmino acidsAmino acidsDehydrationDehydrationDigestion Digestion EdemaEdema
Terminology #6Terminology #6Enteral feedingEnteral feedingExchange listExchange listFatsFatsGavageGavageNutrientsNutrientsTotal parenteral nutrition (TPN)Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
Body’s need for food and fluidsBody’s need for food and fluidsProvide energy for daily livingProvide energy for daily livingPromote growth and repair of tissuePromote growth and repair of tissueProvide the necessary substances for Provide the necessary substances for regulation of bodily functionsregulation of bodily functionsA balanced diet is essential to good A balanced diet is essential to good healthhealthA balanced diet is composed of A balanced diet is composed of sufficient nutrientssufficient nutrients
Common nutrients and their food Common nutrients and their food sourcessources
CarbohydratesCarbohydratesProteins Proteins FatsFatsVitaminsVitaminsMineralsMineralsDietary fiberDietary fiberWater Water
Basic four food groupsBasic four food groupsMeat groupMeat group
Dairy groupDairy group
Vegetable and fruit groupVegetable and fruit group
Bread and cereal groupBread and cereal group
Vegan basic four food groupsVegan basic four food groupsWhole grainsWhole grains
VegetablesVegetables
FruitsFruits
legumeslegumes
Special nutritional needs of the Special nutritional needs of the elderlyelderly
Fewer calories if they are less activeFewer calories if they are less activeAdditional vitamins and minerals due Additional vitamins and minerals due to digestive disturbancesto digestive disturbancesMedications may interfere with Medications may interfere with digestion and nutrient usedigestion and nutrient usePoor oral hygiene or ill-fitting Poor oral hygiene or ill-fitting dentures dentures
Special nutritional needs of the Special nutritional needs of the elderly #2elderly #2
Ability to taste foods could be Ability to taste foods could be diminisheddiminishedMany common diseases interfere Many common diseases interfere with eatingwith eatingSocial isolation may interfere with Social isolation may interfere with appetiteappetite
Diets commonly ordered in diet Diets commonly ordered in diet therapy for residentstherapy for residents
Low sodiumLow sodiumDiabetic (ADA) Diabetic (ADA) Low fatLow fatBlandBlandMechanical softMechanical softPureed Pureed
Diets commonly ordered in diet Diets commonly ordered in diet therapy for residents #2therapy for residents #2
Full liquid dietFull liquid diet
Clear liquidClear liquid
SoftSoft
Liquids and foods allowed for the Liquids and foods allowed for the “special” hospital diets-Role of NA“special” hospital diets-Role of NASee that the residents received the See that the residents received the diets ordereddiets orderedReport any problemsReport any problemsAssist the doctors and nurses in Assist the doctors and nurses in evaluating a resident’s fluid balanceevaluating a resident’s fluid balanceCalculate and record resident’s food Calculate and record resident’s food intakeintake
Proper technique for feeding Proper technique for feeding residentsresidents
Provide a comfortable and enjoyable Provide a comfortable and enjoyable atmosphereatmosphereProviding feeding assistanceProviding feeding assistanceServing resident’s in their roomServing resident’s in their roomServing resident’s in dining roomServing resident’s in dining room
Prevention of choking Prevention of choking Close supervision when eatingClose supervision when eatingFollow resident’s individual feeding Follow resident’s individual feeding planplanCut food into small piecesCut food into small piecesProceed at the resident’s paceProceed at the resident’s paceSit down while feeding the helpless Sit down while feeding the helpless residentresident
Recognition of signs of chokingRecognition of signs of chokingInability to speakInability to speak
coughingcoughing
Dietary modifications affiliated with Dietary modifications affiliated with religious culturesreligious cultures
No pork-JewsNo pork-JewsNo coffee, tea, alcohol-Mormon, No coffee, tea, alcohol-Mormon, Seventh Day AdventistSeventh Day AdventistNo milk products-AsianNo milk products-AsianNo beef-East IndianNo beef-East IndianNo alcohol, pork-MuslimNo alcohol, pork-Muslim
Alternative ways to administer Alternative ways to administer nutritionnutrition
Tube feedingsTube feedings
Intravenous infusionIntravenous infusion
Terminology #2Terminology #2IntegumentaryIntegumentaryDermisDermisEpidermisEpidermisAbrasionAbrasionCyanosisCyanosisExcoriationExcoriationDecubitus ulcerDecubitus ulcer
Terminology #3Terminology #3NecrosisNecrosisUrineUrineProsthesisProsthesisUrinalUrinalUrinationUrinationCatheterCatheter
Terminology #4Terminology #4FecesFecesEliminationEliminationFecal impactionFecal impactionAnal incontinenceAnal incontinenceFlatulenceFlatulenceConstipationConstipationDiarrhea Diarrhea
Terminology #5Terminology #5OstomyOstomyColostomyColostomyileostomyileostomyStoolStoolStomaStomaDefecationDefecation
Daily routine care/Early MorningDaily routine care/Early MorningOffer bedpan/urinal or assist to Offer bedpan/urinal or assist to bathroombathroomWash face and handsWash face and handsOffer oral hygieneOffer oral hygieneStraighten bed and unitStraighten bed and unitPosition resident for breakfastPosition resident for breakfast
Morning care after breakfastMorning care after breakfastOral hygieneOral hygieneOffer bedpan/urinal or assist to Offer bedpan/urinal or assist to bathroombathroomBathingBathingShavingShavingSkin careSkin careDressingDressingHair careHair careChange bed linensChange bed linens
Prepare for mealsPrepare for mealsLunch and dinnerLunch and dinner
Offer bedpan/urinal or assist to Offer bedpan/urinal or assist to bathroombathroomWash hands/faceWash hands/faceStraighten bed/unitStraighten bed/unitPosition for mealPosition for meal
Afternoon careAfternoon careOffer bedpan/urinal or assist to Offer bedpan/urinal or assist to bathroombathroomWash face and handsWash face and handsOral hygieneOral hygieneGrooming as necessaryGrooming as necessaryChange soiled linenChange soiled linenStraighten unitStraighten unit
Evening (HS) careEvening (HS) careOffer bedpan/urinal or assist to Offer bedpan/urinal or assist to bathroombathroomWash face and handsWash face and handsOral hygieneOral hygieneChange soiled linenChange soiled linenDress for bedDress for bedBack massageBack massageStraighten unitStraighten unit
Benefits of bathingBenefits of bathingCleanlinessCleanlinessReduce bacteria and germsReduce bacteria and germsPromote skin integrityPromote skin integrityStimulate circulationStimulate circulationProvide movement and exerciseProvide movement and exerciseRelaxationRelaxationSense of well-beingSense of well-beingOpportunity for communication and Opportunity for communication and observationobservation
Body areas that require bathingBody areas that require bathingFaceFaceUnderarms (axilla)Underarms (axilla)HandsHandsPerineal areaPerineal areaAny area where skin folds or creasesAny area where skin folds or creases
Types of bathsTypes of bathsShowerShowerTub/whirlpool, medicinalTub/whirlpool, medicinalComplete bed bathComplete bed bathPartial bed bathPartial bed bath
General guidelines for bathing General guidelines for bathing residentsresidents
Check with nurse regarding type of Check with nurse regarding type of bathbathRefer to procedure manual for special Refer to procedure manual for special bathsbathsIdentify skin care products to be usedIdentify skin care products to be usedCheck resident’s personal choicesCheck resident’s personal choicesCollect necessary equipmentCollect necessary equipmentProvide privacyProvide privacy
General guidelines for bathing General guidelines for bathing residents #2residents #2
Assure adequate comfortAssure adequate comfortUse comfortably warm water, change Use comfortably warm water, change it when it becomes soapy, dirty or it when it becomes soapy, dirty or coldcoldBathe areas soiled by fecal material Bathe areas soiled by fecal material or urine or urine Wash from cleanest to dirtiest areaWash from cleanest to dirtiest areaRinse off all soapRinse off all soapPat skin dryPat skin dry
Safety Guidelines for bathingSafety Guidelines for bathingMonitor correct water temperatureMonitor correct water temperatureUse safety equipmentUse safety equipmentStay with residentStay with residentUse correct body mechanicsUse correct body mechanics
Privacy during bathingPrivacy during bathingClose door Close door
Pull curtain around residentPull curtain around resident
Only uncover area being washedOnly uncover area being washed
Observations to be made during Observations to be made during bathing/skinbathing/skin
ColorColorRashesRashesDrynessDrynessBruisesBruisesOdorsOdorsSwellingSwelling
Observations/Fingernails,toenails,Observations/Fingernails,toenails,hair,eyes and Mental Status #2hair,eyes and Mental Status #2
Presence of nitsPresence of nitsColor of scleraColor of scleraOrientation/alertnessOrientation/alertnessMoodMoodAttitudeAttitude
Observations that require reportingObservations that require reportingskinskin
ColorColorNew rashesNew rashesNew bruises, broken skin, bleedingNew bruises, broken skin, bleedingUnusual odorsUnusual odorsComplaints of painComplaints of pain
Observations that required Observations that required reporting/ Fingernails, hairreporting/ Fingernails, hair
New Yellow, thickened nailsNew Yellow, thickened nailsNew significant hair lossNew significant hair lossFlakingFlakingSore scalpSore scalpNitsNits
Observations that require reportingObservations that require reportingEyes and Mental statusEyes and Mental status
RednessRednessYellowing of scleraYellowing of scleraDisorientationDisorientationDepressionDepressionDevelopment of unresponsivenessDevelopment of unresponsiveness
Types of medicinal bathsTypes of medicinal bathsBranBranOatmealOatmealStarchStarchSodium bicarbonateSodium bicarbonateEpsom saltsEpsom saltsPine productsPine productsSulfurSulfurSaltSalt
Purposes of medicinal bathsPurposes of medicinal bathsSoothing sedationSoothing sedation
Relief of pruritisRelief of pruritis
Relief of skin disorder (dry skin, Relief of skin disorder (dry skin, irritation, rash)irritation, rash)
Oral hygiene / PurposeOral hygiene / PurposeCleanliness of mouth and teethCleanliness of mouth and teethPrevent mouth odor and infectionPrevent mouth odor and infectionPrevent tooth lossPrevent tooth lossComfortComfortPleasant tastePleasant tasteImprove taste of foodImprove taste of food
Oral hygiene / When to performOral hygiene / When to performOn awakeningOn awakening
After each mealAfter each meal
Bed timeBed time
Oral hygiene / Special Oral hygiene / Special circumstancescircumstances
UnconsciousUnconsciousMouth breatherMouth breatherO2O2NG tubeNG tubeElevated temperatureElevated temperature
Steps of oral hygieneSteps of oral hygieneCarry out procedure using standard Carry out procedure using standard precautionsprecautions
Examine oral cavity and report Examine oral cavity and report findingsfindings
Steps in cleaning and care of Steps in cleaning and care of denturesdentures
Use standard precautionsUse standard precautions
Examine oral cavity and report Examine oral cavity and report findingsfindings
Nurse assistant role for resident Nurse assistant role for resident nail carenail care
Easier to clean after soaking in Easier to clean after soaking in warm, soapy waterwarm, soapy waterBe cautious to prevent damage to Be cautious to prevent damage to tissuestissuesReport unusual conditions to nurseReport unusual conditions to nurseFollow facility procedureFollow facility procedure
Nurse assistant role / caring for hairNurse assistant role / caring for hairPart of daily carePart of daily care
Important for identity and self-Important for identity and self-esteemesteem
Accommodate resident preferences Accommodate resident preferences for style, hair productsfor style, hair products
Nurse assistant role / types Nurse assistant role / types shampooshampoo
Shower / tubShower / tub
SinkSink
BedBed
Nurse assistant role / purpose of Nurse assistant role / purpose of Medicinal ShampooMedicinal Shampoo
Eradicate liceEradicate lice
ScabiesScabies
Soothe / heal irritated skinSoothe / heal irritated skin
Shaving a resident / GuidelinesShaving a resident / GuidelinesUse either electric or safety razorUse either electric or safety razorUse appropriate safety precautions Use appropriate safety precautions for electrical equipmentfor electrical equipmentSafety razors can cause nicks or cutsSafety razors can cause nicks or cutsUse standard precautions to prevent Use standard precautions to prevent contact with bloodcontact with blood
Functions of the integumentary Functions of the integumentary systemsystem
Provides protective barrier against Provides protective barrier against microorganismsmicroorganismsEnables the body to feel pain, Enables the body to feel pain, pressure, and temperaturepressure, and temperatureShields body tissue from injuryShields body tissue from injuryInsulates against heat and coldInsulates against heat and coldEliminates waste productsEliminates waste productsProduces Vitamin D for body useProduces Vitamin D for body use
How to maintain healthy skinHow to maintain healthy skinEncourage well-balanced diet and Encourage well-balanced diet and fluidsfluidsMaintain skin careMaintain skin careObserve color and temperatureObserve color and temperatureGive special attention to bony Give special attention to bony prominencesprominences
Age –related changes affecting the Age –related changes affecting the skinskin
Excessively dry areasExcessively dry areas
Elasticity decreased, causing Elasticity decreased, causing wrinkleswrinkles
Thinner layersThinner layers
Residents at risk for skin Residents at risk for skin breakdownbreakdown
Elderly residentsElderly residentsResidents who have no sensation of Residents who have no sensation of painpainParalyzed residentsParalyzed residentsResidents with edemaResidents with edemaThin residentsThin residentsDiabetic, Overweight, in castsDiabetic, Overweight, in castsUnconscious, sedated residentsUnconscious, sedated residents
Conditions which cause decubitus Conditions which cause decubitus ulcersulcers
PressurePressureDecreased blood flow to an areaDecreased blood flow to an areaWet skinWet skinScratches from fingernailsScratches from fingernailsDry skinDry skin
Decubitus ulcers #2 / Signs and Decubitus ulcers #2 / Signs and symptoms or stagessymptoms or stages
Stage oneStage one
Stage twoStage two
Stage threeStage three
Decubitus ulcers #3 / Bony Decubitus ulcers #3 / Bony prominencesprominences
SacrumSacrumHeelsHeelsKneesKneesShouldersShouldersBack of headBack of headHipsHipsAnkles, Elbows and EarsAnkles, Elbows and Ears
Decubitus ulcers / Preventive Decubitus ulcers / Preventive nursing care measuresnursing care measures
Keep skin clean and dryKeep skin clean and dryUse only small amounts of powder Use only small amounts of powder and lotionand lotionWash after each incontinent episodeWash after each incontinent episodeKeep safety devices, clothing, and Keep safety devices, clothing, and bedding from being too tightbedding from being too tightKeep edges of casts and braces from Keep edges of casts and braces from pressing against the skinpressing against the skin
Decubitus ulcers / Preventive Decubitus ulcers / Preventive nursing care measures #2nursing care measures #2
Remove crumbsRemove crumbsAvoid wrinkles in beddingAvoid wrinkles in beddingKeep tubes from pressing on the skinKeep tubes from pressing on the skinRemove residents from toilets and Remove residents from toilets and bedpans promptlybedpans promptlyKeep your nails short and smoothKeep your nails short and smooth
Decubitus ulcers / Use of pressure-Decubitus ulcers / Use of pressure-reducing devices # 3reducing devices # 3
Bed cradleBed cradleSheepskinSheepskinHeel and elbow protectorsHeel and elbow protectorsEgg crate mattressEgg crate mattressAlternating pressure matressAlternating pressure matressClinitron bedClinitron bedTrochanter rollsTrochanter rollsFlotation pads or cushionsFlotation pads or cushions
Decubitus ulcers # 4Decubitus ulcers # 4Turn or change resident’s position Turn or change resident’s position every two hoursevery two hoursEncourage circulation by gentle Encourage circulation by gentle massage around areamassage around areaTeach resident to change position Teach resident to change position frequentlyfrequentlyAssist with range of motion exercisesAssist with range of motion exercisesApply lotion to dry skin areasApply lotion to dry skin areas
Dressing Residents / Types of Dressing Residents / Types of ClothingClothing
CardiganCardiganPulloverPulloverPantsPantsDisposable briefDisposable briefShoes and stockingsShoes and stockingsAccessories Accessories
Physical factors that limit a Physical factors that limit a resident’s ability to dressresident’s ability to dress
Lack of maturationLack of maturationBrain impairmentBrain impairmentWeaknessWeaknessPainPainFracturesFracturesContracturesContracturesParalysisParalysisLack of visionLack of visionPsychological factorsPsychological factors
Caring for resident clothingCaring for resident clothingLabel garmentsLabel garmentsAvoid cuttingAvoid cuttingDo not discardDo not discardStore in the resident’s unitStore in the resident’s unitFold neatly or hang in closetFold neatly or hang in closetAssist resident or family to choose Assist resident or family to choose clothing that meets physical needsclothing that meets physical needs
Purposes for dressing a residentPurposes for dressing a residentHow we look influences the way we How we look influences the way we feel about ourselvesfeel about ourselvesIt encourages resident to be It encourages resident to be independentindependentIt discourages incontinenceIt discourages incontinence
Guidelines for dressing and Guidelines for dressing and undressing a residentundressing a resident
Provide for privacyProvide for privacyEncourage the resident to do as Encourage the resident to do as much as possiblemuch as possibleAllow residents to choose what to Allow residents to choose what to wearwearRemove clothing from the strong or Remove clothing from the strong or good side firstgood side firstPut clothing on weak side firstPut clothing on weak side first
Ways the body eliminates wasteWays the body eliminates wasteUrinary elimination (Urine)Urinary elimination (Urine)
Bowel elimination (Feces)Bowel elimination (Feces)
Urinary EliminationUrinary EliminationThe body excretes 1000 to 1500 ml The body excretes 1000 to 1500 ml of urine / dayof urine / dayUrine consists of the wastes and Urine consists of the wastes and excess fluidsexcess fluidsResidents have different urination Residents have different urination needsneedsKeep resident’s routine as normal as Keep resident’s routine as normal as possiblepossible
Characteristics of normal urineCharacteristics of normal urineClearClear
Amber ( Medium Yellow) colorAmber ( Medium Yellow) color
Mild odorMild odor
Frequency of urinationFrequency of urinationAmount of fluid ingestedAmount of fluid ingestedPersonal habitsPersonal habitsAvailability of toilet facilitiesAvailability of toilet facilitiesPhysical activitiesPhysical activitiesIllnessIllnessRanges from every 2-3 hours to Ranges from every 2-3 hours to every 8-12 hoursevery 8-12 hours
Observations to be made about Observations to be made about urineurine
ColorColor
ClarityClarity
OdorOdor
AmountAmount
Information to report about urineInformation to report about urineCloudyCloudyPinkish or reddish tintPinkish or reddish tintResident complaints burning on Resident complaints burning on urinationurinationDifficulty in urinationDifficulty in urinationFeeling of pressureFeeling of pressureFrequencyFrequencyStrong OdorStrong Odor
Urinary incontinenceUrinary incontinenceInability to control the passage of Inability to control the passage of urine from the bladderurine from the bladder
Constant dribbleConstant dribbleOccasional dribble when laugh, Occasional dribble when laugh, cough or sneezecough or sneezeNo controlNo control
Urinary incontinence / CausesUrinary incontinence / CausesCentral nervous systemCentral nervous systemSpinal cord injurySpinal cord injuryAging and confusionAging and confusionMedicationsMedicationsWeak pelvic musclesWeak pelvic musclesUrinary tract infectionUrinary tract infectionProstate problemsProstate problemsProlapse of uterus and bladderProlapse of uterus and bladder
Catheter / DefinitionCatheter / Definition
Plastic or rubber tube used to drain Plastic or rubber tube used to drain or inject fluid through a body or inject fluid through a body opening, most commonly used to opening, most commonly used to drain the bladder.drain the bladder.
Catheter TypesCatheter Types
Indwelling CathetersIndwelling Catheters– FoleyFoley– RetentionRetention
Straight CathetersStraight Catheters
Catheter PurposeCatheter Purpose
Complete loss of bladder controlComplete loss of bladder control
Urinary retentionUrinary retention
Before, during and after surgical Before, during and after surgical proceduresprocedures
Catheter CareCatheter CareTubing should not be kinkedTubing should not be kinked
Bag placed below level of the bladderBag placed below level of the bladder
Bag should be attached to the bed Bag should be attached to the bed frame NOT the side table or side railframe NOT the side table or side rail
Should be secured to the inner thighShould be secured to the inner thigh
Catheter Care #2Catheter Care #2Clean the perineal area and around Clean the perineal area and around the catheterthe catheterBag should be emptied and Bag should be emptied and measured each shift ( or more often measured each shift ( or more often if ordered )if ordered )Report complaints promptly to the Report complaints promptly to the nursenurseFollow the rules of asepsis at all Follow the rules of asepsis at all timestimes
Bladder TrainingBladder TrainingGoal is voluntary control of bladderGoal is voluntary control of bladder
Two basic methods:Two basic methods:Scheduled use of bedpan, urinal or Scheduled use of bedpan, urinal or toilettoiletClamping of catheter on a schedule Clamping of catheter on a schedule basisbasis
Bowel EliminationBowel Elimination
The excretion of wastes from the gastro-The excretion of wastes from the gastro-intestinal systemintestinal system
Normal StoolNormal StoolBrownBrownSoftSoftFormedFormedCharacteristic odorCharacteristic odor
Bowel Elimination #2Bowel Elimination #2
Pattern: each person is differentPattern: each person is different
Frequency – daily to every 2-3 daysFrequency – daily to every 2-3 days
Time of day – morning or eveningTime of day – morning or evening
Factors influencing bowel Factors influencing bowel movementmovement
PrivacyPrivacyAgeAgeDietDietFluidsFluidsActivityActivityMedicationsMedications
Common Problems in eliminationCommon Problems in eliminationConstipationConstipation
Hard, dry stoolHard, dry stoolFeces that moves too slowly through Feces that moves too slowly through the bodythe bodyCaused by decreased fluids, diet, Caused by decreased fluids, diet, inactivity, ignoring the urge to inactivity, ignoring the urge to defecatedefecate
Common Problems in elimination Common Problems in elimination #2#2
Fecal ImpactionFecal Impaction
Stool is unable to pass from the Stool is unable to pass from the rectumrectumResults from unrelieved constipationResults from unrelieved constipation
Common Problems in elimination Common Problems in elimination #3#3
DiarrheaDiarrhea
Liquid or unformed stoolLiquid or unformed stoolFeces that moves rapidly through the Feces that moves rapidly through the intestinesintestinesCaused by infection, medications, Caused by infection, medications, irritating foodsirritating foods
Common Problems in elimination Common Problems in elimination #4#4
Anal IncontinenceAnal Incontinence
Inability to control the passage of Inability to control the passage of feces and gasfeces and gasPossible cause due to injury or Possible cause due to injury or diseases of the nervous systemdiseases of the nervous systemMay result when residents do not May result when residents do not receive the assistance they need in a receive the assistance they need in a timely mannertimely manner
Common Problems in elimination Common Problems in elimination #5#5
Flatulence ( gas )Flatulence ( gas )
Excessive formation of gas in the Excessive formation of gas in the stomach and intestinesstomach and intestinesCaused by foods, medications, or air-Caused by foods, medications, or air-swallowingswallowing
Maintaining Normal Elimination Maintaining Normal Elimination PatternPattern
Provide the bedpan, urinal or Provide the bedpan, urinal or commodecommodeAssist to get into normal positionAssist to get into normal positionCover the resident for privacyCover the resident for privacyRemain nearby if the person is weak Remain nearby if the person is weak or frailor frailPlace signal light and toilet tissue Place signal light and toilet tissue nearbynearby
Maintaining Normal Elimination Maintaining Normal Elimination Pattern #2Pattern #2
Allow the resident enough timeAllow the resident enough timeIf resident has difficulty, ask them If resident has difficulty, ask them what kinds of things they did at what kinds of things they did at homehomeProvide perineal care if neededProvide perineal care if neededOffer opportunity to eliminate at Offer opportunity to eliminate at regular intervalsregular intervals
Bowel TrainingBowel TrainingSuppository at a regular timeSuppository at a regular time
Increase fluidsIncrease fluids
DietDiet
ActivityActivity
PrivacyPrivacy
Purpose of an OstomyPurpose of an Ostomy
Artificial opening most commonly Artificial opening most commonly into colon or small intestineinto colon or small intestine
Allow healing of intestine after Allow healing of intestine after surgery or diseasesurgery or disease
Can be temporary or permanentCan be temporary or permanent
Types of OstomiesTypes of OstomiesCecostomyCecostomyColostomyColostomyIleostomyIleostomyJejunostomyJejunostomyDuodenostomyDuodenostomy
Location depends on the disease or injuryLocation depends on the disease or injuryCharacteristics of stool from different Characteristics of stool from different ostomiesostomies
Ostomy CareOstomy Care
EquipmentEquipmentEmptying the bagEmptying the bagSkin careSkin careOdor managementOdor management
Ostomy Care – Role of NAOstomy Care – Role of NA
Assist with personal hygieneAssist with personal hygieneProvide for privacyProvide for privacyChanging appliancesChanging appliancesEmptying ostomy bagEmptying ostomy bagProvide skin careProvide skin careUse Standard PrecautionsUse Standard Precautions
Measuring weight and heightMeasuring weight and heightOn admission and as orderedOn admission and as orderedWears gown or pajamasWears gown or pajamasUrinate before being weighedUrinate before being weighedDo routine weights at the same time Do routine weights at the same time each dayeach day
Types of prosthetic devices / Types of prosthetic devices / Artificial limbsArtificial limbs
Nursing considerationsNursing considerations
Ask charge nurse for guidelinesAsk charge nurse for guidelinesObserve ability to participate in ADL’sObserve ability to participate in ADL’sAssist resident to apply brace Assist resident to apply brace Maintain body alignmentMaintain body alignmentKeep call bell within reachKeep call bell within reachROM to affected musclesROM to affected muscles
Nursing considerations #2Nursing considerations #2Pad bracePad braceGive constant praise for Give constant praise for rehabilitative effortsrehabilitative effortsProvide skin careProvide skin careObserve for complaint of Observe for complaint of pain,numbness, or weaknesspain,numbness, or weakness
Artificial eyesArtificial eyesDaily removal are not necessaryDaily removal are not necessarySpecial concern to prevent infection Special concern to prevent infection of the eye socketof the eye socketReport redness, drainage, or crusting Report redness, drainage, or crusting of eyelashesof eyelashesStore the artificial eye in a container Store the artificial eye in a container labeled with the resident’s namelabeled with the resident’s name
Hearing aidsHearing aidsCheck the batteryCheck the batteryDo not drop or try to repair the Do not drop or try to repair the devicedeviceApply to the ear it is designed forApply to the ear it is designed forDo not allow thr device to get wetDo not allow thr device to get wet
Purposes of a hearing aidPurposes of a hearing aidRestore hearingRestore hearing
Always face the resident when Always face the resident when talkingtalkingSpeak clearlySpeak clearly
Parts of a hearing aidParts of a hearing aidMicrophoneMicrophoneAmplifierAmplifierEarmoldEarmoldCordCordOn / off switchOn / off switch
Placement of the hearing aidPlacement of the hearing aidTurn down the volumeTurn down the volumeIt should fit tightly but comfortablyIt should fit tightly but comfortablyTurn it on and adjust volumeTurn it on and adjust volumeCheck the placement if the resident Check the placement if the resident complains of an unpleasant whistlecomplains of an unpleasant whistleCheck the batteriesCheck the batteries
Caring for the hearing aidCaring for the hearing aidNever wash a hearing aidNever wash a hearing aidNever drop the hearing aidNever drop the hearing aidDo not expose to heatDo not expose to heatDo not let moisture get into the Do not let moisture get into the hearing aidhearing aidDo not use any kind of hair sprayDo not use any kind of hair spray
Talking to a partially deaf personTalking to a partially deaf personFace the residentFace the residentSpeak slowly and clearlySpeak slowly and clearlyDon’t cover your mouth or chew gumDon’t cover your mouth or chew gumSit on the side of the better earSit on the side of the better earUse short sentencesUse short sentencesRepeat and rephrase statementsRepeat and rephrase statementsFacial expressions and body languageFacial expressions and body languageReduce background noiseReduce background noise