NutritionReviewsVolume 63 December 2005 Number 12 (Part II)

Preventive Weekly Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation Can Improve Iron Status of Reproductive Age Women: Experience in Cambodia, the Philippines, and VietnamWorld Health Organization Western Pacifi c Region

ISSN 0029-6643 480 Ntr Rev NUREA8 63(12) [II] S63-S158 (2005) Printed on acid-free paper

A Publication of theInternational Life Sciences Institute

The International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) is a nonprofi t, worldwide foundation established in 1978 to advance the understanding of scientifi c issues relating to nutrition, food safety, toxicology, risk assessment, and the environment. By bringing together scientists from academia, government, industry, and the public sector, ILSI seeks a balanced approach to solving problems of common concern for the well-being of the general public.

ILSI, One Thomas Circle, N.W., Ninth Floor, Washington, D.C. USA 20005-5802

Preface

Importance of Pre-Pregnancy and Pregnancy Iron Status: Can Long-Term Weekly Preventive Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation Achieve Desirable and Safe Status?

Effectiveness of Weekly Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation to Prevent and Control Anemia among Women of Reproductive Age in Three Asian Countries: Development of the Master Protocol and Implementation Plan

Implementing Preventive Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation among Women of Reproductive Age in Some Western Pacifi c Countries: Possibilities and Challenges

Community Mobilization and Social Marketing to Promote Weekly Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation: a New Approach towards Controlling Anemia among Women of Reproductive Age in Vietnam

Community Mobilization and Social Marketing to Promote Weekly Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation in Women of Reproductive Age in Vietnam: Impact on Anemia and Iron Status

Weekly Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation to Improve Iron Status and Prevent Pregnancy Anemia in Filipino Women of Reproductive Age: The Philippine Experience through Government and Private Partnership

Government-Industry Partnership in Weekly Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation for Women of Reproductive Age: Impact on Iron Status

Weekly Iron-Folic Acid Supplements to Prevent Anemia among Cambodian Women in Three Settings: Process and Outcomes of Social Marketing and Community Mobilization

Positive Impact of a Weekly Iron-Folic Acid Supplement Delivered with Social Marketing to Cambodian Women: Compliance, Participation and Hemoglobin Levels Increase with Higher Socio-economic Status

Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation as a Tool To Reduce Anemia among Primary School Children in Cambodia

Industry Experience in Promoting Weekly Iron/Folic Acid Supplements in the Philippines

SummaryWeekly Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation of Women of Reproductive Age: Impact Overview, Lessons Learned, Expansion Plans and Contributions Toward Achievement of the Millennium Development Goals

Barbara Underwood

Fernando E. Viteri and Jacques Berger

Tommaso Cavalli-Sforza

Suttilak Smitasiri and Florentino S. Solon

Nguyen Cong Khan, et al.

Jacques Berger, et al.

Lourdes S. Paulino, et al.

Imelda Angeles-Agdeppa, et al.

Koum Kanal, et al.

Byron I. Crape, et al.

Philippe Longfi ls, et al.

Josel Garcia, et al.

Tommaso Cavalli-Sforza, et al.

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Preventive Weekly Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation Can Improve Iron Status of Reproductive Age Women: Experience in Cambodia, the Philippines, and Vietnam Nutrition Reviews (ISSN: 0029-6643); Volume 63, Supplement 1, December 2005 Table of Contents 1. Foreword Underwood, Barbara A. Nutrition Reviews (ISSN: 0029-6643); Volume 63, No. Supplement 1, pp. 63-64(2); December 2005 International Life Sciences Institute 2. Importance of Pre-Pregnancy and Pregnancy Iron Status: Can Long-Term Weekly Preventive Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation Achieve Desirable and Safe Status? Viteri, Fernando E.; Berger, Jacques Nutrition Reviews (ISSN: 0029-6643); Volume 63, No. Supplement 1, pp. 65-76(12); December 2005 International Life Sciences Institute 3. Effectiveness of Weekly Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation to Prevent and Control Anemia among Women of Reproductive Age in Three Asian Countries: Development of the Master Protocol and Implementation Plan Cavalli-Sforza, Tommaso Nutrition Reviews (ISSN: 0029-6643); Volume 63, No. Supplement 1, pp. 77-80(4); December 2005 International Life Sciences Institute 4. Implementing Preventive Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation Among Women of Reproductive Age in Some Western Pacific Countries: Possibilities and Challenges Smitasiri, Suttilak; Solon, Florentino S. Nutrition Reviews (ISSN: 0029-6643); Volume 63, No. Supplement 1, pp. 81-86(6); December 2005 International Life Sciences Institute 5. Community Mobilization and Social Marketing to Promote Weekly Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation: A New Approach Toward Controlling Anemia Among Women of Reproductive Age in Vietnam Khan, Nguyen Cong; Thanh, Hoang Thi Kim; Berger, Jacques; Hoa, Pham Thuy; Quang, Nguyen Dinh; Smitasiri, Suttilak; Cavalli-Sforza, Tommaso Nutrition Reviews (ISSN: 0029-6643); Volume 63, No. Supplement 1, pp. 87-94(8); December 2005 International Life Sciences Institute 6. Community Mobilization and Social Marketing to Promote Weekly Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation in Women of Reproductive Age in Vietnam: Impact on Anemia and Iron Status Berger, Jacques; Thanh, Hoang Thi Kim; Cavalli-Sforza, Tommaso; Smitasiri, Suttilak; Khan, Nguyen Cong; Milani, Silvano; Hoa, Pham Thuy; Quang, Nguyen Dinh; Viteri, Fernando Nutrition Reviews (ISSN: 0029-6643); Volume 63, No. Supplement 1, pp. 95-108(14); December 2005 International Life Sciences Institute 7. Weekly Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation to Improve Iron Status and Prevent Pregnancy Anemia in Filipino Women of Reproductive Age: The Philippine Experience through Government and Private Partnership Paulino, Lourdes S.; Angeles-Agdeppa, Imelda; Etorma, Unita Mari M.; Ramos, Adelisa C.; Cavalli-Sforza, Tommaso

Nutrition Reviews (ISSN: 0029-6643); Volume 63, No. Supplement 1, pp. 109-115(7); December 2005 International Life Sciences Institute 8. Government-Industry Partnership in Weekly Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation for Women of Reproductive Age in the Philippines: Impact on Iron Status Angeles-Agdeppa, Imelda; Paulino, Lourdes S.; Ramos, Adelisa C.; Etorma, Unita Marie; Cavalli-Sforza, Tommaso; Milani, Silvano Nutrition Reviews (ISSN: 0029-6643); Volume 63, No. Supplement 1, pp. 116-125(10); December 2005 International Life Sciences Institute 9. Weekly Iron-Folic Acid Supplements to Prevent Anemia among Cambodian Women in Three Settings: Process and Outcomes of Social Marketing and Community Mobilization Kanal, Koum; Busch-Hallen, Jennifer; Cavalli-Sforza, Tommaso; Crape, Byron; Smitasiri, Suttilak; The Cambodian Weekly Iron-Folic Acid Program Team, Nutrition Reviews (ISSN: 0029-6643); Volume 63, No. Supplement 1, pp. 126-133(8); December 2005 International Life Sciences Institute 10. Positive Impact of a Weekly Iron-Folic Acid Supplement Delivered with Social Marketing to Cambodian Women: Compliance, Participation, and Hemoglobin Levels Increase with Higher Socioeconomic Status Crape, Byron L.; Kenefick, Eric; Cavalli-Sforza, Tommaso; Busch-Hallen, Jennifer; Milani, Silvano; Kanal, Koum Nutrition Reviews (ISSN: 0029-6643); Volume 63, No. Supplement 1, pp. 134-138(5); December 2005 International Life Sciences Institute 11. Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation As a Tool to Reduce Anemia among Primary School Children in Cambodia Longfils, Philippe; Heang, Ung Kim; Soeng, Hay; Sinuon, Muth Nutrition Reviews (ISSN: 0029-6643); Volume 63, No. Supplement 1, pp. 139-145(7); December 2005 International Life Sciences Institute 12. Industry Experience in Promoting Weekly Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation in the Philippines Garcia, Josel; Datol-Barrett, Eva; Dizon, Maynilad Nutrition Reviews (ISSN: 0029-6643); Volume 63, No. Supplement 1, pp. 146-151(6); December 2005 International Life Sciences Institute 13. Weekly Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation of Women of Reproductive Age: Impact Overview, Lessons Learned, Expansion Plans, and Contributions Toward Achievement of the Millennium Development Goals Cavalli-Sforza, Tommaso; Berger, Jacques; Smitasiri, Suttilak; Viteri, Fernando Nutrition Reviews (ISSN: 0029-6643); Volume 63, No. Supplement 1, pp. 152-158(7); December 2005 International Life Sciences Institute

December 2005: (II)S63S64

Foreword

Iron deficiency and its consequent anemia have plaguedmankind for centuries and remain a public health prob-lem of immense magnitude even today. The causes andconsequences are well studied. Theoretically, treatmentand prevention are straightforward: increase the absorb-able iron available, either in the diet through eatingiron-rich and/or iron-fortified foods or in the form of ironsupplements. Within the medical system, a daily ironsupplement, usually dispensed together with folic acid, isthe common route for relieving deficiency in women ofreproductive age, particularly when pregnant. Adherenceto the daily regime, however, is frequently poor for avariety of reasons, incl