Nutrition and brain tumours 2015
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NUTRITION AND BRAIN TUMOURS
Department of Nutrition & Dietetics
St. Luke’s Hospital
Rathgar
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Nutrition and Brain Tumours
O If you’re feeling sick/ unwell during treatment, the following advice may not be appropriate for you
O If you’re feeling well while having radiotherapy, the following advice can be implemented when you have finished your radiotherapy treatment
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Nutrition and Brain Tumours
OIt is important for individuals who have or have had brain tumours to take care of themselves. Taking care of yourself includes:
OBeing a healthy weightOBeing physically activeOFollowing the Healthy Eating Guidelines/ Food
PyramidOBeing aware of the risks and benefits of popular
foods and supplements
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Weight and BMIO Body Mass Index (BMI):
Weight (kg)Height (m2)
Normal BMI = 20-25 kg/m2
Underweight = <20kg/m2
Overweight = >25 kg/m2
Obese = >30 kg/m2
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Weight and BMI
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Food Pyramid
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Healthy Eating GuidelinesO Enjoy your foodO Eat a variety of different foodsO Eat the right amount to be a healthy weightO Eat plenty of foods rich in starch & fibreO Eat plenty of fruit and vegetablesO Reduce intake of high fat foodsO Reduce intake of salt and salty foodsO Reduce intake of sugar and sugary drinksO If you drink alcohol, drink sensibly
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Cancer RiskO Overall, scientists believe that cancer risk can be
lowered by eating a diet that contains mainly plant-based foods, like vegetables, fruits, whole grains and beans, along with getting regular exercise and maintaining a healthy weight
O Scientists also have found evidence that eating cancer-fighting foods together, like tomatoes with broccoli, may maximize the cancer-preventive effect of these foods.
O However, there is no evidence that diet influences the risk of brain tumours – it does affect gastric cancers, bowel cancer and cancers present in the head and neck region.
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WholegrainsO Evidence is mounting that eating wholegrains regularly
as part of a healthy diet and lifestyle may help to reduce
the risk of many common diseases e.g. heart disease,
Type 2 diabetes and some forms of cancer.O Wholegrains may also help in maintaining a healthy
body weight over time.
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How can I increase my intake of wholegrains?
O When choosing foods from the starchy group replace refined cereal foods with wholegrain varieties. Wheat , rye, rice and oats are the most commonly available cereals in the wholegrain form e.g. Weetabix, Allbran
O Look for the word “whole” before the name of the cereal e.g. whole wheat pasta.
O Aim to have 2 –3 servings per day.
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Eat fruit and vegetablesOEating more fruit and vegetables could
significantly reduce the risk of many chronic diseases, including high blood pressure, cardiovascular diseases and some cancers.
OIncluding more fruit and vegetables reduces the overall calorie density, which helps us maintain
a healthier weight.OFruit and vegetables contain antioxidants,
lycopenes and phyto-chemicals which may help protect the body from damage that can lead to cancer
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O Fresh, frozen, canned, juiced or dried fruits and
vegetables all count in the diet.O Potatoes are a carbohydrate and are therefore, included
in the bread and cereals food group.O You should aim to eat a minimum of five portions of a
variety of fruit and vegetables each day.
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Quick guide to fruit and vegetable portionsFruit Portion
Medium sized fruit e.g. apple ,banana,pear
1
Small sized fruit e.g. plum, satsuma, kiwi
2
Large fruit e.g. grapefruit Half
Dried fruit e.g. raisins, currants, sultanas, mixed fruit
1 tbsp.
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Canned fruit is roughly the same quantity of fruit that you would eat as a fresh portion
2 pears or peach halves; 8 segments of
canned grapefruit
Fruit Portion
Fruit juice
(Remember this only counts as one of your five a day portions!)
1 medium glass (150ml)
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Vegetables Portion
Brocolli spears
Cauliflower Florets
Cabbage, spinach, green beans
2
8
4 heaped tbsp.
Cooked vegeables e.g. steamed, boiled, microwaved
3 heaped tbsp.
Canned & frozen vegetables is roughly the same as a fresh portion
3 heaped tbsp.
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Vegetables Portion
Pulses and beans e.g. kidney, butter beans, chick peas. Remember these only count as one of your five a day portions!
3 heaped tbsp.
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Reduce Intake of High Fat Foods
O While all types of fats are high in calories, some fats can also raise cholesterol levels. The main problematic fat is saturated fat, found in fatty meat, dairy foods, cakes and pastries and palm oil.
O Some easy ways of reducing your intake of this
unhealthy fat include:O Change to reduced-fat dairy products e.g. semi-
skimmed
milk
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Reduce intake of high fat foods
O Use soft spreads made from vegetable oil, such as
rapeseed or olive oil, rather than choosing butter and
use sparingly.O Trim the visible fat from meat and the skin from chickenO Limit your intake of fried fast food, meat products such
as sausages, pies and streaky baconO Go for snacks which are low in saturated fat such as
fruits, breads, nuts, seeds, low fat yoghurt, vegetables
and cereals.
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Omega – 3 fatty acidsO Benefits of eating oily fish:
1. Lower risk of heart and blood vessel disease.
2. Maintenance of healthy joints.
O To get the most benefit adults are advised to eat 2 portions of fish per week ( 140g), one of which should be oily.
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Omega – 3 fatty acidsO Main source is oily fish/ seafood.OTuna (Fresh)OSalmonOHerringOPilchardsOMackeralOTrout OShrimpOCrab
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Stanols & SterolsO They work by reducing cholesterol absorption from
the gut.O Both have similar effect on cholesterolO A healthy diet, regular exercise in combination with
plant stanols and sterols can help reduce total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol) by 10-20%
O Recommend a intake of 2 – 3g per day for those with raised cholesterol.
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Stanols & SterolsO Occur naturally in foods such as vegetables, nuts, seeds,
cereals, legumes, olive & peanut oils.O Estimated we consume 150-400mg per day of naturally
occuring stanols and sterols, but an average dietary
intake at this level has little effect on cholesterol levels
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Product Package size VarietiesBenecol Yoghurt Drink
Flora Pro-activ probiotic yoghurt drink
Danone Danacol yoghurt Drink
70g
(2.5g)
100g
100g (1.6g sterols per bottle)
Plain, light, strawberry
Original, strawberry, orange
Original, strawberry
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SALTO Eating too much salt can increase your risk of
developing high blood pressure.O The average salt intake is currently 9.5g a day,
we should be having much less than this.O The recommended salt intake is less than 6g per day
about 1 tsp.O 75-80% of salt we eat is already added to the
food we buy.O Reducing your intake of salty processed foods is an
important part of a healthy diet.
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Tips for using less salt
O Use herbs and spices in cooking instead of salt.O Try not to add extra salt at the table.O Cut right down on salty processed foods and ready
meals.O Check out food labels for salt content and choose
lower salt options.
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Alcohol Intake & Cancer Patients
OIf consumed at all, we recommend you limit your intake to:
- Males : max 2 drinks per day
- Women : max 1 drink per day
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Tips for reducing your alcohol consumptionO When ordering an alcoholic drink, opt for
the smallest serving size. Avoid ‘double’measures
O Alternate between alcoholic drinks and non-alcoholic drinks
O Dilute alcoholic drinks or opt for a low-calorie/ low- alcohol alternative e.g. White wine spritzer rather than a full glass of white wine
O Aim for some alcohol free nights per week
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Alcohol and Weight Gain
O Alcoholic drinks contain a lot of calories and offer little nutritional benefit
O E.g. -A pint of ordinary strength beer contains
250 calories - A 125ml glass of wine contains 85
caloriesCutting down on the amount you drink could help you lose weight or maintain a healthy weight, and also reduce cancer risk
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Physical ActivityO Research has shown that physical activity
helps maintain a healthy weight and overall, increases feeling of wellbeing
O Check with your doctor before changing your exercise routine.
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AICR Guidelines1. Choose a variety of fruit and vegetables2. Limit intake of red meat to less than 3oz/day3. Decrease the amount of fatty food in especially
those from animal and decrease total fat intake4. Eat less salty foods and less salt in cooking, use
herbs and spices instead5. Limit alcohol to less than 2 drinks a day for
men and one for women 6. Do not eat charred meat often, nor cured and
smoked meats7. Avoid being overweight8. Take 1 hour brisk walk or similar daily
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Steroid Induced Diabetes & Brain
Tumours Reduce foods containing high quantities
of refined sugar :O SugarO Sweets O Cakes O Biscuits O Desserts O Fizzy DrinksO Large volumes of fruit juice
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Steroid Induced Diabetes & Brain
Tumours Choose:O FruitO Raw vegetablesO Diet yoghurtO Water & Diet fizzy drinksO Wholegrain breads, rice & pastaO Watch out for ‘Diabetic Products’- often
expensive and may only contain slightly less sugar than the normal variety- choose normal variety and eat less
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Summary
OBe a healthy weightOFollow healthy eating guidelines OReduce fat intakeOEnjoy your food!OCheck with your doctor before
taking ANY supplements
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Useful WebsitesAmerican Institute of Cancer Research www.aicr.org
National Cancer Institute http://www.cancer.gov/
World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF UK)
www.wcrf-uk.org
Memorial Sloan- Kettering Cancer Centrehttp://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/integrativemedicine/