“ NUTRIGENOMICS : A NEW PARADIGM FOR

UNDERSTANDING PERIODONTAL DISEASES ’’

GUIDED BY: Dr. SAVITA.S , M.D.S

PROFESSOR AND H.O.DDEPT OF PERIODONTOLOGY

CO-GUIDE :

Dr. RITHESH.K, M.D.S

READER

DEPARTMENT OF PERIODONTOLOGY

PRESENTED BY :

Dr. SHILPA . SHIVANAND.DEPT OF PERIODONTOLOGY.

RAJARAJESWARI DENTAL COLLEGE.

Relationship of nutrition with health is long

known.

But how each component exert their effect onan individual at genetic level is graduallyknown.

Specific bioactive feed components present indiet act as the key environmental factors whichregulate gene expression. (Mead, 2007)

With these knowledge a new area of studycalled “NUTRIGENOMICS” has emerged.(Roche et al 2006)

INTRODUCTION

The study of how genes and gene products

interact with dietary chemicals to alter phenotype and, conversely, how genes and their products metabolize nutrients is called nutritional genomics or “Nutrigenomics”.(Kaput et al, 2005)

A new science seeking to understand theinfluence of dietary components on theGenome, Transcriptome, Proteome, andMetabolome. (Ronteltap et al, 2009)

It is a science which study the effect ofnutrients on the gene expression.

WHAT IS NUTRIGENOMICS

BASIC TOOLS

TRANSCRIPTOMICS

Approach in which mRNA, and consequently gene expression is analyzed

in a biological sample under certain conditions at given point of time

METABOLOMICS

Quantitative analysis of all metabolites in a biological system such as cell, tissue or biological fluid (blood, plasma and saliva)

PROTEOMICS

Take this analysis further and aims to characterize all proteins in a

biological sample at the functional level

Diet and food components -

prime environmental factors that affect the genome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome this life-long interaction defines health/ disease state of an individual.

Nutritional genomics approach created hopes: gene-based nutrition planning- play a significant role in preventing chronic disease

WE ARE WHAT WE EAT

• 65 SNPs associated with the risk of

developing type II DM

• Advances of genome sequencing & decoding human genome test for detection of SNPs available to public

Type II DM

• Cause chronic process of inflammation for developing metabolic syndromes.

• Bioactive component α-tocopherol in green tea decrease chronic inflammatory process in obese.

Obesity

• Higher intakes of oily fish

• Lowering of plasma triacylglycerolCVD

SYSTEMIC DISEASES MODIFIED BY DIET

• Postmenopausal women

• Phosphorous damage kidney & cause osteoporosis

• Increase micronutrient mainly calcium

Osteoporosis

• Overdose of aluminium cause dementia

• Diet supplements like antioxidants (vitA & C), lipoic acid, L- carnitine , fruits& vegetables

Dementia, Alzheimer’s

• Nickel nose,lung, larynx, prostrate cancer

• green tea in inhibiting TNF-α release in lung cancer

• prostate carcinogenesis

induced n-methyl-n-nitrosoureatomato powder inhibit carcinogenesis

Cancers

PERIODONTITIS

DIABETES,

HYPERTENSION

OBESITY, DYSLIPIDEMIA

VITAMIN,

MINERAL, NUTRIENT

DEFICIENCY

OSTEOPOROSIS,RHEUMATOID

ARTHRITIS

SYSTEMIC DISEASES REGULATING PERIODONTAL HEALTH

Antioxidant vitamins (vitamins A, C and E)

Trace elements (selenium, copper and zinc)

Depleted during periods of inflammation

Counteract reactive oxygen species damage to cellular tissues

Modulate immune-cell function through regulation of redox-regulated transcription factors

Affect production of cytokines & prostaglandins

NUTRIRIONAL MODULATION OF PERIODONTAL INFLAMMATION

I.

Selenium important redox functions

Selenium-dependent glutathione enzymes

Reduction of damaging lipid and phospholipid hydro peroxides

to harmless products

Periodontal disease progression increased plaque

and higher gingival index measurements

II.

Vitamins, Trace elements

Epithelial tissue integrity and structure

Periodontal health

III.

ώ-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

(oily fish)

Increase the tissue concentrations of eicosapentaenoicacid, docosahexaenoicacid

↓ major inflammatory mediators PG E2, PG F2 alpha, LT B4 , PAF in gingival tissue

Down regulate inflammation

Bone destruction

PeriodontitisIV.

PREVENT PERIODONTITIS

Calcium

Antioxidants

higher intake of vegetables, berries, fruits/phytonutrient

supplementation

Vitamin D

MICRONUTRITIONAL APPROACH TO PERIODONTAL THERAPY

• Gene-diet interaction describes dietary modulation of the effect of genotype on a particular phenotype

• Effect of dietary changes on plasma biomarker concentrations differs significantly between individuals

• Inter-individual variability in response to dietary modification determined by genetic factors.

PERSONALIZED NUTRITION: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE

"If we could give every individual the right amountof nourishment and exercise, not too little and nottoo much, we would have found the safest way tohealth.”

"Leave your drugs in the chemist's pot if you canheal the patient with food."

- Hippocrates

CONCLUSION

THANK YOU