Nutrient Cycles aka: BioGeoChemical Cycles. Living things require both a source of energy and a...
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Nutrient Cycles
aka: BioGeoChemical Cycles
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Living things require both a source of energy and a source of matter in order to survive.
Both energy and matter move through ecosystems by moving through food chains but matter moves from one place to another by other means as well.
Energy flow through ecosystems is one way, while matter flows in cycles.
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Matter cycles through….
Atmosphere
Hydrosphere Biosphere
Lithosphere
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The Water (hydrologic cycle) = one example of a biogeochemical cycle
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The Carbon Cycle
Carbon is an important element found in all living things in the form of carbohydrates
fats
proteins
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One way that Carbon travels in the carbon cycle is through food chains
CO2
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Several chemical reactions move carbon : photosynthesis, (cellular) respiration, decomposition and combustion.
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Photosynthesis and Respiration
are “reversible”, “reciprocal” or “complementary” processes (they are the same forward and backward).
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Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis involves plants taking carbon in the form of carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere and then releasing oxygen back into the atmosphere.
Photosynthesis occurs in plants in a specialized organelle called a chloroplast.
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The word equation for photosynthesis is:
Carbon Dioxide + Water + Sunlight Carbohydrate + Oxygen
(energy) (glucose)
•The chemical equation for photosynthesis is:
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Respiration
Respiration involves all living things (producers, consumers and decomposers) taking oxygen from the atmosphere and then releasing carbon in the form of carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere.
Respiration occurs in a specialized
organelle called a mitochondrion.
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The word equation for respiration is: Carbohydrate + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
(glucose) (cellular)
• The chemical equation for respiration is:
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Carbon Cycle and Climate Change
Increased CO2 in the atmosphere results in
an increased greenhouse effect
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Adding and Subtracting Carbon from the Carbon Cycle
The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is affected by the amount of photosynthesis, respiration and decomposition.
Other processes like volcanic activity, sedimentation, combustion/burning, erosion/weathering and dissolving/absorption also affect the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
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Carbon Sources and Sinks• Sinks subtract carbon from the atmosphere• Sources add carbon to the atmosphere
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Video and Animation links
• http://epa.gov/climatestudents/basics/today/carbon-dioxide.html
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HrIr3xDhQ0E&safe=active
• http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/facilities/multimedia/uploads/intro-biology/Ccycle2.html
• http://
www.sciencelearn.org.nz/Contexts/The-Ocean-in-Action/Sci-Media/Animations-and-Interactives/Carbon-cycle
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Assignment
• Do worksheets on pages 8 - 12
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Worksheet p. 8
Statement Photosynthesis
Respiration
Occurs in plants only Yes
Occurs in all living things Yes
Occurs in chloroplasts Yes
Occurs in mitochondria Yes
Uses sunlight Yes
Produces cellular energy Yes
Part of carbon cycle Yes Yes
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1.Process Carbon Source or Carbon Sink???
Forest Fires SourceDecomposition Source
Respiration SourcePhotosynthesis Sink Sedimentation Sink
Diffusing into Ocean Sink Erosion Source
Diffusing out of Ocean SourceDriving cars Source
Factory Emissions SourceErupting Volcano Source
Making limestone rocks Sink Fossil fuel trapped beneath the Earth Sink
Clams making their shells Sink Planting trees/Reforestation Sink Dead stuff that isn’t decaying Sink
Burning Fossil Fuels Source
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• 2. Carbon and Climate are related: increased CO2 in atmosphere = increased greenhouse effect = increased warming = climate change
• 3. In the carboniferous period, tons of dead organic matter was trapped and then compressed (it did not decay). The compressed organic matter was converted to fossil fuels.
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• 4. If no sunlight – less photosynthesis – increased death of organisms – increased decay – increased CO2 in atmosphere – climate change
• 5. What can we do – reduce, reuse, recycle, use energy efficient devices, car pool, mass transit, ride a bike, plant trees, use alternative energy sources, etc
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Inconvenient Truth Movie
• Link to answer key:• http://shaftesbury20fscience.pbworks.com/w/
file/fetch/70107922/inconvenient%20truth%20focus%20questions%20-%20key.pdf