Nutp for Mam New
Transcript of Nutp for Mam New
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URBAN TRANSPORT AND PLANNING,CEPT UNIVERSITY 2009-2010
1 NATIONAL URBAN TRANSPORT POLICY
BACKGROUND Transport policy at the National and Regional level seeks to achieve greater
integration between modes of transport and between transport and land use
planning.
A principal AIM is to produce an efficient, managed, transport system that
makes a strong contribution to principles of sustainable development.
India informed and facilitated the adoption of India·s first National Urban
Transport Policy by collaborating directly with th e Indian Ministry of Urban
Development and by bringing together experts and government officials
from around the world.
The linking of this funding with the rules and regulations enlisted under the
National Urban Transport Policy has resulted in a demand to design, plan
and implement sustainable transport solutions and non motorized modes by
state and local governments.
Role of Transport policy
The development of a set of constructs and propositions that are established
to achieve particular objectives relating to social, economic and
environmental development, and the functioning and performance of the
transport system.
The mobility of people rather than vehicles . The policy sets the guidelines for cities
that want to receive under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
(note: propositions - The act of making a proposal)
POLICY
Policy is needed on the approach to dealing with the rapidly growing
problem as also offer a clear direction and a framework for future action.
´Policies are developed in response to the existence of a perceived problem
or an opportunity; they never exist in a vacuum.µ By Dr. Brian Slack
Why transport policy?
Transport policies arise because of the extreme importance of transport invirtually every aspect of national life. Transport is taken by governments of all
types, from those that are intervention list to the most liberal, as a vital factor
in economic development. Public policies reflect the interests of decision
makers and their approaches to solving transport problems.
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URBAN TRANSPOR T AND P LANNING, ¡
P T UNIVERSITY 2009-2010
2 NATIONAL URBAN TRANSPORT POLICY
VISION
´ To r ¢ £
ognize t¤
at people occup¥ centr e-stage in ou r cities and all plans
would be f o r t¤
ei r common benef it and well being
To make ou r cities t¤
e most liveable in t¤
e wo rld and enable t¤
em to
become t¤
e ´engines of economic g r owt¤
µ t¤
at powe r India· s development
in t¤
e 21 st centu r ¥
To allow ou r cities to evolve into an u rban f o r m t¤
at is best suited f o r t¤
e
unique geog rap¤
¥ of t¤
ei r locations and is best placed to suppo rt t¤
e main
social and economic activities t¤
at take place in t¤
e cit ¥ .µ
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L v ab l ¨ § y r f r § © a urba y § § a § © § r butes to the physical, social
a ental well being and per sonal develop ent of all its inhabitants. # t is
about delightful and desirable urban spaces that offer and r eflect culturaland sacr ed enr ichment.
Key pr inciples that give substance to this theme ar e equity, dignity,
accessibility, conviviality, par ticipation and empower ment.
hat is urban for m?
Elements of the urban transpor t system $ modes, infrastr uctur es and user s $
have a spatial impr int which shapes the urban for m. Consider ing that each
city has differ ent socio-economic and geographical character istics, the
spatial impr int of transpor tation var ies accor dingly. For instance, while ¦ or th
% mer ican cities tend to have an urban for m that has been shaped by the
automobile, cities in other par ts of the world, because of differ ent modal
pr efer ences and infrastr uctur e developments, have differ ent urban for ms."
he urban transpor t system is also composed of spatial interactions r eflecting
its spatial str uctur e.
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URBAN TRANSPORT AND PLANNING,CEPT UNIVERSITY 2009-2010
3 NATIONAL URBAN TRANSPORT POLICY
OBJECTIVES
´Safe, affordable, quic & , comfortable, reliable and sustainable access for
the growing number of city residents to jobs, education, recreation and
other needs
' ncorporating urban transportation as an important parameter at the
urban planning stage rather than being a consequential requirement
Encouraging integrated land use and transport planning in all cities so that
travel distances are minimized and access to livelihoods, education, and
other social needs, especially for the marginal segments of the urban
population is improved
' mproving access of business to mar & ets and the various factors of
production
Bringing about a more equitable allocation of road space with people,
rather than vehicles, as its main focus
Encourage greater use of public transport and non motorized modes by
offering Central financial assistance for this purpose
Enabling the establishment of quality focused multi -modal public transport
systems that are well integrated, providing seamless travel across modes
Objectives are been covered with many issues which are been neglected
by people with regards to their need the travels is been easier to the people
who can afford the cost and luxury of good road and vehicles.
Building capacity (institutional and manpower) to plan for sustainable
urban transport and establishing & nowledge management system that
would service the needs of all urban transport professionals, such as
planners, researchers, teachers, students ,etcPromoting the use of cleaner technologies
Raising finances, through innovative mechanisms that tap land as a
resource, for investments in urban transport infrastructure
Associating the private sector in activities where their strengths can be
beneficially tapped
Ta & ing up pilot projects that demonstrate the potential of poss ible best
practices in sustainable urban transport.µ
Due to escalating vehicle population in city it is difficult for the pedestrians
as well as cyclist to move in coming years. This issues can be moved out by
creating the fundamental objectives ---to have an urban transportation as
an important mode during the planning stage of any cites with relation of
the land use and master plan of the city and with co -ordination to the
geographical location rather than being one of the requirement to develop
a city. The objectives cover the points excluding the pedestrian movement.
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Providing safety on road is an important objective of the policy. However
there is no mention of reducing speeds of the private motor vehicles as
speed is an important factor for causing accidents.
Moreover there is no mention about the cycle-rickshaws (passenger
and goods) and the handcarts which are an important component of the
NMTs in most of our cities.
Improving the accessibility and connectivity form outer parts of city to the
central business place of the city to increase the finance and economy of
the city by business with smooth connectivity.
Integrating land use and transport planning
Integrating land use with transport planning will minimize the distance for
number of resident and to their jobs, education, recreations and other
needs, which will make it affordable, easy and quick to the marginal part of
the society with efficient and reliable public transport. Policy speaks about
integrating master plan needs to internalize the features of sustainable
transport systems.
It should enable a city to take urban form that best suits the geographical
constraints of its location and also the key social and economical activities
were government will promote it. And focus on the need of transport
planner in management. As per policy
UNDERSTA NDING A ND CRITIC
The policy makes no attempt to propose how and under what authority the
NUTP might be reconciled with the Master Plans being drawn up by a
number of cities, and equally importantly, with the government's industrial
promotion policy, which identifies automobiles as a cutting-edge industry in
India's overall growth.
Policy does not focus on mixed land use on major corrido rs along with
population density as many Indian cities are more with mix land use form
and willing to grow according to it to have an efficient transport with fewer
trips.
It enable city to take urban for in context to geographical location but no
role for the pattern and completeness of the city which enables the city to
grow in its form, direction and with well complete network for a better
connectivity.
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5 NATIONAL URBAN TRANSPORT POLICY
There is an absence in the floor space index-in master plan for the intense
growth along develop corridor to establish public transport and to select the
develop corridors for a better and multi -model transport.
Equitable allocation of road space
Present road spaces are allocated to vehicle which occupies the road first,
so the main priority on road is gain by vehicles rather than people. In
comparison to the carrying capacity of the cars and bus its-cars 4 people
and bus 40 people. Where a bus is allocated ( and half times of the road
space and the maximum space is occupied by the cars which carry ( -4
people.
It this scenario the lower income group people are left to pay high travel
cost and travel time with less efficient transport and alternatives remaining
with less factor of safety.
If the focus of the road is to be people rather than vehicle then much more
space is to be allocated to public transport with reserve lanes and corridors
exclusively for public transport and non-motorized modes of travel and some
lanes reserved for high occupancy vehicles.
Measures- enforcement for using the dedicated lane accordingly, by
introducing provisions in motor vehicle act and with some stringent penalties
UNDERSTA ND A ND CRITIC
Keeping the essence of the form of public places where the majority of
roads are publicly owned and free access. Increased traffic has adverse
impacts on public activities which once crowded the streets such as
markets, parades and processions, games, and community interactions.
Encourage people to use public transport and non -motorise vehicle.) rom a
transportation perspective, the potential benefits of a better integration
between transit and local land uses are reduced trip frequency and
increased use of alternative modes of travel (i.e. walking, cycling and
transit).
Ban on the vehicles in the public and recreational places so as to reduce
the amount of traffic and for safety of the people.
Ideas of moving public transport and areas for pedestrian plazas in public
spaces and in the central business area.
Priority to the use of public transport
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URBAN TRANSPORT AND PLANNING,CEPT UNIVERSITY 2009-2010
6 NATIONAL URBAN TRANSPORT POLICY
Public transport is a more sustainable form of transport.
Measures- government will invest in public transport as a measure.
0 entral government would encourage all state capitals as well other cities
with population more than 1 million to start planning for high capacity public
transport systems.
1 ook over technology around world including waterways-up to 30yrs
0 MP should include the trunk and feeder corridors along the city as well as a
good integration with personal modes, suburban traffic, etc. High cost trunk
route system should have hub-spoke arrangement integrated with feeder
system
Investments-
50% cost of preparing 0 OMPREHENSIVE 0 ITY TRANSPORT P 1 ANS
Equity participation and funding gap to the extent of 2 0% of capital cost of
public transport
50%of cost of project development and through public private partnership
Some allied issues that need to be addressed in this context are:
Quality and pricing of Public Transport
Fares for public transport have been set on the premise that this modes are
been used by poor ,as such fares are kept low as a measure of social equity
which had made many public transport to recover their operating cost.
it helps reduce congestion and air pollution if vehicle user are persuade to
shift to public transport by improving quality and not by low fares. so have to
think about different types of public transport systems for different segments
of commuters those who pace a premium on cost are the poorest section of
society and need to give affordable prices
Measures--- government will encourage the provision of different levels of
services ²a basic service, with subsidized fares and a premium service, which
is of high quality but charges higher fares and involves subsidy.
Fund from NURM for premium service infrastructure such as improved bus
stops and terminals, passenger information system, intelligent transport
systems, restructuring of state transport corporations
Ensure fair charges are fair and reasonable. State government to inter-alia
regulate the prices to be charged by different types of public transport.
Technologies for Public Transport
High capacity and high cost technologies.
Systems like underground metro, low capacity bus systems moving on
shared right of way, elevated sky bus and monorail, electric trolley buses
etc.
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7 NATIONAL URBAN TRANSPORT POLICY
These systems are most effective over high density corridors and others as
feeder systems which serve limited sub-areas within a city.
Ropeways waterways etc are been use in parts of India.
Factors such as urban forms, terrain, availability of waterways, level of
demand, direction and extent of sprawl, projections for future growth, extent
of population density etc are major technology that should be chosen.
Particular technology is not possible to prescribe in a generic policy and
such choice will have to be made as a part of a city specific land use and
transport plans.
It would depend on the kind of city that would need to evolve at the
particular location.
Government would encourage all proven technologies and not promote
any specific technology.
It would create a knowledge centre that would provide the
Necessary information required for taking the right technological decisions
for a specific city.
Integrated public transport systems
A good public transport system is one that is perceived by the user as a
single system and allows seamless (smooth) travel between one made and
the other as also between systems managed by different operators.
These smooth interchanges are possible if interchange infrastructure is
available and users are able to use a single ticket over such systems.
3 entral government·s financial support would be contingent on appropriate
authorities/entities being set up to ensure that a coordinated and integrated
Public transport system becomes available.
UNDERSTA NDING A ND CRITIC
Sustainability, in a broad sense, is the capacity to endure .
Sustainable - Something that can endure or is able to be maintained for
long periods of time.
Sustainable - The ability to continue/maintain into the future.
It·s more about accessibility and mobility, than about 'transportation'
Sustainable transportation concerns systems, policies, and technologies. The
design of vehicle-free city planning, along with pedestrian and bicycle
friendly design of neighbourhoods is a critical aspect for grassroots activities,
as are telework and teleconferencing.
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URBAN TRANSPORT AND PLANNING,CEPT UNIVERSITY 2009-2010
8 NATIONAL URBAN TRANSPORT POLICY
Mobility is fundamental to economic and social activities, including
commuting, manufacturing, or supplying energy. Each movement has an
origin, a potential set of intermediate locations, a destination, and a nature
which is linked with geographical attributes. Transport systems composed of
infrastructures, modes and terminals are so embedded in the socio-
economic life of individuals, institutions and corporations that they are often
invisible to the consumer
(source- article of Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue and Dr.4
laude 4
omtois)
Public transport occupies less road space which causes less pollution per
passenger ²km which is true with the relation with vehicles
Policy talks about a sustainable public transport but the content lack about
different transport and its integration.
It talks about organised transport in the city. But the important issues are
been describe in less manner as compared to the issues in a city due to the
lack of public transport
The other three point mention in the policy like --- pricing of public transport
and technologies for public transport refers to the spectrum of the high cost
and high capacity and systems like metro and low capacity bus systems
running on shared right of ways, sky bus and monorail, electric ,trolley buses
which are effective over high density corridors. If policy consider public
transport for more than 1 million then this are the types of modes of public
transport which could be included which have a difference in technology.
Rather intelligent transport system, passenger information system, global
positioning system, signals synchronization, integrated ticketing system couldbe a objective of the mentioned point under technologies. By referring to its
importance and need to have an efficient transport.
Integrated transport systems could have mention the integration of
technologies ,the different factors as such urban forms, terrain, availability of
waterways, level of demand, direction and extent of sprawl, projections for
future growth, extent of population density with each other and with
reference to the case-studies as they have mention examples. And
integration of existing transport system
The relative characteristics of available public transport technologies as
mention refers to the points in brief rather than specifying the point in detail
according to the transport system it is referring too.
Public transport policy does not speaks or relates any services and quality in
terms to disable people- handicap people, blind people, people with
mental disorder etc.
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URBAN TRANSPORT AND PLANNING,CEPT UNIVERSITY 2009-2010
9 NATIONAL URBAN TRANSPORT POLICY
The investments on part of government with relation to public transport
should be a different supplement to the policy which would refer the detail
of the encourage by government and the involv ement to the public private
partnership in detail referring to the fund in the directed locations along with
reference to the different modes according in order of their energy and
capital intensity and a premium on public affordability.
The subsidies in government fund don·t refer to handicap group of people
and their needs.
Pricing related to the subsidy affairs in different modes which is an important
issue been mentioned.
Financing
23. The Central Government would encourage high capacity public
transport systems being set up through the mechanism of Special Purpose
Vehicles (SPV ) and would offer financial support either in the form of equity
or one time viability gap financing, subject to a ceiling of 20% of the capital
cost of the project, after evaluating various parameters such as:
UNDERSTA NDING A ND CRITIC SPE 5 IA 6 PURPOSE VEHI
5 6 ES--- 6 egal entity created solely to serve a
particular function, such as facilitation of a financial arrangement or creation
of a financial instrument. See also special purpose corporation.
The Viability Gap Funding Scheme provides financial support in the form of
grants, one time or deferred, to infrastructure projects undertaken through
public private partnerships with a view to make them commercially viable.
(Source-finance funding scheme)
5 entral government would encourage the legal entity which create a high
capacity public transport system and would financially support in form of
some loan or grant subjected to ceiling of 7 0% of the total project initial cost
after evaluating various parameter like....
Extent of resources mobilized by the State government through exploitation
of its land resource
Extent of resources li 8 ely from private participation
UNDERSTA NDING A ND CRITIC For any public transport project state government ensure to make any land
area more profitable and important that would make it ready to use by its
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URBAN TRANSPORT AND PLANNING,CEPT UNIVERSITY 2009-2010
10 NATIONAL URBAN TRANSPORT POLICY
various acts to and would make it profitable. And this extent of source of
wealth would be made by involving private participation.
Institutional mechanisms set up by the State government to ensure a well
Coordinated public transport system
UNDERSTA NDING A ND CRITIC
An administrative model would be setup by the government to run and
work a coordinated public transport system with private participation
No mention for a coordinated separated institute for each task which will
deal with reference to the main form of administration which would be
guide under state government so that it would state report to central
government.
W illingness to divert funds from projects that add to road capacity towards
public transit systems
UNDERSTA NDING A ND CRITIC
If a state undergoes a road project and public transit system project the
financial support would be preferred to public transit systems in favour of
public.
Initiatives ta 9 en to promote non-motorized transport and improve safe
access to public transport.
UNDERSTA NDING A ND CRITIC
Some guidelines and schemes should be mention to take initiatives to
promote non motorized transport and improve safe access to public
transport. This can be done by involving private participation too.
W illingness to introduce premium public transport systems that are priced
high but offer better quality with a view to limit the subsidy requirements in
normal services
UNDERSTA
NDING
A ND
CRITIC
Government would encourage to introduce premium public transport
service like intelligent transport system, passenger information system, global
positioning system, signal synchronization, integrated ticketing system which
are standard and costly and would grant subsidy to it rather that limiting its
grant to the normal services.
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Other infrastructure subsidy are not mention in the parameters
which would form a part of an efficient transport system like parking,
landscapes etc.
W illingness to involve the private sector in operations under the overall
supervision and coordination of a public agency.
UNDERSTA NDING A ND CRITIC
Mention of Single or different private sector should be for different
supervision and coordination is not clear
W illingness to price public transport systems in such a manner as to be
financially sustainable at the operating stage or depend only marginally on
public budgets
UNDERSTA NDING A ND CRITIC
The pricing for public transport should be financial maintain for a long time
without a frequent change or growth at its execution stage and if not it
should depend borderline on the public budgets
The time for financial matter at operation stage is not mention and how
many quantities should be there from public budgets.
´The basic principle in financing such public transport systems would be that
the government should provide the infrastructure but the users (direct and
indirect beneficiaries W ithin the city) must pay for the operating costs and
the rolling stoc @ .
25. The Central government A s capital support would ta @ e the form of equity
participation or one time viability gap funding and would be subject to a
ceiling of 20% of the capital cost of the project
. Preference will be given to those who are able to demonstrate additional
resources for the project through dedicated taxes and innovative financing
methodsµ
UNDERSTA NDING A ND CRITIC
The principle for financing for public transport explain that government will
provide funds and grants to infrastructure and the user should pay for the
operating cost of that public transport and for the movement of that PT
The funds would be given by government in form of loan or grants
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1 B NATIONAL URBAN TRANSPORT POLICY
Over all financing does not mention about the financing for the handicap
group. In infrastructure part also nothing is mention in relation to it
And encouragement for the pedestrian movement and footpaths in cities.
All other issues are been likely covered under finance head.
Role of Para-transit
Para transit is normally expected to fulfil a need that neither public transport
or personal vehicles are able to fulfil. They normally cater to a category of
occasional trips such as trips to airports or rail stations with excessive
baggage, or emergency trips that have to be underta C en immediately and
it is not possible to wait for public transport. Para transit would not normally
be used for regular commute trips to wor C
or school. However, when the
quality of public transport deteriorates, Para-transit tends to substitute for
public transport.
Unfortunately, this has started happening in many Indian cities. As such, this
policy would see C to restore Para-transit to its normal role by persuading the
improvement of public transport.
UNDERSTA NDING A ND CRITIC
Para-transit, or Dial-a-Ride, is an alternative mode of flexible passenger
transportation that does not follow fixed routes or schedules. Typically vans
or mini-buses are used to provide Para-transit service, but also share taxis
and jitneys are important providers
( source-web def of para transit)(need to know more about para transit and its need in policy)
Priority to non-motorized transport D ong trip length had made cycling more difficult as well as increasing urban
sprawl and rising income level.
Increase in vehicular growth has increase in risk in accident of the no -
motorized modes.
Non motorized modes are environmental friendly.
Segregated right of way for safety concerns of cyclists and pedestrians.Apart from improving safety, the segregation of vehicles moving at different
speeds would help improve traffic flow, increase the average speed of
traffic and reduce emissions resulting from sub-optimal speeds.
Segregated paths for cycle on arterial as well as on public transport
corridors.
E reative facilities like shade giving landscaping, provisions of drinking water
and resting stations along bicycle corridors.
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13 NATIONAL URBAN TRANSPORT POLICY
It is seen to design this tracks and area to create a safe path to be used.
Encroachment of footpath too affects pedestrians safety adversely and
requires strict enforcement coupled with public participation also it is
affected by lack of safe crossing facilities and also at busy intersections.
Measures-
Government will give priority to cycle trac F by national urban renewal
mission
The Central government would support the construction of safe pedestrian
crossings at busy intersections and high traffic corridors.
The Central Government would support formulation and implementation of
specific Area Plansµ in congested urban areas that propose appropriate
mix of various modes of transport including exclusive zones for non-
motorized transit.
The Central Government would also taF e up pilot projects, in a sample set of
cities, to demonstrate the improvements that are possible through the
enhanced used of cycling
UNDERSTA NDING A ND CRITIC
Measures are quiet efficiently plotted but implementation is not
appropriately described in terms of the area covered by pedestrians and
cyclist.
Only priority is described and sample set pilot projects are not stated.
G andscape and other design factors are well considered to enhance the
elevation of roads. This makes a good feel and comfort to move on that
track.
Some road safety measures should be clearly stated in relation to pedestrian
and cyclist like zebra crossing, signalizations, and road calming factors.
There is a good approach for the encourage the public bicycle program
were cycles can be rent in a designed area.
Government does not specify the area plans in urban places which are
congested and does not have non-motorized transit.
PILOT PROJECTS
In order to demonstrate the potential benefits from the policy measures
suggested herein, theH
entral Government would take up pilot projects in a
sample set of cities drawn from different regions and different city types so
that tested models of best practices can be established for replication in
other cities.
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Parking- understanding
Land is valuable in all urban areas and par I ing occupies large portions of
such land. This determines the principles for allocation of par I ing space.
Levy of a high par I ing fee, that truly represents the value of the land
occupied, should be used to ma I e public transport more attractive.
Preferences for allocation of par I ing space for public transport vehicles and
non-motorized modes.
Par I and ride facilities for bicycle users, with convenient interchange, would
be a measure.
Graded scaled par I ing fee so as to recover the economic cost of the land
which is been used. So as to persuade people to use public transport.
Measures ² state governments would require amending the building bye
laws in cities so that residents and user of the buildings would have
adequate par I ing space.
Multi-level par I
ing complexes should be a mandatory requirement in the citycentres by underground, including below areas declared as green belts.
The par I ing complexes would be encouraged to go for electronic metering
so as to maI e the investments viable and also better recovery of cost of
using valuable urban space in par I ing. The proposal for par
I ing complexes
would be given priority under JnNURM .
Appropriate legislation to prevent use of right of way on road system for
par I ing purposes
CRITIC Maximum and minimum parking fees should need to specify in
consideration of the areas in urban limits.
Freight traffic - understanding
As city grows and expand and increase and economic activities generate
a substantial amount of freight traffic.
W ith limited capacity of the transport system, it is essential that freight traffic
and passenger traffic are so staggered as to ma P e optimum use of the
transport infrastructure.
The off ²peaP
hour is time honoured and tested for freight traffic. Further many cities have by-passes that unable through traffic to go around city
and not add to traffic of city some allow late night hours for movement of
freight and restricts the heavy vehicles during night time.
This are sound practices and would encourage cities for their economic
growth too.
So this government would encourage the built of by-passes, through
innovative and viable public ² private partnerships with some facilities liP e
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par Q ing of freight vehicles outside city limits and such facilities would be
considered by national urban renewal mission.
CRITIC
The freight traffic issue have been discussed in an appropriate manner so as
covering the existing problem and conclusion in that.The government would project fund for this issue but till what extend and up
to what kind of need is not specified like funds for terminals is specified but
for the construction of the roads would come under which forms not
mention and other public private undergoing form is also not explain
Legal and A dministrative Issues- understanding
To structure the transport sector and equipped the urban transport
problems.
The central government will recommend the setting of unified transport
metropolitan transport authorities in all cities to facilities more co-ordinatedplanning and implementation of urban transport systems.
The R entral Government would also encourage the setting up of
professional bodies that have the capacity to make scientific assessment of
the demand on various routes and contract services that can be properly
monitored. And over them create main head bodies that regulate the
overall performance of the public transport system and ensure that the city
has a comprehensive public transport system.
They will inter-alien, design networks and routes, assess demand, contract
services, monitor performance, manage common facilities like bus stations
and terminals, etc and will have representation from all the major operators
and stakeholders.
Capacity building
The responsibility for the planning and implementation of urban transport
systems rests with the State governments and the municipal bodies.
R apacity building will have to be addressed at two levels ² institutional and
individual.
Institutional capacity would primarily involve creating a pool of knowledge
and a knowledge management centre that would sustain and enhance
expertise as well as facilitate more informed planning. And also sponsor
regular research to help formulate the right mitigation strategies, the institute
of urban transport under the purview of the ministry of urban development
would strengthen this responsibility.
Advice on new technologies would also be regularly available to
implementing agencies. The institute would become a store house of
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information on the various public transport technologies being used in
different parts of the world and would maintain the latest information and
S iterature on the experience with such technologies.
The national level institute would build up a database for use in planning,
research, training, etc
At the individual level, a major exercise of training and skill development of
the public officials and other public functionaries would be taken up to
make such officials aware of the nuances of urban transport planning and
the specific issues involved in managing city transport. It would be targeted
at personnel belonging to the State transport departments, municipal
corporations, metropolitan development authorities, traffic police,
environmental authorities, State Transport T orporations, Public Works
Departments, etc.
Proven technologies for public transport for that the T entral Government
would facilitate joint ventures and collaboration agreements between such
technology providers and suitable Indian companies with providing
necessary incentives academic programs in urban transport, especially at
the post-graduate level, would be strengthened so that a nucleus of
qualified urban transport professionals becomes available in the country.
Use of cleaner technologies
Commonly used fuels were petroleum based fuels now alternatives like CNG
Electric trolley and electric vehicles for reducing the problem of pollution by
vehicles
Renewable sources need to tapped as a measure for sustainable
development.
Central government would encourage research and development and
commercialization of cleaner technologies
In order of the advantages of the technologies concessions and benefits
would enable them to enter and compete.
Vehicle maintenance well be motivated
Emission norms will be introduced. Measures on incentivize the use of fuel
efficient and small size vehicles so that little road space will be utilize with low
pollution .
The central government will establish training centers for the staff for peri odiccheck and for certification.
CRITIC Promotion of the sustainable fuel like CNG is less discussed as well as
encouraged which is be mostly used in many of the metropolitan cities
What kind of concessions and benefits would enable they to have a stable
place in market is not discussed.
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Age of vehicles in relation of the its use on road should be restricted as well
as checked after certain duration is not related up in the abstract of cleaner
technology.
Innovative financing mechanisms using land as a resource
A ssociation of the private sector
Need for public awareness and cooperation
As it is huge investment for urban transport problems and projects to be
handled by state government due to lack of resources so central
government would encourage it by dedicated taxes to be credited to
urban transport fund. Such taxes could be in form of a supplement to the
petrol and diesel taxes, betterment levy on landowners or even on
employment tax .A revenues from betterment at a high capacity public
transport corridors.
More use of private buses would be included to reduce the dependency on
public budgets.
The private sector would be included in many of the activities thereby
saving financial resources.
They would be mostly included in activities like operation and maintenance
of parking facilities, certification facilities, repair facilities, construction and
management of terminal facilities, etc.
The Central Government would encourage the State Governments to
involve the private sector in providing public transport services, but under
well structured procurement contracts.U ast but not list the most important the urban transport policies cant success
without full cooperation of all city residents and it can be secured by making
a clear vision for them and the importance of it.
So some program like educating them on the topic like problem of growing
transport in urban areas especially on their health and well beings during
day to day life.
It will encourage people to use public transport and non -motorized vehicles,
their proper use and maintenance and safety driving.
´Green travel habitµ to make travel less polluted and damaging. Mostly
such inputs would be made through including subject for school children.
CRITIC This document has highlighted a number of initiatives which are required to
be put into place such as:
Change the institutional framework regarding, to the relative powers and
functions between central and state government. As the structuring of the
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powers and function of the state government. And the power and function
of central government. Other is relating the interchange of power and
function as well as activities to be undertaken under state as well as urban
local bodies as they are mainly responsible for the movement of public
passenger transport.
Conclusion with some addition and challenges
Cities are locations having a high level of accumulation and concentration
of economic activities and are complex spatial structures that are supported
by transport systems.
The most important transport problems are often related to urban areas and
take place when transport systems, for a variety of reasons, cannot satisfy
the numerous requirements of urban mobility.
Urban productivity is highly dependent on the efficiency of its transport
system to move labour, people, consumers and freight between multiple
origins and destinations. Additionally, important transport terminals such as
ports, airports, and railways are located within urban areas, contributing to a
specific array of problems. Some problems are anc ient, like congestion while
others are new like urban freight distribution or environmental impacts.
Among the most notable urban transport problems.
There should be the scenario of the different large transport sector like port,
airport and railways to be related with urban transport as they affect the
transit system and problems related to systems.
The major modes of transport have witnessed an impressive growth in the last
half a century and contributed to the development process in the country.
´Notwithstanding all the achievements, the quality of transport infrastructure
and services is required to be improved along with the expansion of network
both in terms of spread and capacity. This is a big challenge for the coming
millennium.µ (issues in business maze.)
It is necessary to formulate an integrated transport policy to ensure
adequate, efficient and high quality of transport infrastructure and services
with a view to achieving maximum efficiency at minimum cost so that the
mobility of goods and people may be assured.
While formulating such a transport policy, it is important to visualize the
transport system as an integrated structure of different modes and services
functioning as different entities in a level playing field with the element of
inter-modal and intra-modal competition, ensuring organisational efficiency
and individual viability. This will require reorientation in our transport policy.
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The emphasis will have to shift from merely providing transport infrastructure
and services to technological up gradation and modernisation of the same
in order to ensure mobility and not only accessibility.
The hurtle will have to be on provision of improved high quality services with
minimum use of cross subsidisation and emphasis on achieving optimal inter
modal mix with appropriate pricing and user charges policy and through
injection of competitive desire.
Coordination is a major issue in transport policy as it is a pronouncedly
interdependent field of public action, not only interlinked with planning,
housing, and land-use policy, but in a much wider sense subject of foreign
policy, economic policy, and regional equalization this are some of the few
a few which could be directly related to a policy co-ordination. The
question of policy design, then, is rel evant for every public policy, of course.
In the field of transport policy, however, we have argued that the chosen
instruments are of special interest for the following reasons:
First, as already pointed out, transport policy has many cross-sect oral
implications, which makes its goals largely interdependent. The policy
design, thus, not only has to influence individual and societal behaviour in
one direction, but in many directions at the same time, like transport is not
only related in moving people it is important but if other issues use of
resources, health, climate & environment and other coming up issues which
society need to think and apply in there day to day life as they use transport
thereby taking into account the cross-sectional character of the policy.
Second, transport policy is treating the general societal phenomenon of
mobility--the very nature of today's society rather than a mere characteristic.
Transport policy treats a core attribute of the modern world. It cannot be the
goal, therefore, to change mobility itself, but rather the patterns of mobility
in order to find a way to make the said nature of today's society compatible
with actual society. Sustainability in this understanding is besides its already
broad meaning also a question of speed--social, economic, and regarding
the use of natural resources. This complexity of political goals in transport
policy makes the question of policy design outstanding interesting for policy
research.
Finally, it is for the same reason that we consider the question of innovation a
third major stake for the analysis of transport policy. Transport is a field, which
is almost as much subject to technical innovation as is the field of
information technologies. This important technological progress offers great
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opportunities, but embraces also threats. And the threats are made a way
aside.
The policy process has focused on the urgent current issues which every city
is going through and which are identified by the urban local bodies and
resulting in policy recommendations which will hopefully move a long way
as solution comes there are some other problem arise. So it makes us feel
that these are the solution for a short term. It would make a realistic
approach toward long term reality and a clear strategy for bringing that
vision. Might be this would be overlooked and focused in a broad sense to
assess local and international trend affecting transport including advanced
transport systems and their applicability.