Nurturing students’ professional spirit in translation courses
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Transcript of Nurturing students’ professional spirit in translation courses
Nurturing Students’ Professional Spirit in Nurturing Students’ Professional Spirit in Translation Courses with Empowerment Translation Courses with Empowerment
ApproachApproach
Sugeng HariyantoSugeng HariyantoState Polytechnics of Malang, IndonesiaState Polytechnics of Malang, Indonesia
sg_hariyanto[@]yahoo.co.idsg_hariyanto[@]yahoo.co.id
Sharing of Sharing of experience in experience in developing developing translation translation coursescourses
BackgroundBackground
Unemployed university graduatesUnemployed university graduates Esp. foreign language graduatesEsp. foreign language graduates
Good economic growth of IndonesiaGood economic growth of Indonesia
Entrepreneurship or professional spiritEntrepreneurship or professional spirit
Some statistical backgroundSome statistical background
Population: 242.3 million Population: 242.3 million (2011)(2011)
Higher education: 3011 (+ 15)Higher education: 3011 (+ 15)
Students and graduates of Students and graduates of language- language- and-literature and-literature related field of study (2010)related field of study (2010)
Non – teacher training:Non – teacher training: Students: 116,172 Graduates: 17,659Students: 116,172 Graduates: 17,659
Teacher training:Teacher training: Students: 170,081 Graduates: 24,947Students: 170,081 Graduates: 24,947
TOTAL:TOTAL: Students: 286,253 Graduates: 42,606Students: 286,253 Graduates: 42,606
EVERY YEAR
2 Translation courses (of the whole BA 2 Translation courses (of the whole BA program)program)
show them “translator” is an alternative show them “translator” is an alternative profession and make them ones.profession and make them ones.
Baseline situationBaseline situation
Translation I: Lecture on the Translation Translation I: Lecture on the Translation Studies basic themes, e.g. linguistic and Studies basic themes, e.g. linguistic and translation, culture and translation, definition translation, culture and translation, definition of translations, dichotomies in Translation of translations, dichotomies in Translation Studies, Translation strategies, etc.Studies, Translation strategies, etc. Delivery mode: lectureDelivery mode: lecture
Translation II: Translating specific textsTranslation II: Translating specific texts Students do the text translation as home Students do the text translation as home
assignment and discuss in the class where assignment and discuss in the class where teacher is the center of the activityteacher is the center of the activity
Course structureCourse structure PhilosophyPhilosophy ApproachApproach DesignDesign techniquetechnique
Literature ReviewLiterature Review Approaches to Approaches to
translation teachingtranslation teachingProduct orientedProduct orientedProcess orientedProcess orientedSkill-orientedSkill-orientedFunction-orientedFunction-orientedEmpowerment appEmpowerment appInteractive approachInteractive approach
((sorry, it may be a bit sorry, it may be a bit overlappingoverlapping) )
1. Product oriented1. Product oriented
Teaching focus: the productTeaching focus: the product Usually teacher centered Usually teacher centered Students’ trial and errorStudents’ trial and error Discussion: student presents, class Discussion: student presents, class
discussion/error analysis, feedback discussion/error analysis, feedback from the teacher based on his/her from the teacher based on his/her perspectiveperspective
Orientation: produce the best Orientation: produce the best
2. Process-oriented2. Process-oriented
Focus: to see what’s going on in the mind of a Focus: to see what’s going on in the mind of a translatortranslator
Translator reports in a written form the Translator reports in a written form the processprocess Diary (Olivia, 2000)Diary (Olivia, 2000) Sequential process (Gile, 1995)Sequential process (Gile, 1995) Collaborative translation (Jakobsen, 1994)Collaborative translation (Jakobsen, 1994)
Class discussion: students reports the Class discussion: students reports the problems encountered and the solution takenproblems encountered and the solution taken
3. Function-oriented approach3. Function-oriented approach
Focus: appropriate function of the target Focus: appropriate function of the target text (quality of the product)text (quality of the product)
Teaching Technique: Certain steps in Teaching Technique: Certain steps in the processthe process
Material: Authentic text/warm textMaterial: Authentic text/warm text
4. Skill-oriented approach4. Skill-oriented approach
Focus: translation skills or strategyFocus: translation skills or strategy Classroom scenario: discussion Classroom scenario: discussion
appropriate skills for certain problems appropriate skills for certain problems and exerciseand exercise
Source of idea: Mona BakerSource of idea: Mona Baker
5. Empowerment approach (Kiraly, 1992)5. Empowerment approach (Kiraly, 1992)
Focus: achieving student’s professional Focus: achieving student’s professional level of autonomylevel of autonomy
Classroom scenario:Classroom scenario: Many independent workMany independent work Authentic projectAuthentic project
Students’ Roles: project manager, Students’ Roles: project manager, translator, editortranslator, editor
Teacher’s role: client representativeTeacher’s role: client representative
What is the teaching of What is the teaching of Translation like in Indonesia?Translation like in Indonesia? Bachelor levelBachelor level
1 dept of Translation, Open University, 1 dept of Translation, Open University, (distant learning)(distant learning)
At other universities, Translation is only 2 or At other universities, Translation is only 2 or 6 credit points out of 120 credit points taken 6 credit points out of 120 credit points taken by Ss.by Ss.
Translation Master’s program: 4 Translation Master’s program: 4 Translation Doctorate programs: 2 (USU Translation Doctorate programs: 2 (USU
and UNS)and UNS)
S
I
T
U
A
T
I
O
N
What are the contents of the What are the contents of the courses?courses? Bachelor levelBachelor level
1 dept of Translation, Open University, (distant 1 dept of Translation, Open University, (distant learning) – translation theory and practicumlearning) – translation theory and practicum
At other universities: Overview of the field and At other universities: Overview of the field and theories, with minimal text translation exercise.theories, with minimal text translation exercise.
Translation Master’s program: Translation Translation Master’s program: Translation theorytheory
Translation Doctorate programs: translation Translation Doctorate programs: translation theorytheory
PROPOSAL assumptionPROPOSAL assumption
PACTE model of Translation Competence (2005)
NOT
ENOUGH
NOT
ENOUGHNOT
ENOUGHNo team-work
ProposalProposal
Approach, design and procedure (2004)Approach, design and procedure (2004) Approach: theories or belief about Approach: theories or belief about
Translation. Translation is a Translation. Translation is a professional skill. Skills can be nurtured. professional skill. Skills can be nurtured. Translation teaching shall empower Translation teaching shall empower students to be professional translators. students to be professional translators.
Design:Design: Content selectionContent selection AimAim SequencingSequencing Ss and Ts’ rolesSs and Ts’ roles
For Bachelor students:
-2 subjects on Translation, not enough; must be at least 3
-The 3 subject is considered as one course
Basic idea:
- scalfolding
translators
1
SequencingSequencing
12
3students
Team work,etc
Knowledge about translation
Bilingual
Instrumental
Extra-linguisticExtra-linguistic
1
SequencingSequencing
12
3
Team work,etc
Knowledge about translation
Bilingual
Instrumentaltranslators
Extra-linguistic
Translation ITranslation I
Definition and types of TranslationDefinition and types of Translation Dichotomies in Translation studiesDichotomies in Translation studies Translation procedures/strategiesTranslation procedures/strategies Finding word level equivalenceFinding word level equivalence Finding phrase level equivalenceFinding phrase level equivalence Finding clause/sentence level Finding clause/sentence level
equivalenceequivalence Textual equivalenceTextual equivalence
Translation IITranslation II
Translating general textTranslating general text Translating short storiesTranslating short stories Translating journal articlesTranslating journal articles Translating newsTranslating news Translating filmTranslating film
Translation IIITranslation III
Project workProject work Real jobReal job Use of CAT and Use of CAT and
related softwarerelated software Real paymentReal payment Final score based Final score based
on the group work on the group work and product qualityand product quality
Translation III: Product EvaluationTranslation III: Product Evaluation
Error categoryError category Error sub-categoryError sub-category Severity levelSeverity level
languagelanguage Grammar/syntaxGrammar/syntaxPunctuation/spellingPunctuation/spellingNaturalness/fluencyNaturalness/fluency
minor/major/criticalminor/major/criticalminor/major/criticalminor/major/criticalminor/major/criticalminor/major/critical
terminologyterminology Adherence to glossaryAdherence to glossaryField specificField specificconsistencyconsistency
minor/major/criticalminor/major/criticalminor/major/criticalminor/major/criticalminor/major/criticalminor/major/critical
accuracyaccuracy Wrong meaningWrong meaningOmissionOmissionAdditionAdditioncross-referencecross-reference
minor/major/criticalminor/major/criticalminor/major/criticalminor/major/criticalminor/major/criticalminor/major/criticalminor/major/criticalminor/major/critical
Result is discussed with the students.
Translation III: Process EvaluationTranslation III: Process Evaluation
Teacher’s observation
Working document (PM, TSL, EDT)
Biggest challenge!!!
Experience from the fieldExperience from the field
Changing roleChanging roleTeacher: not readyTeacher: not readyStudents: fineStudents: fine
Students’ opinionStudents’ opinionSelf confidenceSelf confidenceProfessional attitudeProfessional attitude
Final note: encouragementFinal note: encouragementWe cannot just provide a fertile land for a sprout, but we must water it, too.
Think positive!
every tunnel has its end.every tunnel has its end.
Work the best, and Work the best, and others will notice others will notice you.you.
God knows, but He waits. God knows, but He waits. So, wait for your turn to So, wait for your turn to
rock the world.rock the world.