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Transcript of Nursing Migration and the Global Health Care Economy Dr Mireille Kingma International Council of...
Nursing Migration and theNursing Migration and theGlobal Health Care Global Health Care
EconomyEconomy
Dr Mireille KingmaInternational Council of Nurses
International MigrationInternational Migration
What do we know?
• 3% of the world’s population
• 191 million people
• 48% female
• Industrialised countries: One out of 10
• International labour market
GlobalisationGlobalisation Better communication –
access to information
Better transport options
More bi-lateral/multi-lateral trade
agreements
Mutual recognition agreements
Shortage facilitated immigration
International recruitment practices
Current WorkforceCurrent Workforce
• Industrialised countries• Australia, Canada, UK, US• Switzerland• Ireland
• Developing countries• Cameroon• Ghana• South Africa
Projected Nurse ShortfallsProjected Nurse Shortfalls
• 2010: Australia – 40,000• 2012: USA – 1 million
• 2016: Canada – 113,000
• 2017:
– Netherlands: 7,000
– Norway: 3,300
– Switzerland: 3,000
(1%-5% of practicing registered workforce)
Supply and DemandSupply and DemandTypes of migrant nurses
– Economic migrant– Quality-of-life migrant– Career-move migrant– Partner migrant– Adventurer migrant– Survival migrant– Holiday workers– Student migrant– Return migrant
Nurse ABNurse AB
Country A
Country B
Migration PathwayMigration Pathway
ServicesGoods
Agencies Institutions
EntrepreneursRegulatory Bodies
Businesses
Education
• Training for export• Foreign student
– Fees– Language competence– Accommodation/travel/food
• Satellite campuses• Distance learning• Employment provider• Private business investment• Perks: recruitment/retention
AccreditationAccreditation
• Screening
• Testing
• Supervised clinical placement
• Tutoring
• Placement agencies
• Supervisors
The Right to WorkThe Right to Work
• Visas– Temporary– Permanent residence
• Employment– Journals– Internet– Diaspora– Individual initiatives– Recruitment agencies
Spin-Off ServicesSpin-Off Services
• Immigration lawyers
• The move– Persons– Furniture/belongings
• Housing
• Phone services
• Banking services
• Securities
Exploitation/Fraud• Agency fees• Accommodation
– Quality– Charges
• Visa fraud• Contracts
– False representation– Deskilling– Substitution
• Corruption• Freedom of association
RemittancesRemittances
• US$300 billion – 2006
• Reaching 10% world’s population– Consumption– Education– Investment
• Drain?
• Gain?
Brain CirculationBrain Circulation
• Development opportunities
• Employment opportunities
• Business opportunities
• Multicultural nursing-competitive edge
• Positive practice environments
• Innovation
• Dissemination of good practice
Global Health Care Global Health Care EconomyEconomy
• Direct impact on society and other sectors, incl commerce
• Nurse migration is part of globalization initiatives
• Recruitment and deployment must be regulated
• Self-sustainable workforces• Human rights must be respected