Nursing informatics presentation
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Presenter: Leeann SillsRegistration # 10/0532/0169Lecturer: Ms Tabitha Mallampati
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Informatics?
French word informatique which means computer science.
Informatics is defined as computer science + information science.
Used in conjunction with the name of a discipline, it denotes an application of computer science and information science to the management and processing of
data, information, and knowledge in the named discipline.
Thus we have, medical informatics, nursing informatics, pharmacy informatics and so on…
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What is Nursing Informatics
A way of helping in the management and processing of nursing information data through the use of computers.
Involves research and analysis aimed at supporting nursing education and practice.
Deals specifically with the process of gathering and acquiring nursing health care data.
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History
Nurses have worked in informatics roles for over twenty-five years, but the phrase “nursing informatics” was not seen in the literature until 1984. Nursing informatics has established itself as a specialty in the nursing field.
Nurses have become proficient in utilizing and adapting complex technology into caring nursing practice for decades, at least since the time of Florence Nightingale in the United Kingdom and even earlier, when Jeanne Mance (1606-1673) founded the first hospital in Montreal, Canada in 1642.
Various forms of machinery such as ventilators and physiological monitors were first used in intensive and critical care settings, and are now currently used in adapted form in less acute areas, even in home care.
Nursing has evolved significantly over the past few decades, with many of the changes being driven by advances in information and communication technology .
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Advances in Machinery
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Advances in Machinery
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Advances in Machinery
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Advances in Machinery
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Definitions
Rognehaugh
“the use of any computer and information technologies that support any nursing function carried out by nurses in the performance of their duties”
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Definitions
Hannah (1985)
“use of information technologies in relation to those functions, within the purview of nursing that are carried out by nurses when performing their duties”
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Definitions
Graves and Corcoran(1989)
“a combination of computer science, information science and nursing science designed to assist in the management and processing of nursing data, information and knowledge to support the practice of nursing and the delivery of nursing care.”
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Definitions
Hebda (1998 )
Defines nursing informatics as "the use of computers technology to support nursing, including clinical practice, administration, education, and research.
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Definitions
ANA Scope and Standards of Nursing Informatics Practice( 2001, pg vii)
“Nursing Informatics is a specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information, and knowledge in nursing practice. Nursing informatics facilitates the integration of data, information and knowledge to support patients, nurses and other providers in their decision-making in all roles and settings. This support is accomplished through the use of information structures, information processes, and information technology.”
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Goal The goal of Nursing Informatics is to improve the
health of populations, communities, families, and individuals by optimizing information management and communication. This includes the use of technology in the direct provision of care, in establishing effective administrative systems, in managing and delivering education experiences, in supporting life-long learning, and in supporting nursing research.
(Scope of Standards of Nursing Informatics Practice - American Nurses Association 2001)
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Framework of Nursing Informatics?The framework for nursing informatics relies on the
central concepts of data, information and knowledge:
DATA: is defined as discrete entities that are described objectively without interpretation
INFORMATION: as data that is interpreted, organized or structured
KNOWLEDGE as information that has been
synthesized so that interrelationships are identified and formalized. Resulting in decisions that guide practice.
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Framework of Nursing InformaticsDeals with how this data is collected and processed with an aim to improve various decision-making levels within the nursing profession.
Is applied to model the human processing of data, information, and knowledge within a computer system.
Automates the processing of nursing data to information and the transformation of nursing information to nursing knowledge.
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Data – Information – Knowledge Triad
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Application of Nursing Informatics
Nursing Informatics can be applied to all areas of nursing practice which include;
Clinical Practice, Administration Education Research
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Clinical Practice
Point-of-Care Systems and Clinical Information Systems
Work lists to remind staff of planned nursing interventions
Computer generated client documentation
Electronic Medical Record (EMR) and Computer-Based Patient Record (CPR) Monitoring devices that record vital signs and other measurements directly into the client record (electronic medical record)
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Clinical Practice
Computer - generated nursing care plans and critical pathways
Automatic billing for supplies or procedures with nursing documentation
Reminders and prompts that appear during documentation to ensure comprehensive charting
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Nursing Administration
Health Care Information Systems
Automated staff scheduling
E-mail for improved communication
Cost analysis and finding trends for budget purposes
Quality assurance and outcomes analysis
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Nursing Education
Computerized record-keeping
Computerized-assisted instruction
Interactive video technology
Distance Learning-Web based courses and degree programs
Internet resources-CEU's and formal nursing courses and degree programs
Presentation software for preparing slides and handouts-PowerPoint and MS Word
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Nursing Research
Computerized literature searching-CINAHL, HINARI, Medline and Web sources
The adoption of standardized language related to nursing terms-NANDA, etc.
The ability to find trends in aggregate data, that is data derived from large population groups-Statistical Software, SPSS .
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Benefits Electronic Medical Records(EMR )benefits: Improved access to the medical record. The EMR can
be accessed from several different locations simultaneously, as well as by different levels of providers.
Decreased redundancy of data entry. For example, allergies and vital signs need only be entered once.
Decreased time spent in documentation. Automation allows direct entry from monitoring equipment, as well as point-of-care data entry.
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Benefits
Increased time for client care. More time is available for client care because less time
is required for documentation and transcription of physician orders.
Facilitation of data collection for research. Electronically stored client records
provide quick access to clinical data for a large number of clients.
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Benefits
Improved communication and decreased potential for error. Improved legibility of
clinician documentation and orders is seen with computerized information systems.
Creation of a lifetime clinical record facilitated by information systems
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Decision Support Software
Decision- support software, computer software programs that organize information to aid in decision making for client care or administrative issues; these include:
Decision-support tools as well as alerts and reminders notify the clinician of
possible concerns or omissions. An example of this, is the documentation of patient allergies in the computer system. The health care providers would be alerted to any discrepancies in the patient medication orders.
Effective data management and trend-finding include the ability to provide
historical or current data reports. Extensive financial information can be collected and analyzed for
trends. An extremely important benefit in this era of managed care and cost
cutting. Data related to treatment such as inpatient length of stay and the
lowest level of care provider required can be used to decrease costs.
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Advantages
Database advantages
shared data; centralized control; disadvantages of redundancy
control; improved data integrity; improved data security, and
database systems; flexible conceptual design.
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Advantages
More easily archived Standardized and customized
reporting Legible More accurate patient data, less
chance of error Document set maintained
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Disadvantages Complex conceptual design process Need for multiple external databases Need to hire database-related employees High DBMS acquisition costs A more complex programmer environment Potentially catastrophic program failures A longer running time for individual
applications Highly dependent DBMS operations
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Disadvantages
Increased costs to startup, maintain, train, and upgrade Computer literacy required-fear of computers
Confidentiality, privacy and security difficult to guarantee
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Conclusion
At present, nursing informatics is an emerging field of study. National nursing organizations support the need for nurses to become computer literate and versed in the dynamics of nursing informatics. We are at a transition period. Becoming educated in nursing informatics is, for the most party, a self-directed and independent endeavor. Programs that offer basic and further education in nursing informatics are beginning to spring up around the globe, but many more are needed to provide easy access for motivated nurses.
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Conclusion
Virginia Saba (1992) predicted, "By the turn of the century, most health care delivery systems will function with computers and will be managed by computer literate nurses. I believe, that by the turn of the century, "high tech and high touch" will be an integral part of the health care delivery system,"