China and Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and Missiles
Nuclear Weapons: The Final Pandemic Preventing Proliferation and Achieving Abolition
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Transcript of Nuclear Weapons: The Final Pandemic Preventing Proliferation and Achieving Abolition
Nuclear Weapons: The Final PandemicPreventing Proliferation and Achieving Abolition
Changing views of the biological effectsof low-level ionizing radiation
Steve WingAssociate Professor of Epidemiology
University of North Carolina School of Public Health
Brenner et al., 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Lifetime Cumulative Dose
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Ln (RR)
Dose (in rems)
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Ln (RR)
Dose (in rems)
Dose at Ages 45+
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
External Radiation and Cancer Deaths, 1943-1990
Based on Richardson & Wing, Int J Epidemiol, 28:428-436, 1999
Estimated association between cumulative radiation dose (3-yr lag) and mortality due to leukemia.
Leukemia Leukemia-CLL Myeloid Leukemia
Males & Females
ERR/10 mSv 0.041 0.077 0.123
90% CI -0.001, 0.116 0.014, 0.198 0.021, 0.354
LRT (2, 1 d.f.) 2.50 4.92 5.14
Males only
ERR/10 mSv 0.044 0.082 0.136
90% CI 0.000, 0.123 0.016, 0.211 0.025, 0.395
LRT (2, 1 d.f.) 2.72 5.22 5.54
Richardson & Wing, American Journal of Epidemiology, 2007
Time since exposure
Leukemia Leukemia-CLL Myeloid Leukemia
3-<15 years
ERR/10 mSv 0.280 0.369 0.437
90% CI 0.021, 0.728 0.003, 1.046 <0, 1.598
LRT (2, 1 d.f.) 3.34 2.78 1.74
15-<30 years
ERR/10 mSv 0.012 0.009 0.013
90% CI <0, 0.109 <0, 0.167 <0, 0.364
LRT (2, 1 d.f.) 0.07 0.02 0.01
30+ years
ERR/10 mSv -0.003 0.104 0.211
90% CI <0, 0.151 <0, 0.458 <0, 1.192
LRT (2, 1 d.f.) 0.00 0.98 0.86
Association between mortality due to leukemia among male SRS workersand cumulative radiation dose accrued in 3 exposure time windows
15 country study A-bomb survivors
(men ages 20-60 ATB)
SRS study
No. cancers
ERR/Sv (90%CI)
No.
cancers
ERR/Sv (90%CI)
No.
cancers
ERR/Sv (90%CI)
196 1.93
(<0, 7.14)
83 3.15*
(1.79, 5.18)
62 7.70
(1.40, 19.80)
Excess relative risk per Sv for leukemia excluding CLL for A-bomb survivors, workers included in the IARC 15-country study, and for SRS workers
* Derived via a linear ERR model adjusted for age, calendar period, and city
Alice Stewart’s model of exposure age and cancer risk
Stewart, A. Environmental Health Perspectives, 108:93-96, 2000
Pierce et al. Radiation Research, 167:735-741, 2007
Alternative Descriptions of Age-at-Exposure Effects on Solid Cancer Incidence, Life Span Study, 1958-1998
Preston et al., Radiation Research, 168:1-64, 2007
age at exposure
Prevalence Odds Ratios for “Multifactorial Disease” in Relation to Parental Radiation Doses:
Clinical Health Study of Children of A-bomb Survivors
Relative odds per Gy, 95% CI
Female offspring Male offspring
Mother’s dose 0.980.83 – 1.16
0.970.81 – 1.17
Father’s dose 1.040.90 – 1.21
0.760.65 – 0.89
RERF, Report on the Health Effects Study of the Children of A-bomb Survivors, March, 2007
Source: US Department of Energy, Closing the Circle on the Splitting of the Atom, 1996