Nuclear safety regulatory structure Finland Documents/Presentations/02-06_F… · The use of...

SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY

Nuclear safety regulatory structure Finland

NNRP WorkshopJuly 4‐6,2011 Bonn


Presentation Outline

• Nuclear facilities in Finland• Authorities involved in regulation and licensing of nuclear facilities• Legislative and regulatory framework


Olkiluoto NPP (TVO)

• 2 operating units ‐ ABB BWRs

• OL3 (EPR) under construction

• DiP approved for OL4

Loviisa NPP (Fortum)• 2 operating units ‐ VVERs

Fennovoima Ltd

• New utility, no operating reactors, DiP approved for FV1 (2 alternative sites)

Nuclear power plants in Finland

Photo: TVO

Photo: Fortum


Loviisa npp

Plant Start-up National Nominal electric power, Type,unit grid (gross/net, MW) supplierLoviisa 1 8 Feb1977 9 May1977 510/488 PWR,

AtomenergoexportLoviisa 2 4 Nov1980 5 Jan 1981 510/488 PWR,

Atomenergoexport

Fortum Power and Heat Oy owns the Loviisa 1 and 2 plant units located in Loviisa.

Photo: Fortum


Olkiluoto npp

Plant Start-up National Nominal electric power, Type,unit grid (gross/net, MW) supplierOlkiluoto 1 2 Sep 1978 10 Oct1979 910/880 BWR,

Asea AtomOlkiluoto 2 18 Feb 1980 1 Jul 1982 890/860 BWR,

Asea AtomOlkiluoto 3 Construction license granted about 1,600 (net) PWR,

17.2.2005 Areva NP

Teollisuuden Voima Oyj owns the Olkiluoto 1 and 2 plant units located in Olkiluoto, Eurajoki, and the Olkiluoto 3 plant unit under construction.

Photo: TVO


OL3 Project ‐ General• Project is progressing but is about

four years behind the original schedule

– Start of commercial operation in 2013– Fuel load by the end of 2012– Operating licence application in 2011.

• Status of the project– Design ongoing ‐ open design issues on

I&C– Final civil construction activities

ongoing– Manufacturing slowing down but still

ongoing– Installation activities in progress at site– Commissioning activities to start

Photos: TVO


Nuclear facilities in Finland…

Photo: Posiva Oy

Onkalo•underground research facility in Olkiluoto constructed by Posiva Oy

•bedrock volumes suitable for final disposal of spent nuclear fuel can be investigated in more detail

•bedrock research at the planned final disposal depth is a requirement for granting a construction license for the final disposal facility

•Designed to function as one of the entrance routes to the planned final disposal facility⇒STUK applies the same regulatory procedures to the construction of Onkalo as those of a nuclear facility

•construction started in 2004, end of 2010 the excavation of the drive tunnel reached a depth of 430 m, tunnel length 4500 m.

Plan of the underground rock characterisation facility (Onkalo) and status of the construction on 17 December 2010 (Posiva Oy).

Situation 17 Dec 2010

Ventilation shaft Personnel shaft

Length of the drivetunnel

4560 mDepth of the drive

tunnel

434 m

Intake ventilation


Nuclear facilities in Finland…

FiR 1 research reactor• operated by VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland • TRIGA Mark II, maximum thermal power 250 kW• began operation in March 1962, current operating licence will expire at the

end of 2011• reactor is used for fabrication of radioactive tracers, activation analysis,

student training, Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) treatment of tumours , development of therapeutic methods

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STUK ‐ Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority

Mission:

Protecting people, society, environment, and future generations from harmful effects of radiation

Organisation:

Figures indicate number of staff at the end of 2010.Total 344.

110


Three roles of STUK• Regulatory Body

– use of nuclear reactors– nuclear waste and materials– use of radiation

• Research Centre– health effects of ionising and non‐ionising radiation– natural radiation ‐ occurrence and prevention– environmental research– radiation threats and preparedness for accidents– dosimetry and metrology– medical use of radiation– non‐ionising radiation

• Expert organisation– national preparedness for radiation accidents– information and advice to public and other authorities– contracted expert services– radiation measuring and calibration services


STUK and Ministries

MINISTRY OF SOCIALAFFAIRS AND HEALTH

‐ administrative authorityfor the use of radiation

MINISTRY OF EMPLOYMENT AND THE ECONOMY

‐ administrative authority for the use of nuclear energy

MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR‐ rescue and protection duties inemergency conditions‐ security and physical protection

MINISTRY FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS‐ nuclear safety in neighbour countries‐ non‐proliferation of nuclear weapons

STUK – RADIATION AND NUCLEARSAFETY AUTHORITY

‐ independent regulatory and researchorganisation

Budget and supervision

Expert adviceand service

Expert adviceand service


Main parties involved in licensing and regulation of nuclear facilities in Finland

All licenses for nuclear facilities are issued by the Government• Ministry of Employment and the Economy (TEM) provides administrative

support for processing license applications

STUK is the nuclear regulatory body and has following duties:• preparation of national nuclear safety regulations• safety evaluation (necessary prerequisite for issuing a license)• inspections and oversight needed to verify the safety of the facility and the

compliance with safety requirements over the plant lifetime• inspections on nuclear waste management and nuclear material safeguards

as well as security• binding orders to the licensees as needed to ensure nuclear safety (based on

expert judgment made at STUK).

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SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY 13

GOVERNMENT:Makes licensing decisions

MINISTRY OF EMPLOYMENTAND THE ECONOMYConducts preparations

STUK(regulatory body)

Public, other authorities, and expert organizations

APPLICANT

Suppliers‐nuclear industry

MUNICIPALITYOF PLANT SITE

Advice

Application

Regulatory review and oversight

Statement on safety(veto right)

Opinions

Agreement on site(veto right)

PARLIAMENT:Ratifies Decision in Principle

Expert organizations

Three step licensing:•Decision in Principle•Construction License•Operating License

Design documentation

Stakeholders in licensing ‐ roles and responsibilities

SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALENRADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY 14

Feasibility studies(by utility)

Licensing steps in Finland

Decision in Principle

Construction Licence

Operating Licence

Bidding & site preparation

Construction

Decision in Principle: Political debate on whether using nuclear energy is for the overall good of society • Government decision and Parliament ratification/rejection • STUK’s preliminary safety assessment • Issued in February/May 2002 for Olkiluoto 3• Issued in May/July 2010 for Olkiluoto 4 and Fennovoima 1

Construction Licence • Government Decision• STUK’s Safety assessment on the acceptability of Technical principles and requirements of the plant • Issued in February 2005 for Olkiluoto 3

Construction: • Review and approval of the detailed design • Oversight of manufacturing and construction

Operating licence• Government Decision• STUK’s safety assessment on the technical and organisational aspects of the as build plant

Environmental Impact Assessment

Energy policy

Nuclear safety


Licensing status of the existing Finnish NPPs

Relicensing of the operation of a NPP involves a comprehensive safety review, latest renewals were done taking into account the IAEA PSR guidelines (NS‐G‐2.10, previously 50‐SG‐O12)

Loviisa NPPTerms of licenses

Olkiluoto NPPTerms of licenses

LO1 LO 2 OL1 OL21977 - 1983 1980 - 1983 1978 - 1983 1982 - 19831984 - 1989 1984 - 1988 1984 - 1988 1984 - 19881989 - 1998 1989 - 1998 1989 - 1998 1989 - 19981999 - 2007 1999 - 2007 1999 - 2018 1999 - 20182007 - 2027 2007 - 2030 PSR in 2008 PSR in 2008PSR in 2015 and 2023

PSR in 2015 and 2023

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Legislative and regulatory framework

The use of nuclear energy•Nuclear Energy Act (990/1987)•Nuclear Energy Decree (161/1988)•Government Decrees

on safety of NPPs (733/2008) on physical protection of NPPs (734/2008) on emergency preparedness (735/2008) on safety of the disposal of nuclear waste

(736/2008)•Regulatory Guides (YVL Guides) concerning the use of nuclear energy

The use of radiation•Radiation Act (592/1991) •Radiation Decree (1512/1991) •Decree of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health on the medical use of radiation (423/2000)•Regulatory Guides (ST Guides) concerning the use of radiation

Finnish Regulatory Pyramid

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