Nuclear power plant
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Transcript of Nuclear power plant
Seminar Topic OnNUCLEAR POWER PLANTAND ITS IMPORTANCE IN
INDIA
Tapas kumar Mishra
7th sem,Electrical
Under the able guidance of Er. M.M. Patra
Prof J.K. Maharana(HOD)
CONTENTSIntroduction
Nuclear reaction
Nuclear fission process
Nuclear chain reaction
Constituents of Nuclear power plant
Nuclear Reactor(Main parts)
Types of power reactors commonly used
Nuclear energy deal in India
World Production of Electricity by the Fuel in 2002:
Nuclear Power Plants in India
Nuclear Reaction:-
A projectile is taken
Mass-Energy conversion acc. to Einstein’s equation
Nuclear Fission process:-
In this process heavy nucleus is splitted and release high energy
1 fission of U-235 causes 230 mev energy
Nuclear chain Reaction
When a neutron hits a U-235 3 neutrons produced
“Chain reaction is defined as a fission reaction where neutron from the previous reaction continue to propagate and repeat the reaction”
Constituents of Nuclear power plant and layout
Nuclear ReactorMain parts:-
1.Reactor core
2.Moderator
3.Control rods
4.Coolant
5.Reflector
6.Thermal shielding
Power Reactors in common use
Boiling water Reactor(BWR)
Pressurized water Reactor(PWR)
Heavy water cooled and moderated(CANDU TYPE) Reactor
Gas Cooled Reactor
Liquid metal cooled Reactor
1.Boiling Water Reactor
Fuel used is rich in uranium oxide.
Ordinary water is used as both moderator and coolant.
Low thermal efficiency.
Can’t meet sudden increase of load.
Basic Diagram of a BWR
A BWR in Practice
Boiling Water Reactor Nuclear Power Plant
A reactor behaves in a similar manner. As the reactor water is boiled, its volume increases, and the steam escapes at high speed through the outlet piping. The piping is designed so the steam strikes the cups on the turbine wheel; the wheel spins and its shaft turns the copper coil in the electrical generator.
2: Pressurized Water Reactor(PWR)
Advantages:CompactnessIsolation of radio active system from main steam systemCheap light water used as both moderator and coolant
Disadvantages:Strong pressure vessel is requiredFormation of low temp. steam
High losses from heat exchangerHigh power consumption from auxilarities
Basic Diagram of a PWR
A PWR in Practice
3.Heavy Water Cooled and Moderated (CANDU Type) Reactor
Description of CANDU type reactor
It makes use of heavy hydrogen isotope (H1
2) as moderator
Primary and secondary cicuits are similar to PWR It’s very expensive to separate Control rods are not required It has high multiplication factor and low level fuel
consumption
Advanced Reactor Designs Under Consideration
GE-Hitachi ABWR – NRC Certified (1997) Westinghouse AP1000 – NRC Certified (2005)GE-Hitachi ESBWR – Under NRC Review AREVA US-EPR – Under NRC review Mitsubishi US-APWR – Under NRC Review
Benefits of Advanced Reactor Designs
Standardization Simpler and Safer Large scale power
production Operating or under
construction elsewhere
Indian Nuclear Program: The Present Status 12 PHWR & 2 BWR now under operation 4 PHWR and 2 LWR under commission 2950 MW generation & 3000 MW under commission Successful experiments with Fast Breeder Test Reactor
(FBTR) Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) for 500MWe
under construction Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR) using (Pu-Th)
O2 MOX for 300MWe: advanced stage of design approval; construction soon to begin.
Reactor Generations
Gen I Prototypes in 50’s & 60’s
Gen II 70’s & 80’s Today’s Operational
Reactors BWR, PWR, CANDU, …
Gen III ABWR, APWR Approved 90’s Some Built around the
World
Gen III+ Current Advanced Designs
in the Approval Process Pebble Bed Reactor
Gen IV Deploy in 2030 Economical Safe Minimize Waste Reduce Proliferation
MAKING INDIA A NUCLEAR POWER India 1948:-It was pt.
Jawaharlal Nehru initiated India’s Nuclear energy program
India 1967:-It was Indira Gandhi initiated India’s Nuclear weapons program
INDIA AFTER 2000 India 2005:-It was Dr.
Manmohan Singh signed 123 agreement.
India 2009:-Manmohan Singh is again interested to increase India’s civilian Nuclear energy
India has signed “Civil Nuclear Trade Agreement”.
THANK YOU