Nuclear Power International January February 2014

8/20/2019 Nuclear Power International January February 2014

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A Publication

ENRICHMENT

FUEL FOR THOUGHT

NEWS

NUCLEUS 1 Preparing for Section 316(b)

NUCLEUS 2 A Look at SMR Power Around the World

NUCLEUS 3 Addressing the Age Gap in Nuclear PowerGeneration

NUCLEAR EVENTS

PERSPECTIVE

J A N U A R Y / F E B R U A R Y 2 0 1 4

V o l u m e 7 N

o .

1

Planning

Ahead for

Unit 3 cooling tower at Plant Vogtle. Courtesy: Georgia Power

Section 316(b)


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NUCLEAR POWER INTERNATIONAL > JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2014

ENRICHME

BY SHARRYN DOTSON, EDITOR

New Year, Same Talks our media partner GenerationHub thatDOE was treating the funding as “projectfinancing” instead of “corporate financ-

ing.” Fanning said that the differences arethat project financing tends to be based

on the projected cash flows of the project,

compared to corporate financing, which

is based on the actual costs of equipment,

construction, etc. Fanning also said in the

article that the terms and conditions of

the loan guarantee were changed fol-

lowing the events surrounding solar

panel maker Solyndra. Solyndra re-ceived a $535 million DOE loan guar-

antee in 2009 and f iled for bankruptcy

in 2011.

“Those terms and conditions just

aren’t suitable for our application, so

we’ll just have to see,” Fanning was

quoted as saying in GenerationHub.

DOE’s loan guarantee offer would have

the feds assume Southern Co.’s debt up to$8.3 billion if the utility defaults on the

loan. Georgia Power and parent company

Southern Co. have both said they do not

need the DOE’s funds to complete the

two Westinghouse AP1000 reactors by

The U.S. Department of Energy made headlines when it announcedin December 2013 a second round of funding awarded to NuScale

Power LLC for the development of the company’s small modular re-

actor technology. The DOE last year also announced financial awards

for the research and development of fossil fuels, clean energy, smart

grid and other energy sources. With all this money flying around, what

has come of the loan guarantee for the two new nuclear builds at Plant

Vogtle in Georgia?

Well, the DOE extended talks for the fifth time with Georgia Pow-

er, a subsidiary of Southern Co. and majority owner of Plant Vogtle.The latest deadline is now January 31, 2014, almost four years after

the guarantees were first announced in June 2010. The loan guarantee

is for up to $8.3 billion, which breaks down to $3.46 billion for Geor-

gia Power, $3.05 billion for Oglethorpe Power and up to $1.8 billion

for Municipal Electric Authority of Georgia (MEAG), according to a

December article in The Augusta Chronicle. The remaining stake-

holder in the plant, Dalton Utilities, is not part of the loan guarantee

talks. The twin reactors are expected to cost $14 billion total.

“We are encouraged by recent progress in our loan guaranteenegotiations as we work with the Department of Energy to ad-

dress a few remaining points, including the need for intergovern-

mental agency review and approval,” said Southern Co. spokes-

person Tim Leljedal in an email.

Southern Co. CEO Tom Fanning said in a June 2013 article with

2017 and 2018. However, some cr

DOE’s reinforcement may not be

to protect consumers from having

for the project whether it is built oAccording to a Freedom of In

tion Act inquiry submitted by Fri

the Earth, a credit subsidy fee of b

0.8 percent and 1.5 percent is su

to insulate against default of the lo

the fee doesn’t even cover risks in

nuclear construction, the report sai

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CONTINUED ENRICHMENT 4NUCLEAR POWER INTERNATIONAL > JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2014

says that even if Southern Co. finally gets

the $8.3 billion loan, the incentives that

consumers would have to pay could be

more costly than those set up for the loan

guarantee given to Solyndra. Customerswould still be on the hook for the cost

of the reactors even if the project were

cancelled, a scenario faced by customers

in Florida where plans to build a nuclear

project in Levy County were cabcelled

and plans to close the damaged Crystal

River nuclear plant were disclosed last

year. Electricity consumers in the Sun-

shine State will be paying $5.62 in nu-

clear charges each month for 1,000 kWh

starting in January, which breaks down

to $2.17 in fees for the damaged CrystalRiver reactor over the next seven years,

and $3.45 in fees for the Levy County

project over the next two or three years,

according to the Florida Public Service

Commission. Fanning said in the article

that Southern Co. customers could ex-

pect a cost increase of only 6 percent to

8 percent, down from the 12 percent fig-

ure that was initially reported.Fanning said building these units on

time and on budget is essential to main-

taining confidence in the nuclear indus-

try. How can the public feel confident

that more new nuclear reactors will be

built to help maintain reliability of the

power grid when it seems difficult to get

government financing? Solyndra’s bank-

ruptcy filing already makes some leery ofDOE’s judgement of “worthy” projects,

so this four-year timeline surely isn’t sit-

ting well. Hopefully, Jan. 31 will be the

last time loan guarantee talks are classi-

fied as “ongoing.”

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across the U.S.

Both the NRC and INPO have

looking at the cumulative impact of reg

and possible ways to address it. The NEnergy Institute (NEI) is working w

NRC on ways to assess the effects of reg

and potential tools for managing the

of regulatory actions. Initial NEI presen

on the subject include 22-page and 3

slideshows replete with flow charts, sprea

and tables, plus multiple appendice

additional information. NEI has propose

projects on cumulative impact at planext year, but the NRC commissioners

have to be involved in any pilots and th

is moving at a slower pace.

The NRC is working on an initial

on regulatory efficiency due next July

is working on another paper on cum

impact that will not be complete unti

While you would expect and want po

changes impacting nuclear power regulabe detailed, comprehensive and not ru

fear that the industry and the regulator ar

engineering and broadening potential so

to the problem of low-value regulatory b

The Washington D.C.-based Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) recently

released a paper on the economic and national security imperatives that should compel lawmakers

to enable the U.S. nuclear industry to be more competitive in the global nuclear energy arena

and thereby maintain a crucial leadership role. In Restoring U.S. Leadership in Nuclear Energy,

the CSIS explains how state and federal mandates for renewable energy have created market

distortions in the electricity sector. Combined with sustained low natural gas prices, direct

and indirect renewable subsidies have made nuclear power uneconomic. In addition to current

economic disadvantages, the other major challenges to U.S. nuclear leadership are export marketimpediments and domestic challenges. Domestic challenges include excessive capital costs for

new construction, waste management uncertainties, gaps in public acceptance, and regulation.

“Regulation” - in particular, self-regulation - is the one area in which the industry has the

ability to make improvements directly. Although the authors only briefly discuss the impact

of compounding regulation (NRC) and self-regulation (INPO), they express concerns about

added regulatory requirements that lack commensurate safety benefits that, in turn, contribute

to financial pressures and potential additional plant shut-downs. This concern is not academic,

in that regulatory issues have been cited in recent plant closure announcements, such as the

SONGS shutdown in California.There is widespread recognition that the nuclear power industry has benefitted from

the diligence and high standards of the NRC and INPO, which have helped raise overall

plant performance to high levels. Nonetheless, there is also now an acknowledgement that

cumulative regulation has become notably burdensome to the management of nuclear facilities

U.S. Nuclear Power Survival Part 2BY MARY JO ROGERS, PH.D., PARTNER, STRATEGIC TALENT SOLUTIONS


FUEL FOR THOUG


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constrained by its own mental models

and by how it has historically addressed

any problem. INPO’s mission is “topromote the highest levels of safety and

reliability—to promote excellence—in

the operation of commercial nuclear

power plants.” In speaking to the BP

Oil Spill Commission in 2010, Jim

Ellis, then CEO of INPO, stated that

INPO has strongly and successfully

resisted any efforts over the years to

alter its mission.Recall that the industry’s most

significant gains in safety and reliability

performance began in the late 1990’s,

when a number of utilities started

participating in de-regulated electricity

markets that put great pressure on

plants to perform. I suggest that true

innovation in the efficient management

of nuclear energy in the future wi ll needto come from outside the institutions

that are currently so tightly interwoven

to protect the industry from lapses in

safety.

INPO has had teams working on

cumulative impact and recently shared

with its members the first reporton “short-term” actions. The INPO

report, which focused on four initial

areas, is 92 pages long. It provides

excellent problem definitions, lists of

insights on how the problem evolved,

desired end state descriptions as well as

actions. It is exhaustive. The section on

“Initial Improvement in Management

and Leadership” alone includes over35 behaviors and responsibilities

for supervisors and managers. It is

not surprising that there have been

grumbles in the industry that the

activities to address cumulative impact

are creating additional burden.

I don’t mean to be critical of the

efforts of people who have worked

hard to understand cumulative impactand identify ways to reduce regulatory

burden. My main concern is that INPO’s

ability to lead the industry in reducing

regulatory burden may be significantly

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CONTINUED

6NUCLEAR POWER INTERNATIONAL > JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2014

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Toshiba close to owning Britishnuclear power joint ventureJan. 10

Toshiba Corp. is working to increaseits stake in British nuclear power compa-

ny NuGen by buying a 10 percent share

from GDF Suez.

GDF Suez currently owns 50 percent

of NuGen, and is selling the 10 percent

stake for about 3 billion yen ($29 million),

according to Reuters. Iberdrola SA agreed

in December to sell its 50 percent stake in

NuGen to Toshiba for 85 million pounds($140.12 million). Iberdrola has been sell-

ing assets to reduce debt.

NuGen owns a site in Sellafield where

it plans to build 3.6 GW of nuclear ca-

pacity. Toshiba is looking to gain control

of NuGen so that it’s Westinghouse unit

can supply the joint venture with three of

Westinghouse’s AP1000 reactors for the

Sellafield project.

L-3 MAPPS to replace nuclearpower simulator’s control roomJan. 10

L-3 MAPPS was contracted to

temporarily shut down just weeks after

it restarted.

Workers with the Omaha Public

Power District were making routineinspections at Unit 1 when they no-

ticed a block of ice had formed on the

shaft and the top of one of six sluice

gates that control the flow of water into

the plant on Jan. 8. The ice also bent

the sluice gate operating shaft, which

caused the gate to not close and made

all four raw water pumps inoperable.

Workers shut the plant down as a pre-caution, and there was no danger to the

public or to workers, OPPD said.

The ice has since been cleared and

the plant will be restarted once the

gate can be lowered.

Fort Calhoun restarted in December

after a two-year shutdown. The plant

was down for maintenance in April

2011, but the nearby Missouri River in-undated the plant and caused it to be

shut down longer. A series of violations

and a fire kept the plant offline. The

NRC had to approve the restart of the

plant.

replace the input/output (I/O) system

on the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Sta-

tion’s simulator’s main control room

panels and related remote shutdownpanels.

L-3 MAPPS will replace more than

13,000 I/O channels with low power

consumption compact controllers and

I/O modules from Beckhoff Automa-

tion that are managed by L-3’s Orchid

Input Output software. L-3 MAPPS

will also replace select simulator con-

trol room panel instruments, includingthe synchroscope, rod position indica-

tors and the sound generator, with cus-

tom-designed equivalents.

The company has supplied plant

owner Guangdong Nuclear Power Joint

Venture Co. Ltd. since 1999. The plant

uses two AREVA pressurized water re-

actors that generate 984 MWe each.

Ft. Calhoun nuclear power plantshut down due to iceJan. 10

A buildup of ice caused the Fort

Calhoun nuclear power plant to

NRC to lower Pilgrim nuclearplant performance to “degraJan. 9

The U.S. Nuclear Regulatorymission (NRC) said it would dow

the performance of the 685 MW

nuclear power plant in Massachuse

months after the NRC increased

tions at Pilgrim. Entergy (NYSE

operates the plant.

The Pilgrim plant will be place

seven other nuclear plants in the “d

ed cornerstone column.” The deplants require special NRC insp

and increased oversight, said Nei

han, spokesperson for the NRC.

Pilgrim was already under add

NRC oversight due to the plan

matically shutting down Octobe

for a week due to the loss of a 3

power line that provided offsite

to the plant. It was the second tiplant shut down last year. Tha

dent led to the plant having a “

performance indicator last year.

NRC’s Sheehan said in an em

the plant’s Performance Indica


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remains in back up mode due

patching restrictions, the articl

It is expected to stay that wayFebruary.

TEPCO names Sudo as chairmJan. 8

The Tokyo Electric Power Co

CO) announced that Chairma

zuhiko Shimokobe resigned e

March 31.

TEPCO’s board appointed Sudo as the new chairman e

April 1. Sudo previously was TE

director and advisor to JFE Holdin

TEPCO in December sub

a rehabilitation plan expected t

the company a profit of about 1

lion yen ($953.5 million) in fisc

2014. The plan, however, is con

upon TEPCO restarting operatthe Kashiwazaki-Kariwa nuclear

plant in July 2014, which woul

cut fuel costs, according to an

from Jiji Press.

construction and concessions company

Eiffage and Belgian diesel engine mak-

er Anglo Belgium Corp.; and Westing-house, which is partnered with U.S.

diesel engine maker Fairbanks, the ar-

ticle said.

France’s nuclear regulator ASN re-

quired EDF to install 58 diesel engines

by the end of 2018 to supply backup

power to EDF’s nuclear fleet in re-

sponse to the accident at Fukushima in

Japan.

Nuclear power unitin Ukraine returns to serviceJan. 9

Unit 4 of the 2,835 MW Rivne Nu-

clear Power Plant in Ukraine is back on-

line six days after defects were found.

According to ForUm, The plant first

shut down on Jan. 3 when defects ofseparator-superheater fittings were de-

tected, the article said. The unit was

restarted on Jan. 9.

Unit 1 at the Rivne nuclear plant

to Power Engineering. “It is important

to note, that two of the four shutdowns

were the result of electric transmissionline problems external to Pilgrim. We

are working closely with the owners

of the transmission system to identify

ways to improve electrical grid reliabil-

ity. The shutdowns had no impact on

the health and safety of the public or

our employees.”

Alstom sues EDF overnuclar backup power tenderJan. 9

Alstom is suing EDF over allegations

that Alstom was excluded from a ten-

der to provide backup diesel engines in

EDF’s nuclear power plants.

According to Reuters, Alstom and

its German partner MAN SE filed the

legal challenge at the end of Decemberover the 1 billion euros ($1.4 billion)

tender for the diesel engines. EDF is

reportedly in talks with two groups:

Clemessy, a consortium of French

Unplanned Shutdowns per 7,000 Hours

is expected to change from “green” to“white” once it is updated, which will

move the plant down to degraded.

“Operating Pilgrim at the highest

levels of safety and reliability is our

top priority. We have conducted rig-

orous reviews of the plant shutdowns

to identify needed improvements. Our

action plan is broad-based and address-

es plant equipment, processes and or-ganizational structure. Changes have

been made in some key site leadership

positions to accelerate our improve-

ment,” Entergy released in a statement

NRC TO LOWER PILGRIM NUCLEAR PLANT

PERFORMANCE TO “DEGRADED”

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the Environment Agency, and N

Resources Wales.

In an interview with North

Chronicle, Ian Parker, the Enviro

Agency’s nuclear regulation grou

ager, said that the GDA allows t

identify and resolve issues befo

specific proposals are brought foThe assessments include safe

curity, environmental and was

plications of new reactor design

formed by regulators.

as the cause analysis does not need to be

completed f irst.”

About four hours later, Unit 3 atthe Indian Point nuclear power plant in

New York automatically tripped due to

“33 Steam Generator Steam flow/Feed

flow Mismatch,” the NRC said. Plant

operator Entergy (NYSE: ETR) said in

a release that a controller device failed

to regulate the flow of water into one of

the plant’s four steam generators, which

led to lowered water levels. Backup sys-tems at the plant deployed as designed

and the unit was safely shut down. The

unit was returned to service on Jan. 8.

Unit 2 continued to run at full power.

Wylfa nuclear reactor proposalassessment underwayJan. 7

The U.K. Advanced Boiling WaterReactor proposal for the Wylfa nuclear

reactor is under Generic Design Assess-

ment (GDA). The assessment is being

conducted by the Office for Nuclear,

FE) said a main transformer differential

trip caused the reactor to shut down. The

transformer converts power generatedfrom the plant to the appropriate voltage

for distribution throughout the transmis-

sion system, according to Jennifer Young,

spokesperson with FirstEnergy. It is locat-

ed on the generation side of the plant.

The cause of the trip is under investiga-

tion. Backup systems worked as designed

and the plant is stable. Unit 2 was unaf-

fected by the trip and continues to run atfull power.

“There are a large number of condi-

tions that can cause tranformer issues

such as that experienced at Beaver Val-

ley Unit 1,” said FirstEnergy spokes-

person Jennifer Young. “The team will

consider a variety of factors during its

intrusive diagnosis, including any po-

tential impact of cold weather on theequipment. While the investigation is

ongoing, we expect the causal analysis to

take at least a week. Meanwhile, we will

proceed with the repair or replacement,

Day & Zimmermann tomaintain Texas nuclear power plantJan. 8

Day & Zimmermann was awarded a

five-year maintenance and modifications

contract with STP Nuclear Operating Co.

in Texas.

STP is operator of the South Texas

Project, a 2,700 MW nuclear power plant

in Texas. The plant is owned by Austin

Energy, CPS Energy and NRG Energy

(NYSE: NRG).

Two nuclear power plantsautomatically shut downJan. 8

Two nuclear power plants automati-

cally tripped within hours of each oth-

er Jan. 6.

Unit 1 at the Beaver Valley nuclear

power plant in Pennsylvania automatical-ly tripped around 5 p.m. EST, according

to an event report with the U.S. Nuclear

Regulatory Commission (NRC).

Workers with FirstEnergy (NYSE:

WYLFA NUCLEAR REACTOR PROPOSAL

ASSESSMENT UNDERWAY

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of our company, and we are exc

welcome Stoller to our team.”

Nuclear power plant inUK suddenly shuts downJan. 6

EDF Energy was forced to shu

the Heysham 1 nuclear power p

the United Kingdom on Jan. 4.

According to the BBC, a fault

er pump led to the shut down. O

said in the article that it was a

incident,” and that standard shuprocedure was followed.

There is no word on when th

will be back online, but off icials

the article they hope to have it r

by next week.

Turkey’s nuclear power plantexpects approval by JuneJan. 3

Turkey’s Minister of Energy

Yildiz announced that the countr

ond nuclear power plant project,

$22 billion, is expected to receive a

al by the parliament by June.

nuclear and technical consulting and

engineering services to the depart-

ments of Energy and Defense. The val-

ue of the deal was not disclosed.Stoller will be a wholly owned sub-

sidiary of HII and will operate under

its Newport News Shipbuilding (NNS)

division. NNS designs and builds nu-

clear-powered aircraft carriers and

submarines, and the company recently

expanded its nuclear and manufactur-

ing business into the DOE and alterna-

tive energy industry.“With this strategic acquisition, New-

port News Shipbuilding is positioned

for expanded growth within the DOE,

environmental management and com-

mercial nuclear services markets,” said

HII Corporate Vice President and NNS

President Matt Mulherin. “Stoller’s ex-

ceptional commitment to performance

and safety are well recognized by theenvironmental management and reme-

diation industry and are attributes that

directly support our plan for continued

growth within these markets. This is

an important investment in the future

UK regulators beginsecond phase of nuclearreactor design evaluationJan. 6

The United Kingdom’s Office for Nu-

clear Regulation (ONR) and the Environ-

ment Agency said they are moving on to

the next phase of their assessment of a

new nuclear reactor design.

The two agencies will begin the second

phase of the Generic Design Assessment

(GDA) for the Hitachi-GE UK advanced

boiling water reactor (UK ABWR) that isscheduled for use in the Wylfa and Old-

bury nuclear power plants. The report

will allow regulators to assess the safety,

security, environmental and waste impli-

cations of new reactor designs before site-

specific plans are brought forward.

Nuclear & environmental

engineering firm bought byHuntington Ingalls.Jan. 6

Huntington Ingalls Industries

(NYSE: HII) acquired The S.M. Stoller

Corp., a provider of environmental,

MHI to establish nuclear powerplant business unit in TurkeyJan. 7

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI)will establish a new business unit effec-

tive Feb. 1 to develop a nuclear power

plant in Turkey.

The new unit, called the “Turkey Nu-

clear IPP Development Department,” was

built to accelerate formation of project

conditions for the Sinop nuclear power

project in Turkey, including implement-

ing a feasibility study, negotiating variouscontract agreements, and preparing a fi-

nancial scheme. The unit will be under

the guidance of the Energy & Environ-

ment domain headed by Senior Execu-

tive Vice President Atsushi Maekawa.

The power project will use four, 1,100

MWe ATMEA-1 nuclear power plants

in the Sinop area of the Black Sea coast.

ATMEA is a consortium of Japan-basedMHI and France-based AREVA. In Oc-

tober, the consortium reached a broad

framework of agreement with the gov-

ernment of the Republic of Turkey that

ended negotiations over the power plant.

CONTINUED


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11/23

at Plant Vogtle in Georgia has be

tended until Jan. 31.

Georgia Power, majority ow

Plant Vogtle and a subsidiary of ern Co. (NYSE: SO), said talk

the U.S. Department of Energy

prolonged again. The last deadli

Dec. 31. The DOE first offered t

guarantees in 2010 for up to $8.3

to be split between three of the o

Georgia Power, Oglethorpe Pow

Municipal Electric Authority of G

The discussions remain confident

of Japan’s Diet raised questions that

the accident could have resulted from

the loss of coolant caused by the earth-

quake, which would have contradictedprevious reports that the reactor with-

stood the earthquake intact, according

to NucNet.com.

Units 1, 2 and 3 all suffered reac-

tor core, fuel and containment dam-

age. Units 4, 5 and 6 were offline at

the time of the accident, but Unit 4’s

reactor building was damaged by a hy-

drogen explosion.The report was less conclusive on

why water injected into Units 1, 2 and

3 did not cool the reactor cores and

prevent meltdown, the article said. It

is possible that water seeped into other

systems and did not reach the core. An

investigation into the amount of water

used is ongoing, the article said.

Plant Vogtle loan guaranteedeadline extended until Jan. 31Jan. 2

The deadline for talks to finalize a loan

guarantee for two new nuclear builds

plant in China was connected to the pow-

er grid Dec. 31.

According to Business Standard, the

unit is expected to begin commercial op-erations in the next few months and cost

about 73.2 billion yuan ($12.1 billion).

Plans for the plant include six units that

will enter commercial operations by Janu-

ary 2019, the article said.

TEPCO: Fukushima nuclearreactor failure caused by tsunami,

not earthquakeJan. 3Tokyo Electric Power Co. says in a

new report that the damage at Unit

1 of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear

power plant in Japan was caused by the

impact of the tsunami and not coolant

loss caused by the earthquake.

The report says Unit 1 survived the

earthquake intact, and that the tsuna-

mi knocked out the backup diesel gen-

erators, which led to the failure of the

cooling systems that caused the acci-

dent. The Fukushima Nuclear Accident

Independent Investigation Commission

The project, which is located in Tur-

key’s Black Sea province of Sinop, will

be built by Mitsubishi Heavy Indus-

tries and AREVA, according to an ar-ticle from Balkans.

In 2013, Japan and Turkey entered

into an agreement for the construction

of the power plant.

Yildiz said in an interview that the

country is conducting research on

thermal power plants on Elbistan coal

fields, which is currently responsible

for 40 percent of the country’s lignitereserves. He added that generation fa-

cilities that can produce up to 7,000

MW are in the planning process and

expects the investment to cost $10 bil-

lion.

Most recently, the two countries en-

tered an agreement to establish a Turk-

ish-Japanese Technical University in

Turkey, the article said.

New nuclear reactor inChina connects to the gridJan. 3

Unit 1 of the Yangjiang nuclear powerPLANT VOGTLE LOAN GUARANTEE DEADLINE

TENDED UNTIL JAN. 31

CONTINUED


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12/23

Farley nuclear plantreceives World-Class ALARAPerformance AwardDec. 30

Southern Nuclear’s Joseph M

Nuclear Plant has been selected to

the 2013 Information Systems on

pational Exposure (ISOE) Worl

ALARA (As Low As Reasonably A

able) Performance Award, the co

has announced.

Southern Nuclear President an

Steve Kuczynski stated in a releaccomplishment “is a direct result

engagement by the radiation worke

porting the plant during refueling o

and during power generation.”

The ISOE system was created i

to provide radiation protection pro

als a way to share methods to op

radiological protection services at

power plants. ISOE is jointly spo

by the Nuclear Energy Agency a

International Atomic Energy Agen

Southern Nuclear is a subsid

Southern Co.

may end up paying 17 billion pounds

($27.8 billion) in subsidies to EDF,

which was picked to build the plant.

S. Korea OKs restartof three nuclear power reactorsJan. 2

South Korea’s Nuclear Safety & Se-

curity Commission approved the re-

start of three nuclear power reactors

in the country on Jan. 2, according to

Reuters.

The Shin Kori 1 and 2 and the Wol-song 1 reactors had been shut down

since May to replace cables that were

supplied with forged documents. The

fake document scandal led to the ar-

rest of more than 100 people, including

some government officials. The cables

passed tests for use in the plants back

in November.

South Korea has 23 nuclear reactors

that generate about a third of the coun-

try’s power. The restart of the three re-

actors leaves three other reactors that

are still offline.

in Pakistan, including energy, roads and

technology.

CEZ may sign nuclearpower plant deal by 2015Jan. 2

Czech Republic-based CEZ said it

could sign a contract with a company

to expand the Temelin nuclear power

plant by mid-2015, according to Re-

uters.

CEZ said in the article it was waiting

for the government to finalize a nation-al energy strategy and negotiate a guar-

anteed price for the power produced

at the plant. U.S.-based Westinghouse

and Russia’s Atomstroyexport are in

the running to build two new reactors.

The two units are expected to go live

in 2025.

CEZ said in Reuters it is watching a

European Union investigation into the

British government’s subsidies of the

Hinkley Point C nuclear power project.

The plant is expected to cost 16 billion

pounds ($26.2 billion), but consumers

“We are encouraged by recent prog-

ress in our loan guarantee negotiations

as we work with the Department of En-

ergy to address a few remaining points,including the need for intergovernmen-

tal agency review and approval,” said

Southern Co. spokesperson Tim Le-

ljedal.

China to put $6.5bn intoPakistan nuclear power projectsJan. 2

China will lend $6.5 billion to Paki-stan to help build nuclear power plants

in the country.

According to Economic Times, the

loans will be provided by the Exim Bank

and will be repaid at a concessional rate

over 20 years. Pakistan began work on

the Karachi 2 nuclear power plant in

October that is part of the $4 billion,

2,000 MW Karachi Coastal power

project. The plant is expected to be

completed by 2020.

Chinese companies are expected to

invest $18 billion in 100 major projects

CONTINUED


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13/23


NUCLE

Preparing for Section 316(b)

and is not a workable solution fo

power plants.

“The problem is that while it

EPRI has done research to doc

that it would be expensive and

disruptive of our electric power

and the ecological benefits wo

debatable,” he said.

Though the Clean Water Act Section 316(b) rule was not finalized on Jan.

14 as scheduled, there are still steps that plant owners and manufacturers

can take to prepare for the rule’s upcoming passage.

Section 316(b) of the Clean Water Act requires that the location, design, con-

struction and capacity of cooling water intake structures reflect the best available

technology (BAT) for minimizing adverse environmental impact, according to the

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)’s website. Due to the government

shutdown in October, the EPA missed a November 4 deadline, so it was extended

to January. EPA said it would release the final rule “as soon as possible.”The rule focuses on two parts: impingement and entrainment. Plant owners

have eight years from when the rule is finalized to be in compliance with the im-

pingement requirement. How long it will take to comply with the entrainment

requirement will be determined by how long the project takes to complete.

The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) is currently evaluating and de-

veloping technologies that will help lower the amount of fish and their larvae or

eggs being impinged by or entrained in the cooling water intake systems. Douglas

Dixon, technical executive and program manager of EPRI’s fish protection pro-

gram, says the organization’s research into the rule focuses on four areas: technol-

ogy, biological sampling methods, cost-benefit analyses and thermal discharge.

“One of the key things we have found through our research is that the ways to

reduce the impact on marine life are site-specific,” Dixon said. “What you can do

at one plant would not be applicable at another.”

Some of those site-specific factors include plant location, species of fish involved,

how the plant operates, the debris that

it has to filter, the hydraulics of the loca-

tion and the temperature of the water.

Dixon said research has shown that

closed-loop cooling is as close to a broad

technological fix of reducing fish and

shellfish impacts as any available tech-

nology, but it has its own shortcomings


SIDE-BY-SIDE TESTING OF DIFFERENT SCREENS WAS PERFORMED AT ALDEN RESEARCH LABORATORWORCESTER, MASS. ALL PHOTOS COURTESY OF EPRI


14/23

CONTINUED


NUCLE

EPRI’s national closed-cycle cooling

analysis four years ago estimated $100

billion to retrofit 450 power plants.

Those retrofit costs are now estimated to

be at least $50 million per plant, or $22.5

billion total. The system itself could cost

$2 billion or more per plant, particularly

for nuclear facilities, Dixon said.

Other technologies include a veloc-

ity cap that can only be used by plants

located near deep water, like plantsalong the Great Lakes, the Pacific coast,

the New England coast and in south-

ern Florida. “By moving it offshore, you

also have a reduction in the loss of en-

trainable life like eggs and larvae,” Dix-

on said. “It has a high performance, but

its limited to certain plants.”

EPRI is also researching variable

speed water pumps, fine mesh travel-ing screens and fish return systems that

work similarly to a water slide at an

amusement park.

Many companies are working with

EPRI to prepare now, Dixon said.

“There is going to be a high demand for

technological support, but the needed

expertise may not be available,” Dixon

said. “They’re starting to get their con-

tracts together, requests for proposals,

educating their own staff about how to

comply with the rule.”

Some states are being proactive in

establishing permitting requirements,

including what they con-

sider to be the best avail-

able technology. The stateof California, for example,

is requiring Pacific Gas &

Electric to look into con-

verting its intake system

to closed-loop cooling at

the Diablo Canyon nucle-

ar power plant, according

to Jason Eichenberger, a

senior civil engineer withBurns & McDonnell. Some

utilities are leaning toward

using a fish handling sys-

tem on the intake screen or traveling

screens.

“We are working on one project

where they have permit requirements

to install wedge wire screens,” Eichen-

berger said. “We’re putting together a

compliance plan for submittal to the

state agency and we’re currently pro-

ceeding down the path to do the design

based on the proposed rule.”

A wedge wire screen is a cylindrical

screen that is placed in the water i

of the intake structure, Eichen

said. “It’s a passive screen tha

enough surface area so you’re in

pliance with the impingement c

Cooling towers could bring a

into compliance with the entra

criteria, but they are costly and c

pact plant performance by raisin

pressures and creating other issue

Consulting and EPC firm

BILFINGER TECHNOLOGIES CONTRIBUTED ITS

FINE-MESH PILOT SCREEN FOR TESTING AT THE

ALDEN LAB. IT IS NOT AVAILABLE COMMERCIALLY IN

THE U.S.

A CLOSE-UP OF ANOTHER FINE MESH SCREEN TESTED BY EPR


15/23

CONTINUED


NUCLE

advising clients to begin lining up sup-

pliers before there is a rush. Burns &

McDonnell is preparing cost analyses

so clients have an idea of how much a

future compliance project could cost.

“Clients have been calling and asking

how much is it going to cost to retro-

fit their intake system,” Eichenberger

said. “With impingement, compliance

strategies are relatively clear. With en-

trainment, that is not the case. It may

come down to the state level and what

is required on a site-specific basis.”

Jack Tramontano, environmental

group manager and program manager

for Section 316(b) with URS Corp.,said waiting for the rule to be finalized

has put everyone in a holding pattern.

“It’s been kind of a frustrating pro-

cess because of the numerous delays,”

he said. “Also, the Notices of Data

Availability (NODA) published in June

2012 indicates that EPA is considering

some significant changes to the draft

rule. It’s difficult for facilities to planahead with all of the uncertainty.”

He echoes that many plant owners

are concerned about the costs of retro-

fitting or modifying their cooling water

intake systems.

“Finding ways of complying with mi-

nor upgrades to current intake technol-

ogy is one way to avoid a lot of capital

costs,” Tramontano said. “Otherwise,

because there is so much uncertainty,

most are in a wait-and-see attitude

right now.”

That uncertainty has added up to

many unanswered questions about

how to comply with the rule, includ-

ing whether closed-cycle cooling willbe considered BAT or if additional fish

protection will be necessary.

“Larger plants that have been de-

signed with closed-cycle cooling may

still have to install modified Ristroph

screen with fish returns for impinge-

ment compliance, according to draft

regulations,” Tramontano said. “Those

who thought that with closed-cyclecooling that they were okay or thought

that they wouldn’t have to apply new

technologies may now have to apply

them. However, EPA may be creating

alternatives for facilities with very low

impingement levels or mortality rates

which should be applicable to facilities

with cooling towers. This approach

will require impingement sampling,

but could allow the facility to avoid a

costly intake system upgrade.”

The finalized rule could include a

streamlined or pre-approved approach

based on modified Ristroph-typ

eling screens for impingement,

it for protective measures alreplace, allowing local permitting

cies to determine BAT through

velocity compliance, modifyin

compliance schedule for im

ment and entrainment and mo

monitoring requirements, Tram

said. “We have heard from secon

sources that EPA has adopted m

these changes in the final rule.”Tramontano said that he is a

clients to collect and organize h

studies and other information o

plant’s cooling water intake sy

“Many of the people we work w

the industry, who have the instit

knowledge of 316(b) at the faci

reaching retirement age or have

retired.” He suggests that compa

a gap analysis of the information

ed to comply with the rule and

where that information is befo

institutional knowledge is lost.

EPRI’s national closed-cycle

cooling analysis four yearsago estimated $100 billionto retrofit 450 power plants.Those costs are now estimatedto be at least $50 million perplant, or $22.5 billion total.


16/23


NUCLE

A Global Look at SMR Power

“The construction concept is as

tant as the rated output,” Hess said

designs are supposed to challenge

tus quo.”

Some countries have been op

small reactors for more than 40

Small reactors are also being u

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) announced in December that NuScale

Power LLC is the second company to receive funding for the development of

its small modular reactor (SMR) technology. While small reactors have been

in use for decades, building reactors using a modular design is a relatively new concept.

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) classifies a small nuclear reactor as

a unit that generates up to 300 MW of electricity, or about one-third the size of a large-

scale nuclear reactor. A small modular reactor is one where the entire nuclear island is

built as one piece before it is installed inside the containment shield.

The Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI) said that SMRs could potentially change thepower generation landscape around the world as well as in the U.S.

“Once certified by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, these innovative reac-

tors will have the equivalent of the ‘Gold Seal’ of approval worldwide,” said Paul Genoa,

NEI senior director for policy development. “By manufacturing clean energy technology

the world demands, we can transfer our safety and security culture along with our tech-

nologies—creating high tech jobs right here at home.”

SMRs could potentially be used in many applications, such as replacing small coal-

fired power plants, in areas without access to transmission lines, or places where demand

may be increasing faster than large-scale power plants can be built, said David Hess,

communication analyst with the World Nuclear Association (WNA). However, SMRs

face high costs due to it being such a new technology.

“The SMR represents a break from the ‘bigger is better’ approach and therefore stands

to be more expensive unless it can realize other forms of cost reduction, e.g. through

design or economies of mass production

– where factory assembly and shipping

allows for a high quality production line

process,” Hess said.

Hess said that regardless of the price

tag, the benefits of the technology would

outweigh any financial limitations.


AN ARTIST’S RENDERING OF THE AKADEMIK LOMONOSOV, A FLOATING 70 MWNUCLEAR POWER PLANT IN RUSSIA. COURTESY: ROSATOM


17/23

CONTINUED


NUCLE

a PHWR that began operations in

Twin reactor Unit 2 began service in

Unit 1 was fully refurbished and u

ed from 2009 to 2010 after 16 yoperation.

Both units at the Madras nucle

er plant in Kalpakkam are PHW

generate 205 MW of electricity eac

1 began operations in 1984, and

followed in 1986. Unit 1 was refu

in 2002 to 2003, and Unit 2 was

bished from 2004 to 2005. Capac

restored to 220 MWe and their liwere extended to 2033 for Unit

2036 for Unit 2.

Tarapur units 1 and 2 are G

Electric boiling water reactors

that generate 150 MW of electricit

They have been operational since

They were built as 200 MWe re

but were downrated due to re

problems, the WNA said. The uni

refurbished in 2005 after Russia s

supplying enriched uranium. In

2006, Russia agreed to supply the

um again.

The Kaiga power plant uses fou

innovative ways to site the reactors while

still maintaining power to the grid.

RUSSIAOne country that is deploying its small

reactors in different ways to meet growing

electricity demand in hard-to-reach re-

gions is Russia. The country’s state-owned

power company, Rosatom, is building a

floating 70 MWe nuclear power plant in

the hull of the Akademik Lomonosov, a

vessel located in Vilyuchinsk, Kamchatka

Krai. The ship is 144 meters (472 feet)long and 30 meters (98 feet) wide and

will use two, Izhorskiye Zavody-produced

35 MWe KLT-40S nuclear reactors. The

first 220 tonnes (485,016 pounds) steam

generating unit, which includes one of the

35 MWe reactors, was installed on Sep-

tember 27 at the Baltiysky Zavod shipyard

where the floating nuclear plant is under

construction. Both reactors were installed

in the ship’s hull on Oct. 2, according to

Rosatom.

The plant is scheduled for comple-

tion in December 2016 and will be de-

ployed near the port of Pevek on Russia’s

Chukotka peninsula on the East Siberian

Sea. The reactors have also been used on

the Taymyr and Vaygach nuclear icebreak-

ers, Rosatom said on its site.Rosatom also operates four, 11 MW

nuclear units at the Bilibino nuclear power

plant. The units are all light water graph-

ite reactors (LWGR). One unit came on-

line each year between 1974 and 1977,

according to the U.S. Energy Information

Administration (EIA).

The country has a total installed nu-

clear capacity of 23.6 GW across 33 op-erational reactors at 10 locations. The life

expectancy of a reactor in Russia is ap-

proximately 30 years, but the government

set the period for life extension at 15 years.

INDIA

India has six nuclear power plants that

use small nuclear reactors generating just

under a total of 2,000 MW of electricity.

According to the Nuclear Power Corpo-

ration of India Limited (NPCIL), those

projects include the Rajasthan, Narora,

Kakrapar, Madras, Tarapur and Kaiga nu-

clear power plants.

The Rajasthan nuclear plant utilizes

six units that generate between 90 and

202 MW of electricity each. All six units

are pressurized heavy-water reactors(PHWR). Units 1 and 2 are CANDU re-

actors. Unit 1 is the oldest and the small-

est, generating 90 MW of electricity since

1973. However, due to performance is-

sues, that unit has been shut down since

2004 as the government considers what

to do with it, according to data from the

WNA. Rajasthan 2 has a capacity of 187

MW and has been operational since 1981.Units 3 through 6 each generate 202 MW

of electricity each. Units 3 and 4 came on-

line in 2000, and units 5 and 6 began op-

erations in 2010. The units were designed

and built by NPCIL based on a Canadian

design.

The two units at the Narora nuclear

power plant are PHWRs that generate

202 MW of electricity. Units 1 and 2 have

been operational since 1991 and 1992, re-

spectively. Unit 2 was refurbished with

replacement calandria tubes in a project

that started in 2009 and lasted a year.

The 202 MW Kakrapar Unit 1 is also


18/23

CONTINUED


NUCLE

of China Huaneng Group, CNEC

and Tsinghua Holdings Co. Lt

consortium will be responsible

construction and operation of th

onstration project, the CNEC site

According to the WNA, the

PM reactor was initially designe

a 200 MWe reactor, but the pl

sign has evolved so that they ar

being built as twin 105 MWe re

with a single steam generator.

reactor, began commercial operation

in 2011. CHASNUPP 1 and 2 are ex-

pected to shut down in 2040 and 2051,

respectively, when they reach their lifeexpectancies.

The 125 MW Karachi 1 nuclear

power plant, or KANUPP 1, has been

in operation since 1972. The Pakistan

Atomic Energy Commission operates

that reactor.

Pakistan has said that it plans to build

8,000 MWe of nuclear in the country

by 2025. The Chinese government an-nounced on January 2, 2014, that it

would lend $6.5 billion to Pakistan to

help build new nuclear power plants in

the country, though the government

did not specify the capacity range of

the reactors. The loans would be pro-

vided through China’s Exim Bank and

be repaid at a concessional rate over 20

years.

CHINA

While China is helping Pakistan meet

its nuclear goals, the Chinese govern-

ment has plans to install an additional

70 GW by 2020, accord-

ing to the EIA.

The 298 MW Qinshan

Unit 1 is a pressurized wa-ter reactor (PWR) that

has been operational since

1994. It is owned by the

Qinshan Nuclear Power

Co. and is located in main-

land China. China is also

building a 210 MW High

Temperature Gas-cooled

Reactor Pebble-bed Mod-ule (HTR-PM) reactor at

Shidaowan in Weihai city,

Shandong province. The

reactor will drive a single 210 MWe

steam turbine and is being built as part

of the Rongcheng Nuclear Power In-

dustrial Park project. Huaneng Power

is investing 5 billion yen ($826.2 mil-

lion) into the project, and Tsinghua

University holds a 20 percent stake in

the project. Commercial operation is

scheduled for 2017. The owner of the

plant is CHNG Shandong Shidaowan

Nuclear Power Co. Ltd., a consortium

MWe units. Units 1 and 2 have been in

operation since 2000, Unit 3 began ser-

vice in 2007, and Unit 4 started opera-

tions in 2011.After the 2011 Fukushima accident,

several NPCIL taskforces made recom-

mendations to improve the safety of the

Tarapur BWRs and all of the PHWRs in

the country. The Tarapur reactors have

undergone the safety enhancements, but

the Madras plant must install enhanced

flood defenses to protect against tsunamis

higher than the 100-foot tall tsunami thathit in 2004.

PAKISTAN

Pakistan, as of September 2013, has

725 MWe of capacity in its small nu-

clear power program, according to the

WNA. The Chashma 1 power plant in

Punjab province uses a 325 MWe two-

loop pressurized water reactor (PWR)

supplied by China-based CNNC. The

plant began commercial operation in

2000, and is also known as CHASNUPP

1. CHASNUPP 1 began operations in

2000. CHASNUPP 2, a 300 MWe net

THE KARACHI 1 NUCLEAR POWER PLANT IN PAKISTAN USES A

137 MW CANDU REACTOR. COURTESY: CANDU ENERGY


19/23


NUCLE

WITH 38 PERCENT OF THE NUCLEAR POWER INDUSTRY WORKFORCE EXPRETIRE IN THE NEXT FEW YEARS, COMPANIES ARE LOOKING AT WAYS TO NEW EMPLOYEES TO FILL THE EMPLOYMENT VACANCIES. PHOTO COURT

Addressing the Age Gap in Nuclear Power Generation

transfer,” she said.

While knowledge transfer is on

issues the industry is looking into

it comes to its work force, anothe

lem is finding young employees to

those who are retiring. To help brin

employees into the workforce, th

nuclear industry launched the N

Uniform Curriculum Program in

According to the Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI), more than 120,000 people

work in the U.S. nuclear power industry, with 38 percent of them set to retire

within the next few years. In an industry where knowledge and experience can

prove invaluable, many companies are looking at ways to offset that loss, whether it is

through training or the use of expert systems.

The issue of retaining the current knowledge base not only concerns the companies

that employ nuclear workers, but also the young workers themselves.

“This is something we’ve recognized for a long time,” said Christine Csizmadia, presi-

dent of the North American Young Generation in Nuclear (NAYGN). “That’s some-thing we’re constantly trying to address and solve. We don’t have a silver bullet, but

that’s something we’re definitely concerned with.”

NAYGN, which was formed in 1997, looks for ways to help train a workforce that

could see its average age drop drastically in the next 10 years as workers retire and are

replaced by younger employees. One of the organization’s main targets is knowledge

transfer, Csizmadia said.

The group works to hit that target through a variety of methods. A professional

development chair is included on the leadership team to ensure members have oppor-

tunities to learn and grow in the industry, Csizmadia said. Each year, NAYGN hosts a

professional development conference held in conjunction with NEI’s Nuclear Energy

Assembly.

“Members who are sent by their company to this conference get workshops and sem-

inars on public speaking, communication, knowledge transfer, how to benchmark – dif-

ferent things you don’t necessarily get to do when you’re working in a reactor operations

room,” she said. “We

try to give them as

much of that type of

exposure as we can.”

Csizmadia also

works as the manag-

er of grassroots and

outreach programs

at NEI, but stressesthat the members of

NAYGN come from

many different com-

panies in the indus-

try. The organization

is itself a grassroots organization, and has

been able to accomplish as much as it has

through the generosity of companies that

sponsor it, Csizmadia said.

“Our sponsors are incredibly generous,

and we are very thankful they have seen

our worth and have continued to support

us and encourage us to be creative in try-

ing to problem solve issues like knowledge

BY JUSTIN MARTINO, ASSOCIATE EDITOR


20/23

CONTINUED NUCLEUS20NUCLEAR POWER INTERNATIONAL > JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2014

a standardized certificate program that

provides training for jobs at nuclear plants.

According to a report from NEI released

last summer, there are 1,500 students en-rolled at 35 community colleges who are

planning on entering the nuclear industry.

According to the NEI, the indus-

try hired nearly 15,000 people between

2009 and 2012, and the data sug-

gest the industry has sufficient engi-

neers and operators to continue running

the facilities as the workforce retires. The

institute’s sixth biennial workforce pipe-

line survey, conducted in February 2013,

showed that enrollment in the nuclear

technology programs has grown from 100

in 2008 to 1,500 at the time of the sur-

vey, with the programs graduating nearly

500 students in 2012.

Although organizations like NAYGN

provide resources for training employees

once they’re in the workforce, NEI senior

media relations manager Mitch Singer

said many companies also have their own

in-house leadership development pro-

grams.

In addition, companies are not hesitant

to provide responsibility to a person who

has proven to be capable.

“They do not worry about the age of

someone when it comes to giving themresponsibility,” Singer said. “They basical-

ly say if they’re qualified, they don’t care

how young they are. They will give them

the responsibility, and they will mentor

them in-house with certain leadership

programs.”

The retirements are also affecting the

craft side of a nuclear plant, according to

Guy Starr, president of Day & Zimmer-

mann’s Atlantic business unit. Once again,

preparation and recruitment has been im-

portant in dealing with the problem.

“I know retirements are expected in

2016,” Starr said. “We were predicting it

four years earlier than that and have re-

ally prepared for this. We have a full-time

director for craft resources and training

whose sole purpose is to get the mes-

sage out about the great, high-paying jobs

in the nuclear industry for craft. He’s in

front of high school students quite a bit,

because the way that we look at it, a lot of

people don’t necessarily know what they

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21/23

CONTINUED


NUCLE

“One of the things I think is very

important for people to understand is

we don’t necessarily have a labor short-

age in this country,” Starr said. “We

have a shortage of skilled labor. There

are plenty of people out there who can

do this work. We just need to get them

trained, and that’s what we’ve been fo-

cused on for the past 10 years.

“It’s an industry-wide issue, and it’s

not going to be solved by any one com-

pany. It’s going to be solved by the in-

dustry.”

The industry is responding

increased recruitment and variou

grams to train the new emp

young employees in the nuclear

try, like Csizmadia, are working

tain the knowledge base and exp

currently in the field.

“We don’t want to lose the

edge that already exists,” she sai

want to make sure we capture it

something we take very serious

something we want to get the re

as much as we can before we se

of these folks retire. We’re buildi

reactors right now, and we need

sure we know what we’re doing.”

Although Day & Zimmermandoes not have a formalizedmentoring program for its cremployees, Starr said when employee who is new to nucis brought into a facility, he ois teamed up with a seasoneveteran employee.

Once the workers have been recruit-

ed, Starr said the company focuses on

training the employees. Although Day

& Zimmermann does not have a for-

malized mentoring program for its craft

employees, Starr said when an employee

who is new to nuclear is brought into a

facility, he or she is teamed with a sea-

soned veteran employee. The engineer-

ing group also has a young professionals

group that invites experienced employ-

ees to speak and help provide its mem-

bers with other avenues of self-learning.

want to do when they get out of high

school. Some people don’t have the mon-

ey necessary to go to a university and

some people just don’t want to go to a

university, so we’re offering them an op-

tion, and it’s a high-paying option.”

Starr said the company is also re-

cruiting returning members of the U.S.

military. Its Atlantic organization has

offices in Norfolk, Va., which is home

to the largest Navy base in the world,

allowing it to recruit former Navy forc-

es who worked in the nuclear field.

ORGANIZATIONS LIKE NORTH AMERICAN YOUNG GENERATION IN NUCLEAR PROVIDE OUTSIDE OPPORTUNITIES

FOR NEW MEMBERS OF THE NUCLEAR INDUSTRY TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THE FIELD. PHOTO COURTESY NAYGN


22/23

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CONTINUED

22NUCLEAR POWER INTERNATIONAL > JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2014

NUCLEAR EVENTS

1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15

16 17 18 19 20 21 22

23 24 25 26 27 28

PERSPE

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23/23


PERSPE

TOTAL NUCLEAR CAPACITY

US Vt. N.H.Vt.

Mass.Conn.

To see more data, or to request a demonstration of what is offered for the power generationindustry, subscribe to GenerationHub at: http://generationhub.com/register.php

M W

I l l i n o i s

P e n n s y

l v a n i a

S o u t h C a r o l i n a

N e w Y o r k

N o r t h C a r o l i n a

A l a b a m a

T e x a s

M i c h i g a n

A

r i z o n a

N e w

J e r s e y

G

e o r g i a

T e n n e s s e e

V

i r g i n i a

C a l i f o r n i a

O h i o

L o u

i s i a n a

C o n n e c t i c u t

F l o r i d a

A r k a n s a s

M a r y l a n d

M i n n e s o t a

M i s s

i s s i p p i

W i s c o n s i n

N e b r a s k a

K a n s a s

N e w H a m

p s h i r e

M i s s o u r i

W a s h i n g t o n

I o w a

M a s s a c h

u s e t t s

V e

r m o n t

900

800

700

600

500

1 2

4 1 6

1 0 0 1 5

6 8 9 2

5 7 0 8

5 3 9 5

5 2 7 0

5 1 3 9

4 3 7 8

4 2 0 9

4 1 0 2

4 0 4 2

3 7 1 1

3 6 5 5

2 3 2 3

2 2 3 7

2 2 3 6

2 1 6 3

1 9 3 0

1 8 4 5

1 8 2 9 1

3 7 3 1

7 0 0

1 3 1 1

1 3 0 3

1 2 6 8

1 2 4 2

1 2 3 6

1 2 0 0

6 8 0

6 7 0

5 6 3

13,000

12,000

11,000

10,000

9,000

8,000

7,000

6,000

5,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

Ia.

Mo.

Ark.

La.

Wash.

Calif.

Ari.

Neb.

Kan.

Tx.

Miss.Ala.

Wis.

Minn.

Ill.

Tenn.

Mich.

Mich.

Oh.

Fla.

Ga.S.C.

N.C.

Pa

Va.

N.Y.

N.J.

Md.

According to data provided by

GenerationHub, the U.S. has 102,041

MW of total operating nuclear capacity

in 31 states. Illinois generates the most

nuclear with 12,416 MW in the state.

Here is a breakdown of how much

nuclear each state generates.
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Nuclear Power International January February 2014

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