Nuclear Engineering and Techniques
Transcript of Nuclear Engineering and Techniques
Nuclear Engineering and Techniques
The Nuclear Engineering and Techniques(NET) group gathered expertise in nuclearphysics, engineering and nuclear analyticaltechniques applied to several scientificdomains
Nuclear Engineering and Techniques
Researchers and pos-doc – 26PhD and MSc students – 23
Maria Isabel Dias
José Marques
Maria Isabel Prudêncio
Ulrich Wahl
Nuno Barradas
João Guilherme Correia
José Antunes
Andreas Kling
Miguel A. Reis
João Alves
Rosa Marques
Marta Almeida
Augusto D Oliveira
Raquel Crespo
Ana Fernandes
Miguel Felizardo
Thomas Girard
P. Cristina Chaves
Miguel Pereira
Joana Pereira
Ana Luisa Rodrigues
Javier Garcia Rivas
Vânia Martins
Joana Lage
Joana Coutinho
Nuno Canha
Tomoko Alice Morlat
João Ramos
Carla Reis
Tiago Faria
Vitor Manteigas
Ângelo Costa
Eric Bosne
Marcelo Barbosa
Abel Fenta
Carlos Amorim
Estela Vicente
Miguel Carvalho
Majdi Yangui
Ahmad Baklouti
Chaima Boussollaa
Carolina Correia
Inês Lopes
Ricardo Teixeira
Filipe Soares
Marta Reis
Catarina Nunes
Vincent Debut
Estela Vicente
Joseph Sadvie
Nicole Buitrago
Nuclear Engineering and Techniques
Nuclear and related
analytical techniques -high range of
scientific domains
Development of advanced
materials
Development of software
for X-ray analytical methods
The interaction of
radiation with matter-emission and detection of
radiation
Neutron transport
simulation via the
Monte Carlo method
Innovative research on
Earth Sciences and
Cultural Heritage
Environmental sciences and
air quality
Application of unique radioactive beams andnuclear techniques at ISOLDE and CERN
Establishment/application of quantitative instrumental speciation methods – alternative to traditional approaches
Development of radiation detectors forindustrial and environmental applications
Paleoenvironmentalreconstruction, georresourcesand geochemistry Compositional characterization, provenance, luminescence dating and authenticity of CH artefacts
Characterization of environmental radiation,optimization of experimental set-ups anddetector response modelling
Development of tools toassess and reduce theexposure to air pollutants
Innovative Dose Rate determination in calcite-
rich contexts
Dynamics of accumulation in archaeological
contexts
Chronology, authenticity and characterization
of Historical and Archaeological artefacts
Paleoenvironmental reconstruction
Luminescence, dosimetric and compositional studies applied to:
• Luminescence Techniques (TL-OSL)• Neutron Activation Analyses (NAA)• Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP)• X-Ray fluorescence (XRF)• X-Ray diffraction (XRD)• Field gamma spectrometry (FGS)• Prompt gamma activation analyses (PGAA)• Particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE)
Contribution to luminescence absolute dating in calcite-rich archaeological and geological contexts,mitigating the calcite “dilution” effect on dose rate and the overestimation of the luminescence age, byusing:• Luminescence techniques• Chemical analyses (NAA, ICP, XRF)• X-Ray diffraction• Field gamma spectrometry
Innovative dose rate determination in calcite-rich contexts
“Radionuclide Weighed” protocol
𝑹𝒘 =𝐋𝐎𝐈 %
𝟏𝟎𝟎+ 𝟏 ∗ 𝑹c
Rw - is the new weighted
radionuclides
concentration; Rc - corresponds
to the radionuclides content
obtained by chemical analyses;
LOI – loss on ignition
Collaborations:• Era Arqueologia, S.A.• ICArHEB– Univ. Algarve • GeoBioTec – Univ. Aveiro
Project:SFRH/BPD/114986/2016 - Anthropic and naturaldynamics in prehistoric ditched enclosures: infill ofnegative structures and provenance of raw materials.
Dynamics of accumulation in archaeological contexts
Collaborations:• Era Arqueologia, S.A.• ICArHEB– Univ. Algarve • Univ. Valencia, Spain• Museu de Prehistòria de València• Univ. Exeter, UK • Laboratório de Arqueociências (LARC) – DGPC• ICETA – Univ. Porto
Ongoing Projects:• SFRH/BPD/114986/2016 - Anthropic and natural dynamics in
prehistoric (Neolithic – Bronze Age) ditched enclosures: infillof negative structures and provenance of raw materials.
• Archaeological study project in the middle Paleolithic site ofthe Cova del Puntal del Gat, Valencia
• Absolute dating by luminescence of dune deposits sealingMesolithic archaeological contexts
• Dynamic of accumulation and absolute dating of Romanditches at NW of Iberian Peninsula
Contribution to the establishment of luminescence absolute dating, nature and deposition rates in archaeological ditches, by using:• Luminescence techniques• Chemical analysis (NAA, ICP, XRF) • X-Ray diffraction• In situ gamma spectrometry
Contribution to the establishment of chronology, production technology, provenance and trade routes, by using:• Luminescence techniques• Neutron activation analyses• Prompt gamma activation analyses• PIXE• X-ray diffraction
Chronology, authenticity and characterization of Historical and
Archaeological artefacts
Collaborations:• Institute for Particle and Nuclear
Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences
• Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences
• Univ. Aberta• Inst. História Arte da Fac. Ciências
Sociais e Humanas - Univ. Nova de Lisboa
• Era Arqueologia, S.A.• ICArHEB– Univ. Algarve • UNIARQ – Univ. de Lisboa
Ongoing Projects - IPERION CH H2020- VISUAL - Santa Vitória - utensils and ornaments of an enclosure site- BELLPEN - Bell beakers and Penha-type ceramics from the NW Iberia: provenance and circulation issues - SYMBOLART - The pre-historical symbolic artefacts from Vila Nova de São Pedro, Portugal: fingerprinting a production center
Collaborations:• Univ. Huelva, Spain• Univ. Barcelona, Spain• Univ. Sevilla, Spain• Instituto Dom Luís – Univ. Lisboa• GeoBioTec - Univ. Aveiro• Univ. Atacama, Chile• Univ. Valência, Spain
Paleoenvironmental reconstruction based on geochemistry, mineralogy
and dosimetry by luminescenceOngoing Project:• Prevención de desastres sísmicos en las Béticas Orientales mediante la
integración de paleosismología, geodesia GPS, reevaluación del peligrosísmico y concienciación social (PREVENT; CGL2015-66263-RMINECO/FEDER)
By using:• Luminescence
techniques• Chemical
analysis (NAA, ICP, XRF)
• X-Ray diffraction• In situ gamma
spectrometry
Although there is a great deal of improvement with respect to control strategies of anthropogenic
emissions in Europe, the citizens exposure to air pollutants is still very high.
PollutantEU reference value (µg m-3)
Urban population
exposure (%)
WHO AQG(µg m-3)
Estimate exposure (%)
PM10 Day (50) 13-19 Year (20) 42-52
PM2.5 Year (25) 6-18 Year (10) 74-81
NO2 Year (50) 7-8 Year (50) 7-8
< 5 % 5-50 % 50-75 % > 75 %KEY
Table 1: Percentage of the urban population in the EU-28 exposed to air pollutants concentrations above the EU and WHO reference concentrations
(2015-2017)Source: Air Quality in Europe – 2019 Report, EEA Report | No 10/2019
Motivation
Air quality management in European cities
Air pollution is a major cause of premature deaths and is the single largest environmental health risk
in Europe.
Proportion of population affected
Severity of the effect
premature deathhospital admission
emergency room visitphysician office visit
reduce physical activitymedication use
respiratory symptomsimpaired lung function
Subclinical (subtle) effects
Figure 1: Air Pollution Health PyramidSource: Samet & Krewski (2007)
Figure 2: Air Pollution – The Silent KillerSource: WHO (2018)
In 2016, in the Eu-28, exposure to PM2.5 and
NO2 was responsible for the premature death of
310000 and 241000 people, respectively.
Motivation
In urban environments, Air Quality
Monitoring Stations are the traditional
way to assess air quality.
Fig 3: Air Quality Monitoring Station(Avenida da Liberdade)
Problem 1: The monitoring stations fail to
account for all the components of daily
exposure.
Problem 2: There is a lack of knowledge about
the spatial distribution of air pollutants in cities.
Problem 1: The monitoring stations fail to account for all the components of daily exposure.
• Air Quality Monitoring Stations fail to account for all the components of daily exposure.
– People spend more than 90% indoor.
– There is a huge heterogeneity in the time-activity patterns of the population.
The LIFE Index-Air project aims to develop an innovative and versatile decision
support tool for policy makers that will help them identify measures to improve
air quality and quantitatively assess their impact on the health and well-being
of the population.
Problem 1: The monitoring
stations fail to account for all
the components of daily
exposure.
LIFE Index-Air highlights the
importance of assessing the
personal integrated exposure
to particles as it is a key
determinant of the dose
received by an individual and
thus influences the health
impacts.
Problem 2: There is a Lack of knowledge about the spatial distribution of air pollutants in cities.
• In cities like Lisbon, there are a limited amount of Air Quality Monitoring Stations due to their
high acquisition and maintenance costs, generating a lack of knowledge about the spatial
distribution of air pollutants in the city of Lisbon.
ExpoLIS aims to develop an air quality exposure sensing system, and to deploy
it on public transportation (buses) to obtain the real-time air pollution
distribution in urban areas, generating massive air pollution data sets and to
provide a health-optimal routing service to the population.
Problem 2: There is a Lack of knowledge about the spatial distribution of air pollutants in cities.
The sensor nodes are being deployed on top of buses
belonging to CARRIS.
18 sensor nodes• GPS
• Pollutants monitoring
sensors (CO, NO2
and PM)
• Temperature and relative humidity
sensors
ExpoLIS will develop an Android App for public sharing of the air quality results in the city of
Lisbon and will create a health-optimal routing service provided to Lisbon citizens.
Prospective Work
What?
• LIFE Index-Air tool implementation;
• Characterization of air quality in the city of Lisbon;
• Assessment of exposure in different commuting modes;
• Assessment of how the new mobility technologies are and will affect air quality.
How?
• Techniques for sampling and chemical analysis of air pollutants;
• Modelling tools;
• Interaction with Stakeholders.
Explosive nucleation of a superheated oil droplet (van Limbeek, DOI: 10.1063/1.4820014).
Superheated droplet detectorsproduced at C2TN.
Introduction
Alpha particle detectionusing superheated droplets
SIMPLE: Superheated Instrumentfor Massive Particle Search
19
ADONICS: Alpha Detection onIntegrated Circuits
Highlight #1Patent submission
“A composition to detect alphaemitters in liquids by spectroscopy, and a method towards thecomposition implementation andmeasurement of the emittedenergies”
“...applicable to aquous solutions, biological fluids and efluents fromnuclear technology, in the contextof radiological protection, environmental monitoring andradiological emergency.”
Submitted to the Natl. Inst. Intelectual Property (INPI).
(colaboration with TT/INP of IST)
Highlight #2Monosize droplets production
21
1. Motivation
Improve the energy resolutionof the alpha spectrometer.
2. Challenge
Current methods: continuoussize distributions (10-100 mm) or large droplet sizes (>100 mm).
3. Approach
Microfluidic instrumentation.
Tested with convent-ional emulsions.
Mono-size droplet generator.
Spectrum of a Thorium liquid sample.
Emulsion obtained by the shearing of superheatedC2ClF5 in a viscous gel (dia. 10-100 mm).
Highlight #2Monosize droplets production
Oil-in-water emulsion, obtained with themicrofluidic device (dia. 30 mm).
Highlight #3Droplet growth modelling
1. Motivation
Understand the physicsunderlying alpha-neutrondiscrimination.
2. Challenge
Existing models, based oninertial or diffusion growth, failto reproduce the generallyobserved processes.
3. Approach
Dynamic model yielding a simple formulation.
Describes the growth as a function of time and thegeneral shape of the pressuresignal.
0
5
10
15
20
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4
time (msec)
y = m1 + m2*(1 - exp(-m3*x))
ErrorValue
0,35782-1,0619m1
0,3373319,493m2
0,0967642,5173m3
NA10,429Chisq
NA0,99485R
Water drop into hot oil without explosion
)1(,
t
mb eRR
l
v
lplD
p
Tc22
22
,
3
3
2
Models of a non-explosive (up) and an explosive(down) nucleation of superheated water in oil.
Highlight #4New underground facility
1. Motivations
Conduction of experiments at lowradiation background.
Access forbidden to the facilityusually employed in France (construction works).
2. Requirements
As deep as possible.
Structural materials low in U andTh contaminants.
Good accessibility and conditions.
3. Solution
Rocksalt mine in Campina de Cima, Loulé, Portugal (explored by Bondalti).