ùNuû] UôYhPm - · PDF file3 Rªr ØRp Rôs 1234536 7859...

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Ts°d Lp®j Õû\ùNuû] UôYhPm

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ùUpXl T«ÛmUôQYoLÞdLô] ùRôÏl×

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RªrØRp Rôs



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nra;As; - rpWtpdh - njhFg;G1. flTs; tho;j;jhf mike;j ghly; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s E}Yk; fsKk; ahit?

flTs; tho;j;jhf mike;j ghly;; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s E}y;: fk;guhkhzk; MFk;.fsk; : Aj;j fhz;lk; MFk;

2. fk;ghpd; ngUikiar; Rl;Lk; njhlh;fisf; $Wf.ftpr;rf;futh;j;jp ‘fy;tpapy; nghpatd;” ’fk;gd; fk;gd; tPl;Lf; fl;Lj;jwpAk; ftpghLk;” tpUj;jnkd;Dk; xz;ghtpy;

cah; fk;gd; vd;gd fk;ghpd; ngUikiar; Rl;Lk; njhlh;fs; MFk;.

3. fk;gh; ,aw;wpa NtW E}y;fs; ahit?rlNfhgue;jhjp> VnuOgJ> rpiynaOgJ> jpUf;if tof;fk;> ruRtjp me;jhjp vd;gd fk;gh; ,aw;wpa NtW

E}y;fshFk;.

4. jkpourp FwtQ;rpapy; ghl;Lilj; jiytDk; jiytpAk; ahth;?jkpourp FwtQ;rpapd; ghl;Lilj; jiytd; Rthkpkiyapy; Nfhtpy; nfhz;Ls;s KUfg;ngUkhd; Mthh;.

ghl;Lilj; jiytp jkpod;idahfpa jkpourp Mthh;.

5. jkpourp FwtQ;rp ahh; Ntz;LNfhSf;F ,zq;f ,aw;wg; ngw;wJ?jkpourp FwtQ;rp jkpoNts; ckhkNfRtudhhpd; Ntz;LNfhSf;F ,zq;f ,aw;wg;ngw;wJ.

6. ehk; thbajw;Ff; fhuzk; vd;d?,e;jpauhfpa ehk; thbajw;Ff; fhuzk; ek;Kila tho;T kyu te;jtUk; NghdtUk; cjtkhl;lhh;fs; vd;W ek;gpf;

nfhz;L ,Ue;jNj MFk;.

7. jkpourp FwtQ;rpapd; muq;Nfw;wk; gw;wpf; $Wf.GytNuW m. tuj eQ;irag; gps;is mth;fs; jhk; ,aw;wpa ‘jkpourp FwtQ;rp” vd;Dk; E}iyf; fue;ijj; jkpo;r;

rq;fj;jpd; nts;sp tpohtpd; NghJ> Qhdpahh; mbfs; jiyikapy; muq;Nfw;wpdhh;.

8. ehkf;fy; ftpQiu ‘khepy muRk;’, ‘eLtzuRk;’ vt;thW ngUikg;gLj;jpd?ehkf;fy; ftpQiu ‘khepy muR’ ‘muritf; ftpQh;’ Mf;fpAk; gpd;dh; jkpofr; rl;l Nkyit cWg;gpduhfTk;

epakpj;Jr; rpwg;gpj;jJ eLtzuR> mtUf;Fg; gj;kG+\z; tpUjspj;Jg; ngUikg;gLj;jpaJ.

9. ehkf;fy; ftpQh; rpiw nry;yf; fhuzk; vd;d?tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;l tPuuhd ehkf;fy; ftpQh;> cg;Gr; rj;jpahf;fpufj;jpy; gq;F ngw;wf; fhuzj;jhy; rpiwj; jz;lid

mile;jhh;.

10. ehNlWk; vjidg; ghLjy; Ntz;Lk;?,e;jpah; xt;nthUtUk; ehs;NjhWk; ‘,‡J ,e;jpa ehL’ ‘,‡J vdf;Nf chpikahd ehlhFk’; vd;W Nghw;wpg;

ghLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

11. ehk; J}q;fpf; fple;jjhy; epfo;e;jJ vd;d?,e;jpauhfpa ehk; J}q;fpf; fple;jjhy;> ,e;jpa ehl;Lf;F chpik ,y;yhj me;epah; te;J ek;ik mbikg;gLj;jp Ms

Neh;e;jJ.

12. ,j;jpdk; Kjy; ehk; vt;ntz;zj;ijf; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;?,j;jpdk; Kjy; ,e;jpah; xt;nthUtUk; ‘,e;jpa ehL vdf;F chpikahd ehL’ vd;Dk; vz;zj;ijf; nfhs;sy;

Ntz;Lk;.

13. vl;Lj; njhif E}y;fs; ahit?mfg;nghUs; E}y;fs; Gwg;nghUs; E}y;fs; mfk; Gwk;

1. ew;wpiz2. FWe;njhif 6. gjpw;Wg;gj;J 8. ghpghly;3. Iq;FE}W 7. GwehD}W4. fypj;njhif5. mfehD}W

14. GwehD}w;why; mwpag;gLk; nra;jpfs; ahit?KbAil %Nte;jh;fs;> rpw;wurh;fs;> mikr;rh;fs;> Nridj; jiyth;fs;> tPuh;fs;> filnaO ts;sy;fs; filr;rq;fg;

Gyth;fs; vd gyUila tuyhw;Wf; Fwpg;GfisAk; mf;fhy kf;fspd; tho;f;if Kiw Kjypatw;iwAk; GwehD}w;why;ed;F mwpayhk;.



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15. nghJtpay; jpizia tpsf;Ff.ntl;rp Kjy; ghlhz; ,Wjpahfj; njhy;fhg;gpadhh; $Wk; Gwj; jpizfSs; $wg;glhj nra;jpfisAk;>

mj;jpizfSf;Fg; nghJthd nra;jpfisAk; $WtJ nghJtpay; jpizahFk;.

16. nghUz;nkhopf; fhQ;rp vd;Dk; Jiwia tpsf;Ff.KdptUk; mtiug; Nghd;wtUk; ,k;ik kWikfspy; capUf;F cWjpiaj; jUtJ ,d;dJ vd;W jhk; njsptha;

mwpe;j nghUisr; nrhy;tJ ‘nghUz; nkhopf;fhQ;rp’ vd;Dk; JiwahFk;.

17. ntsthypd; Njhw;wj;ijf; $Wf.<uk; nghUe;jpa Njhiy vz;nzapNy Njha;j;jJ Nghy fUikahd rpwFfisf; nfhz;lJ> ntsthy;.

18. mfehD}W vj;jid gFjpfshf cs;sJ? vOJf.mfehD}W %d;W gFjpfshf cs;sJ.thpir vz; gphpTfs; ghly;fspd; vz;zpf;if1. fspw;wpahid epiu 120 ghly;fs;2. kzpkpil gtsk; 180 ghly;fs;3. epj;jpyf; Nfhit 100 ghly;fs;

nkhj;jk; 400 ghly;fs;

19. mfehD}w;Wg; ghly;fspd; jpiz mikg;G Kiwia tpsf;Ff.thpir vz; vz; mikg;G jpiz mikg;G Kiw1. 1> 3> 5 vd tUgit ghiyj;jpizg; ghly;fs;2. 2> 8 vd tUgit FwpQ;rpj;jpizg; ghly;fs;3. 4>14 vd tUgit Ky;iyj;jpiz ghly;fs;4. 6> 16 vd tUgit kUjj; jpizg; ghly;fs;5. 10>20 vd tUgit nea;jy; jpizg; ghly;fs;

20. ,ul;ilf; fhg;gpaq;fs; ahit?rpyg;gjpfhuKk; kzpNkfiyAk; ,ul;ilf;fhg;gpaq;fs; MFk;.

21. rpyg;gjpfhuk; -ngah;fhuzk; jUf.‘rpyg;gjpfhuk’; - rpyk;G + mjpfhuk; fz;zfpapd; fhw;rpyk;G fhuzkhf tsh;e;j fijahjyhy; ‘rpyg;gjpfhuk;’

vd;W ngah; #l;lg;gl;lJ.

22. rpyg;gjpfhuk; - E}y; mikg;ig vOJf.rpyg;gjpfhuk; %d;W fhz;lq;fisAk; Kg;gJ fhijfisAk; nfhz;L tpsq;FfpwJ.

t. vz; fhz;lk; fhijfs;1. Gfhh; fhz;lk; 10 fhijfs;2. kJiuf; fhz;lk; 13 fhijfs;3. tQ;rpf; fhz;lk; 07 fhijfs;

rpyg;gjpfhuk; 40 fhijfs;

23. kzkfspd; $e;jiyg; Nghy kze;jJ vJ?kzkfspd; $e;jiyg; Nghy kze;jJ ‘Ky;iy kyh;fNs’ MFk;. Ky;iy kyh;fs; nfhbapd;Nky; nkhl;L tphpe;J >

xsp nghUe;jp> kzkfspd; $e;jiyg; Nghy kzk; tPrpf; nfhz;bUe;jd.

24. rpyg;gjpfhuk; $Wk; %d;W cz;ikfs; ahit?1. murpay; gpioj;Njhh;f;F mwk; $w;whFk;.2. ciurhy; gj;jpdpia cah;e;Njhh; Vj;Jth;3. Co;tpid cUj;J te;J Cl;Lk; vd;gd rpyk;G czh;j;Jk; %d;W cz;ikfs;MFk;.

25. rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpw;F ciunaOjpa ngUkf;fs; ahth;?1. mUk;gj ciufhuh; - E}y; KOikf;Fk;mUk;gjq;fSf;F kl;Lk; ciu vOjpath;2. mbahh;f;F ey;yhh; - tpsf;fkhf ciu vOjpath; 3. e.K. Ntq;flrhkp ehl;lhh; - E}y; KOikf;Fk; ciu vOjpath;

26. Re;jufhz;lk; vd;W ngah; tuf; fhuzk; ahJ?mDkDf;Fr; Re;jud; vd;Dk; ngaUk; cz;L. mDkdpd; jiyik gz;Gfs; tPW ngw;W tpsq;Ftjhy; ,f;fhz;lk;

Re;jufhz;lk; vd ngah; ngw;wJ.

27. mDkd; ,uhkid va;jpaJk; nra;j nray; ahH?mDkd; ,uhkid va;jpaJk; mtDila tPuf;foy; mzpe;j jpUtbfis tzq;ftpy;iy. G+kpapy; gpwe;j



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jpUkfshfpa rPjhNjtp ,Ue;j jpiria Nehf;fpj; jiy jho;j;jp> if$g;gp> jiuapy; tpOe;J> gzpthfg; Nghw;wptzq;fpdhd;.

28. ,uhkd; Fwpg;ghy; czh;e;jit ahit?rPij eyKld; ,Uf;fpwhs;. mDkd; rPijiaf; fz;lJ cz;ik rPij> fw;G epiy jtwhJ ,Uf;fpwhs; vd;gd

mDkdpd; Kff; Fwpg;ghy; ,uhkd; czh;e;jit MFk;.

29. ‘fz;lndd;’ vd;W mDkd; $wpait ahit?Njtu;fSf;Fj; jiytNu! ahd; ,yq;if vd;Dk; efhpy;> fw;gpDf;F mzpfykha; tpsq;Ffpd;w rPjhg; gpuhl;bia

vd; fz;fshy; fz;L te;Njd;. Mjyhy;> ‘mtuJ fw;gpidg; gw;wpa Iaj;ijAk; Jauj;ijAk; ePf;FtPuhf’ vd;W mDkd;,uhkgpuhdplk; $wpdhd;.

30. ‘caph; je;J <Ak; kUe;njhj;jJ’ vd;W mDkd; Fwpg;gpl;ljd; nghUs; ahJ?,uhkidg; gphpe;j JahpdhYk; ,uhtzdJ nfhLikahYk; ‘,dp xUNghJk; ,uhkidf; fhzNt KbahJ’ vd;W

vz;zpa rPij jd; capiutplj; Jzpe;jhs;. me;j epiyapy; mDkd; je;j ,uhkdpd; fizahop> rPijf;F ,Wjpf;fhyj;jpy; caph;fhf;Fk; rQ;rPtp kUe;J Nghd;W tpsq;fpaJ. vdNt> ‘caph;je;J <Ak; kUe;njhj;jJ’ vd;W Fwpg;gpl;lhd;.

31. Mj;jhf; fpotp ahh;?Mj;jhf; fpotp vd;gts; 1. murp fz;Zf;fpdpahspd; Njhop> 2. jpUl;Lj; njhopy; nra;Ak; tPug;gdpd; kidtp

3. Ntyidg; ngw;wjha;> 4. murd; kfs; md;dj;jpd; nrtpypj; jha; Mths;.

32. fjph;ehl;L murd; murpahh; ngah;fis vOJf.fjph; ehl;L murd; ngah; - fjpiu Ntyd; . fjph; ehl;Lmuprp ngah; - fz;Zf;fpdpahs;

33. jkpof muR ghujpjhridg; Nghw;wpAs;sik ahq;qdk;?jkpof muR ghujpjhridg; Nghw;Wk; tifapy;> 1. jpUr;rpapy; ghujpjhrd; ngauhy; gy;fiyf; fofk; xd;iw

epWtpAs;sJ. 2. mth; jk; ftpij> ciu eil E}y;fis ehl;L cilikahf;fpr; rpwg;gpj;Js;sJ.

34. md;dk; Ntyidg; gw;wp tpdhtpaJ ahJ?md;dk; Mj;jhf;fpotpaplk;> Ntyidr; Rl;bf; fhl;b ‘,th; ahh;?’ vd;W Nfl;lhs;. Mj;jhf; fpotp ‘vd; kfd;’

vd;W nrhd;dhs;. gpwF mts;> ‘Nto ehl;lhh; vd;idr; rpiwg;gpbf;f tUk; NghJ mtu;fisj; jLj;J vd; capiuAk;khdj;ijAk; fhj;jth; ,th; jhNkh?” vd;W Nfl;lhs;.

35. Njk;ghtzp - nghUs; $Wf.Njk;ghtzp - Njk;;gh + mzp ‘thlhj khiy’ vd;Wk; Njd; + gh +mzp - Njd; Nghd;w ghf;fis mzpahf

cilaJ vd;Wk; nghUs; gLk;.

36. fpwpj;Jt rkaj;jhhpd; fiyf; fsQ;rpak; vd;W Nghw;wg; ngWk; E}y; vJ?fpwj;Jt rkaj;jhupd; fiyf;fsQ;rpak; vd;W Nghw;wg;ngWk; E}y; Njk;ghtzp MFk;.

37. Njk;ghtzp vj;jid fhz;lq;fis cilaJ?Njk;ghtzp %d;W fhz;lq;fis cilaJ

38. Njk;ghtzp E}ypd; ghl;Lilj; jiyth; ahh;?Njk;ghtzp E}ypd; ghl ;Lilj; jiyth;> ,NaR ngUkhdpd; tsh;g ;Gj ; je ;ijahfpa

‘#ir khKdpth;> Mthh;.

39. tPukhKdpth; ,aw;ngah; ahJ?tPukhKdpthpd; ,aw;ngah; ‘nfhd;];lhd; N[hrg; ng];fp’ MFk;.

40. tsd; vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUis tpsf;Ff.tsd; vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUs; ‘tsq;fis tsur; nra;gtd;’ ; vd;gjhFk;.

41. ANjah ehl;by; gifnfhz;L epd;w ,dj;jhh; ahth;?A+Njah ehl;by; gif nfhz;L epd;w ,dj;jhh;> kiy ehLfspy; tho;e;j ‘gpypj;ijah;’ Mth.;

42. ‘cyh’ vd;gjd; nghUis tpsf;Ff.cyh vd;gjw;Fg; ‘gtdp tuy;’ ; vd;gJ nghUs; MFk;.

43. Kf;$lypy; $Lk; MWfs; ahit?Kf;$lypy; $Lk; MWfs; 1. jz;nghUieahW 2. rpw;whW 3. Nfhjz;l uhk MW MfpadthFk;.

44. fyk;gfk; -ngah;f;fhuzk; jUf.fyk;gfk;- fyk;+ gfk; fyk; - gd;dpuz;L (12) gfk; - mjpy; ghjp MW (6) gjpndl;L cWg;Gfs; mikag;



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ghlg;gLtjhy; ‘fyk;gfk;’ vdg; ngah; ngw;wJ.

45. Njthu %th; ahth;?1. mg;gh; 2. Re;juh; 3. rk;ge;jh; MfpNahh; Njthu %th; Mth;.

46. Re;juh; Njthuk; ve;j jpUKiwapy; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ?Re;juh; Njthuk;> gd;dpU jpUKiwapy; ‘Vohk;’ jpUKiwahf itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

47. Re;juu; vOjpa kw;nwhU E}y; vJ?Re;juh; vOjpa kw;nwhU E}y; ‘jpUj;njhz;lj; njhif’ vd;gjhFk;.

48. ePyNfrpapd; NtW ngah; ahJ?‘ePyNfrpj;jpul;L’ vd;gjhFk;.

49. fpwpj;Jtf; fk;gh; vd;W miof;fg;gLgth; ahh;? vr;. V. fpU\;zg;gps;is Mthh;.

50. Re;juh; ‘jk;gpuhd; Njhoh;’ vd;W miof;fg;glf; fhuzk; ahJ?rptngUkhd; Re;juiu jk; Njhouha;f; nfhz;lhh;. mjdhy; Re;juh; ‘jk;gpuhd; Njhoh’; vd;W miof;fg;gl;lhh;.

xU kjpg;ngz; njhFg;G

1. fk;gh; fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j Gyth;fSs; xUth; xl;lf; $j;jh;.2. ‘xd;Nw nad;dpd’; vd;Dk; flTs;tho;j;Jg; ghly; mike;Js;s fhz;lk; Aj;j fhz;lk;.3. jkpourpf; FwtQ;rpapd; ghl;Lilj; jiytd; KUfd;.4. Gwk;> Gwg;ghl;L vd toq;fg; ngWtJ GwehD}W MFk;.5. GwehD}w;wpd; jpizfs; gjpndhd;W.6. GwehD}w;wpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s Jiwfs; 65 (mWgj;ije;J)7. jkpohpd; tho;tpay; rpe;jidfisf; fUt+ykhff; nfhz;L tpsq;Fk; E}y; GwehD}W.8. rq;f E}y;fs; goe;jkpo; ,yf;fzk; Mfpa njhy;fhg;gpaj;Jf;F ,yf;fpaq;fsha;j; jpfo;fpd;wd.9. GwehD}w;Wg; flTs; tho;j;Jg; ghliyg; ghujk; ghba ngUe;Njtdhh; ghbAs;shh;.10. GwehD}w;Wg; ghly;fs; rpytw;iw ntsp ehl;lwpQh; [p.A. Nghg; mth;fs; Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhop ngah;j;Js;shh;.11. vl;Lj; njhif E}y;fSs;xd;W ghpghly;.12. mfehD}W kzpkpil gtsj;jpy; cs;s ghly;fspd; vz;zpf;if 180.13. mfehD}w;Wg; ghf;fspd; mbtiuaiw13 mbKjy; 31 mbtiu14. ew;wpiziaj; njhFg;gpj;jtd; gd;dhL je;j ghz;bad; khw tOjp.15. ew;wpizg; ghf;fspd; mbtiuaiw 9 mbKjy;12mbtiu.16. fgpyh; ghz;ba ehl;bYs;s jpUthjT+upy; gpwe;jhh;.17. fgpyh; ghhp kd;ddpd; mitfsg; Gytuhf tpsq;fpdhh;.18. fgpyhpd; ghl;Lj; jpwDf;F fgpyuJ ghl;L vd;Dk; njhlNu rhd;whFk;.19. fgpyh; FwpQ;rpj; jpizg; ghly;fs; ghLtjpy; ty;yth;.20. fgpyiu ‘tha;nkhopf; fgpyh;’ vd;W Nghw;wpath; ef;fPuh; Mthh;.21. FWe;njhiff;Ff; flTs; tho;j;Jg; ghbath; ngUe;Njtdhh;.22. Iq;FW E}w;iwj; njhFj;jth; Gyj;Jiw Kw;wpa $lY}h; fpohh;.23. Iq;FW E}w;iwj; njhFg;gpj;jth; Nrukd;dd; ahidf; fl;Nra; khe;juQ; NruypUk; nghiw Mthh;.24. Fwl;gh vd;gJ <ub ntz;gh.25. mwj;Jg;ghypy; cs;s mjpfhuq;fs; 38.26. jpUf;Fwspy; mike;Js;s ,ay;fs; 9 .27. nghUl;ghypd; ,ay;fs; murpay;> mq;ftpay;> xopgpay;.28. jpUf;Fwspd; ngUikia czh;j;JtJ jpUts;Stkhiy.29. nfhz;lhlg;ngWk; jpUts;Stuhz;bd; gb mth; tho;e;j fhyk; fp.K. 3130. ‘ts;Stidg; ngw;wjhw; ngw;wNj Gfo; itafNk’ vdg; ghbath; ghujpjhrd;31. rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpYs;s fhz;lq;fs; %d;W .32. rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpd; cl;gphpT fhij .33. thp vd;gJ ,irg;ghly;.34. rpyg;gjpfhu ciuahrphpaUs; xUth; mUk;gjTiufhuh;.35. rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpw;F toq;Fk; rpwg;Gg; ngah;fspy; xd;W ciuapilapl;l.36. jhk; ,aw;wpa ,uhk fhijf;Ff; fk;gh; ,l;l ngah; ,uhkhtjhuk;37. fk;gehlfj;jpd; ahg;G tz;zq;fSf;Ff; $wg;gLk; fzf;fPL njhz;Z}w;whW.38. fk;guhkhzaj;jpYs;s fhz;lq;fs; 6 .



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39. cj;ju fhz;lj;ijg; ghbath; xl;lf; $j;jh; .40. Re;jud; vd;Dk; ngauhy; ,uhkhazj;jpy; toq;fg;gLgth; mDkd; .41. rpwpa jpUtb vd;wiof;fg;gLgth; mDkd;.42. jdia vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUs; kfs;.43. ,uhkd; nfhLj;jjhf rPijaplk; mDkd; fhl;baJ fizahop.44. rPjhg;gpuhl;b jd;id kPl;Lr; nry;y tpjpj;j fhyk; xU jpq;fs;.45. Re;jufhz;lk; ,uhkhazj;jpy; Ie;jhq; fhz;lk; MFk; .46. tPukhKdpthpd; jha;ehL ,j;jhyp .47. nfhd;];lhd; vd;DQ; nrhy;Yf;Fg; nghUs; mQ;rhjtd; .48. njhFj;j mfuhjp rJufuhjp.49. jpUf;Fwspd; mwj;Jg;ghy;> nghUl;ghy; Mfpatw;iw tPukhKdptu; nkhop ngah;j;Jj; je;jJ ,yj;jPd; nkhopapy;50. Njk;ghtzp E}ypd; ghl;Lilj; jiyth; #ir khKdpth;51. ftpr;rf;uth;j;jp> ftp uhl;rfd; vd;nwy;yhk; Gfog;gLgth; xl;lf;$j;jh;52. ‘jpt;tpaftp’ vd;w ngauhy; miof;fg;gLgth; gps;isg; ngUkhs; Iaq;fhh;.53. jkpopy; Kjypy; Njhd;wpa fyk;gfk; ee;jpf; fyk;gfk;.54. gjpndl;L cWg;Gfshy; ghlg;gLk; rpw;wpyf;fpak; fyk;gfk;.55. ‘Gyd;’ vd;Dk; ,yf;fpatif gs;S.56. ‘gpuge;jk;’> vd;Dk; tlnrhy; czh;j;Jk; nghUs; ed;F fl;lg;gl;lJ.57. Kf;$lw;gs;S gh tif rpe;Jg;gh.58. ghujpjhrdpd; ,aw;ngah; fdf Rg;Guj;jpdk; .59. rhfpj;jpa mfhnjkpg; ghpR ngw;w E}y; gprpuhe;ijahh;.60. ghujpjhrd; ntspapl;l ,jo; Fapy;.61. ‘tho;tpdpw; nrk;ikiar; nra;git ePNa’ vd;w tho;j;ijj; jk; tho;j;jhf Vw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;s muR GJit muR.62. tlnkhopapy; ghujk; ghbath; tpahrh;.63. ghQ;rhyp rgjj;jpYs;s rUf;fq;fspd; vz;zpf;if 5 (Ie;J).64. ‘ekf;F njhopy; ftpij> ehl;bw;F cioj;jy;’ vd;W ghbath; ghujpahh;.65. ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;bd; ,yf;fpa kWkyh;r;rpf;F tpj;jpl;lth; ghujpahh;.66. nre;jkpioj; nrOe;jkpohff; fhz tpUk;gpath; ghujpjhrd;.67. gpnuQ;Rf; FbauRj; jiythplk; nrthypa tpUJ ngw;wth; thzpjhrd;.68. ftpQNuW> ghtyh; kzp Kjypa gl;lq;fisg; ngw;wth; thzpjhrd;.69. Rujh E}y;fSs; jkpo; tsh;r;rpj; Jiwapd; ghprpidg; ngw;w E}y; Njd; kio.70. jkpo;g; gy;fiyf; fofj;jpd; jkpo; md;id tpUJ ngw;wth; mg;Jy; uFkhd;.71. ‘ctikf; ftpQh;’ vdg; ghuhl;lg; ngw;wth; Rujh.72. ‘fpwpj;Jtf; fk;gh;’ vd;W miof;fg;gl;lth; vr;.V. fpU\;zg;gps;is.73. ‘rpd;dr; rPwh’ vd;w E}iy vOjpath; gD mfkJ kiuf;fhah;.74. Re;juh; Njthuk; Vohk; jpUKiw.75. jpt;tpag; gpuge;jj;jpw;F ciu toq;fpath; nghpathr;rhd; gps;is.76. mwj;Jg;ghypd; ,ay;fs; ghaputpay;> ,y;ywtpay;> Jwtwtpay;> Copay;.77. fhkj;Jg;ghy; fstpay;> fw;gpay;> 25.78. mfehD}w;Wf;F toq;Fk; NtW ngah; neLe;njhif (ngUe;njhif).79. NjdpNy Cwpa nre;jkpopd; - Rit NjWk; rpyg;gjpfhuk; vd;W ghuhl;bath; ftpkzp Njrpf tpehafk; gps;is.80. ef;fz;izahh; kze;J nfhs;s tpUk;gpa murh; Nghuitf; Nfhg;ngUq;fps;sp.

nghUj;Jf & nkhopg;gapw;rp1 . ftpQh; Ch;

1. fk;gh; - jpUtOe;J}h;2. tuj eQ;irag;gps;is - Njhukq;fyk;3. nt.,uhkypq;fdhh; - NkhfD}h;

2 . Mrphpah; E}y;1. fk;gh; - ,uhkhazk;2. tujeQ;ira gps;is - jkpourp FwtQ;rp3. ,uhkypq;fdhh; - ehkf;fy; ftpQh; ghly;fs;



10

3 . nrhy; ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G1. mbtho;j;Jtk; - ,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wikj; njhif2. jpUe;J nkhop - tpidj; njhif3. thopa thopa - mLf;Fj; njhlh;4. tho;j;Jtk; - jd;ikg; gd;ik tpidKw;W

4 . jpiz epyk;1. FwpQ;rp - kiyAk; kiyr; rhh;e;j ,lKk;2. Ky;iy - fhLk; fhL rhh;e;j ,lKk;3. kUjk; - taYk; tay; rhh;e;j ,lKk;4. nea;jy; - flYk; fly; rhh;e;j ,lKk;5. ghiy - RuKk; RuQ; rhh;e;j ,lKk;

5 . jpiz ghbNahh;1. FwpQ;rp - fgpyh;2. Ky;iy - Ngadhh;3. kUjk; - Xuk; Nghfpahh;4. nea;jy; - mk;%tdhh;5. ghiy - Xjyhe;ijahh;

6 . nrhy; ,yf;fzf;Fwpg;G1. Ks;spiy - ,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wik cUGk;gaDk; cld;njhf;f njhif2. xOFePh; - tpidj;njhif3. ed;khd; - gz;Gj; njhif4. mQ;rpNyhjpia tu - md;nkhopj; njhif

7 . nrhy; nghUs;1. jpiz - kpfr;rpwpa msT2. gid - xU NgusT3. rhy;G - epiw gz;G4. Jg;G - gw;Wf;NfhLfs;1. klthh; - mwptpypfs;2. Xuhy; - ePf;Fjy;3. nghd;Wk; - mopAk;4. tpUe;J - Gjpajha; te;jth;1. nrWthh; - gifth;2. xl;gk; - mwpTilik3. ca;g;gJ - nrYj;JtJ4. Ngijik - mwpT ,d;ik1. xy;fhik - jsuhik2. tpOkk; - Jd;gk;3. jpz;zpah; - typah;4. tPW - rpwg;G

8 . Gyth; ,aw;wpaE}y;1. ,sq;Nfhtbfs; - rpyg;gjpfhuk;2. jpUj;jf;f Njth; - rPtf rpe;jhkzp3. ehjFj;jdhh; - Fz;lyNfrp4. rPj;jiyr; rhj;jdhu; - kzpNkfiy

9 . E}y; Mrphpah;1. ,uhruhrNrhoDyh - xl;lf;$j;jh;2. jpUNtq;lj;je;jhjp - gps;isg; ngUkhs; Iaq;fhh;3. kJiuf;fyk;gfk; - FkuFUgh;4. Kf;$lw;gs;S - Mrphpah; ngah; njhpatpy;iy1. Fapy;ghl;L - ghujpahh;2. mofpd; rphpg;G - ghujpjhrd;3. JiwKfk; - Rujh4. ghy;tPjp - mg;Jy; uFkhd;



11

10. ghly; ftpQh;1. Gj;jfrhiy - ghujpjhrd;2. jPf;Fr;rpfs; - mg;Jy; uFkhd;3. rpf;fdk; - Rujh4. fhL - thzpjhrd;

11 . nrhy; nghUs;1. Rtb - E}y;2. nta;Nahd; - fjputd;3. nrl;L - rpf;fdk;4. rpe;ij - cs;sk;1. Njthuk; - Re;juu;2. rPwhg;Guhzk; - ckWg;Gyth;3. ,ul;rzpa ahj;jphpfk; - fpU\;zg;gps;is

13. E}y; rkak;1. kzpNkfiy - ngsj;jk;2. ePyNfrp - rkzk;3. ,ul;rzpa ahj;jphpfk; - fpwpj;jtk;4. rPwhg;Guhzk; - ,Ryhk;

ty;ypd nka;fis ePf;fp vOJ.1. khjtpg; vd;wg; Gyth; kzpNkfiyj; JwT vd;Nwg;2. Ngijah;r; gj;j;h;r; vd;whh;f; vd;Wr; rQ;rPtpgh;tj;r; rhuy;3. ghQ;rhypf; fz;zhf; vd;Wf;4. tho;fj; jkpo; mtdhr; mwpe;Jr;5. ePNuhr; vJf; cz;Lr; nry;Ntd;6. tsh;g;gpiw RLr;NrhW fha;f;fwp7. NrhWf; nfhjpf;fpwJ Nghj;jk;gp nrd;Wg; ghh;j;jhd;8. vd;NdhLg; Nghe;j9. tpbf;fhiy10. ntz;zpyhf; fyfyntd;Wr;11. FGf;FG ntd;Wg;12. Jwtpf;FbYf;Fs; te;jr; rpWth; ,uz;Lg;Ngh;1. nry;tr; rpWkPh;fhs; ePuhlg;2. nte;jar; nrbfspd; jq;fg; G+f;fs;3. nfhj;jpj; jphpAk; me;jf; Nfhop4. fpl;lg; Nghdhy; Kl;lg; gif5. rhiug; ghk;G FUtpf;> $l;by;6. nrg;Gj; jpUNkdpfs; nra;jspg;gijj; jk; flik vdf; fUjpdh;.7. rPj;jiyr;> rhj;jd;8. Ntl;Ltg; ngz;fs; tpisahlg;9. elj;jhg;> ghlk; ve;jf;> Nfs;tpAk;10. gapyhg; gFjp vOjj; njhpa11. vOjpg; gof> vdf;Fr; nrhd;dhh;12. me;jr; rpWtd; ve;jg; gs;spapy; gbj;Jr; rpwe;jhd;.13. Xlf; fhz;gJ -xLq;ff; fhz;gJ

gz;Gj;njhif(‘ik’ vd;Dk; gz;G tpFjpAk; ‘Mfpa’ ‘Md’ vd;Dk; gz;G cUGfSk; kiwe;J tUk;)$h;k;gil MUaph;mUe;Jah; ey;YiuneLe;Njh; NghpQ;rpKJkuk; NguwpTgRq;fhy fLe;jpwy;gr;#d; ngUq;fspWige;epzk; ngUq;fspWntQ;rpdk; ntQ;Rlh;



12

jz;Fil NghpbfUKfpy; NrtbfLk;gif ngUe;jtk;neLe;jif nre;jkpo;fUq;fhf;if ntz;japh;nrq;Nfhy; nre;ney;

nrOk;nghd;

tpidj;njhif (fhyk; fue;j nganur;rk;)jpUe;Jnkhop <h;tisjpiufTs; Kjph; kuk;cah;rpid cah; kuk;xOFePh; nghq;FjhkiuGidfyk; epiwkjpmiyfly; mfy; Kfpy;glh; Kfpy; tphpefh;Rlh; xsp cah; vz;zk;fspelk; nra;Fd;Wjho;gpwg;G ciw Ntq;flk;

mLf;Fj; njhlh; (,uz;L> %d;W> ehd;F Kiw mLf;fp tUk; :gphpj;jhy; nghUs; jUk;)jpde;jpdk; ,dpjpdpJthopa thopa RikRikahh; ahh; Gil Giltpf;fp tpf;fp miwe;jiwe;JJiw Jiwaha;

chpr;nrhy; njhlh; / chpr;nrhw;nwhlh; (rhy> cW>jt> edp> $h;> fop> fb> jl>kh> it> tpO Mfpa nrhw;fs; Kjypy; tUk;)

fbkfs; iths;khQhyk; itNty;khkiy jle;Njhs;khkzp khkJiukhtyp khkjp

<Wnfl;l vjph;kiwg; nganur;rk;(‘M’ vd;w Xir ,Wjpapy; tUk;)

,d;dhr; nrhy;mopf;fyhfhvw;whfJtplhmtpah kjptpsf;Fjkpopypyhg; gpwnkhop E}y;

xU nghUl;gd;nkhopXq;fpAah;> nrhw;gjk; ty;tpiue;J

vz;Zk;ik (‘ck;’ vd;w nrhy; ntspg;gl;L tUk;. vz;zpf;iffs; Nghy; mikAk;)itafKk; thdfKk;kyh;jYk; $k;gYk;je;ijf;Fk; jha;f;Fk;NgNuhLk; GfNohLk;thapYk; khspifAk;fq;ifAk; rpe;JTk;

tpz;zpYk; kz;zpYk;khlKk; Mluq;Fk;



13

<rDk; NghjDk;

ctikj; njhif(,U nrhw;fSf;fpilNa Nghy> Nghd;w ctk cUG kiwe;J tUk;)

nghd;db> kyub> jhkiuf; fz;fs;

tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W(f> ,a> ,ah;> my; ,tw;iwf; nfhz;L KbAk;)

thopa> nra;f> vs;sy;kwtw;fJwtw;f vjph;kiw tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W

cUtfk; (nghUs; Kd;Dk; ctik gpd;Dk; tUk;)fz;zPh; nts;sk;> kjptpsf;F> grpf;fapW> ifk;kiy> nghw;fiu> jq;fj; jpkpq;fyk;> jq;fj;Njhzp

Nfhs; - Kjy; epiyj; jphpe;j njhopw;ngah;fhis - ctikahF ngah;mwd; filg;Nghyptho;j;Jtk; - jk;ikg; gd;ik tpidKw;W

nrhy;ypir msngil(‘ ,’ vd;w vOj;J ,Wjpapy; tUk; ) xhP ,> joP ,> nryP,a> jPnjhhP,

,d;dpir msngil(W}c> J} c -msngLf;Fk; jhq;FW}ck;> tsh;f;FW}ck;)

,irepiwmsngil (my;yJ)nra;Aspir msngil (‘ ,’ jtpu kw;w vOj;Jf;fs; msngLf;Fk;) g^ck;> flhmahid

Mwhk; Ntw;Wikj;njhif(6 Mk; Ntw;Wik cUG ‘mJ’ kiwe;J tUk;)Gy; Edp> fad;Ks;> kdj;jpl;gk;> iftak;> nka;tak;> khy;foy;> fspw;W kUg;G> jhgjh; cs;sk;

fd;dp ghyd; vd; kfd; ehd;fhk; Ntw;Wikj; njhifgfYiw ,w;gpwg;G Vohk; Ntw;Wikj; njhifgjj;Jiz Ie;jhk; Ntw;Wikj; njhif

tpidahyizAk; ngah;(njhopy; nra;j fUj;jhitf; Fwpf;Fk;) njhpthh;> $bdh;> te;jth;> Nfl;ldh;> mQ;rpdh;> Jwe;jhh;)

,Unganuhl;Lg; gz;Gj; njhififjyk;> md;Gnewp> nka;g;nghUs;jUjy; - njhopw;ngah;Kw;Wk;ik - ahUk;> vOgpwg;Gk;> ahiuAk;

gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk;1. thopa - tho; + ,a

tho; - gFjp> ,a- tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W tpFjp2. nra;f - nra; + f

nra; - gFjp> f - tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W tpFjp3. G+l;b - G+l;L + ,

G+l;L - gFjp> , - tpidnar;r tpFjp4. va;jp - va;J + ,5. Nghw;wp - Nghw;W+ ,6. Ve;jp - Ve;J + ,7. Nehf;fp - Nehf;F +,8. Njhd;wp - Njhd;W + ,9. Jwj;jp - Jwj;J + ,10. ,iwQ;rp - ,iwQ;R + ,

}



14

,iwQ;R - gFjp , - tpidnar;r gFjp11. fhzPh; - fhz; + <h;

fhz; - gFjp> <h; - Vty; gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp12. GfyPh; - Gfy;; + <h;

Gfy; - gFjp <h;- Vty; tpidKw;W tpFjp13. Xk;Gkpd; - Xk;G + kpd;

Xk;G - gFjp> kpd; - Vty; gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp> j;> l;> w;> ,d; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiyfs;fpW>fpd;W> M epd;W - epfo; fhy ,ilepiyfs; g;> t;> f; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiyfs;

14. mirj;j -mir +j;; +j;; + mmir - gFjp> j; - re;jp> j;- ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy m - nganur;rtpFjp

Kof;fp - Kof;f + , Kof;F - gFjp> , - tpidnar;r tpFjp15. cjtpa - cjT+ ,(d;) + a;+ m

cjT - gFjp> ,d; - ,we;j fhy,ilepiy> ‘d;’ nfl;lJ tpfhuk;> a; - clk;gL nka; re;jp>m - nganur;r tpFjp

16. Nehf;fpa - Nehf;F +,d;+ a;+ m17. Koq;fpa - Koq;F +,(d;) +a; + m18. RUq;fpa - RUq;F+ ,(d;) +a;+ m19. jpwe;J - jpw +j;(e;) +j; + c

jpw - gFjp> j;- re;jp ‘e;’ MdJ tpfhuk;> j; - ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy c- tpidnar;r tpFjp20. xopj;J - xop +j;(e;) +j;+ c21. jpwe;j - jpw+ j;(e;)+ j; + m

jpw - gFjp> j; - re;jp. e; MdJ tpfhuk; j;-,we;j fhy ,ilepiy m - nganur;r tpFjp22. kze;j - kz +j;(e;) +j;+ m23. ,oe;j - ,o +j;(e;) +j;+ m24. miwjy; - miw +jy;

miw- gFjp> jy; - njhopw;ngah; tpFjp25. tho;j;Jtk;+ tho;j;J+ t;+ mk;

tho;j;J - gFjp > t; - vjph; fhy ,ilepiy> mk; -jd;ikg; gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp26. Mw;wPh; - Mw;W+ M +<h;

Mw;W - gFjp> M - vjph;kiw ,ilepiy Gzh;e;J nfl;lJ> <h; - Kd;dpiyg; gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp27. nga;j - nga; + j; + m

nga; - gFjp> nra;j - nra; +j;+ m j;- ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy> m- nganur;r tpFjp28. jUFntd; - jh (jU)+ F+ t; +vd;

jh - gFjp> jU vdj; jphpe;jJ F - rhhpia> t; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiy>vd; -jd;ik xUik tpidKw;W tpFjp

29. <d;w - <d;+ w;+ m<d; - gFjp> w; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy> m - ngaur;r tpFjp

30. te;jdd; - th (t)+ j; (e;)+ j; +md; +md;th - gFjp> ‘t’ vdf; FWfpaJ tpfhuk; j; - re;jp ‘e;’MdJ tpfhuk; j; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy>md; - rhhpia> md; - Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp

31. J}w;Wk; - J}w;W +ck;J}w;W - gFjp> ck; -nganur;r tpFjp

32. NjLfpwha; -NjL + fpW +Ma;NjL - gFjp > fpd;W - epfo; fhy ,ilepiy Ma; - Kd;dpiy xUik tpidKw;W tpFjp

33. Gide;Njhk; - Gid+ j;(e;)+ j;+ Xk;Gid - gFjp > j; - re;jp> ‘e;’ MdJ tpfhuk; > j; - ,we;j fhy ,ilepiyXk; - jd;ikg; gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp

34. Nfl;l -Nfs;(l;) + l;+mNfs; - gFjp >‘s;’ ‘l;’MdJ tpfhuk; l; - ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy> m - nganur;r tpFjp

35. cw;w - cW (cw;W) +mcW - gFjp > cw;W vd xw;W ,ul;bj;J ,we;j fhyk; fhl;baJ m- nganur;r tpFjp

36. itg;gh; - it +g; +g; + mh;it - gFjp> g; - re;jp> g; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiy> mh; - gyh; ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp

37. tpLthh; - tpL + t; + Mh;tpL - gFjp> t; - vjph; fhy ,ilepiy> Mh; - gyh; ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp



15

38. fhz;gd; - fhz;+ g; + md;fhz; - gFjp > g; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiy> md; - Mz; ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp

39. nfhs;th; - nfhs;+ t;+ mh;nfhs; - gFjp> t; - vjph; fhy ,ilepiy mh; - gyh; ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp

40. ,uq;Ftpu; - ,uq;F +t; +,h;,uq;F - gFjp> t; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiy ,h; - Kd;dpiyg; gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp

41. ePq;fhik - ePq;F + M + ikePq;F - gFjp> M - vjph;kiw ,ilepiy> ik- njhopw;ngah; tpFjp

42. nra;jy; - nra; + jy;nra; - gFjp jy; - njhopw;ngah; tpFjp

gphpj;Jg; Gzh;r;rp tpjp vOJf:nrhy; ehndd;Wnrhy; gphpg;G ehd; + vd;W

epiynkhop tUnkhop

Gzh;r;rp tpjp:‘cly;Nky; caph; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng” vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb> epiynkhopapd; <w;W nka;Ak; (d;) tUnkhopapd; KjYk;(v) ( d; + v -nd)vdg; Gzh;e;J> ‘ehndd;W’ vd;whdJ.

1. khDio - khd; +cio (d;+ c - D)2. ahUkpy;iy - ahUk;+ ,y;iy (k;+ , -kp)3. ahndtd; - ahd; + vtd; (d; + v - nd)4. mwdy;y - mwd; +my;y ( d; +m -d)5. gfYiw - gfy; + ciw ( y;+ c-Y)6. capUz;L - caph;+ cz;L ( h;+ c - U)7. jkpopypyh - jkpopy; + ,yh ( y;+ , - yp)8. jkpod;id - jkpo; + md;id (o;+ m- o)9. thdhSk; - thd;+MSk; ( d;+ M - d)10. gk;gukhfp - gk;guk; +Mfp ( k;+ M - kh)11. FUFKz;L - FUFk;+ cz;L ( k;+c - K)12. ,th;fsplk; - ,th;fs;+ ,lk; (sp)13. vz;znky;yhk; - vz;zk; + vy;yhk; ( k; +v- nk)14. ,UsWj;jpLk; - ,Us; + mWj;jpLk; ( s; + m- s)

KJkuk; - KJik +kuk;‘<WNghjy;’ vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb > epiynkhopapd; ,WjpapYs;s (ik) tpFjp nfl;L >KJ +kuk; KJkuk; vd;whdJ.

Ks;spiy - Ks;+ ,iy Ks;s; + ,iy -Ks;spiyjd;Daph; - jd; + caph; jd;d; + caph; - jd;Daph;fz;Zilahh; - fz; + cilahh;> fz;z; + cilahh; - fz;Zilahh;

1. fUKfpy; - fUik +Kfpy;2. vz;nghUs; - vz;ik +nghUs;3. nrk;nghd; - nrk;ik +nghd;1. G+q;nfhb - G++ nfhb

‘G+g;ngah; Kd; ,dnkd;ikAk; Njhd;Wk’; vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb> tUnkhopapd; KjypYs;s ffuj;jpw;F (f;) ,dkhdnky;ypdk; (q;) kpFe;J> ‘G++ q; +nfhb - G+q;nfhb’ vd;whdJ.

2. G+Q;nrb - G++ nrb (r; - Q;)3. G+Q;Nrhiy - G++ Nrhiy ( r;- Q;)4. G+q;nfhbahs; - G++nfhbahs;1. jpUf;Fws; - jpU+ Fws;

‘,ay;gpDk; tpjpapDk; epd;w caph;Kd; frjg kpFk;’ vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb> tUnkhopapd; Kjypy; cs;s ty;ypdk;(f;)kpFe;J > jpU + f;+ Fws; jpUf;Fws; vd;whdJ.

2. tpidj;jpl;gk; - tpid +jpl;gk;3. tisj; Njhsp - tis+ Njhsp4. jPf;Fr;rp - jP+ Fr;rp5. kjpf;Fil - kjp+ Fil6. gj;jpdpg;ngz;bh; - gj;jpdp+ ngz;bh;



16

7. kiof;fz;zPh; - kio+ fz;zPh;8. kzpf;fOj;J - kzp+ fOj;J

tpz;zpb - tpz; + ,b‘jdpf;Fwpy; Kd; xw;W caph;thpd; ,ul;Lk;’ tpz;z;+ ,b vd MdJ. ‘cly;Nky; caph; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng’vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb (z;+ , - zp) ‘tpz;z; ,b- tpz;zpb’ vd MdJ.

1. ed;wd;W - ed;W + md;W‘caph;thpd; cf;Fws; nka;tpl;L XLk; vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb> epiynkhopapd; ,WjpapYs;s cfuk; (W+ w; + c) nfl;L‘ed;w;+ md;W’ vd MdJ ‘cly;Nky; caph;te;J xd;WtJ’ ,ay;Ng vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb ( w; + m -w)vdg; Gzh;e;J>‘ed;wd;W’ vd;whdJ.F>R>L> J> G> W - Fw;wpaYfu vOj;Jf;fs; cf;Fws; - Fw;wpaYfuk;

2. khrw;whh; - khR+ mw;whh; (R - r;+ c) khr; + mw;whh;- khrw;whh;3. rpyk;nghd;W - rpyk;G+ xd;W (G - g; +c) rpyk;g; + xd;W - rpyk;nghd;W4. tz;bdk; - tz;L + ,dk; (L -l;+ c) tz;l;+b + ,dk; - tz;bdk;5. tufhprp - tuF +mhprp

(F - f;+ c) tuf; + mhprp -tufhprp6. md;Gil - md;G + cil

(G - g; +c) md;g; + cil - md;Gil7. fUj;Njhbirj;J - fUj;NjhL+ ,irj;J

(L-l;+ c) fUj;Njhl; + ,irj;J - fUj;Njhbirj;J8. xd;nwd;g - xd;W+ vd;g ( W - w; c) xd;w; + vd;g - xd;nwd;g9. tpsf;Nfw;wp - tpsf;F +Vw;wp (F - f; + c) tpsf;f;+ Vw;wp- tpsf;Nfw;wp10. tPnwa;jp - tPW +va;jp (W - w;+ c) tPw;+ va;jp - tPnwa;jp11. fw;ngDk; - fw;G +vDk; ( G -g;+ c) fw;g; +vDk; -fw;ngDk;12. tz;Liw - tz;L ciu ( L +l;+ c) tz;l;+ ciw- tz;Liw13. tpUe;njhuhy; - tpUe;j;+ xuhy; (J -j; + c) tpUe;j + xuhy; -tpUe;njhuhy;14. nrj;njhopAk; - nrj;J + xopAk; (J - j; + c) nrj;j;+ xopAk; - nrj;njhopAk;15. nrUf;nfo - nrUf;F +vo(F -f; + c)nrUf;f; + vo - nrUf;nfo1. mUe;Jah; - mUik+ Jah;

‘<WNghjy’; vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb>‘ ik’ tpFjp nfl;lJ. mU+ Jah; ‘,dk; kpfy;’ vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb ‘tUnkhop Kjypy; cs;s jfuj;jpw;F (j;) ,dkhd nky;ypdk; efuk; (e;) kpFe;J mU+ e;+ Jah; - mUe;Jah; vd;whdJ.ty;ypdk; : f;> r;> l;> j;> g;> w;>nky;ypdk;: q;> Q;> z;> e;> k;> d;

2. fUq;fy; - fUik +fy; fU+ q;+ fy;3. ngUe;nja;tk; - ngUik +nja;tk; ngU+ e;+ nja;tk; -ngUe;nja;tk;4. ngUq;fspW - ngUik +fspW ngU +q; +fspW-ngUq;fspW5. fLe;jpwy; - fLik+ jpwy; fL +e;+ jpwy; - fLe;jpwy;6. $h;k;gil - $h;ik+ gil $h; + k; +gil - $h;k;gil7. ,UQ;rpuk; - ,Uik+ rpuk; ,U+ Q; +rpuk; - ,UQ;rpuk;8. nrOk; nghd; - nrOik+ nghd;> nrO+ k;+ nghd; - nrOk;nghd;9. neLq;FtL - neLik+ FtL> neL + q;+ FtL- neLq;FtL10. ,Uk;nghiw - ,Uik+ nghiw> ,U +k; +nghiw- ,Uk;nghiw11. fLk;gif - fLik+ gif> fL + k;+ gif -fLk;gif12. ngUe;Njh; - ngUik+ Njh;> ngU+ e; +Njh; - ngUe;Njh;

nra;As; thp - tpdh tpilfs;:‘neLe;Njh; Ch;kjp tyt “ Koe;jd;W mk;k ehk Kd;dpa tpidNa

1.,t;tb gapd;Ws;s E}y; mfehD}W2. ,jidg; ghbath; kJiu...... ks;sdhh;3. tyt -nghUs; Njh;g;ghfd; Gutp - Fjpiu4. ,jpYs;s jpiz Ky;yiyj; jpiz5. jiykfd; Njh;g;ghfw;Fr;nrhy;ypaJ

‘gr;#d; nga;j ige;epz ty;rpnghyk;Gid fyj;jpw; wUFntd; khNjh”

1. ,lk; ngw;w E}y; Iq;FWE}W



17

2. ghlypd; Mrphpah; Xjyhe;ijahh;3. ,J ew;wha; $w;whf cs;sJ4. gr;#d; - grpa Cd; / gRikahd khkprk;5. ew;wha; fhf;ifaplk; Ntz;baJ6. ty;rp - czT

‘ ntQ;rpd tpwy;Ntw; fhisnahlQ;rp Nyhjpia tuf;fiue; jPNk”

7. mQ;rpNyhjp - jiytp / jiykfs;8. fhis - jiy kfd;

‘ahUkpy;iy jhNd fs;td;jhdJ ngha;g;gpd; ahndtd; nra;Nfh”

1.,lk; ngw;w E}y; FWe;njhif2. ghbath; fgpyh;3.fs;td; -jiytd;4. tiuT ePl;bj;j tplj;Jj; jiykfs; Njhopaplk; $wpaJ5. ngha;g;gpd; - #Siu

‘xOFeP uhuy; ghh;f;Fk;FUF Kz;Ljhd; kze;j Qhd;Nw”

6. xOF ePH; - XLfpd;w ePH;7. Muy; - Muy; kPd;8. FUF - ehiu

‘ntWq;if vd;gJ %lj;jdk; -cd;tpuy;fs; gj;Jk; %yjdk; !”

1. ftpij Ntiyfsy;y Nts;tpfNs !2. ,ijg; ghbath; jhuhghujp3. %iyapy; Klq;fpf; fplf;Fk; thypgid Nehf;fpg; ghLfpwhh;4. tpuy;fs; gj;Jk; %yjdk;5. ntWq;if vd;gJ %ljdk;

‘ Njhy;tpfs; VJk; cdf;fpy;iy - ,dpj;njhLth dk; jhd; cd; vy;iy”

6. ftpijj; njhFg;G E}y;‘ ,J vq;fs; fpof;F’

7. vy;iyahf ,Ug;gJ njhLthdk;8. cdf;F - ,d;iwa ,isQh;fs;9. njhopy; nra;a ek;kplk; vJTkpy;iy vd;W nrhy;tJ %lj;jdkhFk;.gj;J tpuy;fshy; tUfpd;w ciog;Ng

‘ciog;Ng’ ekf;F %yjdkhFk;. ,JNt ghly;thpfs; czh;j;Jk; fUj;J‘flik Ghpe;jhd; ,tNd”

1. E}ypd; ngah; -ghz;bad; ghpR2. ghlyhrphpah; - ghujpjhrd;3. ,ijf; $wpath; Mj;jhf;fpotp4. md;dj;jplk; $wpdhh;5. nts;sj;jpypUe;Jk; Ntoehl;L kwthplkpUe;Jk; md;dk; fhg;ghw;w gl;l NghJ $wpdhh;.

‘ tha;j;jPNu khdj;ij capiuf; .........”6. ,jidf; $wpath; md;dk;7. Mj;jhtpd; kfd; Ntydplk; $wpdhs;8. flik Ghpe;jtd; Ntyd;.

‘ ey;yJ nra;j yhw;wP uhapDk;my;yJ nra;j NyhkGkpdJ jhd;

1. ,lk; ngw;w E}y; GwehD}W2. ghlyhrphpah; ehpnt&cj; jiyahh;3. Xk;Gkpd; jtph;j;J tpLtPh; (jPaJ nra;jiy)4. Mw;wPuhapDk; vJ? ey;yJ nra;jy;5. fzpr;rp- kOthAjk;



18

6. taJ Kjph;e;j rhd;Nwhh;fisg; gw;wpf; $WfpwJ.7. fad;Ks; - eiuKbf;F ctik8. jpiufTs; - RUq;fpa fd;dk;

‘tUit ahfpa rpd;dhs;thoh shjy;ew; fwpe;jid nrd;Nk”

1. ,lk; ngw;w E}y; ew;wpiz2. Mrphpah; - ef;fz;izahh;3. Njhop> jiytid Nehf;fpf; $wpaJ4. rpd;dhs; - rpyehs;5. ‘ew;fwpe;jid nrd;Nk’ - ed;F mwpe;J nfhz;L nry;thahf

‘vjph;e;j mt; tuf;fid ntd;why;Mq;F ehd;mtw;F vd; kfs; ..........”

1. ,lk; ngw;w E}y; - Njk;ghtzp2. muf;fd;- Nfhypahj;J3. ghlyhrphpah; - tPukhKdpth;4. ehd; - rTy; kd;dd;5. ,];uNay; kf;fis vjph;j;jhd;/ mrdp - ,b

rPh;Kfj;J ,sty; - ,isNahd; jhtPjd;kjahid - Nfhypahj;J gykspg;gth; - flTs;ty;ifNahL - ,iwtDila typikahd fuq;fNshL‘tz;Liw XjpAk; typas;”

1. E}y; - fk;guhkhazk;2. Mrphpah; - fk;gh;3. typas; - rPij4. kw;wptd; -mDkd;

‘ mz;lh; ehaf ,dpj;Jwj;jp”> $wpath; - mDkd; mz;lh; ehafd; - ,uhkh;‘jpq;fnshd; wpUg;gd; .............” $wpath; - rPij mDkdplk; $wpdhh; kyub nrd;dp itj;jhs; - rPij kz; Fspur; nra;Ak; kwNty;..........”

1. E}y; -rpyg;gjpfhuk;2. Mrphpau; - ,sq;Nfhtbfs;3. $wpath;-kJiu khefu kf;fs;4. ‘jz;Fil’ -ghz;ba kd;dd; cilaJ.

‘fhjw; fztidf; ...........’ fhjw; fztd; -Nfhtyd; <njhd;W - ,‡J xU GJik‘ ......... nta;Nahd; > jpq;fs; cg;Gf nthz;zhj; J}a kufjf; Nfhl;il fhNl!”

1. ghlypd; jiyg;G ‘fhL’.2. Mrphpah; ftpQNuW thzpjhrd;3. nta;Nahd; - fjputd;4. ,lk; ngw;w E}y; ‘vopNyhtpak;’

jkpofj;jpd; Nth;l;];nthh;j; ftpQNuW thzpjhrd; jk;gpuhd; Njhoh; Re;juh; mofpa kzths jhrh;gps;isg; ngUkhs; Iaq;fhh; ghuha;f;fld; ciuf;fy; Ntz;bf;Nfhld;

jpiz& Jiw tpsf;fk;1. nghUz;nkhopf; fhQ;rpj; Jiwia tpsf;Ff.

KdptUk; mtiug; Nghd;wtUk; ,k;ik kWikfspy; capUf;F cWjpiaj; jUtJ ,d;dJ vd;W jhk; njsptha;mwpe;j nghUisr; nrhy;tJ ‘nghUz;nkhopf; fhQ;rp’ vd;Dk; JiwahFk;.‘ vhpe;jp yq;F rilKb Kdpth;Ghpe;J fz;l nghUs;nkhope; jd;W’ - Gwg;nghUs; ntz;gh khiyrhd;W:gy;rhd; wPnu gy;rhd; wPNufad;Ks; sd;d eiuKjph; jpiufTl;gadpd; %g;gpw; gy;rhd; wPNufzpr;rpf; $h;k;gilf; fLe;jpw nyhUtd;gpzpf;Fq; fhiy apuq;Ftph; khNjhey;yJ nra;j yhw;wP uhapDk;



19

my;yJ nra;j Nyhk;Gkp dJ jhd;vy;yhU Ktg;g jd;wpAk;ey;yhw;Wg; g^c newpAkh uJNt. - ehpnt&cj;jiyahh;tpsf;fk; : ,g;GwehD}w;Wg; ghly; %yk;> kdpj tho;f;if epiyapy;yhjJ. vdNt> capUld; thOk; NghNjhey;ydtw;iwr; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. m‡J ,ayhjhapd; jPikfs; nra;tijf; iftpl Ntz;Lk;. mJNt vy;yhUk;tpUk;GtJ kl;Lk; my;yhky;> kWikapy; ew;fjp Nrh;f;Fk; topahfTk; mikAk; vd cyfpw;F epiyahd cz;ikg;nghUis tw;GWj;jpf; $wpajhy; ‘nghUz;nkhopf; fhQ;rp’ vd;Dk; Jiw Mapw;W.

2. nghJtpay; jpizia tpsf;Ff.ntl;rp Kjy; ghlhz; ,Wjpahfj; njhy;fhg;gpadhh; $Wk; Gwj;jpizfSs; $wg;glhjnra;jpfisAk;> me;jj; jpizfSf;Fg; nghJthd nra;jpfisAk; $WtJ ‘nghJtpay; jpiz’ MFk;.rhd;W:‘gy;rhd; wPNu ......’ vdj; njhlq;Fk; GwehD}w;Wg; ghly;.tpsf;fk; : ,g;ghly; %yk; .............. vd cyfpw;Fg; nghJthd nra;jpfisAk; ePjpiaAk;czh;j;Jtjhy; nghJtpay; jpizf;Fr; rhd;whapw;W.

3. FwpQ;rpj; jpiz - tpsf;Ff.Kjw;nghUs; jpiz vd;gjw;F ‘kf;fs; xOf;fk;’ vd;gJ nghUs;eyKk; nghOJk; Kjw;nghUs; vdg;gLk;.epyk; - kiyAk; kiy rhh;e;j ,lKk;ngUk;nghOJ - Fsph;fhyk; Kd;gdpf;fhyk;rpWnghOJ - ahkk;

fUg;nghUs;:nja;tk; - KUfd;kf;fs; - Fwth;> Fwj;jpah;ePh; - RidePh;> mUtpePHczT - jpiz> kiy ney;chpg;nghUs;: Gzh;jYk; Gzh;jy; epkpj;jKk;rhd;W:‘ ahU kpy;iy jhNd fs;td;jhdJ ngha;g;gpd; ahndtd; nra;Nfhjpidj;jh sd;d rpWgRq; fhyxOFeP uhuy; ghh;f;Fk;FUF #Siu Kz;L jhd; kze;j Qhd;Nw” - fgpyh;tpsf;fk; :jiytd; #Siu $wpa nghOJ> rhl;rp $Wtjw;F ,ayhj ehiu kl;LNk ,Ue;jJ. mJTk; jd;czthd Muy; kPdpd; tUifiaNa $h;e;J Nehf;fpapUe;jJ. ‘,dp ehd; vd;d nra;Ntd’; vd;W jiytp Njhopaplk;tUe;jpf; $wpdhs;.nghUj;jk;: ,r;nra;Aspy;> FwpQ;rpj; jpizf;Fhpa fUg;nghUs;fSs; czthfpa jpidAk;> RidePh;> mUtpePh; tope;JXLfpd;w ePH; Mfpait te;Js;sjhy; FwpQ;rpj; jpizf;Fr; rhd;whapw;W.

4. Ky;iyj; jpizia tpsf;Ff.Kjw;nghUs;:epyk; - fhLk; fhL rhh;e;j ,lKk;ngUk;nghOJ - fhh;fhyk;rpWnghOJ - khiyfUg;nghUs; :nja;tk; - jpUkhy;kf;fs; - Mah;> Ma;r;rpah;G+ - Ky;iy> gpltk;> Njhd;wpgz; / aho;; Ky;iyg; gz; - Ky;iy aho;chpg;nghUs;: ,Uj;jYk;; ,Uj;jy; epkpj;jKk;rhd;W:girgL gr;ir nea;Njha;j; jd;dKiftha; jpwe;j eiftha; Ky;iytz;bde; jtph;f;Fk; jz;gjf; fhiy



20

thpDk; thuh uhapDk; Mz;lth;f;F,dpJ nfhy; thop Njhop ! .... vd;;w......... mUe;Ja Uilas;kJiu ........ kd;dhpd; mfehD}w;Wg; ghly;tpsf;fk; : Ky;iy mUk;Gfs; kyh;e;J> kzk; tPrp> tz;Lf; $l;lk; Ntw;wplk; nry;yhJ jLj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;fhh;fhyKk; te;J tpl;lJ. jhk; tUtjhfr; nrhy;ypr; nrd;w jiyth; fhh;fhyj;jpy; jpUk;gp tutpy;iy. khiyf; fhyj;Jj;jiytdpd; tUifia vjph;ghh;j;Jj; jiytp> tPl;by; jdpj;Jj; JaUld; Mw;wpapUf;fpwhs;.nghUj;jk;:Ky;iyg;G+ - fUg;nghUs; jz;gjf;fhiy - fhh;fhyk; (Kjw;nghUs;) -ngUk;nghOJ jiytd; tUiff;fhfj;jiytp tPl;by; fhj;jpUj;jy; ,Uj;jYk; ,Uj;jy; epkpj;jKk; - chpg;nghUs;. ,j;jifa Ky;iy jpizf;Fhpa nra;jpfs;te;Js;sjhy;>‘ girgL’ vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghly;> Ky;;iyj; jpizf;Fr; rhd;whapw;W.

mzptpsf;fk;:1. ctik mzpiar; rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.

mzp ,yf;fzk; : xUnra;Aspy; ctik xU thf;fpakhfTk;> ctNkak; kw;nwhU thf;fpakhfTk;mike;J> Nghy> Nghd;w Kjyhd ctk cUGfisg; ngw;W tUtJ ‘ctik mzp’ vdg;gLk;.rhd;W:mfo;thiuj; jhq;Fk; epyk;Nghyj; jk;ik,fo;thh;g; nghWj;jy; jiy.ctik : mfo;thiuj; jhq;Fk; epyk;ctNkak; : jk;ik ,fo;thh;g; nghWj;jy; jiyctk cUG : Nghytpsf;fk; : G+kpahdJ jd;kPJ epd;W nfhz;L jd;idj; Njhz;LgtiuAk; tpohky; jhq;fpf;nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. mJ Nghy> jkf;Ff; Fw;wkhdtw;iwr; nra;J> jk;ik mtkjpg;gtiuAk; jk;ik,fo;e;J NgRgtiuAk; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;Sjy; jiy rpwe;j gz;G MFk;.Nfhwy; - nfhy; + jy;nfhy; - gFjp> ‘nfh’>‘Nfh’ vd ePz;lJ tpfhuk; jy;- njhopw;ngah; gFjp

2. vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctikazpiar; rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.mzp ,yf;fzk;:

xU nra;Aspy; ctik xU thf;fpakhfTk;> ctNkak; kw;nwhU thf;fpakhfTk; mike;J> Nghy> Nghd;wKjyhd ctk cUGfs; kiwe;J tUtJ ‘vLj;Jf;fhl;L’ ctikazp vdg;gLk;.rhd;W:,d;ikAs; ,d;ik tpUe;njhuhy; td;ikAs;td;ik klthh;g; nghiw.ctik : ,d;ikAs; ,d;ik klthh;g; nghiw ,ilapy; ‘Nghy’ vd;Dk; ctk cUG kiwe;J te;Js;sJtpsf;fk; : jk;ik ehb tUk; tpUe;jpdiu cgrhpf;f ,ayhky; jtph;f;Fk; epiy> tWikf;Fs; nfhba tWikMFk;. mJNghy> mwptpyhh; nra;Ak; jPq;Ffisj; jz;bf;Fk; typik jdf;F ,Ue;Jk; jz;bf;fhky; nghWj;jNytypikf;Fs; rpwe;j typik MFk;.

3. nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tU epiy mzpiar; rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.mzp ,yf;fzk; : xU nra;Aspy; te;j nrhy;Ny kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; te;J> xNu nghUisj; jUkhapd;> mJ

nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tU epiyazp MFk;.rhd;W:cjtp tiuj;jd;W cjtp cjtpnrag;gl;lhh; rhy;gpd; tiuj;J

tpsf;fk; : ,f;Fwl;ghtpy; > ‘cjtp ’ vd;Dk; nrhy; gyKiw te;J> cgfhuk; vd;Dk; xNunghUisj; jUtjhy; nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tUepiy mzp MFk;.

4. jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzpia tpsf;Ff.mzp ,yf;fzk; :

jd;+ Fwpg;G +Vw;wk; - jw;Fwpg;Ngw;wk; ,ay;ghf epfOk; epfor;rpapd; kPJ ftpQd; jd; fUj;ij Vw;wpf; $WtJjw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzpahFk;.rhd;W:nrk;nghw;nfhb midahs; fz;lhisj; jhd; fhzhd;ky;yk;kh Qhyk; ,Us; Cl;b> khkiyNky;>nrt;ntd; fjph; RUq;fpf; nrq;fjpNuhd; nrd;nwhspg;gg; - ,sq;Nfhtbfs;



21

tpsf;fk; : khiyg; nghOjpy; #hpad; jd; fjph;fisr; RUf;fp kiwjy; ,ay;ghd epfo;r;rpahFk;. Mdhy;>fz;zfp jd; fztdhfpa Nfhtyid ,oe;J cw;w Jd;gj;jpidAk; mts; gythW $wpg; Gyk;gp mOjjijAk;fjputd; fhzg; nghwhky; jd; nrq;fjph;fisr; RUf;fpf; nfhz;L Nkw;F kiyapy; nrd;W kiwe;jhd; vd;W,sq;Nfhtbfs; jk; fUj;ij Vw;wpf; $wpAs;shh;. vdNt > ,jpy; jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzp gapd;W te;Js;sJ.nfhz;l - nfhs;(z;) + l;+ mnfhs; - gFjp> s;> ‘z;’ MdJ tpfhuk>; l; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy> m- nganur;r tpFjpepw;ghd;- epy;(w;)+ g; +Md;epy; - gFjp> ‘y;> w;MdJ tpfhuk;> g; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiy Md; -Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjpVFtha; - VF+ t;+ Ma;VF - gFjp t;- vjph;fhy ,ilepiy> Ma; - Kd;dpiy xUik tpidKw;W tpFjp

1 . ‘nra;e;ed;wpawpjy;’ gw;wp ts;Sth; $wpAs;s fUj;Jf;fisj; njhFj;J vOJf.itafKk; thdfKk; xg;ghfh:

1. ehk; Xh; cjtpAk; nra;ahJ ,Uf;Fk; epiyapy; xUth; ekf;Fr; nra;j cjtpf;F ,k;kz;ZyfKk; tpz;ZyfKk;xg;ghfh.epy cyfj;ij tplg; nghpaJ

2. Mgj;Jf;fhyj;jpy; xUth; nra;j cjtp kpfr; rpwpajha; ,Ue;jhYk; mJ nra;ag;gl;l fhyj;ij Nehf;Fk;NghJ ,e;epycyfj;ij tpl kpfTk; nghpajhFk;.flypd; nghpaJ:

3. gaid vjph;ghuhky; xUth; nra;j cjtpapd; rpwg;ig Muha;e;J ghh;j;jhy;> mJ flypDk; nghpajhFk;.nra;ed;wpmwpthhpd; ,ay;G :

4. xUth; jpiz msT kpfr; rpwpa cjtpiar; nra;jhYk;> mjidg; gidasT nghpjha; kjpj;Jg; Nghw;Wth;> gad;njhpthh;.

5. xUth; kw;wth;f;Fr; nra;j cjtp mt;Tjtpapd; msitg; nghWj;jJ md;W;mt;Tjtpiag; ngw;wtUila jFjpvt;tstpdNjh mt;tsitg; nghWj;jjhFk;.kwtw;f Jwtw;f:

6. jpUts;Sth;> Fw;wkw;w ey;yth; el;gpid kwj;jy; $lhJ vd;fpwhh;. Jd;gk; Neh;e;j fhyj;jpy; jkf;F cjtpaha;,Ue;jth;fspd; el;igf; iftpLjy; $lhJ vd;fpwhh;.vOgpwg;Gk; cs;Sth;:

7. jkf;F Vw;gl;l Jd;gj;jpid ePf;fpatUila cah;e;j el;gpid VO tifg;gl;l gpwtpaYk; kwthJ epidj;Jg; Nghw;Wth;>rhd;Nwhh; .kwg;gJk; kwthjJk;:

8. gpwh; nra;j ed;ikia kwg;gJ mwkhfhJ. mth;nra;j jPikia clNd kwe;J tpLtJ mwkhFk;.ed;wy;yij kwf;f:

9. nfhiy nra;tJ Nghd;w nfhLikfisr; nra;jhYk;> mth; nra;j xU ed;ikia epidf;f> jPikfs; vy;yhk;kiwe;J tpLk;.nra;ed;wp kwj;jypd; nfhLik:

10. vj;jifa mwq;fis mopj;jth;f;Fk; mg;ghtj;jpypUe;J ePq;f topAz;L. Mdhy;> xUtd; nra;j cjtpiakwe;jtDf;F mg;ghtj;jpypUe;J ePq;Fk; top ,y;iyahk;.

4. itafKk; thdfKk; xg;ghfh vjw;F?(1)5. epy cyfj;ij tpl kpfg;nghpaJ vJ?(2)6. flypd; nghpaJ vJ?(3)7. kwtw;f vdTk; Jwtw;f vdTk; jpUts;Sth; vtw;iwf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;?(6)8. nra;ed;wp kwj;jypd; nfhLikiaf; $Wf.(10)

2 . ‘nghiwAilik’ vd;Dk; mjpfhuk; ntspg;gLj;Jk; fUj;Jf;fisj; njhFj;J vOJf.nghiwAilikapd; rpwg;G:

1. jd;idj; Njhz;LgtiuAk; fPNo tpohky; jhq;Fk; G+kpiag; Nghyj; jk;ik mtkjpg;gtiuAk; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;Sjy;jiyrpwe;j mwkhFk;.

2. gpwh; nra;Ak; tuk;G fle;j Fw;wj;jpidg; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;Sjy; rpwe;jJ. me;jf; Fw;wj;jpid kwe;J tpLjy; mijtplr;rpwe;jJ.

3. tWikf;Fs; tWikahtJ tPl;bw;F tUk; tpUe;jpdiu cgrhpf;f KbahikNa MFk;. (mwptpyhh; nra;Ak; tuk;G fle;jFw;wj;jpidg; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;tJ typikf;Fs; rpwe;j typikahFk;)

4. ew;Fzq;fs; ek;ik tpl;L ePq;fhjpUf;f Ntz;Lkhdhy;> nghWik vd;Dk; Fzj;ijg; Nghw;wpf; fhj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.gpwh; nra;jd nghWj;jy;

5. jkf;Fj; jPq;F nra;jtiuj; jz;bj;jtiur; rhd;Nwhh; xU nghUl;lhf kjpf;fkhl;lhh;. Mdhy;> nghWj;Jf;



nfhs;gtiug; nghd;Nghy; kjpj;J kdj;Js; itj;Jg; Nghw;Wth;.6. jkf;Fj; jPq;F nra;jtiuj; jz;bj;jth; me;j xU ehs; kl;LNk kd epiwthfpa ,d;gk; va;Jth;. jPq;F nra;jtiug;

nghWj;J nfhz;lth;f;Nfh cyfk; mopAk; tiu Gfo; cz;lhFk;.7. nra;aj;jfhj Jd;gr; nray;fisg; gpwh; jdf;Fr; nra;jhYk; mjw;fhf tUe;jp mwj;jpw;F khwhd nray;fisr;

nra;ahjpUj;jy; ey;yJ.8. nrUf;fpdhy; jkf;Fj; jPik nra;jhiuAk; jkJ nghWikapdhy; ntw;wp nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;

nfhLQ;nrhw;fisg; nghWj;jy;:9. tuk;Gfle;J NgRNthhpd; nfhba nrhw;fisAk; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;gth; gw;ww;w JwtpapDk; Nkyhdth; Mth;.10. cz;zhNehd;G ,Uf;Fk; nghpath;fis tplj; jk;ik ,fo;Nthhpd; nrhw;fisg; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;gth; Nkyhdth;

Mthh;.4. nghiwAilikapd; rpwg;ig ts;Sth; top epd;W tpsf;Ff. (1>2> 3>4)5. xWj;jhh;> nghWj;jhh; Fwpj;Jf; Fws; $Wtd ahit? (5>6>7>8)6. ,d;dhr;nrhy;iyg; nghWg;gth; (9>10)9. vjid kwj;jy; vjdpDk; ed;W? (2)10. td;ikAs; td;ik vJ? (3)11. xWj;jhUk; nghWj;jhUk; va;Jtd ahit? (6)12. ahiug; nghiwahy; nty;Yjy; Ntz;Lk;? (8)

3 . ‘mwpTilik’ vd;Dk; mjpfhuj;jpy; njhptpf;f ngw;Ws;s fUj;Jf;fisj; njhFj;J vOJf.mwptpd; rpwg;G:

1. mwpT vd;gJ> xUtUf;F mopT Neuhky; Kd;dNu mwpe;J fhf;ff; $ba fUtpahFk;. mJ kl;Lkd;wp giftuhy;mopf;f Kbahj muZk; MFk;.mwptpd; ,yf;fzk;:

2. kdj;ijj; jPa topfspypUe;J tpyf;fp> ey;y topapy; nrYj;JtNj mwpthFk;.3. ve;jr; nra;jpia vth; $wf; Nfl;lhYk;> mr;nra;jpapy; cs;s cz;ikahd nghUis Muha;e;J fhz ty;yNj

rpwe;j mwpthFk;.4. gpwh; kdk; nfhs;SkhW mhpa fUj;Jfis vLj;Jiug;gJk;> gpwh; $Wtdtw;Ws; Ez;nghUs; fhz;gJk; rpwe;j

mwpthFk;.5. cyfpy; mwpT> xOf;fk; epiwe;j cah;e;jhNuhL el;Gf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. me;j el;gpy; tsh;jy;> Nja;jy; ,y;yhky;

vg;nghOJk; xNu epiyapy; ,Uj;jy; rpwe;j mwpthFk;.6. cyfj;jhh; vt;topapy; elf;fpd;wdNuh mt;topapy; jhDk; elg;gNj rpwe;j mwpthFk;.

mwpTilahuJ ,yf;fzk;:7. mwpTilahh;> gpd;dhy; tug;Nghtij Kd;Ng mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; Mw;wy; cilath; Mth;. mwptpyhh;> gpd;dhy;

tug;Nghtij Kd;Ng mwpa ,ayhjth; Mth;.8. mQ;r Ntz;ba gop ghtq;fSf;F mQ;rhky; tho;tJ mwpahik MFk;. mQ;r Ntz;ba gop ghtq;fSf;F mQ;rp

tho;jy;mwpTilNahh; nrayhFk;.mwpTilahh;f;Fj; Jd;gkpy;iy

9. gpd;dhy; tuf;$ba Jd;gq;fis Kd;dNu mwpe;Jfhj;Jf; nfhs;sf; $ba mwpTilahh;f;F> mth; mQ;rp eLq;FkhWNeuf;$ba Jd;gk; vJTkpy;iy.vy;yhk; cilath;> xd;Wkpy;yhjth;:

10. mwpTilahh; NtW vJTk; ,y;yhjtuhdhYk; vy;yhr; nry;tq;fisAk; cilath; Mth;. mwpT ,y;yhjth; vy;yhr;nry;tq;fisAk; ngw;wpUe;jhYk; xd;Wk; ,y;yhjth; Mth;.

13. mwptpd; rpwg;ig vOJf. (1)14. mwpTilahh;> mwptpyhh; ,ay;gpidr; Rl;;Lf. (7)15. eLq;f tUk; Jd;gk; ahUf;fpy;iy?(9)16. vy;yhk; cilath;> xd;Wk; ,y;yhjth; ahh; ahh;? (10)17. mwptpd; ,yf;fzj;ij vOJf. (tpil: 2>3>4>5>6)18. mwpTilahhpd; ,yf;fzq;fshf ts;Sth; $wpadtw;iw vOJf.(tpil : 7>8)

4 . tpidj;jpl;gk; vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; jpUts;Sth; $wpAs;sd ahit?tpidj;jpl;gk;:

1. tpidj;jpl;gk; vd;gJ> xUtd; vj;jid ,lh;ghLfs; Vw;gl;lhYk; fyq;fhky;> jhd; Nkw;nfhz;l nraiyr; nra;JKbf;Fk; kdtypikahFk;. gpw> jpz;ikfs; vd;W nrhy;yg;glh.‘Ma;e;jth; Nfhs;’:

2. xUth;> xU nraiy Nkw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ Neuf;$ba ,ilA+Wfis Kd;Ng njhpe;J Kad;W tpyf;FjYk;> Kad;WjLj;Jk; ,ilA+W NeUkhapd; kdk; fyq;fhikAk; tpidj;jpl;gKilahh; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba newpfshk;.



23

vw;wh tpOkk; jUk;3. xUtd;> jhd; Nkw;nfhz;l nraiy KbtpNy Gyg;gLkhW kiwj;Jr; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. me;jr; nray; ,ilapNy

ntspg;gLkhapd; mJ tpid nra;thDf;F ePq;fhj Jd;gj;ijj; jUk;.vspaTk; mhpaTk; Mtd:

4. nra;J Kbj;jw;F mhpa nray;fisAk; nra;J Kbf;f KbAk; vd;W $Wjy; vy;Nyhh;f;Fk; vspikahdJ MFk;.Mdhy;> nrhy;ypagb nra;J Kbj;jy; kpfTk; mUikahdJ MFk;.tpidj;jpl;gj;jpd; rpwg;G:

5. vz;zj;jhy; rpwg;nga;jpa> khl;rpikg;gl;l mikr;rdJ tpidj;jpl;gk;> murDf;Fr; rpwg;ig cz;lhf;Fkhjyhy;mtd; midtuhYk; kjpf;fg;gLthd;vz;zpahq;F va;Jthh;:

6. xU nraiyr; nra;J Kbj;jw;F chpa kdj;jpl;gk; cilath;> jhk; vz;zpatw;iw vz;zpathNw nra;J Kbf;fty;yth; Mthh;.cUT fz;L vs;shik Ntz;Lk; :

7. tbtpy; rpwpa mr;rhzp kpfg;nghpa Njiur; nrYj;Jk;. mJNghy> tbtpy; rpwpatUk; kpfg;nghpa nraiyr; nra;aty;yth; Mth;. mjdhy;> cUtpidf; fz;L xUtiu ,fof; $lhJ.tpid nra;Ak; Kiw:

8. tpidj;jpl;g Kilahh;> jhk; Nkw;nfhz;l nraiy kdk; njspe;J> Jzpe;J> Nrhh;tpy;yhky;> fhyk; jho;j;jhJ tpiue;Jnra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

9. xU nraypidr; nra;Ak; NghJ Jd;gq;fs; Nkd;NkYk; mLf;fp te;jhYk; kdk; fyq;fhky; Kbtpy; ,d;gk; jUk;mr;nraiyj; JzpTld; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;cyfj;jhy; kjpf;fg;glhjth;:

10. tpid nra;tjpy; kdj;jpl;gk; cilatiuNa cyfk; tpUk;gpg; Nghw;Wk;. tpidj;jpl;gk; ,y;yhjth; NtW vj;jifajpl;gKilatuhapDk; mtiu cyfk; tpUk;ghJ.

9. tpidj;jpl;gj;jpd; rpwg;Gk;> m‡J cilahh; va;Jk; gaDk; Fwpj;J vOJf. (5>6)10. tpidj;jpl;gj;jpd; rpwg;igj; jpUts;Sth; vq;qdk; fhl;bAs;shh;? (1>3>5>6>7)

*********I. tho;j;J II ngUtpdh

m. ,iwtho;j;J M. nkhop tho;j;J ,. ehl;Ltho;j;J2. fk;gh; ‘ ed;Nw ek;gp Fbtho;f;if’ vd tpae;J $Wtjd; eaj;ij tpsf;Ff.

‘vy;yh kjj;jtUk; ,iwtd; xUtNd’ vd;gjhy; fk;gh;> ‘xd;Nw nad;dpd; xd;Nwahk;’ vd;fpwhh; vdpDk; vy;yhg;nghUs;fspYk; ,Ug;gjhy; ‘gyNt’ vd;fpwhh;. cyfpYs;s vg;nghUisg; NghyTk; ,iwtd; ,y;iy vd;why; ,y;iyjhd;. fjputidg; Nghyg; Ngnuhsp nfhz;ltdh> epyitg; Nghd;W jz;> vd;W ,Ug;ghdh> fhw;wpidg; Nghd;Wvq;Fk; gutp epiwe;jpUg;gtdh vd;why; ‘ Mk;’ vd;gjhy; cz;L jhd;. cyfpy; ,iwtd; ,y;iy vd;W nrhd;dhy;,y;iy jhd;. ,iwtd; ‘cz;L’ vd;W nrhd;dhy; cz;L jhd;. ,t;thW> gy;NtWgl;l jd;ikfis xUq;Nfnfhz;ltdha; ,iwtd; ,Uj;jyhy;> mtid ‘ed;Nw ek;gp Fbtho;f;if’ vd;W tpae;J $Wfpwhh; fk;gh;. NkYk;,g;gbg;gl;l ,iwtdpd; jd;ikfshff; fz;Lzh;e;J> ehk; filj;NjWtjw;F ,iwtidr; ruziltNj rpwe;jtopahFk; vd;W $Wfpwhh; fk;gh;.

3. ,iwtho;j;Jg; ghlyhy;mwpayhFk; nra;jpfisf; $Wf.,iwtd; ‘xUtNd‘ Mthd; . mtd; cUtkw;wtd;. vdpDk; cyfpYs;s vy;yhg; nghUs;fspYk; ePf;fkw epiwe;J

,Uf;fpd;whd;.cUtk;> mUtk;. mUTUtk; vdg; gy;NtW epiyfshf ,iwtd; jpfo;fpd;whd;.,iwtd; cynfq;Fk; xspUk; Ngnuhsp kakhdtd;; ‘jz;’ vd;wpUf;Fk; jd;ik gilj;jtd;. jd;id ‘,y;iy’

vd;W $Wgthplj;jpYk; ,Ug;gtd; jd;id ‘cz;L’ vd;W ciug;gtdplk; kiwe;jpUg;gtd;.,j;jifa ,iwtid ek; khDlf; fz;fshy; fhz ,ayhJ. mUshNy mtid mwpa ,aYk; .

mtid ehk; mwpe;J ca;tjw;F top> ,iwtidr; ruz; miltJ xd;W kl;LNk MFk;.

5. tujeQ;irag; gps;is vf;fhuzq;fshy; jkpod;idia tho;j;Jtk; vd;W $Wfpd;whh;?jkpo; kf;fspd; ,sikg; gUtj;jpNy> Kjd; Kjyhf mth;fspd; ehitg; NgRtjw;F mirtpj;j nkhop> jkpo; nkhop.jkpoh;fspd; mwpTf; fz;izj; jpwe;J cyf elg;Gfisj; njsptha; vLj;Jiuj;J> mtw;wpd; cz;ikfis

mth;fs; fUj;njhL nghUe;jr; nra;j nkhop> jkpo;nkhop.jkpoh;fspd; cs;sf; fUj;Jfis> rpe;jidfis kw;wth;fSf;F mwptpg;gjw;Ff; fUtpaha; ‘ehd; ,Uf;fpNwd;’

vd;W nrhy;ypf;nfhz;L te;j jpUj;jkhd nkhop> jkpo; nkhop.gy;NtW tifg;gl;l may; nkhopfisf; fw;gjw;Fj; jkpoh;f;F cjtp Ghpe;j tsk; nghUe;jpa nkhop> jkpo;nkhop.



24

,j;jifa fhuzq;fshy;> ‘jkpod;idia tho;f! tho;f! vd;W nrhy;yp> ‘jkpo;jhapd; jpUtbfisg; gzpe;Jtho;j;JNthk;” vd;W tujeQ;irag;gps;is $Wfpd;whh;.

7. ,e;jpah; midtUk; vt;ntz;zj;ijf; iff;nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;? Vd;?‘ ,‡J ,e;jpa ehL; ,e;j ehLvq;fSf;Nf chpikahd ehL”

vd;W ehs;NjhWk; ,e;jpah; xt;nthUtUk; ,e;jpa ehl;bidg; Nghw;wpg; ghl Ntz;Lk;. ,e;jpa ehl;bw;F chpikapy;yhjme;epah; gyh; ,q;F te;J> ek;ik mbikg;gLj;jp Mz;ldh;. mg;NghJ ,e;jpah; nghWg;gpy;yhky; J}q;fpf; fple;j fhyq;fs;fope;jd. ,e;jpah;fshfpa ek;Kila tho;T kyu> te;jtiuAk; NghdtiuAk; ek;gp tho;e;J nfhz;bUe;j fhyq;fs;kiwe;J Nghapd. vdNt> ,d;W Kjy; ,e;jpah; midtUk; ‘,e;jpah- vq;fSf;F chpikahd ehL’ vd;Dk; vz;zj;ijkdj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

njhif E}y;fs; (m) GwehD}W (ngUtpdh)1. Gwk;+ ehd;F+ E}W - GwehD}W> ‘Gwk;’ vdTk;> ‘Gwg;ghl;L’ vdTk; toq;fg;gLk;. vl;Lnjhif E}y;fSs; xd;W. ntl;rp

Kjy; ngUe;jpiz Kba cs;s Gwj;jpizfSf;Fhpa Jiwg; nghUs;fs; mike;j (400) ehD}W ghly;fisf;nfhz;Ls;sjhy; ‘GwehD}W’ vd;W ngah; ngw;wJ. ,e;E}ypd; flTs; tho;j;Jg; ghliyg; ghujk; ghba ngUe;Njtdhh;ghbAs;shh;. gy;NtW fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j gy;NtW Gyth;fshy; ghlg;gl;lit.

KbAil %Nte;jh;fs;> rpw;wurh;fs;> mikr;rh;fs;Nridj; jiyth;fs;> tPuh;fs;> filnaOts;sy;fs;>filr;rq;fg; Gyth;fs; MfpNahhpd; tPuk;> nfhilj;jpwk;>ngUik Kjyhdtw;iw GwehD}w;wpd; %yk; mwpayhk;.

rq;f fhyj; jkpo; kf;fspd; tho;f;if Kiw> ehfhpfk;> Nghh;j;jpwk;> gz;ghL kw;Wk; gof;ftof;fq;fs; gw;wpar;nra;jpfisg; GwehD}W ekf;F toq;Ffpd;wJ.

GwehD}W> ‘jkpohpd; cahpa tho;tpay;rpe;jidfis tpsf;Fk; fUT+yk;”

,J njhFf;fg ;gl ;l fhyk; fp.gp .,uz;lhk; E}w ;whz;L. ,jpy; 11 Gwj;jpizfSk; 65JiwfSk; vLj;jhsg;gl;Ls;sd. jkpo; kPJ gw;Wf; nfhz;l [p.A. Nghg; mth;fs; GwehD}w;Wg; ghly;fs; rpytw;iwMq;fpyj;jpy; nkhopngah;j;J ntspapl;Ls;shh;.

1. vl;Lj; njhif E}y;fs; ahit?mfg;nghUs; E}y;fs; Gwg;nghUs; E}y;fs; mfk; + Gwk;1. ew;wpiz> 4. fypj;njhif 6. gjpw;Wg; gj;J2.FWe;njhif 5.mfehD}W 7. GwehD}W 8.ghpghly;3. Iq;FWE}W

2. ehpnt& cj;jiyahh; gadpy;yhj KJikAilahiu tpspj;Jf; $Wtdtw;iw vOJf.‘fad;Ks; sd;d eiuKjph; jpiufTl;gadpd; %g;gpw; gy;rhd; wPNu”

KJik fhuzkhf kPdpd; Ks;isg; Nghd;W ntz;ikahd jiyKbapidAk; Njhy; RUq;fpafd;dq;fisAk; cila gadpy;yhj %g;G cila rhd;NwhNu! ‘ fzpr;rpf; $h;k;gilf; fLe;jpw nyhUtd;gpzpf;Fq; fhiy apuq;Ftph; khNjh”

$h;ikahd kOthfpa MAjj;;ij Ve;jpathW> typik tha;e;j vkd; ghrf;fapw;why; fl;b capiuf; ftutUk;NghJ tUe;JtPh;! mg;NghJ tUe;jpg; gadpy;iy.‘ey;yJ nra;j yhw;wP uhapDk;my;yJ nra;j Nyhk;Gkpd;”

capUld; thOk; NghNj ey;yJ nra;Aq;fs;. ey;y tpidfisr; nra;ahtpl;lhYk; jPaijr; nra;jiyahtJ jtph;j;JtpLq;fs;. mJNt vy;NyhUk; tpUk;GtJ. mJ kl;Lkd;W>‘cq;fis kWikapy; ey;y topahfpa tPl;Lyfpy;nrYj;jf;$ba mwtopAk; mJNtahFk;”vd;W ehpnt&cj;jiyahh; $Wfpwhh;.

3. ,lQ;Rl;b tpsf;Ff. ‘ ey;yJ nra;j yhw;wP uhapDk; my;yJ nra;j Nyhk;G kpd;”

,lk; ngw;w E}y;: GwehD}W ‘gy;rhd;wPNu’ vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghly;.$wpath; - Mrphpah;> Nfl;lth;- gadpd; %g;gpw; gy;rhd;Nwhh;

2 tpsf;fk;: KJik fhuzkhf kPdpd; Ks;isg; Nghd;W ntz;ikahd jiyKbapidAk; Njhy; RUq;fpafd;dq;fisAk; cila gadpy;yhj %g;G cila rhd;NwhNu!

$h;ikahd kOthfpa MAjj;ij Ve;jpathW> typik tha;e;j vkd; ghrf;fapw;why; fl;b capiuf; ftu tUk;NghJ



25

tUe;Jtjhy; vde;jg; gaDk; ,y;iy.( capUld; ........... vd;W mwpTWj;Jfpwhh; ehpnt&cj; jiyath; .

rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fs; -ngUtpdh - njhFg;G1. ,uhruhr Nrhodpd; tpy;> ths;> KuR> nfhb> Fil Fwpj;Jf; $wg;gl;ld ahit?

tpy;ypd; rpwg;G ,e;jpuid ntd;wJ; Xh; mk;gpid tpLj;Jg; ngUq;fly; fha;e;J> tw;WkhW nra;jJ.

thspd; rpwg;G Nrho kf;fs; ey;tho;T ngwf; fhtphp MW gha;tjw;Fr; iry kiyia ntl;b toptpl;lJ; thdj;jpy;mire;j mRuh;fspd; efuj;jpidj; njhiyj;jJ.

Kurpd;rpwg;G tQ;rp khehpy; jpiwahff; nfhLj;j flg;g kuj;jhy; nra;ag;gl;lJ. Nghhpy; Njhw;w Ntw;W ehl;Lkd;diuj; jiyapy; kz; Rke;J fhtphp miz fl;LkhW nra;jJ.

nfhbapd;rpwg;G Mapuk; fz;fisf; nfhz;L. NkUkiyiaj; jhtpr; Rw;wp te;j ,e;jpuidf; nfhbapy;Gypahff; nfhz;lJ.

Filapd; rpwg;G Nrho ehl;L kf;fisf; fhf;Fk; nghUl;L> thdsT nebJ cah;e;J> mz;l $lj;ij xj;Jepw;gJ ,uhruhr Nrho kd;ddpd; Fil

2. njd;fiu ehl;bd; tsk; Fwpj;JKf;$lw;gs;S ciug;gdtw;iw vOJf.#hpadpd; ntg;gj;jpdhy; ntapy; fhAk; kf;fspd; tapW grpahy; fhahJntz;ikahd japh;fz;lq;fs;jhd; kf;fs; Neha; fz;lq;fshy; kdk; fyq;fhh;epiy FiyAk;.kha;e;J xoptd ehopifAk; thuKNk MFk; kf;fSs; ,sikapy; ,wg;gth; vtUk; ,yh;fyq;fpr; Roy;tJ ePH;r;Ropfis cila kf;fs; gpwehl;Lg; gilahy; fyq;fpr; Roy;tJ ,y;iynts;sk; kl;LNked;F Kw;wpa nre;ney; gapNu jiy rhAk; kf;fs; fhag;gl;Lk;> Fiy NehAw;Wk; jiy rha;tJ ,y;iy.Jwtpfs; kl;LNk jdpahf tho;thh; fztd; kidtpah; jdpj;J ,uhh;.re;jdf;fl;il kl;LNk miug;gjhy; NjAk; nra;Aspy;nghUs; Nja;T ,uhJ,itNa njd;fiu ehl;bd;tsk; Fwpj;J Kf;$lw;gs;S ciug;gdthk;.

3. jiytp Nkfj;jplk; nkhope;j J}J nkhopfs; ahit?nre;jhkiu kyh; Nghd;w moFk; Fsph;r;rpAk; cila fz;fis cilatuhd jpUkhy; Japy;nfhs;tJ Nghy> re;jd

kuq;fs; epiwe;Js;s nghjpa kiyr; rhuypy; Fbnfhz;L thOk; Nkff; $l;lq;fNs!mofpa ntz;kjpAk; ,iuNjb miyfpd;w Fapypd; ,sq;FQ;Rk; vd; capiu tpOq;Ftjhy; ehd; kpfTk;

tUe;JfpNwd;.vd; epiyia NkU kiyapYk; fapyha kiyapYk;> nghjpakiyapYk; jq;fp tho;gtUk;> mur Fkhupahfpa jlhjifg;

gpuhl;bapd;fztUkhfpa kJiuapy; vOe;jUsp cs;s NrhkRe;jug; ngUkhdplk; nrd;W Gfy;tPh;fshf! vd;W jiytpNkfj;jplk; J}J nkhopfis nkhope;jhs;.

4. ngUkhs; ciw jpUNtq;flg;gjp Fwpj;Jg; gps;is ngUkhs; Iaq;fhh; $Wtd ahit?jpUg;ghw;fliy kiyNghd;w jk; iffshy; file;J> mKjj;ij vLj;Jj; Njth;fSf;Ff; nfhLj;j ngUik

kpf;f jpUkhy; vOe;jUsp tho;fpd;w kiy jpUNtq;fl kiyahFk;. gpiwr;re;jpuidj; jiyapy; #ba rptngUkhDk;kdk; Fspuf; fhZk; kiy. gpuk;kDk;> ,e;jpuDk; Ntjq;fis Muha;fpd;w Kdpth;fSk; Kg;gJ Kf;Nfhbj; Njth;fSk;jk; fz;fshy; fz;L jhprpf;Fk; kiy. ,th;fs; midtUk; fhiy> khiy Mfpa ,U NtisfspYk; jk; mwpTf;Fs;Njf;fp itj;Jg; Nghw;Wfpd;w rpwe;j kiy ‘ jpUNtq;flkiy’ MFk;.

5. gps;isg; ngUkhs; Iaq;fhh; gw;wpf; Fwpg;G vOJf.ngah; : gps;isg;ngUkhs; Iaq;fhh;gpwe;j Ch; : Nrho ehl;bYs;s ‘jpUkq;if’rkak; : itztk;fhyk; : fp.gp 17 Mk; E}w;whz;Lrpwg;G ngah;fs; : ‘jpt;tpaftp’‘mofpa kzthsjhrh;’ nja;tf; ftpQh;,aw;wpait : vl;L E}y;fspd; njhFjpiaf; nfhz;l m\;lg;gpuge;jk;Mw;wpa gzpfs; : kJiu jpUkiy ehaf;f kd;dhpd; mitapy; mYtyh;; gpd;dh; ,iwj; njhz;by; jk;ik

<LgLj;jpf; nfhz;lhh;. cah;itg; Gyg;gLj;Jk; gonkhop.m\;lgpuge;jk; fw;wtd; miug; gz;bjd;

nrhy; - nghUs; - njhil- eil Nehf;Ff; nfhz;L> ,th;jk; ghly;fs; xsph;fpd;wd.



26

topghl;Lg; ghly;fs; (ngUtpdh)1. ‘ehapNdd; kwe;J vz;zpidf;NfNd’ vd;W Re;juh; cUFkhw;wpid tpsf;Ff.

fw;gf kuk; Nghd;wts; Ntz;Lgth;f;F Ntz;batw;iw toq;Fk; fw;gfj; jUtpidg;Nghd;wtd; rptngUkhd;

fdfkhy;tiu nghd;kakhd fapyha kiyiag; Nghd;wtd;fhkNfhgd; jd; jtj;jpw;F ,ilA+W tpistpj;j fhkd; kPJ Nfhgk; nfhz;L new;wpf; fz;zhy;

vhpj;jtd;fz; Ejyhd; new;wpapy; jPg;nghwp gwf;Fk; new;wpf; fz;iz cilatd;> rptngUkhd;.Nrhjp tbthdtd; nrhy;Yk; nrhw;fspd; nghUs;top Vw;gLk; mf ,Ushfpa Mzt kyj;jpidg; Nghf;fp>

njsptpid mUSk; J}a;ikahd Nrhjp tbthdtd;.mbadha; jpUntz;nza; ey;Y}hpy; Xh;mbik xiyiaf; fhl;bMl;nfhz;;ltd; vd;id (Re;juiu) mbik nfhz;ltd;> rptngUkhd;ew;gjj;jhd; mbath;fSf;F mUs;GhpAk; jpUg;ghjq;fis cilatd; rptngUkhd;es;shw;whd; jpUes;shW vd;Dk; gjpapy; vOe;jUsp ,Ug;gtd;mKjhdtd; mKjk; Nghy; vd; caphpy; fye;J ,dpg;gtd; rptngUkhd;.

,j;jifa rpwg;Gfis cila rptngUkhid kwe;J> eha; Nghd;w mbatdhfpa ehd; NtW vd;d epidg;Ngd;?xd;iwAk; epidf;f khl;Nld; vd;W Re;juh; kdk; cUFfpwhh;.

2. FyNrfu Mo;thh; Ntz;LtJk; Ntz;lhjJk; ahit?FyNrfu Mo;thh; Ntz;LtJ FyNrfu Mo;thh; Ntz;lhjJ‘Njdhh;G+Q; Nrhiyj; jpUNtq; flr; Risapy; ‘ Mdhj nry;tj; juk;igah;fs; jw;#okPdhw;g; gpwf;Fk; tpjpAilNa dhNtNd” thdhSQ; nry;tKk; kz;zuRk; ahd; Ntz;Nld;”Njd; rpe;Jk ; kyh; Nrhiyfis cila Fiwtw;w moF kpf;f thDyf eldjpUNtq;flk; vd;Dk; jpUkiyapy; cs;sePh; epiwe;j khjh;fshfpa muk;igah;fs; vd;idr;Ridfspy; kPdha;g; gpwf;Fk; ew;Ngw;wpidNa ehd; Rw;wp FOkpaUf;f ,e;jpuNyhfj;ijtpUk;GfpNwd; vd;W FyNrfu Mo;thh; MSk; tha;g;Gk; xUNru vdf;Ff;Ntz;Lfpwhh;. fpilg;gjhf ,Ue;jhYk; mtw;iw ehd;

tpUk;g khl;Nld; vd;W FyNrfu Mo;thh; $Wfpwhh;

3. rpYitapy; ghpj;jpahfk; nra;j ngUkhidf; fpU\;zg;gps;is vt;thW mQ;ryp nra;fpwhh;?‘ ,NaR gpuhd;> fd;dpj;jd;ik mopahj khpahspd; kfdhf ,t;Tyfpy; Njhd;wpdhh;. epiyngw;w mopahj

,t;Tyfj;jpy; thOk; Nfhbf;fzf;fhd caph;fs; midj;Jk; tPLNgw;wpid milAk; nghUl;Lj; mj;jifa,uf;fKs;s topgL flTshfpa ,NaR ngUkhid> ek; ,UiffisAk; jiyNky; J}f;fp $g;gpj; njhOJtzq;FNthk;” vd;W rpYitapy; ghpj;jpahfk; nra;j ,NaR ngUkhidf; fpU\;zg;gps;is mQ;rypnra;fpwhh;.

4. mwpth;f;Fk; mwptdhfpa mUfNjtid ePyNfrp topg;gl;lik vt;thW?mwpQh;fSf;nfy;yhk; rpwe;j mwpQdha; ,Uf;Fk; mUfNjtNd !eP mhpaizapy;mUs;newpNahL mkh;e;jpUg;gha;.

xsptPRk; ntz;ikahd fthpiaf; ifapy; Ve;jp> fe;jUth; cd; ,Ugf;fq;fspYk; epd;W> fthpfismirg;gh;. MNyhfk;> gpugh%h;j;jp> fdg;gpuia Mfpa %d;W jpUnthsp epoy; jUk; kz;byq;fs; xsptPrpf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;. jpq;fisg; Nghd;w tl;ltbtkhd Kf;Filfs; jiyf;F Nky; ftpo;e;J epoy;jUk; Njth;$l;lkhfpaey;y mitapdh; Nfl;L njsptilAk; gb> %d;W Mfkq;fisj; jpUtha; kyh;e;J mUspdha; ! MfNt ! epd;kyubfisg; gzpfpNwd; vd;W mUfNjtid ePyNfrp topgl;lhh;.

~~~~~~~~



27

RªrCWiPôm Rôs



29

ciueil1. cah;jdpr; nrk;nkhop

ghpjpkhw; fiyQh; - tp.Nfh.R+hpa ehuhaz rhj;jphpahh;neLtpdh : 1

1. ,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk; vd;Dk; Kj;jkpo; tifik :

Kd;Diu : njhd;W njhl;Lj; jkpo;nkhop ,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk; vd;Dk; %d;W gphpTfis cilaJ. me;j %tifg;ghFghLfs; Fwpj;J ,e;jf; fl;Liuapy; fhz;Nghk;.

,aw;wkpo; : ,aw;wkpo; vd;gJ jkpopYs;s trdKk; nra;ASkhd E}y;fspd; njhFjpahFk;.

nre;jkpo; - trd E}y;fs;> nra;As; E}y;fs;

nfhLe;jkpo; - trd E}y;fs;>: nra;As; E}y;fs;

Mfpatw;iwNa jkpoh; ,aw;wkpo; vd;wdh;. ,aw;wkpopy; ,yf;fpaq;fs;> ,yf;fzq;fs; Mfpa ahTk; mlq;Fk;.

2. (,irj;jkpo; - tpsf;fk; :

,irj;jkpo; vd;gJ gz;nzhL fye;Jk;

jhsj;NjhL Nrh;e;Jk; mikAk; nra;AshFk;.

nre;jkpo;g; ghl;LfshYk; nfhLe;jkpo;g; ghl;LfshYk;

mike;j ,yf;fpaq;fSk; mtw;wpd; ,yf;fzq;fSkhd

E}y;fspd; njhFjpahFk;.

,irj;jkpopy; mlq;Ftd :

fPh;j;jidfs; Mde;jf; fspg;G

thpg; ghly;fs; Fk;kp

rpe;J njk;khq;F

Kjypad ,irj;jkpopy; mlq;Ftd MFk;.

,irj;jkpo; E}y;fs; - Kw;fhyk; :

ngUehiu

ngUq;FUF

,ir EZf;fk;

jhstifNahj;J

vd;gd Kw;fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;j ,irj; jkpo; E}y;fshFk;.

,ilf;fhy ,irj; jkpo; E}y;fs; :

Njthuk; Kjypad ,ilf;fhyj;jpy; toq;fpa ,irj;jkpo; E}y;fshFk;.

jw;fhy ,irj; jkpo; E}y;fs; :

fe;j Guhzf; fPh;j;jid

nghpa Guhzf; fPh;j;jid

rq;fPj re;jphpif

Kjypad jw;fhyj;jpy; toq;fp tUk; ,irj;jkpo; E}y;fshFk;.

,irj;jkpopd; rpwg;G : ,irj; jkpo; ,y;yhky; ehlfj; jkpo; rpwg;gilahJ. Milaw;w eq;if ntspg;glhJcs;slq;fpNa ,Uf;Fk;.

,irj; jkpopd; ,yf;fzk; :

,irAk; jhsKk; Nrh;e;j nra;Al;fNs ,irj; jkpo; vdg;gLk;.

,tw;Ws; xd;W ,y;iy vd;whYk; mJ ,aw;wkpopy; jhd; mlq;Fk;.) 2

5 . ( ehlfj;jkpo;

ifapy; Gj;jfj;ij vLj;Jg; gbf;f Neukpy;yhj gzpahsh;fSf;Fk;

gbf;fj; njhpajth;fSf;Fk; ey;ywpT Gfl;Lk; Nehf;fj;Jld;

vOe;jNj ehlfj; jkpohFk;.

mJ Nfl;Nghh;f;Fk; fhz;Nghh;f;Fk; ,d;gk; jUtjhy; kf;fs; mijf; fhz tpUk;gpr; nry;fpd;wdh;.



30

ehlfj; jkpopd; rpwg;G :

,aw;wkpo;> ,irj;jkpo; Mfpa ,uz;ilAk; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L gpwe;jNj ehlfj; jkpo;.

,aYk; ,irAk; Nfs;tp ,d;gk; kl;LNk jUtd.

ehlfj;jkpNoh Nfs;tp ,d;gj;Jld; fhl;rp ,d;gKk; jUfpwJ.

NkYk;> mJ cs;sij cs;sthNw fhl;LfpwJ.

,jdhy;jhd; gpwehl;ltUk; gpwnkhopg; Gyth;fSk; ehlfj;ij Nkd;ik ciladthf kjpf;fpd;wdh;.) 3

KbTiu :

,t;thW ,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk; vd;Dk; Kj;jkpo; tifik Fwpj;J Kj;J Kj;jhd fUj;Jfisg; ghpjpkhw; fiyQh;njhptpj;Js;shh;.

neLtpdh 2 :

jkpo; cah; jdpr; nrk;nkhop

Kd;Diu : tlnkhop> ,yj;jPd;> fphPf; Kjypa nkhopfisg; Nghd;W jkpo; nkhopAk; cah;jdpr; nrk;nkhopNa vd;gij,e;jf; fl;Liuapy; fhz;Nghk;.

6 . (cah;nkhop - tpsf;fk; :

jhd; toq;Fk; ehl;by; cs;s nkhopfs; vy;yhtw;iwAk; tpl cah;thd>

Nkd;ik cila nkhopNa cah;nkhop MFk;.

jkpOf;Fg; nghUe;Jk; tpjk; :

jkpo; nkhopahdJ njYq;F> fd;dlk;> kiyahsk;> JS Kjypa nkhopfis tpl cah;thdJ. goikahd,yf;fz ,yf;fpaq;fshy; Nkd;ik cilaJ. vdNt> jkpo; nkhop cah;nkhopNa MFk;.

jdpnkhop - tpsf;fk; :

jdpj;J ,aq;Fk; Mw;wy; cila nkhopNa jdpnkhop MFk;.

jhd; gpw nkhopfSf;Fr; nra;Ak; cjtp kpFe;Jk;

gpw nkhopfsplk; ,Ue;J jhd; ngWk; cjtp Fiwe;Jk;

,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ tof;fkhFk;.

jkpOf;Fg; nghUe;Jk; tpjk; :

,e;j mbg;gilapy; ghh;j;jhy; jkpo; nkhopapd; cjtp ,y;yhky; njYq;F> fd;dlk;> kiyahsk;> JS Nghd;wnkhopfs; ,aq;fh. Mdhy; jkpo; nkhopahdJ gpw nkhopfspd; cjtp ,y;yhky; jdpj;J ,dpNj ,aq;ff; $baJ.,e;jpa nkhop E}w; Gyth;fSk; Vw;Wf; nfhz;l cz;ik ,J. MfNt> jkpo; nkhop jdp nkhopNa MFk;.) 6

7 . (nrk;nkhop - tpsf;fk; :

„jpUe;jpa gz;Gk; rPh;j;j (rpwe;j) ehfhpfKk; nghUe;jpa

J}a;nkhop Gfy; nrk;nkhop…ahk; vd;gJ ,yf;fzk;.

jpUe;jpa gz;Gk; rpwe;j ehfhpfKk; cila nkhopNa nrk;nkhop vd;gJ E}yhh; tFj;j ,yf;fzk; MFk;.

jpUe;jpa gz;G :- ,lh;g;gl;l nrhy; KbTfSk; nghUs; KbTfSk; ,y;yhky;

nrhy;gth; nrhy;yf; fUjpaijf; Nfl;gth; njspthf

czuf; $bajhf nkhop ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

gioad fope;J> Gjpad GFe;J> jpUj;jk;

cilajhf nkhop ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

,itjhk; jpUe;jpa gz;G vd;gjd; ,yf;fzk;. jkpo; nkhopf;F ,g;gz;G nghUe;Jtjhy; jkpo; nkhop jpUe;jpa gz;GilankhopahFk;.

rPh;j;j ehfhpfk; :

ehl;bd; tsh;r;rpf;F Vw;g nrhw;fs; Gjpjhfj; Njhd;w Ntz;Lk;.

mt;thW Njhd;Wk; nrhw;fs; gpwnkhop fythky; jd; nrhw;fshf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

jkpo; nkhopf;F ,J Kw;wpYk; nghUe;Jtjhy; jkpo; nkhopahd rpwe;j ehfhpfk; cila nkhopahFk;.

jpUe;jpa gz;Gk; rpwe;j ehfhpfKk; cilajhy; jkpo; nkhop nrk;nkhopNa MFk;.) 7

KbTiu : ,t;thW ve;j tifapy; Muha;e;J ghh;j;jhYk; jkpo; nkhopahdJ „cah;jdpr; nrk;nkhopNa … vd;gJepr;rakhFk;.



31

2. ,irj;jkpo; vd;gJ ahJ? ,irj; jkpo; E}y;fs; ahit?

3. ehlfj; jkpo; Fwpj;J Mrphpah; $Wtd ahit?

6. jkpo; - jdpnkhop> cah;nkhop tpsf;Ff.

7. nrk;nkhopapd; ,yf;fzk; ahJ? mt;tpyf;fzk; jkpOf;Fg; nghUe;Jtij epWTf.

ngUtpdh :

1. nre;jkpo; ehL :

1. re;jd kuq;fs; epiwe;j nghjpif kiyapy; ,Ue;J jkpo; tsh;j;j mfj;jpa KDtUk;

2. nrse;ju ghz;bad; vd;Dk; jkpo; kd;dUk;

3. rq;fg; Gyth;fSk;

jioj;J ,dpNj tho;e;j kq;fyj; jd;ik cila ghz;ba tsehLjhd; nre;jkpo; ehL vd;W miof;fg;gl;lJ.

‘nre;jkpo; ehNl

re;jdg; nghjpar; nre;jkpo; KdptDQ;

nrse;ju ghz;ba ndDe;jkpo; ehlDQ;

rq;fg; GytUk; jioj;jpdp jpUf;Fk;

kq;fyg; ghz;ba tseh nld;g”

nfhLe;jkpo; ehL :

1. njd; ghz;b ehL 5. NtzhL 9. mUth tljiy ehL

2. Fl;l ehL 6. G+opehL 10. rPjehL

3. FlehL 7. gd;wp ehL 11. kiyakhd; ehL

4. fw;fhehL 8. mUth ehL 12. Gdy; ehL

nre;jkpo; epyj;ijr; Nrh;e;j ,e;jg; gd;dpuz;L FWepyq;fSk; Fw;wkpy;yhf; nfhLe;jkpo; ehlhFk;.

njd;ghz;b Fl;lq; Flq;fw;fh Ntz;G+op

gd;wpaUth tjd;tlf;F - ed;wha

rPjkyhL GddhL nre;jkpo;Nrh;

Vjkpy; gd;dpU ehl; nlz;”

,itNa nre;jkpo; ehL> nfhLe;jkpo; ehL vd;w gphpTfs; gw;wpg; ghpjpkhw; fiyQh; ciug;gdthFk;.

4. jkpo; nkhopapd; kPJ gw;wpy;yhj jkpoh;fisg; ghpjpkhw; fiyQh; fbe;Jiug;gJ ahq;qdk;?

Jzpe;Jiu : Mq;fpyk; fw;w jkpoh;fspy; gyh; jkJ jha;nkhopahd „jkpiof; fw;f Ntz;baJ mtrpak; md;W…vd;fpd;wdh;. mjw;F mth;fs; $Wk; fhuzk; jkf;F Ntz;ba nra;jpfs; midj;Jk; Mq;fpyj;jpNyNa fpilf;fpd;wdvd;gjhFk;.

mj;jifNahh; Mq;fpyj;jpd; rpwg;igf; $WtNjhL

epWj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;LNk jtpu „jkpiof;

fw;f Ntz;baJ mtrpak; md;W… vd;W $WtJ

mwpahikNahL $Wk; Jzpe;JiuahFk;.

fbe;Jiu : ,J jha;ehl;Lg; gw;Wk; jha;nkhopg; gw;Wk; mw;wth; $w;whFk;. Mq;fpNyah; ehl;Lg; gw;Wk; nkhopg; gw;Wk;kpFe;jth;fs;. ,e;j ,uz;L gw;Wk; ,y;yhjth;fis mth;fs; kjpf;f khl;lhh;fs;.

gpwnkhop ty;Yeh;fs; jkpopd; kPJ Mh;tk; nfhz;L>

jkpiof; fw;W> jkpo; E}y;fisj; jq;fs; nkhopapy;

nkhop ngah;j;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wdh;. ,ij vy;yhk;

ghh;j;j gpwfhtJ „jkpo;f; fy;tp mtrpak; md;W…

vd;W $WNthh;f;Fg; Gj;jp tul;Lk;.

,t;thW jkpopd; kPJ gw;wpy;yhj jkpoh;fisg; ghpjpkhw; fiyQh; fbe;Jiuf;fpwhh;.

5. jkpio cs;ehl;L nkhopfNshL xg;g itj;J tifg;gLj;Jjy; MfhJ :

jkpOf;F ,opT : jkpo;ehl;by; Mq;fpNyah; Ml;rp Vw;gl;l gpd;dh; jha;nkhopahfpa jkpo;nkhopia mjd;topnkhopfshfpa njYq;F> fd;dlk;> kiyahsk;> JS Mfpatw;NwhL mlf;fp „cz;zhl;L nkhopfs;… vd;W rpyh;



32

tifg;gLj;jpdh;.

jdpnkhopahfpa jkpo; nkhopia mjd; topnkhopfNshL

xg;gpLtJ jkpo;nkhopf;F ,opitj; jUtjhFk;.

jkpOf;F chpa kjpg;gspf;f Ntz;Lk;

mwpQh;fs; Mhpa nkhopfspy; jiyrpwe;j tlnkhopia mjd; topnkhopfNshL (kuhl;b> F[uhj;jp>ngq;fhyp) xd;whf itj;J vz;zhh;. mJNghyNt> jkpo; nkhopiaAk; mjd; topnkhopfNshL xd;whf itj;Jvz;zf; $lhJ. jdpnkhopahd jkpOf;F chpa kjpg;gspf;f Ntz;Lk;.

tha; Ngrhik :

nrd;idg; gy;fiyf; fofk; jkpio „cz;zhl;L nkhopfs;…

vd;W tifg;gLj;jpa NghNj mt;thW tifg;gLj;jf;

$lhJ vd;W jkpo;nkhop Mh;tyh; kWj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

jkpopd; ,opepiyiag; Nghf;fpapUf;f Ntz;Lk;. mg;NghJ Ngrhky; ,Ue;J tpl;ldh; jkpo;nkhopahsh;.

,t;thW jkpio cz;zhl;L (cs;ehl;L) nkhopfNshL xg;gpl;L tifg;gLj;jy; MfhJ vd;fpwhh; ghpjpkhw;fiyQh;.

--------------

cileil : ghlk; - 2. rkurk;.jpU. tp. fypahz Re;judhh;

1. cyfpy; rkurk; guthikf;Ff; fhuzq;fshfj; jpU.tp.f. $Wtd ahit?

rkurj;ijg; gw;wp vOe;j Ngr;RfSk; vOj;JfSk; kiynadTk; flnydTk; cs;sd. cyfpy; Njhd;wpa mwpQh;gyUk; rkurj;ijNa mwpTWj;jp nrd;wdh;. Mdhy;> cyfk; mjw;Fr; nrtp rha;f;ftpy;iy.

kdpjdplj;jpy; Fbnfhz;Ls;s mOf;fhW (nghwhik)>

mth (Mir)> ntFsp (Nfhgk;) Kjypad

kdpjidr; rkur Qhdp Mf;Ftjpy;iy.

rkurj;ijg; gw;wpg; NgRtJk; vOJtJk; vspJ. Mdhy;> mij eilKiwf;Ff; nfhz;LtUtNjh mhpJ.

kdpjd; mOf;fhW Kjypa Nga;fshy; njhlug;gl;L ,lh;g;gLk; tiu mtd; rkur Qhdpahjy; mhpjpYk; mhpJ.

vdNt> kdpjd; rkurj;ijg; gw;wpg; NgRtijf; fhl;bYk; mij eilKiwapy; nfhz;Ltu Kay;tNjmwpTilikahFk;.

2. ehL vd;Dk; gw;why; rkurj;ij ,og;gJ gw;wpj; jpU.tp.f. ciug;gd ahit?

gpwehl;il tUj;Jjy; :

xUtd; jhd; gpwe;j ehl;ilj; jha;Nghy; Nerpf;fyhk;. Mdhy;> me;j Nerj;ij itj;J> vf;fhuzk; nfhz;Lk;kw;w ehLfisj; Jd;GWj;jf; $lhJ. fly;fSk; kiyfSk; fhLfSk; gpwTk; ehLfisg; gphpf;fpd;wd. ,g;gphpitf;nfhz;L> xU ehl;lhh; ,d;ndhU ehl;lhiu tUj;Jjy; $lhJ.

Nky; ehl;lhh; jhk; gpwe;j ehl;bd; nghUl;Lg; gpwehLfisg; gw;Wtjpy;

jpwik tha;e;jth; ƒ gpwehl;ltiu tUj;Jtjw;Nf Mfha tpkhdq;fisAk;

ePh;%o;fpf; fg;gy;fisAk; er;Rf; fhw;iwAk; gpwtw;iwAk; fz;lwpe;jdh;”.

kw;wtiuAk; kjpf;f Ntz;Lk; :

jq;fs; ehl;ilNa flTsha;f; fUJk; ,th;fSf;F gpw ehl;lthplKk; flTs; ,Uj;jy; Gydhtjpy;iy.kw;wth;f;Fk; grp Kjypad cz;L vd;gij mth;fs; rpe;jpj;Jg; ghh;g;gjpy;iy.

„vy;yh ehl;ltUk; ek; rNfhjuh;fNs ‚…

vd;gij czuhj gyh; „ehL… vd;Dk; gw;why; rkurj;ij ,of;fpd;wdh;.

3. rhjpf; nfhLik> rka ntwp Kjypad rkur czh;itf; Fiyg;gdthk; - ,f;fUj;ijj; jpU.tp.f. top epd;W Ma;f.

rhjpf; nfhLik :

‘gpwg;gpy; cah;T jho;T fUJjy; jtW ƒ

gpwg;gpy; cah;T jho;T fUJk; ngUq;Fw;wk;

ekJ ehl;Lf;Nf rpwg;ghf cz;L.”

gpwg;ghy; cah;T jho;T fUJk; cs;sj;jpy; xUNghJk; rkurr;; rhay; gluhJ. vy;yhf; nfhLikfspYk; jiyahaJ



33

rhjpf; nfhLik. rhjpf; nfhLikfisf; fisa> rhd;Nwhh; ngUKaw;rp nra;jdh;. Mdhy;> mk;Kaw;rpfs; ahTk;tpoYf;F ,iwj;j ePh;Nghd;W tPzhapd.

rkantwp :

xUtdpd; rkantwp> flTs; md;igf; nfLf;Fk; ƒ

mtd; rkantwpahy; jd; rkaj;jpd; kPJ gw;Wf; nfhz;L

Vida rkaj;jhiu epe;jpf;fpwhd;. (gopf;fpwhd;)

,e;j epiy kpFe;j mwpahikNa MFk;.

‘rkak; vd;gJ xd;Nw ƒ

mJNt rkurk; vd;gjhFk;.”

gy rka czh;Tk; jd; rkag;gw;Wk; rkurj;ij mopj;J tpLfpd;wd. Mjyhy;> rkantwp $lhJ vd;fpwhh; jpU.tp.f.

II. neLtpdh :

2. „ehL> rhjp> rkak; ,tw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L rkur czh;tpdpd;W khWgLjy; jtwhk;… vd;W jpU.tp.f.thjpLtij tpsf;Ff. tpil. : 2> 3

4. ekJ ehl;by; ePz;l fhykhf epfo;e;J tUk; ngUq;nfhiy :

ekJ ehl;by; ePz;lfhykhf xU ngUq;nfhiy epfo;e;J tUfpwJ. mf;nfhiy cyfpw;Fj; njhptjpy;iy. mjhtJnghpNahh; mwpTWj;jpa nfhs;iffisf; Fop Njhz;bg; Gijj;J tpl;L> mth;fs; cUtj;ij kl;Lk; topghL nra;tJ>,e;jg; ngha;nahOf;fk; ePz;l fhyk; tof;fpy; ,Ue;J tUfpwJ.

‘rhj;jpuk; gy NgRk; rof;fh;fhs; ‚

Nfhj;jpuKk; FyKk; nfhz;L vd; nra;tPh;?” vd;Wk;

‘rhjp> Fyk;> gpwg;G vd;Dk; Ropg;gl;Lj; jLkhWk;” vd;Wk;

$wpr; nrd;w nghpNahh;fis topgLNthh; rhjp NtWghL ghh;g;gJ Ntjid. rhjpiaf; flTshfTk; rkakhfTk;fUJk; ,th;fs; rkurj;ij typAWj;jpr; nrd;w nghpNahu;fis topgLtjw;Fg; nghUSz;lh? ntWk; cUtj;ijkl;Lk; topgLtJ topghlhFkh? nghpNahh; mwpTWj;jpa newp epd;W tho;tJjhNd cz;ikahd topghL?

ek;ehl;lth; Kd;Ndhh; mwpTWj;jpa nfhs;ifiaf; fy;yiwapl;Lg; Gijj;J tpl;L> mth;fspd;cUtq;fis kl;Lk; topgLtjpy; Ngh; ngw;wth; Mth;. ,j;jifa ngha;nahOf;fKk; tQ;ridAk; tsh;e;J tUk;ehl;bw;F MfhJ.

,JNt> ekJ ehl;by; ePz;l fhykhf epfo;e;J tUk; ngUq;nfhiy vd;W jpU.tp.f. tUe;jp ciug;gjhFk;.

-----------------

3. ftpijNguhrphpah; itahGhpg; gps;is

1. ftpij vd;gJ ahJ?

Nfhyhpl;[; :

‘nrhw;fisr; rpwe;j Kiwapy; itg;gJ trdk;.

rpwe;j nrhw;fisr; rpwe;j Kiwapy; itg;gJ ftpij.”

,t;thW Nfhyhpl;[; vd;gth; ftpij vd;gjw;F tpsf;fk; mspj;jhh;.

Nthh;l;];nthh;j; :

ftpij vd;gJ ahJ? vd;w tpdhtpw;F Nthh;l;];nthh;j; mspj;j tpsf;fk; cyfg; Gfo; ngw;wJ.

‘Mw;wy; epuk;gpa nrhw;fs; jhkhfg; nghq;fp

tUtJjhd; ftpij” vd;gNj mth; fUj;J.

Mw;wy; epuk;gpa nrhw;fs; vg;NghJ ntspg;gLfpd;wd?

Nfhgj;jpy; jhd; ntspg;gLfpd;wd. mg;gbahdhy; Nfhgj;jpy; ntspg;gLk; Mw;wy; epuk;gpa nrhw;fs; ftpij MFkh?,jid tpsf;f> „Kd;G vOe;j Xh; czh;r;rpg; ngUf;if kPz;Lk; rhe;j epiyapypUe;J epidtpw;Ff; nfhz;L tUk;NghJjhd; ftpij Njhd;WfpwJ” vd;whh; mth;.

2. ftpijapd; ,ay;Gfs; ahit?

fPl;]; :

1. ‘fhy;tha; ,y;yhj ,lj;jpy; nga;Ak; xsp kioNa ftpij”



34

2. ‘Mw;wypd; rpfuk;”

3. ‘Mw;wy; jdJ tyg;Gaj;jpy; jiy rha;j;J ghjp cwq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; epiyNa ftpij”

,it ftpQh; fPl;]; vd;gth; ftpijapd; ,ay;Gfshff; $wpadthFk;.

[hd;u];fpd; : [hd;u];fpd; vd;gth;

‘rPupa czh;r;rpf;Fhpa fhuzq;fisg; ghtdh rf;jpahy; Fwpg;gLtNj ftpij”

vd;W ftpijapd; ,ay;igf; $wpdhh;.

Mq;fpyg; Ngufuhjp : nra;As; tbtpy; ,aw;wg;gLtNj ftpij vd;W ftpijapd; ,ay;G Fwpj;J Mq;fpyg; Ngufuhjp$WfpwJ.

gtze;jp Kdpth; :

‘gy;tif cWg;Gfisf; nfhz; cly;

capUf;F Mjhukhf ,Ug;gJ Nghy

gy;tifr; nrhw;fshy; nghUSf;F ,ldhf

nra;As; ,aw;w ty;Nyhh; moFwr; nra;tNj (ftpij) nra;As;”

vd;W gtze;jp Kdpth; ftpijf;F ,yf;fzk; tFj;Js;shh;.

3 . ftpijf;Fhpa ey;ypay;Gfshff; fk;gh; $Wtd.

‘GtpapDf; fzpaha; Md;w nghUs;je;J Gyj;jpw; whfp

mtpafj; Jiwfs; jhq;fp Ie;jpiz newpa shtpr;

rtpAwj; njspe;J jz;nzd; nwhOf;fKk; jOtpr; rhd;Nwhh;

ftpnadf; fple;j Nfhjh thpapid tPuh; fz;lhh;”

1. epyj;jpw;F mofhf mika Ntz;Lk;.

2. mwpT ,Jjhd; vdr; Rl;l Ntz;Lk;.

3. mfj;Jiwfisg; ngw;wpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

4. rpwe;j nghUisj; ju Ntz;Lk;.

5. Ie;J jpizfspd; top elj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

6. ftpij moFld; mika Ntz;Lk;.

7. ftpij vd;gJ njspthf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

8. ftpij Xh; xOq;Fld; mika Ntz;Lk;.

,t;thW> fk;gh; ftpijf;Fhpa ey;ypay;Gfisf; Nfhjhthp Mw;iwr; rpwg;gpf;Fk; tifapy; ciuf;fpwhh;.

4. nra;As; eiliaf; ifahSjy; gw;wp itahGhpg; gps;is njhptpg;gd ahit?

nra;As; eil : nra;ASk; ahg;Gk; clYk; capUk; Nghy mikjy; Ntz;Lk;. fUj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkw;w ahg;Gfis,aw;WtJ kl;Lk; ,d;gk; juhJ. ,d;d fUj;Jf;F ,d;d nra;As;jhd; nghUe;Jk; vd;gijr; rpwe;jftpQh;fsplkpUe;Nj njhpe;J nfhs;s KbAk;.

rhd;W : jpUkzj;ij tUzpf;Fk; mbfspy; kpLf;Fk; moFk; ,d;g czh;r;rpAk; juf;$ba nra;As; tifiaf;ifahs Ntz;Lk;. tPur; Ritiaf; $Wk; ,lq;fspy; mjw;Nfw;w nra;As; eiliaf; ifahs Ntz;Lk;.

fk;gd; ftp : fk;gidg; Nghd;w ngUq;ftpQh;fis mbf;fb fw;W> ey;y gapw;rp ngWtJ ftpijapd; rPhpa ,ay;Gfisehk; mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;Fg; ngUe;Jiz GhpAk;.

******ciueil - ghlk; - 4 tho;f;if

,stofdhh;

1. goe;jkpoh; Nkw;nfhz;l njhopy;fisg; gw;wp vOJf.

goe;jkpoh; Nkw;nfhz;l njhopy;fs;

,y;tho;f;ifapy; tho;thh;f;Fg; nghUs; NjLtJ xU flik. mjw;fhfg; goe;jkpoh; gw;gy njhopy;fisnkw;nfhz;ldh;. coT> thzpfk;> nerT Kjypait mtw;Ws; rpythFk;.

FwpQ;rp epy kf;fs;

kiyAk; kiy rhh;e;j gFjpAk; FwpQ;rp epykhFk;. me;jg; gFjpfspy; tho;e;j kf;fs; Njd; vLg;gJ> jpidtpijg;gJ> fpoq;F mfo;tJ Nghd;w njhopy;fis Nkw;nfhz;ldh;.



35

Ky;iy epy kf;fs;

fhLk; fhL rhh;e;j gFjpAk; Ky;iy epykhFk;. me;jg; gFjpfspy; tho;e;j kf;fs; epiu Nka;g;gJ> ghy; filtJ>tuF tpistpg;gJ Nghd;w njhopy;fis Nkw;nfhz;ldh;.

kUj epy kf;fs;

taYk; tay; rhh;e;j ,lKk; kUj epykhFk;. me;jg; gFjpfspy; tho;e;j kf;fs; coT nra;tJ> efh; mikg;gJ>Ml;rp GhptJ Nghd;w njhopy;fis Nkw;nfhz;ldh;.

nea;jy; epy kf;fs;

flYk; fly; rhh;e;j gFjpAk; nea;jy; epykhFk;. me;jg; gFjpfspy; tho;e;j kf;fs; Kj;Jf; Fspj;jy;> cg;Gtpistpj;jy;> kuf;fyj;jpy; Vwp miyflypy; nrd;W thzpfk; nra;jy; Nghd;w njhopy;fis Nkw;nfhz;ldh;.

,t;thW> mq;fq;F tho;e;j goe;jkpoh; me;je;j ,lq;fSf;Fj; jFe;j njhopy;fis Nkw;nfhz;ldh;.

2. goe;jkpo; khe;jh; ngUKaw;rpiaNa kjpj;J tho;e;jdh; - tpsf;Ff.

Nt&d;wpa nfhs;if

xt;nthUtUk; VNjDk; xU njhopy; nra;Nj nghUs; NjLtJ vd;Dk; nfhs;if goe;jkpohpilNaNt&d;wpapUe;jJ. ,uj;jiy ,opthff; fUjpdh;. ,uthjpUf;Fk; epiyiag; ‘gpwd;fil nryhmr; nry;tk;” vd;W$wp kfpo;e;jdh;. Mf;fSf;F ePh; Ntz;b ,ug;gJk; ,opthff; fUjg;gl;lJ. jd; Kaw;rpahy; tUk; nghUisNaxUtd; nryT nra;tjw;F chpatd; vd;Dk; Nkd;ikahd nfhs;ifia mth;fs; filg;gpbj;J tho;e;jdh;.

vspa Kaw;rp

taypy; jd; tisapd; mUfpNyNa tpise;J tpOe;J fplf;Fk; new;gapiu vyp fwpj;Jj; jd; tisf;Fs; Nrh;j;Jf;nfhs;Sk;. mJ Nghd;w vspa Kaw;rp cila kf;fis Kd;Ndhh; nghpJk; mUtUj;jdh;.

ngUKaw;rp

Gyp jhd; nry;Yk; Ntfj;jpdhy; jdJ ,lg;gf;fj;jpy; tPo;e;J fplf;Fk; gd;wpiar; rpwpJk; fz;nzLj;Jg; ghuhJ.kWehs; nghpa ahidNahL Nghhpl;L> mjid tyg;gf;fj;jpy; tPo;j;jp> mjidNa czthff; nfhs;Sk;. ,j;jifaGypiag; Nghd;w ngUKaw;rp cila kf;fisNa goe;jkpoh; nghpJk; kjpj;Jg; Nghw;wpdh;.

goe;jkpohpd; nfhs;if

jkJ nrayhy; tUtNj MapDk; vspa Kaw;rpahy; tUtij Kd;Ndhh; Nkd;ikahf kjpj;jpyh;. jhk; nghpJk;Kad;W Njba nghUisNa jkf;F chpajhff; fUJk; nfhs;ifAld; tho;e;jdh;.

2. gz;ilj; jkpoh; edpehfhpfuhf tpsq;fpaik Fwpj;Jk; caph;f;Fzq;fisg; Nghw;wp tho;e;jik Fwpj;Jk; vOJf.

1.2 ehfhpfg; ghd;ik

‘Ke;ij ,Ue;J el;Nlhh; nfhLg;gpd; eQ;Rk; cz;gh; edpeh fhpfh;” - ew;wpiz

jk;NkhL gofpath;fs; jkf;F eQ;R nfhLg;gpDk; jk;kth;fs; vd;Dk; vz;zj;jhy; mjid cz;ldh;. mth;fNshLnjhlh;e;J gofpdh; vd;fpwJ ew;wpiz.

cah;e;j cs;sk;

,e;j Nkd;ikia mwpe;J ek; cs;sk; cUFfpwJ. ,j;jifa kdg;ghd;ikiaj;jhd; ek; Kd;Ndhh; ey;y ehfhpfk;vd;W fUjpdh; vd;why; mth;fs; cs;sk;jhd; vt;tsT cah;e;jJ ‚ jk;ikg; Nghd;w kf;fsplj;jpy; caph;Neak;,y;yhjtiu „ehfhpfh;… vd;W nrhy;tjw;F topapy;iyad;Nwh ‚ Mdhy; goe;jkpoNuh edp ehfhpfuha;j; jpfo;e;Js;sdh;‚.1.2

7. nrg;Gj;jpUNkdpfspd; nghw;fhyk; vJ? Vd;?

nrg;Gj; jpUNkdpfspd; nghw;fhyk; vdr; Nrhoh; fhyj;ijf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. vz;zpf;ifapYk; mjpf mstpy;Nrhoh; fhyj;jpy;jhd; nra;ag;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. nrk;gpad; khNjtp Nghd;w Nrhog; Nguurpfs;> nrg;Gj; jpUNkdpfs;nra;jspg;gijj; jhk; ,k;kz;Zyfpy; gpwe;jjd; flik vd;W vz;zpr; nra;jspj;jpUf;fpd;whh;fs; NghYk;. Nrhoh;fhyj;jpa nrg;Gj; jpUNkdpfs; fiy moFk; flTs; jd;ikAk; nghUe;jpait. caph;ngw;nwOe;J tpl;ldNth vdvz;Zk; mstpw;F cah;e;j gilg;Gfs;> rptd; %h;j;jq;fSk;> jpUkhy; %h;j;jq;fSk; mit vt;thW nra;ag;glNtz;Lnkd;W Mfk E}y;fspy; Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sdNth mjd;gb nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. xt;nthU jpUNkdpapYk;mf;fhyr; rpw;gpapd; ifj;jpwd; gspr;rpLtijf; fhz KbfpwJ.

8. jkpo; kd;dh; tsh;j;j Xtpaf; fiyfis vq;nfq;Ff; fhzyhk;?

fhzg;gLk; ,lq;fs;

jkpo; kd;dh; tsh;j;j Xtpaq;fis mth;fs; fl;ba Nfhapy;fspd; Eiothapypd; ,U gf;fq;fspYk; fUg;gf;fpufr;Rth;fspYk; gpufhuq;fspYk; tpjhdj;jpYk; fhzyhk;. ,t;thW jPl;lg;gl;l Xtpaq;fs; khz;̂ h;f; Fiffspd; ntsp



36

kz;lyj;jpYk; fhQ;rpGuk; ifyhrehjh; Nfhapy;> gdkiyf; Nfhapy;> jQ;irg; ngUTilahh; Nfhapy; Kjypa gy,lq;fspYk; fhzg;ngWfpd;wd.

gdkiy Xtpak;

gdkiyapy; cs;s kz;lgj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; vopyhd Mly; kfspd; Xtpak; kpfr; rpwg;G tha;e;jJ. ,e;j Xtpaj;jpy;mike;j tz;zr; nrwpTk; czh;r;rpg; nghypTk; fhz;Nghh; cs;sj;ijf; fth;td. ,t;thW jkpof kd;dh;fs; Xtpaf;fiyiaf; ftpd;kpF Kiwapy; tsh;e;jjhy; Xtpaf; fiy ,d;Wk; cah;e;j epiyapy; cs;sJ.

6 . mWKiw tho;j;J - tpsf;Ff.

tho;j;J

tho;j;Jtjd; gad; tsKld; tho;tjw;Nf ‚ kf;fs; tho;NthL njhlh;Gila nghUs;fis tho;j;JtJ njhd;Wnjhl;L tUk; kughFk;. mt;thW tho;j;jg;gLk; MW nghUs;fspy; MTk; xd;W.

mWKiw tho;j;J

„mWKiw tho;j;J… vd;Dk; njhy;fhg;gpag; gFjpAiuapy; „KdptUk; ghh;g;ghUk; MdpiuAk; kioAk; KbAilNte;jUk; cyFk;… vd;Dk; mWtiu tho;j;jy; vd;W er;rpdhh;f;fpdpah; $wpAs;shh;. kf;fs; ey;tho;tpw;F MTk; xUfhuzk; vd;gij czh;e;jjhy; jkpoh; mjidAk; tho;j;jpAs;sdh;.

7 . M. nja;tj; jd;ik cilaJ :

epiu fth;jy;

M. m‡wpiz caph;jhd;. MapDk; cah;jpiz capuhfpa kdpjid tplTk; J}a;ik cilajhf nja;tj;jd;ikcilajhff; fUjg;gl;lJ. xU ehl;bYs;s Mepiu fs;tuhNyh giftuhNyh ftug;gl;lhy; mJ J}a;ikf; NflhfTk;Nghpog;ghfTk; fUjg;gl;lJ. mJNt fLk;NghUf;Ff; fhuzkhdJ. ey;yhl;rp elj;Jk; kd;dd; $l Ntw;W ehl;ilf;ifg;gw;w tpUk;gpdhy; me;ehl;L Mepiuiaj; jd; tPuh;fs; %yk; fth;e;J tur; nra;J ghJfhj;jhd;.

ngUq;Fw;wk;

Md;kb mWj;jy; khngUq; Fw;wkhkff; fUjg;gl;lJ. Mf;nfhiyNah mij tplg; ngUq;Fw;wk; vd;W fUjg;gl;lJ.

topghL

Mtpw;Ff; Nfhay; fl;b topgl;l tuyhW gFj;jwpT ,y;yhj fhyj;jpy; epfo;e;jJ. Mtpw;Ff; Nfh vd;Dk; ngaUk;cz;L. Nfhkhjhitj; jq;fs; Fykhjhthf vz;zp topgl;ldh;.

,tw;wpd; %yk; M nja;tj;jd;ik cilaJ vd;gij czuyhk;.

8 . Nfhtd; ,ilad;

Ky;iy epyj;J ,ilaUf;F M vd;Dk; ngahpypUe;J Mah; vd;Dk; ngah; Vw;gl;lJ. mJNghyNt Mtpw;Ff;„Nfh… vd;Dk; ngaUk; cz;L.

Nfh + md; = Nfhtd;

Mtpw;Fhpa „Nfh… vd;Dk; ngaNuhL „md;… vd;Dk; Mz;ghy; tpFjp Nrh;e;J „Nfhtd;… vd;Dk; ngauhdJ.

Nfhtd; vd;gJ> ,ilaidf; Fwpf;Fk;. FWfp Nfhd; ƒ vd;whdJ. mjDld; Mz;ghy; tpFjpahfpa „Md;…Nrh;e;J Nfhd; + Md; = Nfhdhd; (,ilad;) vd;w nrhy; te;jJ.

Nfh - murd;

Nfhtd; vd;gjd; filrp vOj;Jfs; nfl;L Nrh vd epd;W muridf; Fwpj;jJ. Fbkf;fs; Mf;fisg; Nghd;wth; ƒmurd; Maidg; Nghd;wtd;. vdNt> murd; Nfhtd; vdg;gl;lhd;. „NfhtDk; kf;fSk;… vd;W rPtfrpe;jhkzpapy;tUk; njhlhpy; Nfhtd; vd;gJ muridf; Fwpf;fpwJ.

Nka;g;gh;

murd; ifapy; cs;s nrq;Nfhy; murd; Mad; Nghd;wtd; vd;Dk; fUj;ij typAWj;JfpwJ. ,jdhy; jhd;fpwpj;jthpd; rka Mrphpah; (,NaR fpwj;J) „Nka;g;gh;… vd;W miof;fg;gl;lhh;.

Nfhtd; - rptd;

flTs; midj;J cyfpw;Fk; murh;> Mad; Mepiuiaf; fhg;gJ Nfhy ,iwtd; kf;fisf; fhg;ghw;wp tUtjhy;,iwtDk; Nfhtd; vdg;gl;lhd;. mfehD}W - epj;jpyf; NfhitAs; Nfhtd; vd;w nrhy; rptidf; Fwpf;fpwJ.,t;thW M vd;Dk; nrhy;Ny muridAk; nja;tj;ijAk; Fwpf;Fk; „Nfh… MdJ vd;W ghthzh; njhptpf;fpwhh;?



37

neLtpdh

II. 2. ek; goe;jkpo; khe;jh; filg;gpbj;J xOfpa xw;Wik czh;Tk; <ifAk; Fwpj;J vOJf.

xw;Wik czh;T

goe;jkpo; khe;jh; gw;gy njhopy;fis cilath;fshf ,Ue;jdh;. vdpDk;> vy;yhUk; xU jha; tapw;wpy; gpwe;jJNghyNt xUtUf;nfhUth; NtWghL ,y;yhky; cah;e;j md;G tho;f;if tho;e;jdh;. vy;yhUk; ,e;ehl;L kf;fs;vy;yhUf;Fk; xU jkpo; nkhop chpaJ. vy;yh Ch;fSk; Xh; Ch; Nghd;wNj vd;Dk; xw;Wik vz;zk; mth;fsplk;NkNyhq;fp ,Ue;jJ. ‘ahJk; CNu ahtUq; Nfsph;” vd;gJ mth;fspd; jPh;khdkhd nfhs;if.

fsq;fkw;w mofpa cs;sk;

vy;yhUk; xd;whf mkh;e;J czT cz;gh;. jkf;Fs; fye;j cwNthL jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;tJk; cz;L.jkpoh; xUtUf;nfhUth; cwtpduhfNt ,Ue;jdh;. ,jdhy; mth;fSf;F vy;yhUila cjtpfSk; fpilj;jd.epiyahd njhopy;> fiyahj cwT Mfpatw;why; ftiyapd;wp xw;Wikahf kfpo;e;J tho;e;jdh;. ,J mth;fsJfsq;fkw;w mofpa cs;sj;ij vLj;Jf;fhl;LfpwJ.

<ifg; gz;G

I. 5. xUtNuhL xUth; Ngrp kfpoTk; tpUe;Njhk;gp thoTk; jhKk; MjuNthL tho;tjw;Fk; ,y;tho;f;ifNa rpwe;jJvd;W goe;jkpoh; fUjpdh;. ,ad;wtiu gpwUf;F cjtp tho Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj mth;fspd; vz;zk;. jkpo; khe;jh;xt;nthUtUk; VNjDk; xU njhopy; nra;Nj nghUs; Njbdh;. ,uj;jiyr; rpWikahfTk; <jiyg; ngUikahfTk;fUjpdh;. mt;thW jhq;fs; Kad;W Njbajhy; tUk; nghUisNa gpwUf;F <e;jdh;. ,uthjpUf;Fk; epiyiag;‘gpwd;filr; nryhmr; nry;tk;” vd;W $wp kfpo;e;jdh;. Mf;fSf;F (gRf;fSf;F) ePh; Ntz;Lnkd;W ,ug;gJk;,opthff; fUjg;gl;lJ.

nfhs;if

,jdhy; jd; Kaw;rpahy; tUfpd;w nghUisNa xUtd; nryT nra;tjw;F chpatd; vd;Dk; Nkd;ikahdnfhs;ifia mth;fs; filg;gpbj;J tho;e;J te;jdh; vd;W njhpfpwJ. mJ kl;Lkpd;wp mth;fs; gpwh; nghUistpUk;Gfpd;wth;fSk; my;yh;. ,jid> „cs;sJ rpijg;Nghh; csnudg; glhh;… vd;fpwJ FWe;njhif.

MjuTf;F chpNahh;

vj;jifa Kaw;rpAk; nra;a ,ayhjth;> fz; ghh;itaw;Nwhh;> Cikah;> nrtplh; MfpNahh; MjuTf;F chpNahh;vd tifg;gLj;jpdh;.

‘rpwg;gpy; rpjLk; cWg;gpy; gpz;lKk;

$Dk; FwSk; CKk; nrtpLk;....”

vd;fpwJ GwehDW. mj;jif khe;jUf;F kdKte;J <e;jdh;.

‘fhzhh; Nfshh; fhy;Klk; gl;Nlhh;

Ngzh kf;fs; Ngrhh; gpzpNahh;

gbt Nehd;gpah; grp Neha; cw;Nwhh;”

MfpNahh; Mjutpw;F chpNahh; vd;fpwJ kzpNkfiy.

Fws; newp

‘<jy; ,irgl tho;jy; mJty;y(J)

Cjpak; ,y;iy caph;f;F”

vd;w vz;zj;Jld; tho;e;jdh;. kf;fl;gpwtpf;Fhpa caph;f;Fzq;fs; cilatuha; mtw;iwj; jFjp mwpe;J gad;gLj;jped;Kiwapy; tho;e;jdh;.

,t;thW> ek; goe;jkpo; khe;jh; filg;gpbj;J tho;e;j xw;Wik czh;itAk; <ifg; gz;igAk; tpsf;fpAs;sh;Mrphpah; ,stofdhh;.

MTe; jkpoUk;nkhopQhapW NjtNeag; ghthzh;

1.1 kf;fs; ehfhpfj;NjhL khl;bw;F cs;s njhlh;G :

vy;yh ehl;bYk; ve;epiy ehfhpfj;jpYk; MthdJ mUikahfg; Nghw;wg;gLfpwJ. MapDk; jkpo;ehl;by; mJjiyrpwe;jjhfg; Nghw;wg;gl;lJ.

kf;fs; ehfhpfk;

kf;fs; ehfhpfk; FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy> kUjk;> efuk; vd ehd;F epiyfis cilaJ. mtw;Ws; FwpQ;rp epyj;Jld;jhd;jkpoh;f;F Kjypy; MTld; (gRTld;) njhlh;G ,Ue;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy; Kjd;Kjypy; MthdJ FwpQ;rp



38

epyj;jpw;Nf chpa tpyq;fhFk;.

Mah;

FwpQ;rpia mLj;j Ky;iy epyj;jpypUe;j Mah; Ml;ilAk; khl;ilAk; ngUksT tsh;j;J mtw;wpd; CidAk; ghiyAk;cz;L tho;e;jdh;. mth;fs; Ml;il tpl MitNa (khl;ilNa) rpwg;ghf tsh;j;jdh;. Mit Nka;g;gth; Mah;vdg;gl;ldh;. M vd;Dk; ngah; jw;fhyj;jpy; ngz;ghiyNa Fwpf;fpwJ. Kw;fhyj;jpy; ,Ughy;fSf;Fk; nghJthf,Ue;jJ.

,t;thW> kf;fs; ehfhpfj;NjhL khl;bw;Fj; njhlh;G cz;L vd;W ghthzh; vLj;Jiuf;fpwhh;.

2. khL nry;tdk; Nghy; fUjg;glf; fhuzq;fs; ahit?

khL nry;tk;

kh vd;Dk; ngaNu M vd;W khwpapUf;fyhk;. M vd;gJ Kjypy; khL vd;W nghUs;gl;Lg; gpd; gRitf; Fwpj;jJ.goq;fhyj;jpy; khNl kf;fspd; nry;tkhf ,Ue;jJ. mjdhy; nry;tk; khnldg; gl;lJ.

‘Nfby; tpOr;nry;tk; fy;tp xUtw;F

khly;y kw;iw ahit”.

vd;w Fwl;ghtpy; khL vd;gJ nry;tj;ijf; Fwpf;fpwJ.

cotDf;F cjTk; khL

Ky;iy epyj;jpy; coT Njhd;wpaJ. mJ kUj epyj;jpy; rpwg;gile;jJ. Ky;iyapy; Gd;nra;g; gapUk; kUjepyj;jpy; ed;nra;g; gapUk; tpistpf;fg;gl;ld. khL Ky;iy> kUjk; Mfpa ,Uepyj;jtUf;Fk; CDk; ghYk; je;JcjtpaJ ƒ cOjJ ƒ ePh; ,iwj;jJ. ,t;thW ,Utif Ntshz;ikf;Fk; cjtpaJ.

khl;bd; gad;fs;

khl;bd; CDk; ghYk; kl;Lky;y mjd; Njhy;> nfhk;G> curid (Nuhrid)> thy;kaph;> rhzk; KjypadTk; gad;gl;ld.czit tpistpf;f cjtpa khL jhDk; czthfg; gad;gl;lJ. ghy;> japh;> Nkhh;> ntz;nza;> nea; Kjypa Ie;Jk;IaKjk; (gQ;rhkpUjk;) vdg;gLk;. khL ,jid gad;jUtjhy; jkpoh; khl;ilr; nry;tkhff; fUjpdhh;.

3. tpuTg; ngah;fshf ,yf;fzj;jpw; nrhy;yg;gLtd khLfspd; ngUk;gad; fUjpNa vd;w ghthzhpd; $w;iw tpsf;Ff.

jpiz tOTf;Fr; rhd;W

coth; MitAk; M Vw;iwAk; (fhis khl;ilAk;) kpfTk; gad;gLj;jp te;jdh;. mit tUtijf; fz;L> „vd; mk;ikte;jhs; ƒ mtSf;Fg; Gy;ypL… vd;Wk;> „vd; mg;gd; te;jhd; mtDf;Fj; jz;zPh; fhl;L… vd;Wk; md;Giufisf;$wpdh;. ,it jpiz tOTf;Fr; rhd;whf ,yf;fzj;jpy; $wg;gl;ld.

tpuTg; ngah;fs;

rhj;jd; rhj;jp> nfhw;wd; nfhw;wp> Kltd; Klj;jp> nfhLk;Gw kUjd;> nfhLk;Gw kUjp Kjypa kf;fs; ngah;fisNaMTf;Fk; MNtw;Wf;Fk; ,l;L toq;fpdh;. mit ,aw;ngah;> rpidg;ngah;> rpid Kjw;ngah; vd %tif tpuTg;ngauhfj; (nghJg; ngauhfj; ) njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpy; $wg;gl;ld.

rhd;Wfs;

„rhj;jd; te;jJ…> „Kltd; te;jJ… rhj;jd; Gy; jpd;Dk;> „rhj;jp fd;wPDk;… Kjypad nrhy;yjpfhuj;jpd; ciuapy;cs;s rhd;WfshFk;.

MfNt> tpuTg; ngauhf ,yf;fzj;jpy; nrhy;yg;gLtd khLfspd; ngUk; gaidf; fUj;jpy; nfhz;Nl vd;gJtpsq;FfpwJ.

4. tpwYila ,isQh;f;Fk; khL ctikahff; $wg;gl;ljid tpsf;Ff.

ctikahF ngah;

fhis kf;fSf;fhf kpfTk; cioj;jjhy; „khL Nghy; cioj;jy;… vd;W $Wk; tof;fk; Njhd;wpaJ. fhis> tpliyvd;Dk; ngah;fs; ctikahF ngauhf kwth;f;Fk; FWk;gurh;f;Fk; toq;fp te;jd.

gfL

,ila+w;iwg; nghUl;gLj;jhky; vLj;j nraiy Kbf;fk; Mw;wy; cilatd; „gfL… vdg; Nghw;wg;gl;lhd;.

‘kLj;jth nay;yhk; gfld;dhd; cw;w

,Lf;fz; ,lh;g;gh Lilj;J” (Fws; 624)

vd;w Fwl;ghtpy; „gfL… vd;gJ fhis Nghd;w Mw;wy; cila Mz;kfidNa Fwpf;fpwJ.

VW jOty;

,isQhpd; typikia mwptjw;F „VW jOty;… Xh; msitahff; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. Ky;iy epyj;J Mah; VW jOtpa



39

,isQh;f;Nf jq;fs; kfis kzk; nra;J nfhLj;jdh;.

nghUj;jkhdNj

Mtpd; thiyAk; vUjpd; thiyAk; gw;wpf; nfhz;L Mokhd Mw;iwf; fle;jdh;. vUJ Ch;jpahf cjtpaJ ƒnghjp Rke;jJ ƒ ,d;Wk; tz;b ,Of;fpwJ.

5. Mtpd; rpwg;Gfshfg; ghthzh; tphpe;Jiug;gd ahit?

gonkhopfs;

M. MNtW ,uz;LNk kf;fSf;Fg; gad;gLtd. mtw;Ws; MNt mikjp

ciueil - 6 ePjp E}y;fspy; ,yf;fpa eak;ngUtpdhf;fs;

1. ePjp E}y;fspd; nghJthd ,ay;igf; Fwpj;J vOJf.

ePjp E}y;fspd; ,ay;G

ePjpfisf; $w vOe;jit ePjp E}y;fs;> ,t;thW elf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W tpjpj;Jk;> ,t;thW elj;jy; $lhJ vd;Wtpyf;fpAk; nry;tJjhd; ePjp E}y;fspd; ,ay;G.

nghJthd ,ay;G

,yf;fpaq;fs; ,d;gk; jUtd. Mdhy; ePjp ,yf;faq;fs;- ePjp E}y;fs; ,d;gk; jUtJld; kdpj tho;it rPh;gLj;jTk;Nkk;gLj;jTk; Ntz;Lk;. mj;jifa> ePjp E}y;fspy; ,yf;fpa eak; - ftp eak; fhz;gJ mhpJ.

,itNa ePjpE}y;fspd; nghJthd ,ay;GfshFk;.

2. ftpijapd; Nehf;fk; Fwpj;J> Mrphpah; rpjk;guehjh; $Wtd ahit?

ftpij ,d;gj;jpw;Nf ‚

ey;y ftpijapd; Nehf;fk; kf;fSf;F ePjp $Wtjd;W vd;W Nky;ehl;L Muha;r;rpahsh; rpyh; $Wfpd;wdh;. ek;ehl;bYk; rpyh; „fhtpaj;jpy; ,yf;fpaj;jpy; tUk; fUj;ij Nehf;f Ntz;lh ƒ ,d;gj;ij khj;jpuk; nfhs;Sq;fs;…vd;fpwhh;fs;. ftpij ,d;gj;jpw;Nf ‚ vd;Dk; fUj;J xg;Gf; nfhs;sf; $bajd;W.

Ez;fiyfspd; Nehf;fk;

rpw;gk;> Xtpak;> ehl;bak; Nghd;wit Ez;fiyfs;> ,tw;iwg; Nghy; ,yf;fpaKk; xU Ez;fiyjhd;.Ez;fiyfs; ,d;gk; jUtd> ,yf;fpakhfpa fiyAk; ,d;gk; ju Ntz;Lk; vd;W vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLtJ cz;ikjhd;.

,yf;fpaj;jpd; Nehf;fk;

Mdhy;> ,e;j mUq;fiyfSf;Fk; ,yf;fpakhfpa fiyf;Fk; xU NtWghL cz;L. Ez;fiyapd; Nehf;fk;,d;gk; jUtJ kl;LNk. ftpij ,yf;fpaj;jpd; Nehf;fNkh ,d;gk; jUtJld; kl;Lky;yhky; kf;fspd; tho;f;ifiar;rPh;gLj;JtjhfTk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

,t;thW> ftpijapd; Nehf;fk; Fwpj;J Mrphpah; rpjk;guehjd; njspTgLj;Jfpwhh;.

4. ctikfisf; ifahSk; tpjj;jpNyNa jpUts;Sth; eaKz;lhff; Fwsikj;jpUg;gij tpsf;Ff.

rpy ctikfisf; ifahSk; tpjj;jpNyNa jpUts;Sth; kpFe;j eaKz;lhff; Fws; mikj;Js;shh;. mjw;Fr;rhd;whf xd;iwf; fhz;Nghk;.

rhd;W

‘miwgiw ad;dh; fath;jhq; Nfl;l kiwgpwh;f;F ca;j;Jiuf;f yhd;”.

fUj;J

giw xU nra;jpiag; gyh; fhjpy; nfhz;L Ngha;r; Nrh;g;gJ Nghy ,ufrpaj;ijf; fath; (fPo;kf;fs;) gyhplk; nrd;Wnjhptpj;J tpLfpwhh;fs; vd;gJ ,f;Fwl;ghtpd; fUj;J.

eak;

ahNuh xUth; xU nra;jpia ,ufrpak; vd;W xUtdplj;jpy; njhptpj;jhh;. mtd; vd;d nra;jhd; njhpAkh? mjid%l;il fl;bf; nfhz;L gyhplk; Nghdhd;. me;j kiwnghUshfpa Rikia mtdhy; jhq;f Kbatpy;iy. mjdhy;>mijf; nfhz;L Ngha;g; gyUf;Fk; gq;F Nghl;Lg; gphpj;J> vLj;Jf; nfhLj;jhd;. mtid „miwgiwad;dh;… vdj;jpUts;Sth; $wpa moF ghuhl;lj;jf;fJ.

me;j ,ufrpak; mtDf;Fg; ghukhf ,Ue;jJ vd;gJk; mjidf; nfhz;L Ngha;g; gpwUf;Fr; Nrh;j;jhd; vd;gJk;„ca;j;J… vd;w nrhy;yhy; ngwg;gLfpd;wd. „ca;j;J… vd;w nrhy; ,f;Fwl;ghtpw;F caph;epiy> mij vLj;Jtpl;L



40

NtW ve;jr; nrhy;iy me;j ,lj;jpy; Nrh;j;jhYk;> ,t;tsT rpwe;j eaq;fs; Njhd;wkhl;lh. ,r;nrhy;iyj;Njh;e;njLj;Jj; jFe;j ,lk; ghh;j;J itj;j ngUik jpUts;StUilaJ.

ePjp

fathplk; ,ufrpaj;ijf; $wf; $lhJ vd;w ePjpia vt;tsT eak;glj; jpUts;Sth; $wpAs;shh;.

5. nry;tk; epiyNgW cilajd;W vd;gij ehyb vq;qdk; eak;gl etpy;fpwJ?

ehybg;ghl;L

‘mWRit Az;b mkh;e;jpy;yhs; Cl;l

kWrpif ePf;fpAz; lhUk; twpQuha;r;

nrd;wpug;gh; Xhplj;Jf; $nodpw; nry;tnkhd;W

cz;lhf itf;fw;ghw;W md;W”.

fUj;J

mWRit czit cz;L kfpo;e;j ngUQ;nry;tUk; xU fhyj;jpy; $io ,ue;Jz;z Nehplyhk;. Mjyhy;>nry;tj;ij xU ngUk; nghUshf kjpf;f Ntz;lh vd;gJ ,r;nra;Aspd; NkNyhl;lkhd fUj;J.

eak;

xd;wpw;F xd;W kWjiyahf itj;Jr; nrhy;yg;gl;l moNf ,g;ghlypd; eaj;jpw;Ff; fhuzk;

t.vz;. md;W ,d;W

1. md;W mWRit czT cz;lhd;. ,d;W cg;gpy;yhf; $o; Fbf;fpwhd;

2. Mrdj;jpy; mkh;e;J cz;lhd;. ,d;W ele;J nfhz;Nl Fbf;fpwhd;

3. kidtp Cl;l cz;lhd;. jdpahff; $iof; Fbf;fpwhd;

4. kWgpb NrhW Ntz;lhk;. Ntz;lhk; xU gpbr;NrhW ,y;yhky; twpQdhfp ,wf;fpwhd;.

vd kWj;J cz;lhd;.

ePjp

vj;Jizr; rpwe;j nry;tDk; kpfTk; ,ope;j tWik epiyia milayhk;. Mjyhy;> nry;tk; ,Uf;Fk; NghNj„mwk; nra;f… vd;w fUj;ij xd;wpw;F xd;W khWgl - rpwg;ghf vLj;Jf; fhl;LfpwJ ,e;ehyb.

II. 1. ePjp $Wk; NghJk; eak;glf; $wpath; jpUts;Sth; vd;gijr; rhd;WfSld; tpsf;Ff.

Kd;Diu :-

ePjp $Wk; NghJ eak;glr; nrhy;tjw;Fr; rhjhuz kdpjDf;Fj; njhpahJ. Mdhy;> ts;Sth; ePjpiaf; $leak;glf; $Wtjpy; ty;yth;.

rhd;W : 1

‘fug;gth;f;F ahq;nfhspf;Fq; nfhy;Nyh ,ug;gth;

nrhy;yhlg; Nghxk; caph;”.

Fwl;ghtpd; fUj;J

nghUis itj;Jf; nfhz;L xUth; ,y;iy vd;W nrhy;fpwhh;. mr;nrhy;iyf; Nfl;lTld; ,ug;gthpd; caph;Ngha;tpLfpwJ. ,y;iy vd;W kiwg;gth; caph; vq;Nf Ngha; xspe;J nfhz;lNjh njhpatpy;iyNa ‚ ,JNt,f;Fwl;ghtpd; fUj;J.

eak;

xUtd; jd;dplk; xU nghUs; Ntz;b te;jpUf;fpwhd; vd;gij mwpAk; nry;td; $rhky; „,y;iy… vdr; nrhy;fpwhd;.,y;iy vd;w nrhy;iyf; Nfl;lTld;> ,ue;J epd;wtdpd; caph; Ngha;tpLfpwJ. ,y;iy vd;wtdplNkh nrhy;Yfpwtd;tha;topNa te;jJ. Mdhy; mtid xd;Wk; nra;atpy;iyNa ‚ vd;Nd tpe;ij ‚ ,y;iy vd;W nrhd;dtdpd; caph;me;j Neuj;jpy; vq;Nf Ngha; xspe;J nfhz;lNjh njhpatpy;iyNa ‚ ,y;iy vd;w nrhy;iyf; Nfl;ltd; kha;e;jhd;ƒ$wpatd; khatpy;iyNa ‚

ePjp

,uf;fpd;w xUtDf;F ,y;iy vd;W $whJ nghUs; cs;sth; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w ePjpia ts;Sth; ,j;Jizr;rpwg;ghf typAWj;jpAs;shh;.

rhd;W : 2

Fws;

‘,ue;Jk; caph; tho;jy; Ntz;bw; gue;J



41

nfLf cyfpaw;wp ahd;”

fUj;J:

,t;Tyifg; gilj;jtd; ,uj;jiyAk; xU njhopnydg; gilj;J mj;njhopy;fs; rpyh; caph; tho;thuhf vd;Wtpjpj;jpUe;jhy; mtDk; njUnty;yhk; miye;J jphpe;J Jd;Gwl;Lk; vd;gJ ,f;Fwl;ghtpd; fUj;J.

,yf;fpa eak;

vt;tsT ,opthdJ?

cyfpy; ,d;dpd;dhh;f;F ,d;dpd;dJ njhopy; vdg; gpukd; tFj;jpUg;gjhf itj;Jf; nfhs;SNthk;. mj;njhopy;fspy;xd;whf ahrpj;jiyAk; Nrh;j;J vz;zpdhdh gpukd;?

mtd; xU ghtp

,opthd xd;iw vdf;Fk; vd; Nghd;wth;fSf;fk; xU njhopyhfg; gpukd; tFj;jhhd; vd;why; mtd; xU gpwtpvLf;fl;Lk;. mg;gpwtp khdplg; gpwtpaha; ,Uf;fl;Lk;. khdpldha;> khdk; tpl;L. ,utydha; te;J NRul;Lk;. Nghfpw,lj;jpy; clNd czit - fhir- gpr;iriag; -ngwhky;> gy tPLfspy; gy njUf;fspy; miyal;Lk; ! miye;Jnfl;nlhopal;Lk; !,yf;fpa ,d;gk;

,t;thW xU gpr;irf;fhud; fUjpajhf; fdhf; fz;lhh; NghYk; jpUts;Sth;. vt;tsT nghpa fdit vj;Jizf;FWfpambfspy; njhptpj;Jtpl;lhh; !KbTiu

,it ePjp $Wk; NghJ eak;glf; $wpath; jpUts;Sth; vd;gjw;fhd rhd;WfshFk;.

2. tapw ;Wg ; ngUkhd; nghUl;L kf;fs; nra;Ak; nray;fsha; mwnewpr ;rhu ; $Wtd ahit?Nghw;wp ! Nghw;wp>

cyfpy; ,r;rfk; Ngrp thOk; khe;jUs; xUtid Kidg; ghbahh; vd;Dk; Gyth; xUth; ghh;f;fpwhh;. xU ehs;xUtUk; mwpahky; mtd; tPl;bDs; Eioe;J> mtd; nra;tdtw;iwg; ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;. mtd; Nghw;wpghhpNa Nghw;wp> Nghw;wp fhhp> Nghw;wp Xhp> Nghw;wp fd;dh> Nghw;wp Ngfh vd;W vd;ndd;dNth cUg;Nghl;lgb,Uf;fpwhd;. ,jid kiwj;jpUe;J ftdpf;fpwhh; Gyth;. mtd; ntspNa Gwg;gl;Lg; Nghfpwhd;. GytUk; mtidg;gpd; njhlh;fpwhh;.

,iwtNd! mUs; Ghpf!GJg; gzf;fhud; xUtd; tPl;by; mtd; Eiofpwhd;. Nghw;wp ! Nghw;wp vd;W njhlq;fp> mbNaidf; fhj;jUsNtz;baJ Mz;ltid xj;j jq;fshy; jhd; ,aYk;. ,iwtNd mUs; Gupf! jq;fs; mUs; Nehf;fp tho;fpNwd; ;gapUk; kio vg;gbNah> vd; Nghd;w VioaUf;Fj; jhq;fs; mg;gb” vd;W nrhy;ypg; gpd;Dk; gy mLf;fj; njhlq;fpdhd;.

mwnewpr; rhug; ghly;

ghh;j;jhh; Gyth; ; ghbdhh; xU ghl;L.

‘Nghw;wpNa Nghw;wpNa nad;W GJr; nry;tk;

Njhw;wpahh; fz;nzy;yhk; njhz;Nl Nghy; Mw;wg;

gapw;wpg; gapw;wpg; gyTiug;g njy;yhk; tapw;Wg; ngUkhd; nghUl;L”

vd;gNj mg;ghl;L.

,yf;fpa eak;

,r;rfk; NgRNthd; ,ope;jtd; vd;W NeNu nrhy;yhky;> mtd; tapw;wpid kNfRtudhf;fpg;

ngUikg;gLj;JtJ Nghy; rpWikg;gLj;jpa jpwk; tpag;gpw;FhpaJ. tapwhfpa jk;gpuhd; ,Uf;fpwhNU me;jf; flTisf;fhg;ghw;w vj;jid ngha; NgRfpwhhh;fs; kdpjh;fs;! ,g;gbg; ngha;iar; nrhy;yp tapW tsh;f;f Ntz;Lkh?vd;WKidg;ghbahh; Nfl;gJ Nghy; cs;sJ. ,g;gb tsh;f;fg;gLk; tapW tapwh? ,y;iy Fjpuh? vdg; Gyth; Nfl;gJ Nghyj;Njhd;WfpwJ. tapw;Wr; rhkpia ek;gp cz;ikf; flTis kf;fs; tpLfpwhh;fNs! vdg; Gyth; fyq;FtJ Nghyj;Njhd;WfpwJ.

ePjp

‘ tapw;iw tsh;g;gjw;fhf ,r;rfk; Ngrpj; jphpa Ntz;lhk;” vd;w ePjpia ‘ tapw;Wg; ngUkhd; ngUl;L” vd;w xNunjhluhy; mwnewpr;rhur; nra;As; vj;;Jiz mofhf tpsq;fp fhl;LfpwJ.

II. y> s> o - NtWghL mwpe;J thf;fpaj;jpy; mikf;f:

1. miy - fly;miy

mio - $g;gpL



42

mis - japh;

miy - Mopg; Nguiy> kpFe;j typikAilaJ

mio - mtismioj;Jtur; nrd;whs;

mis - Ntdpw; fhyj;jpy; misr; NrhW clk;gpw;F ey;yJ

2. ,iy - kuk;> nrb> nfhbfspd; ,iy

,io - E}y; ,io

,iy - ML ,iy jiofis czthff; nfhs;Sk;.

,io - ,iofshy; Mil nea;jdh;

,is - mtd; cly; eykpd;wp ,isj;Jg; Nghdhd;

3. ciy - rikf;f ciy itj;jy;> ciyf;fsk;

cio - ciog;G

cis - gplhpkaph;> NrW

ciy - nfhy;yf; ciyf;fsj;jpy; fUtpfs; nra;jhd;

cio - cioj;jhy; cah;Tz;L

cis - coth; cisapy; fhy; itj;jhy; jhd; ehk; Nrhw;wpy; if itf;f Kbak;

4. xyp - Xir

xop - mopj;JtpL

xsp - ntspr;rk;> gJq;fpf; nfhs;

xyp - thfdg; ngUf;fj;jhy; xyp khR Vw;gLfpwJ.

xsp - rpWth;fs; xspe;J tpisahbdhh;fs;.

xop - Nghfpj; jpUehspy; Ntz;lhj nghUl;fis xopj;JtpLth;

5. fiy - tpj;ij. fiye;J Nghjy;

fio - %q;fpy;

fis - Mafiyfs; mWgj;jp ehd;F vd;gh;

fio - fiof; $j;jhbfspd; tho;f;if me;juj;jpy; mikfpwJ.

fis - cotd; fis ePf;fp gaph; fhj;jhd;

6. fpyp - mr;rk;> gak;

fpop - Jz;lhff; fpop NfhL fpop

fpsp - xU gwit

fpyp - fpypjtph; vd;gJ ghujpapd; thf;F

fpop - xU tpdh - tpil vOjp Kbj;jJk; NfhL fpopj;Njd;

fpsp - gr;irf; fpsp ghh;g;gjw;F mofhf ,Uf;Fk;

7. jiy - Kjd;ik> rpuR

jio - Gy;> ,iy Kjypad

jis - fl;Ljy;

jiy - jiyf;F xU khk;gok; nfhL

jis - ek; ehL gyE}W Mz;Lfs; mbikj; jisapy; fple;jJ.

8. jhyp - jpUkzr; rlq;fpy; fztd; kidtpf;Fj; jhyp fl;LtJ ekJ gz;ghL

jhop - KJ kf;fs; jhop mUq;fh;lrpafj;jpy; cs;sJ

jhsp - mk;kh jhspf;Fk;

7. kdpjh; tho;f1. Kd;Ndw;wk; vd;gJ gw;wp K. t. ciug;gd ahit

Kd;Ndw;wk;

cyfk; gbg;gbNa Kd;Ndwp tUfpwJ. mjd; Kd;Ndw;wj;ij czuhj fhuzj;jhy; rpyh; Kw;Nghf;if vjph;f;fpwhh;fs;.rpyh; cyfk; Kd;Nghy; ,y;iyNa vd;W vz;zpr; Nrhh;T milfpwhh;fs;. rpyh; cyfk; Kd;Nghy; ,y;iyNa vd;Wvz;zpr; Nrhh;T milfpwhh;fs;. rpyh; jhk; tpUk;GtJ Nghy; ,y;iyNa vd;W cyfj;ijg; gopf;fpwhh;fs;.



43

ey;y khWjy;fs;

cyfk; Kd;NdWfpwJ vd;why;> kiyAk; fhLk; VNjh khWjy; milfpd;wd vd;gJ fUj;J md;W. cyfj;jpy; cs;skf;fspd; tho;tpy; ey;y khWjy;fs; Vw;gl;L tUfpd;wd vd;gNj fUj;J MFk;. ,e;j Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;F ,ilapilNagy epiyfspy; kdpjh; jLkhwpaJ cz;L> jLkhwpj; jLkhwpg; Gjpa Gjpa mwpTk; Cf;fKk; ngw;W kdpjh; Kd;Ndwpte;jpUf;fpd;wdh;.

2. Kjy; jLkhw;wk; vd;gJ K. t. Fwpg;gJ ahJ?

rpWtd;

gs;spf; $lj;Jf;F rpWtd; xUtd; vOjf; fw;Wf; nfhz;l gpwF> gyifAk; gyg;gKk; jdf;Fr; nra;j cjtpiag;Nghw;WtJ ,aw;if. Mdhy; vOj;Jf; fy;tp ngUik cilaJ vd;W czuhky;> gyifAk; gyg;gKk; cah;e;jit>rpwe;jit vd;W kaq;fpdhy; > mij mtDila tho;tpy; Neh;e;j xUjLkhw;wk; vd;Nw $w Ntz;Lk;. mg;gbg;gl;ljLkhw;wq;fs; kdpj tuyhw;wpy; gy Neh;e;jJ cz;L

kd;dd;

kf;fs; $bthoj; njhlq;fpaNghJ mth;fSs; xUtd; jiytdhf ,Ue;J topfhl;bdhd;. mtd; jiytd;vd;gjw;fhf mtd; jiyapy; xU Kb#l;o mtd; ifapy; xU NfhYk; nfhLj;jdh; mt;thW rpy jiyKiwfs;ele;j gpwF> me;j KbAk; NfhYk; cah;e;jtdhfg; Nghw;wg;gl;ld. mtw;iw cilatd; kd;dd; vdg;gl;lhd;.

Kjy; jLkhw;wk;

kf;fSf;fhf kd;dd; tho Ntz;Lk; vd;gij kwe;J> kd;dDf;fhf kf;fs; Ntz;Lk; vd;Dk; %lek;gpf;if gpwFVw;gl;lJ. KbAk; NfhYk; cilatd; vtdhf ,Ue;jhYk;> mtidj; nja;tkhfg; Nghw;wp mbgzpa Ntz;Lk; vd;w%l ek;gpf;if tsh;e;jJ. ,t;thW gy Mapuk; Mz;Lfs; fope;jd. gpwF ,e;jj; jLkhw;wk; jPh;tjw;F xU top Vw;gl;lJ.gyifAk; gyg;gKk; rpwe;jit my;y vd;W gs;spf;$lr; rpWtd; czh;tJ Nghy;> KbAk; NfhYk; rpwe;jit my;yvd;W kdpjh; czuj; njhlq;fpdh;.

jFjp

MfNt> xU ehl;il Ms;tjw;Fj; jFjp cilatiuj; Njh;e;njLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W vz;zpdh;. mt;thWNjh;e;njLg;gjw;F top tFf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W Kad;wdh;.

Njh;jy; Kiw

me;j Kaw;rpahy; Vw;gl;J jhd; Njh;jy Kiw. Njh;jy; KiwAk; neLq;fhykhfr; rpw;W}u;fspy; ,Ue;J te;jpUf;fpd;wJ.gyh; $bf; ifia cah;j;Jtjd; %ykhfTk; Fl XiyapypUe;J Njh;e;njLg;gjd; %ykhfTk; ek; ehl;bYk; gyE}w;whz;LfSf;F Kd;dpUe;Nj Njh;jy; Kiw ,Ue;J te;jJ.

nry;tKk; nry;thf;Fk;

me;jj; Njh;jy;fspYk;> KbAk; NfhYk; ngw;wpUe;j rpwg;ig NtW ,uz;L fUtpfs; ngw;Wtpl;ld. mit nry;tKk;nry;thf;F cilath;fSk; epyGyk; gilj;Jr; nry;gtuhf tho;gth;fSk; Njh;jypy; epd;W ntw;wp ngw;Wj; jiytuhftu Kbe;jJ. KbAk; nrq;NfhYk; rpwg;ghfg; Nghw;wg;gl;lJ Nghy> nry;tKk; nry;thf;Fk; kf;fSF;Fg; gad;gLtJkhwp> ehl;L kf;fs; vy;yhUk; xU rpyUila nry;tj;ijAk; nry;thf;ifAk; fhg;gjw;fhfg; gad;gl;ldh;. ,J,uz;lhtJ jLkhw;wepiy. MfNt> Njh;jYk; xU jLkhw;wNk vd K.t ciuf;fpwhh;.

4. xU gb Kd;Ndw;wk; vd;W K.t. ciug;gJ ahJ?

xU gb Kd;Ndw;wk;

KbAk; NfhYk; rpwg;ghf ,Ue;j fhyj;jply; mtw;iwf; fhg;gjw;fhfg; gilfSk; gilf; fUtpfSk; gad; gl;ld.,d;iwa Ml;rp KiwapYk; gilfSk; gilf; fUtpfSk; mt;thW gad;gLfpd;wd. MapDk;> mtw;wpd; kjpg;Gk;rpwg;Gk; Fiwe;J tUfpd;wd. ,ij xU gb Kd;Ndw;wk; vd;Nw $wyhk;.

kaf;fk; jPUk;

,d;W fl;rpfisf; fhg;ghw;wg; gad;gLtd NkilfSk; gj;jphpiffSk; jhd;. md;iwa kf;fs; gilfisAk; gilf;fUtpfisAk; fz;L kaq;fpaJ Nghy;> ,d;iwa kf;fs; gj;jphpiffisAk; fw;Wk; Nfl;Lk; kaq;Ffpwhh;fs; . ,e;jkaf;fKk; tpiutpy; jPh;e;J tpLk;.

njspT

gj;;jphpiffspy; vOjg;gLtd vy;yhk; cz;ik my;y. Nkilapy; Ngrg;gLtd vy;yhk; cz;ik my;y> mtw;iwf;fw;whYk; Nfl;lhYk; cz;ikfsis Muhaj; njhpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ‘vg;nghUs; ahh; ahh; tha;f; Nfl;gpDk;mg;nghUs; nka;g;nghUs; fhz;gJ mwpT” vd;w njspT kf;fSf;F Vw;gLk; fhyk; te;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. me;jj;njspT Vw;gl;l gpwF jhd;> Nghh;g; gilfisf; fz;L kf;fs; kaq;fhjJ Nghy;> fl;rpj; Njh;jy;fisf; fz;Lk; kaq;fkhl;lhh;fs;.



44

5. Vw;wj;jho;tpy;yhj rKjhak; mika K.t. fhl;Lk; topfs; ahit?

kdpj tho;Nth nghpaJ

Kb> Nfhy;> gzk;> gjtp> fl;rp Njh;jy; vd;Dk; ve;jg; ngaiur; nrhy;ypAk; kf;fis ,dpNky; Vkhw;w KbahJ. ,itvy;yhk; kdpj tho;Tf;F cjt te;j fUtpfs;. fUtpfs; NghFkhdhYk; ,ilA+whfj; Njhd;WkhdhYk; mtw;iwg;Gwf;fzpf;f kdpjh;f;F chpik cz;L. mit vy;yhk; rpwpait. Mdhy; kdpj tho;Nth nghpJ.

mbg;gilfs;

kdpj tho;tpy;cz;ikahd mbg;gilahf cs;sit ,uz;L xd;W $l;LwT kw;nwhd;W ciog;G> ,e;j ,uz;Lk;cs;stiuapy kdpj tho;Tf;F ve;jf; FiwAk; ,y;iy. $l;lwTf;F ,ilA+W te;jhy; mij nty;y mbg;gilNtz;Lk;. ciog;Gf;F gQ;rk; te;jhy;> mij bty;y cOepyk; Ntz;Lk;.

Vw;wj;jho;tpy;yhj rKjhak;

Ruz;LNthUk; Ruz;glg;gLNthUk; ,y;yhj rhjp> rkak; fl;rp Kjypatw;why; Vw;wj; jho;T ,y;yhj rKjhak;miktjw;F ,JNt topahFk;.

II. 1. Njh;jy; Kiwfs; gw;wp K.t vLj;Jiuf;Fk; fUj;Jfs; ahit?

KbAk;> NfhYk; cilatd; vtdhf ,Ue;jhYk; > mtidj; nja;tkhfg; Nghw;wp mbgzpa Ntz;Lk; vd;w%lek;gpf;if tsh;e;jJ. ,t;thW > gy Mapuk; Mz;Lfs; fope;jd. gpwF ,e;jj; jLkhw;wk; jPh;tjw;F top Vw;gl;lJgyifAk; gyg;gKk; rpwe;jit my;y vd;W gs;spf; $lr; rpWtd; czh;tJ Nghy; KbAk; NfhYk; rpwe;jitmy;yvd;W kdpjh;l czuj; njhlq;fpdh;.

jFjp

MfNt> xU ehl;il Ms;tjw;Fj jFjp cilatiuj; Njh;e;njLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W vz;zpdhh;. mt;thWNjh;e;njLg;gjw;F top tFf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W Kad;wdh;.

Njh;jy; Kiw

me;j Kaw;rpahy; Vw;gl;lJ jhd;Njh;jy; Kiw. Njh;jy; KiwAk; neLq;fhykhfr; rpw;W}h;fspy; ,Ue;J te;jpUf;fpd;wJ.gyh; $of; ifia cah;j;Jtjd; %ykhfTk; Fl XiyapypUe;J ek; ehl;bYk; gy E}w;whz;LfSf;F Kd;dpUe;NjNjh;jy; Kiw ,Ue;J te;jJ.

nry;tKk; nry;thf;Fk;

me;jj; Njh;jy;fspy;> KbAk; NfhYk; ngw;wpUe;j rpwg;ig NtW ,uz;L fUtpfs; ngw;W tpl;ld. mit nry;tKk;nry;thf;Fk; guk;giuahfr; nry;thf;Fk; cilath;fSk; epyGyk; gilj;Jr; nry;tuhf tho;gth;fSk; Njh;jypy; epd;Wntw;wp ngw;Wj; jiytuhf tu Kbe;jJ. KbAk; nrq;NfhYk; rpwg;ghfg; Nghw;wg;gl;lJ Nghy> gad;gLtJ khwp> ehl;Lkf;fs; vy;yhUk; xU rpyUila nry;tj;ijAk; nry;thf;ifAk; fhg;gjw;fhfg; gad;gl;ldh;. ,J ,uz;lhtJjLkhw;wkpy;iy. MfNt Njh;jYk; xU jLkhw;wNk vd K.t ciuf;fpwhh;.

fl;rp mikg;G

mLj;j epiyapy; kw;nwhU khWjy; Neh;e;jJ me;jr; nry;thf;F Vd; guk;giuahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;? Gjpath;fs; Vd;jk;jpwikahYk; ciog;ghYk; nry;thf;Fg; ngw;Wj; jiyik ngwf; $lhJ? ,t;thW rpyh; vz;zpa NghJ xU topNjhd;wpaJ. Njh;jy; fhyj;jpy; Ms; jpul;bj; Jd;Gwhky;> mjw;F Kd;dpUe;Nj xU $l;lj;jijr; Nrh;j;Jf; fl;Lg;gLj;jpitj;J> me;jf; $l;lj;jpd; JiziaAk; cjtpiaAk; nfhz;L Njh;jypy; ntw;wpngw toptFj;jdh;. mJ jhd;fl;rpaikg;G vd;gJ. rpyh; xU fl;rp mikj;Jr; nry;thf;Fg; ngWtijf; fz;lJk; NtWrpyh; Nrh;j;J kw;nwhU fl;rpmikj;Jr; nry;thf;Fg; ngw Kad;wdh;.

fl;rpfs; fl;rpfNshL NkhJjy;

fl;rpfs; fl;rpfNshL NkhJjy; ,aw;if Mapw;W. kf;fspd; tho;Tf;fhf Kjypy; fl;rpfs; Njhd;wpd. Mdhy; ,d;Wcs;s epiyapy;> fl;rpfs; tho;tjw;fhfNt kf;fs; fUtpahfg; gad;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,JTk; xU jLkhw;wkpy;iy.

,itNa Njh;jy; Kiwfs; gw;wp K. t. vLj;Jiuf;Fk; fUj;JfshFk;.

-----------8. jkpo;ehl;Lf; fiyr; nry;tq;fs;jkpo;ehL njhy;nghUs; Ma;Tj; Jiwapdh;

1 . jkpoh;fs; goq;fhye;njhl;Nl fiyfisAk; Ngzp te;Js;sdh; vd;gij tpsf;F.

jkpofj;jpy; gy fiyr; nry;tq;fisf; fhz;fpNwhk;. mtw;iwf; fhZk; NghJ jkpoh;fs; kpfg; goq;fhyk;njhl;Nl fiyfisg; Ngzpg; ghJfhj;J te;jpUg;gij mwpa KbfpwJ ‘Maf;fiyfs;mWgj;J ehd;F” vd;wKJnkhopf;F Vw;g gytifahd fiyfisj; jkpoh; rpwg;Gw tsh;j;jpUf;fpd;wdh;.fl;llf;fiy> rpw;gf;fiy>Xtpaf;fiy> ,irf;fiy> ehl;baf;fiy rpw;gf;fiy> Xtpaf;fiy Mfpad kpfkpfg; goq;fhYk; KjNy jkpofj;jpy;rpwg;Gg; ngw;W tpsq;fpapUf;fpd;wd.



45

2. ,yf;fpaq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; fl;llf; fiyr; nra;jpfisf; $Wf.

fl;llf; fiy vd;whNy Nfhapy;fspd; fl;llf;fiyiaj; jhd; $w KbfpwJ. fhuzk; jkpoh;fspd; fl;llf;fiy,d;W tiu cau;e;J epw;git Nfhapy;fNs! kw;wg;go murh;fs; tho;e; muz;kidfs; gw;wpNah> nry;te;jh;fs; tho;e;jkhspiffisg; gw;wpNah nghJkf;fspd; tPLfisg; gw;wpNah $wKbatpy;iy. Vnddpy;> mtw;iwg; gw;wpa nra;jpfs;fpilj;jpy;> ,yf;fpaq;fspy; kd;dh;fs; thoe;j muz;kisfs; gw;wpa nra;jpfs; cs;sdh; efu mikg;Gg; gw;wpg;Ngrg;gLfpwJ ahid kPJ Nghh;tPud; xUtd; mku;e;J jd; ifapy; kpf cau;e;j nfhbia Ve;jpr; nry;Yk; msTf;Fcah;;e;j thapy;fs; muz;kidfspy; ,Ue;jpUf;fpd;wd; Itif epyq;fSf;F Vw;gr; rpW tPLfs; fl;bf; nfhz;Lkf;fs; tho;e;jpUf;fpd;wdh;. Mdhy; mtw;wpd; Nehpilr; rhd;Wfs; ,d;Dk; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl tpy;iy.

jkpoff; Filtiuf; Nfhtpy;fis gw;wp vOJf.

1. gps;isahh; gl;b

Nfhapw; fl;llf;fiy vd;W vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhy; fp.gp. 6 Mk; E}w;whz;bypUe;J jhd; ehk; $w KbAk; jkpofj;jpd;njd;gFjpahd ,uhjkehjGuk; khtl;lj;ijr; Nrh;e;j gps;isahh;gl;b vd;Dk; Chpd; Filtiuf; NfhapNy jkpofj;jpy;,d;W fhzg;ngWk; Filtiuf; Nfhapy;fSs; goikahdjhFk;.

Filtiuf; Nfhapy;fs;

,J ghz;bah;fsJ gilg;ghFk;. ,jid mLj;J> jkpofj;jpd; gy gFjpfspy; Filtiuf; Nfhapy;fs;mikf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. mit gy;yth;fs; > ghz;bah;fs;> mjpah;> Kj;jiuah; MfpNahh; mike;jit MFk;. fp. gp.9 Mk; E}w;whz;NlhL Filtiuf; Nfhapy;fs; mikf;Fk; gzp epd;W tpl;lJ.

fdpf; Fd;Wfs;

jdpj;jdp Fd;Wfisr; nrJf;fpf; Nfhapyhf;Fk; Kiw gy;yth;> ghz;bah; fhyq;fspy; ,Ue;jpUf;fpwJ. khky;yGuj;jpy;cs;s Ie;J ujq;fSk; fOFkiyapy; cs;s ntl;Lthd; NfhapYk; KiwNa mtu;fsJ gilg;GfshFk;. Filtiuf;Nfhapy; mikf;Fk; Kiw fp.gp. 8 Mk; E}w;whz;Lld; epd;W tpl;lJ.

2. fw;fis mLf;fp mikf;fg;gl;Ls;s Nfhtpy;fs; gw;wpf; $Wf.

fw;fis xd;NwhL xd;whf mLf;fp mikf;Fk; Nfhapw; gzp gy;yth;;> ghz;bah;> tpraefu kd;dh;fs;> ehaf;fh;fhyq;fspy; fhz;fpNwhk;.

fhyk; Ch; Nfhapy;

1. gy;yth;fs; fhyj;jpy; vOe;jit khky;yGuj;jpy; mikj;Js;s flw;fiu Nfhapy;

fhQ;rpGuj;jy; mike;Js;s ifyhaehjh; Nfhapy;

2. ghz;bah; fhyj;jpy; vOe;jit jpUg;gj;J}hpy; mike;Js;s jpUj;jspehjh; Nfhapy;

3. Nrhoh; fhyj;jpy; vOe;jit ehh;j;j kiyapy; mike;Js; jQ;irg; ngUTilahh;

Nfhapy;

fq;if nfhz;l NrhoGuj;jpy; fq;if nfhz;l

mike;Js;s NrhoPr;Ruk;

jhuhRuj;jpy; mike;Js;s jphpGtd tPNur;Ruk;

Nfhapy;fspy; NfhGuk; mikj;jy; gy;yth; fhyj;jpy; njhlq;fpaJ. tpraefu kd;dh;fs; fhyj;jpy; cd;dj epiymile;jJ.

VI. fij fijg; nghUs; rpijahky; vOJjy;

‘ghy;tz;zk; gps;is’ vd;Dk; rpW fijiaf; fUg;nghUSk; RitAk; Fd;whky; RUf;fp tiuf.

Kd;Diu:

rpWfij cyfpd; Kb#lh kd;duhf tpsq;fpath;> GJikg;gpj;jd; ,tuJ ciueil njspe;j ePNuhil Nghd;wJ ‘ghy;tz;zk; gps;is’ vd;Dk; ,r;rpWfijapy;> gps;isapd; twl;Lg; gpbthj Fzj;ijAk;Mzhjpf;f ,ay;igak;glk; gpbj;Jf; fhl;bAs;shh;> Mrphpah;.

fijapd; fU: ‘jhd;’vd;Dk; Mzhjpf;f rf;jp

mwpitAk; mopj;jpLk; moprf;jp

fij khe;jh;fs;

KaYf;F %d;W fhy;fs;:

ghy;tz;zk; gps;is> khtl;lMl;rpah; mYtyfj;jpy; khjk; 35 &gha; Cjpaj;jpy; vOj;juhfg; gzpGhpgth;. ‘jk; gpbj;jKaYf;F %d;Nw fhy; ’ vd;W rhjpg;gth;. mYtyfj;jpy; mikjpahd gR ; tPl;by; Mj;jpukilAk; Gyp.



46

FLk;gr; #o;epiy:

FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghl;by; ek;gpf;if ,y;yhj gps;isapd; FLk;gk; ngUfpapUe;jJ. mthpd; nghWg;gw;w jd;ikahy;> tPl;by;tWikAk; Jd;gKk; Ml;rp nra;jd. rj;Jtztpd;wpj; jtpj;j Foe;ijfSf;Fg; ghy;fhudpd; fld;ghYk; nghJkUj;Jtkidapd; kUe;Jj; jz;zPUk; czthapd. ,r;#o;epiyapy; mtupd; kidtpf;Fg; gRkhL thq;Fk; vz;zk;Njhd;wpaJ.

nkf;]pNfh gpur;rpid:

xUehs; mYtyfj;jpy; ghy;tz;zk; gps;isf;Fk; mYtyf ez;gUf;Fk; fUj;J NtWghL Vw;gl;lJ. nkf;]pNfh> ‘njd;mnkhpf;fhtpy; ,Uf;fpwJ’ vd;whh;. gps;is ez;gNuh>’ G+Nfhs rh];jpuk; NtW khjphp my;yth $WfpwJ’ vd;Wieahz;b ,ioNahlf; $wpdhh;. jhk; $wpaij ep&gpf;Fk; Ntfj;jpy;> Nfhgj;Jld; tPl;bw;F te;jhh;> ghy; tz;zk;gps;is.

gps;isapd; gpbthjKk; rpdKk;:

gps;isath;fs;> jhk; gpbj;j GNfhsg; ghlE}iyj; Njb vLj;jhh;. mjpy; nkf;]pNfh tl mnkhpf;fhtpy; ,Ue;jJ. jd;mwpTf;F Vw;gl;l Njhy;tp> mthpd; rpdj;ij mjpfkhf;fpaJ. mr;rkak; mthpd; kidtp gRkhL thq;Fk; vz;zj;ijntspg;gLj;jpdhh; gps;is> ‘khLfPL vJTk; thq;f Ntz;lhk;; vd; gps;is ePj;j jz;zpia Fbj;J tsUk’; vd;WNfhgj;ij NtW tpjkhf ntspg;gLj;jpdhh;.

gRtpd; tuTk; gps;isapd; nraYk;

Foe;ijfspd; kPj nfhz;l ghrj;jpdhy;> gps;isapd; kidtp jd; fhg;ig tpw;W> gRTk; fd;Wk; thq;fpdhs;. md;WKjy; gps;isath;fs; tPl;by; fhg;gpAk; NkhUk; gUFtjpy;iy. kidtpNah ,Ujiyf; nfhs;sp vWk;G Nghyj; jtpj;jhs;.

khl;il tpw;wy;:

gjpide;J ehl;fSf;Fg; gpd; gps;isAld; Rg;Gf; NfhdhUk; te;jhh;. gps;is> khL 25 &gha; vd;whh;. Nfhdhh; > ‘rhkpkhL 60 &gha; ngWNk> vd;whh;. ,Wjpapy; vOgJ &gha;f;F thq;fpa gRTk; fd;Wk; Kg;gJ (30) &gha;f;F tpw;fg;gl;lJ.gps;isapd; %j;j kfd;> ‘mk;kh vd; fd;Df;Fl;b’ vd;W mOjhd;. ‘Rk;kh nfl rtNk’ vd;W $wp Kw;Wg;Gs;spitj;jhh;> ghy;tz;zk; gps;is.

KbTiu:

gps;isath;fs;> jk; kidtpapd; nray;fs; Mjhak; jUtjha; ,Ue;Jk;> jk; twl;Lg; gpbthjj;jpdhYk; Mzhjpf;fg;Nghf;fhYk; mij Vw;f kWj;jhh;. ,y;ywk; ey;ywkhf tpsq;f FLk;gj; jiyth; nghWg;Gzh;e;J nray;gLjy; mtrpak;vd;fpwhh;. Mrphpah; GJikg;gpj;jd;.

fij czh;j;Jk; ePjp: ‘Mj;jpuf;fhuDf;Fg; Gj;jp kl;L”

‘Mztf; fhuDf;Fk; Gj;jp kl;L”

fij khe;jh;fs; fijkhe;jh; jpwdha;T: ghy;tz;zk; gps;is

ghy;tz;zk; gps;is (FLk;gj;jiyth; & vOj;jh;) nghWg;gw;w FLk;gj;jiyth;

gps;isapd; kidtp gpbthjKk; rpdKk; nfhz;lth;

4 Foe;ijfs; kidtpia kjpf;fhjth;

Rg;Gf;Nfhdhh; (khl;il thq;fpath;) Mztj;jpy; mwpitj; njhiyj;jth;

ePjp: Mztj;NjhL miye;J tho;e;jhy;;mwpTk; md;Gk; njhiye;J tpLk;.

%f;fg;gps;is tPl;L tpUe;Jty;ypf; fz;zd;

Kd;Diu: rKjhaj;jpd; gof;ftof;fq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L fij vOJtjpy; ty;yth; ty;ypf;fz;zd;.%f;fg; gps;isapd; kdf;Fog;gj;jpw;Fj; njspthd Kbitf; fhl;bAs;shh; mth;.

fijapd; fU: ‘ twpath;f;F xd;W <tNj <if’ .ngah;fs; fjhghj;jpuk;

%f;fg;gps;is - CuhUld; xl;b thoj; jaq;Fgth;

thahbg; ngz;fs; - gyfhuk; nfhzh;gth;fs;

rptGuk; Rfthrpfs; - %f;fg;gps;is thOk; Ch; kf;fs;

MWKfk; (miog;gth; - tpUe;jpw;F kf;fis miiog;gth;

jtrpg;gps;is - rikay;fhuh;

%f;fg;gps;isapd; ,ay;G: rptGuj;jpy; tho;gth; %f;fg;gps;is. mth; gpwh; fhRf;F Mirg;glhjth; ; Neh;ikahdth;; nghJr; nrhj;ijr; Ruz;lhjth; ; gpwiu Vkhw;whjth;. mth; tho;e;j r%fj;NjhL xl;b cwthlhjth;. Chpy; eilngWk;



47

ey;yJ nfl;lJfSf;Fr; nry;thh;. Mdhy; ahh; tPl;bYk; if eidf;f khl;lhh;. ahUlDk; neUq;fpg; gofTk; khl;lh;.

Ch; tof;fq;fs;: xU tPl;by; jpUkzk; ele;jhy; me;j tPl;bypUe;J thiog;goKk; rpwpJ rPdpAk; itj;J Cuhh;midtUf;Fk; toq;FtJ kuG. ,t;tof;fj;ij ‘ey;ykhrj;Jg;gok;’ vd;gh;. nghpath; vtNuDk; ,we;J tpl;lhy; mtuJngaud; ngah;j;jp Ch; kf;fSf;F fliy mtpj;Jf; nfhLg;gh;. ,e;j tof;fj;ijf; ‘fliy NghLtJ’ vd;gh;.%f;fg;gps;isNah kidtpia ,oe;jth; ; thhpRfs; ,y;yhjth; jdp kukhf tho;e;jth; . ,J Nghd;w tof;fq;fisr;nra;a tha;g;gpy;yhjth;. mjdhy; Ch;g; ngz;fNsh mth; kWj;jhYk; tw;GWj;jpf; nfhLj;Jr; nry;th;.

eapdhh; Nehd;G: xUtopg; ghijahf vy;NyhhplKk; thq;fpr; rhg;gpLfpNwhk;. ,e;j Ch; kf;fSf;F ek;khy; vijAk;jpUg;gpr; nra;a Kbatpy;iyNa vd;W mth; tUe;jpdhh;. ,e;jf; flid jPh;f;f vz;zpdhh;. rkPgj;jpy; ‘ rpj;uh ngsh;zkp’tu cs;sij mwpe;jhh;. me;j ehspy; eapdhh; Nehd;G topghL cz;L. md;W rptGu kf;fs; ek; tPl;by; tpUe;J cz;Lkfpol;LNk vd;W KbntLj;jhh;. %f;fg;gps;is jtrpg;gps;isia mioj;jhh; ; tpUe;jpw;F Vw;ghL nra;jhh;.

tpUe;jpw;F miog;G: nghq;fy;> GspNahjiu> vYkpr;rk;gor; rhjk;> til> G+k;gUg;Gr; Rz;ly; vd;W rpj;uhd;dr;rpwg;G rhg;ghL %f;fg;gps;is tPl;by; jahuhfp tpl;lJ. clNd miog;Gf;fhu MWKfj;ij mioj;jhh;. jd; tPl;by;tpUe;Jz;z Ch; kf;fis mioj;J tUkhW mDg;gpdhh;.

Ch; tof;fk;: tpUe;J mspg;gth; %d;W ehd;F ehl;fSf;F Kd; Nehpy; nrd;W> ‘ vq;fs; tPl;by; ,e;j ehspy; ,d;dtpNr\k; eilngw cs;sJ. mjw;F ePq;fs; fl;lhak; tu Ntz;Lk; . md;W vq;fs; tPl;by; tpUe;Jz;L nry;y Ntz;Lk;“vd md;Gld; miof;f Ntz;Lk;. tpUe;J ehSf;F Kd; jpdk; miog;Gf;fhu MWKfk;> ’ ehis ,d;dhh; tPl;by;tpUe;J’ vd epidT gLj;j Ntz;Lk; tpUe;J ehsd;W ‘ ,iyNghl;lhr;rp rhg;gpl thq;f’ vd;W miof;f Ntz;Lk;.,it me;j Ch; tof;fk; Ch; tof;fk; vijAk; gpd;gw;whky; %f;fg;gps;is tpUe;Jz;z miog;G tpLj;jjhy; Ch;kf;fs; tpUe;Jz;z tukWj;jdh;.

Viof;F ,uq;fpa ,jak; : %f;fg;gps;is Rfthrpfshd Cuhh; tpUe;Jz;z tutpy;iyNa vd;gjw;F tUe;jtpy;iy.Mdhy; rikj;j czT tPzhfp tpLNk vd;W tUe;jpdhh;. miog;Gf;fhu MWKfj;ij mDg;gp rptGuj;ijr; Rw;wpAs;sCh;fspy; thOk; Vio vspa kf;fis mioj;Jtur; nrhd;dhh;. MWKfk; nrd;whh; Vio vspNahiu tpUe;Jz;zmioj;jhh; mth;fSk; te;jdh; tapwhu cz;ldh; ; kdjhu %f;fg;gps;isia tho;j;jpr; nrd;wdh;.

KbTiu: RfthrpfSf;F tpUe;jspg;gij tpl Vio vspNahUf;F tpUe;jspg;gNj cah;thdJ vd;w nghd;nkhopia%f;fg;gps;isapd; kdk; Xtpakhfj; jPl;bf; nfhz;lJ.

ePjp: Viof;F ,uq;FtNj ,iwtDf;Fr; nra;Ak; njhz;L.

4. Ntyp (,uh[k; fpU\;zd;)

fjhghj;jpuq;fs;: Nfhkjp - mtsJ kfd;> kUkfs; khyjp> Nfhkjpapd; ngz;fs; gq;f[k;> nrz;gfk;. Nfhkjpapd;Njhop kq;fsj;jk;khs; khyjpapd; mf;fh Uf;kzp> mtsJ fztd; nry;yg;gd;> mth;fsJ Foe;ij.

Kd;Diu:

,uh[k; fpU\;zd; ngz;fs; vjph;nfhs;Sk; rpf;fy;fis mtyq;fis ed;F czh;e;jth; mtw;wpw;Fj; jPh;T fhz;gjpYk;ty;yth;. ‘Ntyp’ vd;Dk; ,r;rpWfijapy; rhjp> kj NtWghLfspy; Cwpg;Nghd KJik cs;sj;jpd; ,r;rpWfijapy;rhjp> kj NtWghLfspy; Cwpg;Nghd KJik cs;sj;jpd; czh;r;rpfisAk;> fhjypdhy; rhjp> kjk; vd;Dk; Ntypfisj;jhz;ba ,sik cs;sj;jpd; Nghuhl;lq;fisAk; mofhfg; glk; gpbj;Jf; fhl;bAs;shh;.

khyjp:

khyjp gbj;jts; Ntiyf;F nry;gts; mtis fhjypj;Jf; ifg;gpbj;jhd; Nfhkjpapd; kfd;. fhjy; kzk; nra;JkzkhiyAld; tPl;bw;F mioj;J te;jhd; . Nfhkjpf;Nfh khyjpapd; NtiyAk; rk;gsKk; kl;LNk gpbj;jpUe;jd.khyjpapd; FyKk; rPh;thpirAk; Nfhkjpf;F nfhQ;rKk; gpbf;ftpy;iy vdpDk; kfDf;fhf khyjpia kUkfshf Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpwhs;.

Ntyp:

khyjpapd; fztd; njhopy; tsh;r;rpj; jpl;l gapw;rpf;fhf Mwhapuk; iky;fSf;F mg;ghy; nrd;Ws;shd;. khyjpfh;g;gKw;wpUf;fpwhs;. mts; jho;e;j Fyj;jts; vd;gJ khkpahhpd; vz;zk;. vdNt mtis rikayiwf;Fs;mDkjpg;gNj ,y;iy. khyjpf;F ,g;gb xU Ntyp. Nfhkjpapd; kfs; gq;f[k; rikayiwapy; Rlr; Rl g[;[prhg;gpLtijg; ghh;j;j khyjpf;Fs; Xh; Vf;fk;! .GJikg; ngz;: khyjp ijhpakhd ngz; ghujp fz;l GJikg; ngz;. vdpDk; fztUf;fhf khkp ehj;jdhh;fspd;Vr;Rfisj; jhq;fpf; nfhs;fpwhs;. khkpahh; mf;fiwAld; mtisf; ftdpg;gJ $l> mtsJ cly; epiy ghjpj;jhy;‘rk;gsk; jilg;gl;L tpLNk’ vd;Dk; Mjq;fk; jhd; ! khyjp tpLg;G vLg;gjh? Ntz;lhkh? vd;gijf; $l mtsJkhkpahh; jhd; KbT nra;fpwhs;.

kq;fsj;jk;khs;:

Nfhkjpapd; Njhop kq;fsj;jk;khs; . rhjp > kjk;> rlq;F> rk;gpujhak; Mfpatw;iw vy;yhk; Rl;bf;fhg;gJ jhd; kl;LNk



48

vd vz;Zgts; kq;fsj;jk;khs;. gpwh; kdijr; nrhy;yk;Gfshy; Fj;jp kfpo;gts;. Nfhkjpf;F kl;Lk; khjr; rk;gsk;ngWk; kUkfs; fpilj;J tpl;lhNs! jdf;F tha;j;j kUkfs; rk;ghjpf;ftpy;iyNa vd;w nghwhikapy; khkpahh;kdjpy; kUkfspd; rhjpiag; gw;wpa jPiaf; nfhSj;jpg; Nghl;lhs;. me;j Neuj;jpy; mYtyfg; gzp Kbj;J te;jkhyjpapd; fhjpy; me;jg; Ngr;Rfs; tpOe;jd. gb Vwhky; Rtiug; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L epd;whs; khyjp.

Nfhkjpapd; Gyk;gy;: ‘ khyjp ,e;j tPl;bw;Fs; mbnaLj;J itj;j gpwF nrhe;j ge;jnky;yhk; vq;f tPl;bw;FtUtjpy;iy” vd;W kq;fsj;jk;khtplk; Gyk;gpdhs; Nfhkjp. vd;d nra;tJ nghpatq;f nrhd;d rhjp rk;gpujhak;vd;w Ntypiaj; jhz;l KbaiyNa ! Ks;spy; rpf;fpf; nfhz;lJ Nghy; cs;sJ vd; tho;f;if” vd;W njhlh;e;jhs;Nfhkjp.

vhpfpw nfhs;spapy; vz;nza;: ‘vd;djhd; gbr;rpUe;jhYk; Ntiyf;Fg; NghdhYk; G+Tk; kz;Zk; xd;whfptpLkh? nrhy;Yq;f Nfhkjpak;kh? rhp mJ Nghfl;Lk; cq;fs; kUkfspd; gpurtj;jpd; NghJ vd;d nra;ag; NghwPq;f?mtNshl cwtpdh; vy;yhk; cq;fs; tPl;bw;F tUthh;fNs> mf;fk; gf;fnky;yhk; mrpq;fkhfg; Ngr khl;lhh;fsh?”vd;W vhpfpw jPapy; vz;nza; Cw;WtJ Nghy kq;fsj;jk;khs; Ngrpdhs;. vd;d nra;tJ? mtq;f $l ehd; vd;dcwT nfhz;lhlth KbAk; ? gpurtj;ij M];gj;jphpapy; itr;Rf;f Ntz;baJjhd; ! mtsJ nrhe;j ge;jnky;yhk;M];gj;jphpNahl te;J Nghfl;Lk; vd;W tUe;jpf; $wpdhs; Nfhkjp.

gpQ;R neQ;rpy; eQ;R :

Nfhkjpapd; filrpg; ngz; nrz;gfk; . (mtsJ gpQ;R neQ;rpy; rhjp NtWghL vd;Dk; eQ;R fye;jpUe;jJ) khbg;gbapy;mz;zp epw;gijg; ghh;j;j mts; jhaplk; mijf; $wpdhs;. mijf; Nfl;l kq;fsj;jk;khs; rl;nld;W fpsk;gptpl;lhs;.khyjp kq;fsj;jk;khisg; ghpjhgj;Jld; ghu;j;J tpl;L NkNy Vwpdhs;.

ghiyapy; xU Nrhiy :

khY vd;w Fuy; Njdhf ,dpj;jJ khyjpf;F> mJ mtspd; md;ghd mf;fh Uf;kzpapd; Fuy;> mts; jd; fzth;nry;yg;gDlDk; Foe;ijAlDk; te;jpUe;jhs;. mth;fsJ tUif ghiytdj;jpd; eLNt gRQ;Nrhiyia fz;lJNghy ,Ue;jJ khyjpf;F. me;j Foe;ijiaf; nfhQ;rp kfpo;e;jhs; khyjp.

tisfhg;G :

te;jth;fspd; tWikj; Njhw;wk; Nfhkjpf;F vhpr;riy je;jJ. mij kiwj;Jf; nfhz;L rphpj;jhs;. khyjpiaj; jhd;G+g;Nghy itj;jpUg;gjhf ebj;jhs;. tisf;fhg;gpw;nfd tisay; nra;a khyjpapd; jha; nfhLj;jDg;gpa ,uz;LE}W &gha; Nehl;Lfis thq;fpf; nfhz;lhs;. mJ jd; jhapd; ePz;l ehisa Nrkpg;G vd;gJ khyjpf;Fj; njhpAk;.te;jth;fs; tpil ngw;Wr; nrd;whh;fs;.

NtypAk; Ks;Sk;:

‘vd;d khyjp gLj;jpl;l? clk;G rhpapy;iyah? kaf;fk; th;w khjphp ,Uf;fpwjh? vYkpr;rk;gok; gpope;J nfhLj;JmDg;GfpNwd; ; ,urk; rhjk; fiuj;Jj; jUfpNwd;; ; eP xd;Wk; rikayiwg; gf;fk; tu Ntz;lhk;” vd;whs; Nfhkjp.,J khkpahh; mtSf;F ,l;l Ntyp. khkpahhpd; me;jg; Ngr;R khyjpia Ks;sha;f; Fj;jpaJ.

gzj;jpw;F VJ Ntyp:

‘,e;j khjk; rk;gsg; gzk; vd;dhr;R? ghy;fhud; Kd;gzk; Nfl;fpwhd;? eP xd;Wk; vOe;jpUf;f Ntz;lhk;. vq;Nf,Uf;fpwJ vd;W nrhd;dhy; NghJk; ehd; vLj;Jf; nfhs;fpNwd;” vd;whs; Nfhkjp. ’ngl;bapy; Nriyf;F mbapy;,Uf;fpwJ” vd;W khyjp nrhy;y khkpahh; mij vLj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhs;. gpwe;j tPl;by; khyjp xUkhjr; rk;gsj;ijf;$l KOrhf; nfhLj;jjpy;iy. GFe;j tPl;bNyh xU khjr; rk;gsj;ijf; $l mts; jdf;nfd itj;Jf; nfhs;sKbatpy;iy. Jauj;jpw;Fg; gjpy; khyjpf;Fr; rphpg;Gj;jhd; te;jJ. ,e;jr; rKjhaj;jpy; kdpjh;fSf;Fj; jhd; NtypAk;Ks;Sk;> gzj;jpw;F NtypAk; ,y;;;iy Ks;Sk; ,y;iy vd epidj;jhs;.

KbTiu:

,d;Wk; rhjp> kjk; vd;Dk; rjpfs; - Ntypfs;- kf;fisg; gphpj;J itj;Jr; rjpuhl;lk; NghLfpwJ. md;Gjhd;tho;f;ifapd; Mzp Nth;. md;gpw;F Ntypfs; ,y;iy. midtUk; ,ij czh;e;jhy; cyfpy; mikjpAk; kfpo;r;rpAk;epyTk; vd;w cz;ik ,e;jf; fijapd; %yk; czh;j;jg;gLfpwJ.

ePjp : gpwg;gpy; cah;T jho;T fUJtJ ngUq;Fw;wk;

5.kfd;gh. nrag;gpufhrk;

fjhg;ghj;jpuq;fs;:

md;dfhK - rhkpahug;gd;> %j;j kfs; ky;ypfh> eLkfs; jdghf;fpak; > kfd;> ky;ypfhtpd; fzth; ,uhk;Fkhh;>nghpak;kh> Fbkfd;fs; fdfuhR> rpd;duhR> Mrphpah; gh. nrag;gpufhrk;.

Kd;Diu:

rPuhl;bg; ghuhl;b tsh;f;Fk; ngw;wth;fis tPl;il tpl;L tpul;Lk; gps;isfs; epiwe;J tpl;l fhykPJ. Gw;wPry; Nghy



49

KjpNahu; ,y;yq;fs; Kisj;J epw;Fk; fhykpJ. md;dfhK - rhkpahug;gd; jk;gjpah; kfdhy; tPl;il tpl;Ltpul;lg;gl;ldh;. md;dhfhK jhd; gpwe;J tsh;e;j Cuhd gz;izGuj;jpw;Nf fztDld; te;J Nrh;e;jhs;. me;jjha; ,we;j epiyapy; elf;Fk; mtyq;fis Mrphpah; mUikahfr; rpj;jhpj;Js;shh;.

kfd;:

jha; ,we;Jtpl;l nra;jp Nfl;L> kfd; GJ}hpy; ,Ue;J gz;izGuj;jpw;F Ml;fis Ntd; epiwa mioj;J te;jhd;.mtNdh ,oT tPl;bw;Fg; nghUj;jk; ,y;yhj Njhw;wj;JlDk;> Jaur; rhay; ,y;yhjtdhfTk; fhzg;gl;lhd;. jdf;Fr;rhjfkhfg; Ngrp gpzj;ij vLj;Jr; nry;y rpyUf;F ‘jz;zPh; Cw;wp’ mioj;J te;jpUe;jhd;. Mdhy; gz;izGuNkhFbg;gof;fk; ,y;yhj kf;fs; thOk; Ch;. mjdhy; kf;fs; Ntid Ch; vy;iyapNy kwpj;J epWj;jpdh;. vq;fs; CUf;Fte;J tpl;Bh;fs;! mo Ntz;bath;fs; Ngha; mOq;fs;! Mdhy; me;j mk;khit CUf;F vLj;Jr; nry;y kl;Lk;epidf;fhjPh;fs; vd;W fz;bg;Gld; $wpdh;.

jdghf;fpak;:

md;dfhKtpd; eLkfs; jdghf;fpak; fij Mrphpahplk; ‘khkh cq;fSf;F Nrjp nrhd;d nfhQ;r Neuj;jpNyNacaph; Ngha; tpl;lJ. mg;NghJ ,uT 9 kzp ,Uf;Fk;. epidT ,Uf;Fk; tiu cq;fs; ngaiur; nrhy;yp> ePq;f te;jgpwF jhd; vd;idj; J}f;fZk;> vd;W mk;kh nrhd;dhq;f” vd;whs;.

rhkpahug;gd;:

rhkpahug;gd; md;dfhKtpd; fzth;. ,oT tPl;bd; mwpFwpfs; vJTk; ,y;yhky; mq;Fkpq;Fk; miye;Jnfhz;bUe;jhh;. Fbkfd; fdfuhR> Va; ,tiug; ghh;j;jh me;j mk;khNthl fzth;D NjhZjh? ,th; Vd; xU,lj;jpy; ,y;yhk mq;Fk; ,q;Fkhf miyawhU?” vd;whd;

‘mjhNd”! vd;w rpd;duhR> ‘khkh ePq;f me;j mk;khTf;F vd;d cwT Ntz;Lk;?” vd;whd; fpz;lyhf! ,oTtPl;by; Ngrf; $lhjh me;jf; Nfypg;Ngr;irj; Jz;bj;J> ‘khkh! vy;yhUf;Fk; Nrjpiar; nrhy;ypahr;rh?” vd;W Mrphpah;Nfl;lhh;.

,uhk; Fkhh;:

‘%j;j khg;gps;is (ky;ypfhtpd; fzth;) ,uhk;Fkhh; vy;NyhUf;Fk; Nghd; Nghl;L nrhy;ypl;lhU” vd;whh; rhkpahug;gd;.’filrpapNy nrhe;j kfid tpl;L tpl;Bh;fNs” vd;W FWf;fpl;lhd; rpd;duhR. ‘kfdh mtid md;iwf;NfjiyKOfpahr;Nr” vd;whu;.

,Wjpr; rlq;F:

md;dfhKtpw;F vz;nza;> rpiff;fha; itf;fpw rlq;F ele;jJ. ky;ypfhtpd; ngupak;kh xt;nthUtu; ifapYk;mijf; nfhLf;f> xt;nthUtuhf te;J me;jr; rlq;ifr; nra;jdu;. G+idg;Nghyg; gJq;fp te;jhd;; kfd;. ifiaePl;bdhd;. ngupak;kh nfhLf;f Kw;gl;lhu;. %j;j kfs; ky;ypfh mtsJ ifiaj; jl;b tpl;lhs;. capUld; tho;e;jNghJ ngw;wtisg; Ngzplhj mtidg; ngz;fs; kwpj;J epd;wdh;.

RLfhl;by;:

RLfhl;by; md;dfhKtpd; cly; fplj;jg;gl;lJ. ‘mtid tpLq;fa;ah> nfhs;sp itf;fl;Lk;” vd;W ngupatu; xUtu;$wpdhh;. ‘mtd; nfhs;spf;Flk; vLj;jhy; ehq;fs; ahUk; Flk; nfhj;j khl;Nlhk;” vd;wdh; kUkfd;fs;.

Jzpe;j ky;ypfh:

%j;j kfs; ky;ypfh vq;f mk;khTf;F ehNd nfhs;sp itf;fpNwd;” vd;W nfhs;spf; Flj;ijj; J}f;fpdhu;. %j;jkUkfd; ,uhk;Fkhu; Flj;ijf; nfhj;jpdhu;. gPwpl;L te;j jz;zPu; kz;iz eidj;jJ. jhapd; jiykhl;by; Flj;ijcilj;jhs;. ’jpUk;gpg; ghu;f;fhky; el” vd;w ngupak;khTld; ele;jhs;.

KbTiu: tajhd ngw;Nwhiug; Ngzpg; ghJfhf;f Ntz;ba kfNd mtu;fisg; Gwf;fzpj;jhd;. mtid ,Wjprlq;F nra;a tplhky;; xU fpuhkNk Gwf;fzpj;jJ epahaNk ! ,e;j kfDf;F kl;Lky;y ! ngw;wtu;fisg; Gwf;fzpf;Fk;xt;nthU kfDf;Fk; tpOk; rhpahd rhl;ilab ,e;jf; fij !ePjp: jha; je;ijaiug; Ngzpf; fhf;f Ntz;Lk;.

______



50

6. fpopry;(ehQ;rpy; ehld;)

Kd;Diu:

,d;W kw;wtu; nghUisf; nfhs;isapl;L> nfhw;wtu; Nghy; thoj; Jbf;Fk; kdq;fs; ngUfptpl;ld. ,e;j cyfpy;tha;g;igj; Njbr; nrd;W Vkhw;WNthu; cz;L> tha;g;Gf; fpilf;Fk; NghJ Vkhw;Wgtu;fSk; cz;L. ,jpy; khzpf;fj;jpd;je;ijia vjpy; Nrh;g;gJ? je;ijapd; gz;ghl;by; Vw;gl;l fpopryhy; kfdpd; cs;sj;jpy; Vw;gl;l fpoprNy ehQ;rpy;ehldpd; fpopry;.

RrPe;juk; Nfhapy; jpUtpoh

Mz;L NjhWk; RrPe;juk; Nfhapypy; gj;J ehs; jpUtpoh eilngWk;. nfhb Vw;wpa Kjy; %d;W ehs; $l;lk; ,Uf;fhJ.ehyhk; ehs; Kjy; tpba tpba tpahghuk; elf;Fk;. NjNuhl;lk; md;W filf;F Xa;Nt fpilahJ.

,irtpoh

tpohtpd; xt;nthU ehSk; ,uz;L fr;Nrhpfs; elf;Fk;. MW kzp Kjy; xd;gJ kzp tiu ,irthzh; ghLthh;.gpwF %d;W kzp tiu ,irf; fUtpfis ,irg;Nghhpd; fr;Nrupfs; elf;Fk;. ,jdhy; Rw;Wtl;lhu kf;fs; XusT,irQhdk; ngw;wpUe;jdu;.

gftjp tpyh]; fhgp fpsg;

Nkiyj; njU kfhuh[d;> nfhb Vwpa md;Nw kz; Rtu; vOg;gpdhh;. rikf;Fk; ,lk;> rhg;gpLk; ,lk; vdg; gphpj;jhh; :Xiyahy; milj;jhh;; gj;J ePsg; ngQ;RfSk; NkirfSk; Nghl;lhh; ; gftjp tpyh]; fhgp fpsg; vd;W ngahpl;lhh;.mtuJ filapy; Njhir> ,l;yp> g[;[p> til vd rhg;gpl tUk; $l;lk; miy NkhJk;. $l;lk; ngUfg; ngUf msTk;juKk; FiwAk;. mq;F jpUtpohf; fhyj;jpy; ,J Nghy; gy filfs; cz;L. mq;Fk; $l;lk; miy NkhJk;.

khzpf;fj;jpd; ,irmwpT

khzpf;fk; xd;gjhk; tFg;G khztd;> rq;fPjj;jpy; <LghL fpilahNj jtpu rpdpkhg;ghl;il mg;gbNa ghLthd;jkpohrpupau; ,irAld; fw;Wf; nfhLj;j Njthu jpUthrg; ghly;fisr; rpdpkhg; ghliyg;Nghy; mtdhy; ghl Kbatpy;iy. Mz;LNjhWk; jpUtpohtpd; ,irf;fr;Nrhpf;Fr; nry;Yk; mtdJ je;ijf;Fk; ,irQhdk; mt;tstha;,y;iy.

‘je;ij nrhy;kpf;f ke;jpukpy;iy”

jpUtpoh tpsk;guj;jhisg; ghh;j;j clNd khzpf;fk; ,e;j Mz;L jhDk; jpUtpohtpw;Fr; nry;tJ vd;WjPh;khdpj;jhd;. je;ijia er;rhpj;jhd;. je;ijNah jpUtpoh filfisg; ghh;j;J mij thq;fp jh ! ,ij thq;fp jh!vd;W mlk; gpbf;ff; $lhJ ; Neukhfp tpl;lNj cwf;fk; tUfpwJ vd;W nrhy;yf; $lhJ vd;gd Nghd;wepge;jidfis tpjpj;jhh;. je;ij nrhy;iyj; jl;lhj jdadhfr; nray;gLNtd; vd;W cWjp mspj;jhd; khzpf;fk;.,UtUk; khiy Ie;J kzpf;nfy;yhk; ed;whfr; rhg;gpl;L tpl;Lf; fpsk;gpdh;.

,urpj;jJ neQ;rk;! ,dpj;jJ ghly;!RrPe;jpuf; Nfhapypy; rPh;fhop Nfhtpe;juh[d; ghbf; nfhz;bUe;jhh;. $l;lk; mjpfkhf ,Ue;jJ. Kd;thpirapy; cl;fhu,lkpy;iy. Nfhapy; kz;lgr; Rthpy; Vwp mtiug; ghh;f;Fk; gbahf cl;fhh;e;J nfhz;ldh;. rPh;fhopapd; ghly;fs;nka;rpyph;f;fr; nra;jd. fhjpy; Njd; ghar; nra;jd. ,uT xd;gjiu kzp MdJ. fr;Nrhp Kbe;jJ. xUkzp Neu,ilntsp. ,e;j ,ilNtisapy; rh;f;f]{k;> nuf;fhh;l; lhd;Rk; Kk;kukha; ele;jd. mjd;gpd; N\f;rpd;dnksyhdhtpd; ehjRuf; fr;Nrup> tyag;gl;b> tyq;ifkhdpd; jtpy;.

thl;baJ grp ! jLj;jJ fl;lis !‘jpLk; jpLk;” vdj; jtpy;fs; mjph;e;jd. khzpf;fj;jpw;F cwf;fk; te;jJ. fr;Nrhp Kba ,d;Dk; ,uz;L kzp NeukhtJMFk;. ,uT xU kzpf;F ,UtUk; tPL jpUk;g vOe;jdh;. mtDf;F tapW grpj;jJ. mg;gh nrhd;d epge;jidfs;mtd; epidtpy; vOe;jd. filfspy; gl;rzq;fspd; kzk; tPrpaJ. gftjp tpyh]; gf;fk; te;jdh;. ‘tapW grpf;fNy!”vd;whh; mg;gh. ‘Mk;” vd;whd; khzpf;fk;. ,UtUk; $l;l nehprypy; filf;Fs; Eioe;J> ,lk; gpbj;J cl;fhh;e;jdh;.

neUf;fpaJ $l;lk; ! fpilj;jJ ,lk;!filf;Fs; neUf;fpaJ $l;lk;. ,lk; gpbj;J cl;fhh;e;jdh;. MSf;F ehY Njhir> ,uz;L ,urtil rhg;gpl;Lj;NjePh; Fbj;jdh;. tpiyg;gl;baiyg; ghh;j;J khzpf;fk; fzf;Fg; Nghl;lhd;. jhq;fs; rhg;gpl;ljpw;F Md njhif,uz;L &gha; njhz;Z}W igrh vd;W fzf;F itj;Jf; nfhz;lhd;. gzk; nfhLf;Fk; ,lj;jpw;F te;jdh;.

gwe;jJ gz;G

‘ fz;zhb Nghl;l mz;zhr;rp ehY Kg;gJ”.

‘mLj;jhg;Ny xU xz;Z ,UgJ”.

‘ghl;lh xd;Z mQ;R” vd;W Fuy;fs; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jd. gzj;ij thq;FgtUf;F Kfj;ij Vwpl;Lg;ghh;f;fNth> fhir vz;zp thq;fNth Neukpy;yhj mstpw;Ff; $l;lk;!



51

je;;ijapd; nray;

khzpf;fj;jpd; je;ij Xh; Ik;gJ igrhit vLj;J Nkir kPJ itj;jhh;. Vwpl;Lg; ghh;j;j filf;fhuhplk; ‘,uz;LNjePh; vd;whh;. khzpf;fj;jpd; ifiag; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L eiliaf; fl;bdhh;.

jPh;khdpj;jJ kdk;

rpwpJ J}uk; nrd;wJk; mg;ghtpd; Kfj;ij Xuf; fz;zhy; ghh;j;jhd;. ,jw;Fj; jhd; mg;gh Mz;LNjhWk; fr;Nrhpf;FtUfpwhNuh? ,dpNky; ,tUld; tuf;$lhJ vd;WjPh;khdpj;jhd;.

KbTiu:

tWik mg;ghtpd; igapy; ,y;iy. ,jaj;jpy; my;yth cs;sJ? rl;ilapy; fpopry; vd;why; Crp E}yhy; ijf;fyhk;.,jaj;jpy; - gz;ghl;bd; fpopry; vd;why; vd;d nra;tJ? ve;j Crpahy; ijg;gJ? mJ kl;Lkd;W> khzpf;fj;jpd;NtiyNjLk; epiyawpe;J jq;fs; epWtdj;jpNyNa cahpa gjtpia mspj;Jr; rpwg;Gr; nra;jdh;. gpwF> tPl;bw;F te;jkhzpf;fk; je;ijaplk; nrhd;dhd; ‘mg;gh> md;W gzj;jpw;F Mirg;gl;L> mth;fisf; fhg;ghw;whky; NghapUe;jhy;,njy;yhk; ele;jpUf;Fkh?” vdf; Nfl;f> jiy Fdpe;jthNw je;ij nrhd;dhh;. Mkhk; kfNd! Neh;ikapd; jpwj;ijczh;e;J nfhz;Nld;. ,dp ve;ehSk; ehd; ahiuAk; Vkhw;w khl;Nld;” vd;W fz;zPh; ky;f je;ij ciuj;jijNfl;L kfd; ngUkpjk; mile;jhd;. mg;ghit md;Gld; mizj;Jf; nfhz;lhd;.

*******7. Xh; cy;yhrg; gazk;

tz;zjhrd;

Kd;Diu:

‘nfhbJ nfhbJ tWik nfhbJ

mjdpDk; nfhbJ ,sikapy; tWik”

vd;whh; xsitahh;. mjd;gb nghUshjhu trjpaw;w kf;fspd; kd ,ay;ig kdk; fth;e;j fjhghj;jpuk; ,e;jf; fijapy;cyh tUk; fjhghj;jpuq;fspy; tPl;L Ntiyfis ,Oj;Jg; Nghl;Lr; nra;Ak; kfdpd; fjhghj;jpuNk vd;idf; fth;e;jfjhghj;jpukhFk;.

jhapd; fU

jd; kfid ,d;gr; Rw;Wyhtpw;F mDg;g ,ayhky; jtpf;Fk; je;ijapd; md;Gs;sk;> FLk;gepiy mwpe;J ele;Jnfhs;Sk; kfdpd; cs;sg;ghq;F. ,tw;iw Mrphpah; ,r;rpWfijapy; mUikahf tpsf;fpAs;shh;.

fjhghj;jpuq;fs;

,e;jf; fijapy; fij khe;jh; vtUila ngaUk; $wg;gltpy;iy. je;ij> jha;> kfd;> kfs;> Mrphpah; vd cwTKiwg;ngah;fSk; njhopw; ngah;fSk; kl;LNk ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd.

kdk; fth;e;j ghj;jpuk;

,f;fij khe;jh;fSs; vd; kdk; fth;e;j fjhghj;jpuk; ‘kfd;’ (%j;j kfd;)Mthh;. tpUk;gf; fhuzk; vl;lhk; tFg;Gg;gbf;Fk; igad; jd; FLk;gr;#o;epiyia mwpe;J ele;J nfhs;fpwhd;. FLk;gg; gzpfisg; nghWg;NghL nra;fpwhd;.

je;ijapd; epiy czh;e;j jdad;

xU ehs; fhiy vl;liu kzp ,Uf;Fk;. kfd; rptg;G epw Nehl;B]; xd;iwf; nfhLj;jhd;. mJ xd;Wk; GjpaJmd;W. Mz;LNjhWk; Re;jpu jpdj;ij xl;b mtd; gs;spapy; cy;yhrg; gazk; mioj;Jr; nry;tJ cz;L. mjw;fhdtpsk;guk; jhd; mJ.

kfdpd; nksdk;

fle;j Mz;Nl mLj;j tUlk; fz;bg;ghf mDg;GfpNwd; vd;W nrhy;ypapUe;jhh;. itj;jpar; nryT> fypahzr;nryT> tPl;Lr; nryT> mJ ,J vdr; nryTfs;mjpfhpj;jJ. mjdhy; ,e;j tUlKk; mtuhy; kfidr; Rw;Wyhtpw;FmDg;g ,aytpy;iy. Fw;whyk; Nghf Ntz;Lk; vd;W mtd; Nfl;fTk; ,y;iy. mlk;gpbf;fTk; ,y;iy. mtd; Nfl;fkhl;lhdh? Nfl;lhy; jd; epiyia tpsf;fyhNk!” vd epidj;jhh; je;ij. jd; epiyia tpsf;f xU tha;g;Gf; $ljutpy;iy. je;ijapd; epiyia czh;e;J nray;gLk; ,e;j kfd; ek; ghuhl;Lf; Fhpatd;.

kWg;Gr; nrhy;yh cs;sk;

tpwFf; filf;Fr; nrd;W tpwF thq;fp tUfpwhd;. kioiaf; fz;lJk; tpwif vLj;J mLf;fisapy; NghLfpwhd;.mk;kh gzpj;jgb rpiff;fha; thq;fp tur; nrd;whd;. mtd; tUtjw;Fs; rhuYk; fhw;Wkha; kionga;aj;njhlq;fptpl;lJ. ,q;NfNa ,g;gb ,Uf;fpwNj ! Fw;whyj;jpy; jz;zPh; vt;tsT nfhl;Lk;?” vd;W epidj;jJk;je;ijf;Nf Fw;whyk; Nghf Ntz;Lk; Nghy; ,Ue;jJ.

je;ijia Nghw;Wk; jdad;

‘tpLjiy jpUehSf;F ngz; gps;isfs; ,UtUk; gs;spf;Fr; nrd;whh;fs;. kioapy; eide;J tpLthh;fs; Nghq;f!



52

Nghq;f! Filia vLj;Jl;Lg; Nghq;f!” vd;whs; mk;kh. clNd kfd; Filia vLj;Jf; nfhz;L Xbdhd;. kfdpd;nray;fsisg; ghh;j;j je;ij ,td; Vd; ,g;gb ,e;j tajpy; vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; ehd; jhd; vd;W ,Oj;Jg; Nghl;Lr;nra;fpwhd;. ‘khl;Nld; ; KbahJ” vd;W mtDf;F Vd; nrhy;yj; njhpatpy;iy” vd;W tpaf;fpwhh;. ‘,t;tsTnghWg;ghjd gps;isia Rw;Wyhtpw;F mDg;g ,aytpy;iyNa” vd epidj;jJk; VNjh xU Jf;fk; epfo;e;jJ Nghykdk; jtpj;jJ.

mgpea Re;jhp

Foe;ijfs; tUk; Xir Nfl;lJ. nghpa ngz; Filia klf;fpf; nfhz;L cs;Ns te;jhs;. ‘mg;gh ! mz;zd; vjph;tPl;Lj; jl;Nlhbapy; ,Ue;J jpL jpLd;D jz;zPh; tpOfpwNj mijg; ghh;j;Jl;L epw;fpwhd;. vt;tsT cauj;jpypUe;Jjz;zPh; tpOJ njhpAkh?” vd;W mgpea Re;;jhp mgpeaj;Jf; fhl;bdhs;.

Njb te;j Fw;whyk;

ntspNa te;J ghh;j;jhh; je;ij. vjph;j;j tPl;Lj; jl;Nlhbapy; ,Ue;J jz;zPh; mfyg;gl;ilahf tpOe;jJ. ‘mUtptpOJ! mUtp tpOJ!“ vd;W ghbf; nfhz;Lk;> Mbf; nfhz;Lk; Mde;jf; $j;jhbdhd; kfd;. ifapYk; jiyapYk;jz;zPh; tpOk;gb Kd;Dk; gpd;Dk; rha;e;jhbdhd;. ‘N`ha;” vd;W $r;rypl;L kfpo;e;jhd;.

vq;Nf Ngha;j; njhiye;jhd;?

je;ij ,e;jf; fhl;rpiag; ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhh;. kdRf;Fs; nksdkha; mOjhh;. mg;NghJ mth; kidtp> ‘,e;jnfhl;lw kioapy vq;Nf Ngha; njhiye;jhd; mtd;?” vd;whs;. mtNuh fufuj;j Fuypy; ‘Fw;whyj;jpw;F” vd;whh;.

KbTiu

kfd; gd;dpuz;L taJg; ghyfd; ; FLk;gj;jpd; nghUshjhu epiyia czh;e;jtd;. Rw;Wyhtpw;Fj; je;ijmDg;gtpy;iyNa vd;W NfhgNkh ! tUj;jNkh! mtdplk; ,y;iy. tPl;Lg; gzpfisj; jhNd ,Oj;Jg; Nghl;Lr; nra;Ak;,e;jg; gz;ghd gps;isia - ,e;j kfid ahUf;Fj;jhd; gpbf;fhky; NghFk;?

ePjp

,dpa gz;Gilath;fis ,aw;ifNa ehb tUk; vd;Dk; ePjpia czh;j;JfpwJ.

______

2. Xh; cy;yhrg; gazk; - ,r;rpWfijia ehlfkhf tbtikf;f

Xh; cy;yhrg; gazk; - ehlfk;

fhl;rp : 1

,lk; - tPL

fhyk; - fhiy 8.30 kzp

gq;F ngWNthh; - jha;> je;ij> kfd;

je;ij (mLf;fisiag; ghh;j;jgb) rhg;gplyhkh?

jha; nghz;Zf;Fj; jiy gpd;dp tplZk;. Mj;Jj; jz;zp gpbf;fZk;. M];gj;jphpf;Fg; NghfZk;. ,t;tsTNtiyf;Fk; kj;jpapy; ePq;fSk; rhg;gplyhkh? rhg;gplyhkh?z;Z rpd;d gps;isapYk; Nflha;g; gwe;jhy; ehd; vd;dgz;z? vdf;F vd;d VO ifah ,Uf;F?

kfd; (xU rptg;G epw mwptpg;Gr; rPl;ilj; je;ijaplk; nfhLj;jgb) mg;gh ,ijg; ghUq;fs;!je;ij (je;ij kfidg; ghh;j;jgb) vd;d ,J?

kfd; ( kfDf;Fg; gzk; ju Kbahj epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ> mtd; Nehl;by; tiutijg; ghh;j;J) vd;d jhkiug;G+tiuawpah?kfd; Mkh! (je;ij VNjh nrhy;y epidf;Fk; NghJ) jhkiug;G+ ey;yhUf;fhg;gh?

jha; mq;Nf vd;d Chpy; ,y;yhj fij Ngrp MFNjh> njhpaiyNa vd;dNkh uapYf;Fg; Nghfpw khjphp rhg;gplZk;rhg;gplZk;D mbr;Rf;fpl;Nld; mg;gij !kfd; (je;ijiag; ghh;j;J )mk;kh> rhg;gplf; $g;gpLwhq;fg;gh !

(jpiu)

fhl;rp : 2

,lk; - tPL

fhyk; - Kw;gfy;

gq;F ngWNthh; - jha;> je;ij> kfd;

je;ij (kfdplk;) tpwiff; nfhz;L Ngha; mLg;gbf;Fs;NsNa Nghl;bL kio tUk; NghypUf;F ! ...jha; (fztDf;Ff; Nfl;Fk;gb) thu ghijapNy mg;gbNa iyl;ilg; Nghl;Ltpl;L thq;f. Ig;grp fhh;j;jpif kio



53

,g;Nghjhd; milr;Rg; nga;a Nghw khjphp ,Ul;bf; fplf;F.......... mtid vq;Nf? rPaf;fha;g; nghl;lyk; thq;fpl;Lthz;Z mDg;gpNdd;. NghNa Ngha; njhiyQ;Rl;lhd; NghypUf;F. rpd;dJ njhl;by;y fple;Jf;fpl;L rpZq;fpdhy;njhl;biy Ml;b tpLfpwJ ahUz;Z njhpaiy ..........

jha; mJ vd;d rj;jk;? kioah tpOJ. nfhbapNy <uj;Jzpnay;yhk; fhag; Nghl;bUe;NjNd vy;yhj;ijAk;tPl;Lf;Fs;Ns ms;spf; nfhz;zhe;J Nghl;lh vd;d? ,ijnay;yhk; Nrhw;Wg; ghidf;F Kd;dhy epw;fpw kDrpjhd;nrhy;yZkh?

(je;ij nfhbapy; fhag; Nghl;bUe;j Jzpfisf; nfhz;L te;J tpl;bDs; Nrh;f;;fpwhh;)

( kio ed;whf tYj;Jtpl;lJ)

jha; rjrjz;Z <uj;ij kpjpr;Rl;L tPl;Lf;Fk; thrYf;Fk; elkhb ehrk; gz;zhjpa. xU gioa rhf;if vLj;Jg;Nghlr; nrhy;Yq;f mtid ! vd;dNkh Rje;jpujpdk;> nfhbNaj;jk; vd;W nghpatSk;> eLTs;sJk; gs;spf;$lj;Jf;Fg; Ngha; njhiyQ;RUf;F. Filia vLj;Jf;fpl;Lg; Ngha; mijf; $l;bf;fpl;L thq;f ! eidQ;Rl;Lte;J> mg;Gwk; fha;r;ry;> kz;il ,bz;Z te;jplg; NghFJ! ( je;ij rhf;if vLj;Jg; Nghl> kfd; Fil vLj;Jf;nfhz;L ntspNa nry;fpwhd;. nrhy;tjw;F Kd; nra;j kfdpd; ,r;nraiyf; fz;L kdKUfp epw;fpwhh;> je;ij)

jpiu

fhl;rp- 3

,lk; - tPL

fhyk; - gpw;gfy;

gq;FngWNthh; - jha;> je;ij> kfd;> ,Ukfs;fs;

( ,U kfs;fSk; Filiag; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L> tPL te;J Nrh;fpd;wdh;.)

jq;if (je;ijaplk;) mz;zd; njUthrypy; epw;fhk;gh. vjph;j;j tPl;L jl;NlhbNyapUe;J jpLjpLz;Z jz;zptpOJy;yg;gh> mijg; ghh;j;Jf;fpl;bUf;fhd;. ,t;Nsh cruj;jpNyapUe;J nuhk;gj; jz;zp tpOJg;gh.

jha; (mijf; Nfl;Lf;nfhz;Nl) vd;dJ? kioj;jz;zp tpOfpwij Ntbf;if ghh;j;Jf;fpl;L epw;fpwhdh? Ntbf;ifvd;d Ntz;b fplf;F? ehY Flk; jz;zpiag; gpbj;J itj;jhyhtJ> ehisAk; gpd;NdAk; NrhW nghq;fpwJf;FMFk;. Mj;Jj; jz;zpf;Ff; fhj;Jf; fplf;fpw NeukhtJ kpQ;Rk;. mtidf; $g;gpl;Lf; Filiaf; ifapy; nfhLj;Jj;jz;zp gpbf;fr; nrhy;yf; $lhjh?

(je;ij cs;Ns nrd;W> jz;zPh; gpbg;gjw;fhfg; ghj;jpuq;fis vLj;Jf; nfhz;L ntspNa tUfpwhh;. kfNdh nga;Jnfhz;bUf;Fk; kioePhpy; kfpo;r;rpAld; Fspj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhd;. ‘mUtp tpOJ ! mUtp tpOJ!’ vdg; ghbf;nfhz;bUe;jhd;. je;ij mtdJ kfpo;r;rpiaf; fz;L fhypg; ghj;jpuq;fSld; tPl;bw;Fj; jpUk;gpdhh;.)

jha; ifapNy nrg;Gg; ghidAq; FilAkh jpUk;gp te;jhr;Nr vd;d tp\ak;? mtidf; fhNzhkh? me;jf; fhpKbthd;,e;j kioNahl kioaha; vq;Nf Ngha;j; njhiyQ;rhd;?

je;ij ( rpwpJ Neuj;jpw;F gpwF> fufuj;j Fuypy;) Fw;whyj;Jf;F !(jpiu)

Kw;Wk;

*****8. xt;nthU fy;yha; (jpwdha;T)

Kd;Diu

‘fld;gl;lhh; neQ;rk; Nghy;

fyq;fpdhd; ,yq;if Nte;jd;”

vd;gJ ,uhkhazk; ,q;Nf fld;gl;L nrhe;j tPL fl;b fyq;fpa neQ;rq;fisr; rpj;jhpf;fpwJ ,e;jf; fl;Liuf;fUk;G ! Vyk; Nghy; kzf;fpd;w vd; jkpopy; - re;jdkha; kzf;fpd;w nre;jkpopy; vLj;Jiuj;Njd; gbj;Jg; ghUq;fs;,dpf;Fk;.

xz;bf; Fbj;jdf;fhuhpd; gw;Wk; ghrKk;

xz;bf; Fbj;jdf;fhuh; kidtp> kf;fis kpfTk; Nerpg;gth;. xz;bf; Fbj;jdj;jpy; mth;fs; gl;l Jd;gj;ijepidj;Jg; ghh;f;fpwhs;. kPz;Lk; me;j epiy jdJ FLk;gj;jpw;F te;Jtplf;$lhJ vd;gjpy; cWjpahf ,Uf;fpwhh;.mjdhy; fld;gl;L kid thq;fp> tPl;ilAk; fl;b tpLfpwhh;. jdJ ,d;g Jd;gq;fis kidtpNahL gfph;e;Jnfhs;fpwhh;. nghWg;Gfis czh;e;J nray;gLfpwhh;. kw;wth;fspd; tpUg;G ntWg;Gfis kjpf;fj; njhpe;j ,th;ehzaKs;s ey;y kdpjh;.

ey;y kidtp

‘fhjypUth; fUj;njhUkpj;J

MjuTg;gl;l tho;tpy; ,d;gk; ,dpf;Fk;



54

vd;W ghuhl;LkhW ,dpa tho;f;if elj;jpdhh; xz;bf;Fbj;jdf;fhuhpd; kidtp.

,th;jd; nghWg;igAk; flikiaAk; czh;e;j ,y;yj;jurp Mthh;. tPl;bd; chpikahsh; NtW ahUf;fhtJ tPl;ilmlF itj;J tpl;lhy; cz;lhFk; gpd; tpisTfis vLj;Jf; $WgtUk; ,tNu. ‘ ehKk; nrhe;jkhf tPL fl;lyhk;”vd;w vz;zj;ijf; fztd; neQ;rpy; tpijg;gtUk; ,tNu. kid thq;fTk;> jpl;lkpl;Lj; Njitahd trjpfSld;tPLfl;lTk; ,tNu Jiz epw;fpwhh;. fld; njhy;iy neUq;Fk; NghJ ‘mfyf;fhy; itj;J tpl;Bh;fs;” vdr; ruhrhpg;ngz;zhfr; Rl;bf;fhl;batUk; ,tNu. vdpDk; fztdpd; vy;yhr; nray;fspYk; gq;F nfhz;L> Jd;gq;fSf;Fj;Njhs; nfhLj;J cjTtjhy; ,tiu ‘ ew;FzKila ey;y kidtp’ vd;W $wyhk;.

‘kidtp miktnjy;yhk;

,iwtd; nfhLj;j tuk;”

vd;w nghd;nkhopf;F ,yf;fzkhf tho;e;jth;.

cz;ik tpsk;gp

tPl;bd; chpikahsh; Ngz;l;fhuh;. ‘fld; thq;fp tPl;ilf; fl;b tpl;Nld;. Fiwfs; ,Uf;fj; jhd; nra;Ak;. thlifKe;E}W &gha;. Kd; gzk; %thapuk; &gha;. ehd; FbapUf;Fk; tPl;Lf;F E}w;iwk;gJ &gha;jhd; thlif.,g;Nghijf;F ehq;fs; ,e;j tPl;bw;Ff; Fb tukhl;Nlhk;. %r;R Kl;Lk; fld; njhy;iy ePq;fpa gpwF jhd; Nahrpg;Nghk;”vd;Wiuj;j Ngz;l;fhuh; Xh; cz;ik tpsk;gpahthh;.

ghrKs;s je;ij

fld; thq;fp Jd;Gw;W> jhd; fl;ba tPl;bw;Fj; jd;ngaiu itf;ftpy;iy. mth;> ‘Fkhh; ,y;yk’; vdj; jd; kfdpd;ngaiuNa itj;jhh;. mg;ngaiuAk;> xU rhz; cau vOj;Jf;fshfr; rpnkz;by; nra;J> nkhl;ilkhbr; Rthpy; Vw;wpitj;Jg; ghrj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jfpwhh;.

nghWg;ghd je;ij

jd; kidtp kf;fis eykhfTk; trjpahfTk; thoitf;fNt nrhe;jkhf tPL fl;bdhh;. vdNt> ,th; nghWg;Gzh;TkpFe;j je;ij vd;gJ njhpfpwJ. jilfisAk; ,d;dy;fisAk; jhz;b tPl;ilf; fl;btpl;l rhkh;j;jparhyp ,e;jg;Ngz;l;fhuh;.

Neh;ikahsh;

ehl;fs; efh;e;jd. xUehs; tPl;bd; chpikahsh; ‘Ntl;b fl;Lfpwtd; ifyp fl;Lfpwtd; vy;yhk; nrhe;j tPLfl;LfpwhNd vd;W vz;zp > ehDk; nrhe;j tPL fl;l Mirg;gl;lJ jtwhfg; Nghr;R thq;fpa fld; fOj;ijnehpf;fpwJ. ,e;j tPl;il <lhf itj;Jf; nfhz;L ehw;gjhapuk; &gha; fldhfj;jhUq;fs;. Chpy; cs;s epyGyd;fistpw;W kPl;Lf; nfhs;fpNwd;. cq;fSf;Fk; Ke;E}W &gha; thlif kpr;rkhFk; vd;whh;. thq;fpa flidj; jpUg;gpr;nrYj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;w ey;y Nehf;fj;jpw;fhfNt xt;nthU fy;yha;g; ghh;j;Jf; fl;ba tPl;ilNa <L nfhLf;fJzpe;jhh;.

ey;y kdpjh;

nkhj;jj;jpy; tPl;bd; chpikahsh; FLk;gg; nghWg;G> flik czh;r;rp> Neh;ik ehzak;> kdpj Neak; epiwe;j ey;ykdpjuhff; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;shh;.

KbTiu

,f;fijapy; ,lk;ngWk; khe;jh;fs; tUtha;f;F Nky; nryT nra;fpd;wdh; rf;jpf;F kPwp fld; thq;Ffpd;wdh;. ,Ue;jhYk;Neh;ikAk; ehzaKk; jtwhj gz;Gila> nghWg;Gila khe;jh;fshfNt fhl;lg; ngWfpd;wdh;.

ePjp :

tuTf;Nfw;w nryT Ntz;Lk;. ,y;iynadpy; fld;gl;L fyq;f NehpLk;.

***********9. kz; (ma;f;fz;)

,uhkhap - fjhgj;jpuj; jpwdha;T

fijr; RUf;fk;:

kfj;Jtg; gpwg;ghk; khdplg;gpwg;G !mjpy; kq;ifauhfg; gpwg;gNj gy jtq;fspd; - tuq;fspd; rpwg;G! ,ij kwe;J Ky;iy mUk;Gfisf; fs;spg; ghYf;Fk;fLf;fha;f;Fk; fhzpf;ifahf;Fk; rKjha mtyj;ijr; rhLtNj ma;f;fz; vOjpa kz; fijapd; kfj;Jtk;.

fjhghj;jpuq;fs;

fUg;igah - ,uhkhap vd;w jkpo; jk;gjpah; ; hpr;rh;L - yp]p vd;w Mq;fpNyaj; jk;gjpah; ; Nrth njhz;L epWtdh;Nfhtpuh[;> #ug;gl;b kf;fs;> ‘ ngz; rpRf;nfhiy’ vd;w rpf;fy; epiwe;j rpj;jpuNk kz; thrid.

kdk; fth;e;j fjhghj;jpuk;

,uhkhapjhd; ,f;fijapd; ehafp! r%f Nrtfp! vd; cs;sk; fth;e;j cj;jkp !



55

tWikapw; nrk;ik

R+ug;gl;b fpuhkk; thdk; ghh;j;j G+kp> mq;F Mz;L KOtJk; tptrha Ntiy ,Ug;gJ ,y;iy. ,uhkhap>

NrhW fpilj;j NghJ cz;L

fpilf;fhj NghJ Nrhq;fp thOk;

vspa - Vo;ik tho;f;if cilats;jhd;. Mdhy;> ‘tWikapw; nrk;ik’ vd;W ghuhl;lj; jFe;j cd;dj tho;f;ifmtsJ tho;f;if !tWikapd; epwk; rptg;G

me;j tl;lhuj;jpy;> epyTfsha; - Kj;Jfsha; - Viofspd; ,y;yj;jpy; gpwg;ngLf;Fk; ngz; rpRf;fs; ! t Wikj;jhz;ltKk; mwpahikAk; me;Njh ! me;j Ky;iy mUk;Gfspd; caph; Fbf;Fk; !njhz;Ls;sk; tha;e;j njhz;lh;

Nfhtpuh[; - ,th; kz;zpy; kq;ifah; eyk; fhj;jpl kW ghujpaha; cUf;nfhz;lth;. mth; nra;jpl;l Nritfisg;gbj;j ehnty;yhk; tho;j;Jk>; ghh;j;j cs;snky;yhk; cUFk;. ngz;rpRf; nfhiyahy; rKjhar; rkdpiy rPh;FiyAk;vd;gijr; re;jh;g;gk; fpilj;j Nghnjy;yhk; Nghjpg;gth;.

Nfhtpuh[pd; mwpTiufs; fUg;igah ,uhkhap jk;gjpah; kdijj; njhl;ld. ,uhkhap ,ay;ghfNt ,uf;f kdk;cilats;. Nfhtpuh[pd; Ngr;rhy; mQ;rh neQ;rk; ngw;whs;. mtsJ <uKk; tPuKk; ngz;rpRf; nfhiyf;F vjpuhfNghuhlmtSf;F Njhs;nfhLj;jd.

jha;g;ghrk;

fUg;igah- ,uhkhap jk;gjpah;f;F ,uz;L ngz; kf;fs;. ,uz;L KiwAk; fs;spg;ghYld; tUif je;jCh;g;ngz;fspd; fhy;fspy; tpOe;J> fjwp mOJ jd; koiyfis kz;zpy; jtor; nra;J tpl;lhs; ,uhkhap ! me;jj;jha;;ghrk; - caph;Nerk; vd;idf; fth;e;jJ. %d;whk; Kiwahfj; jha;ik mile;jhs; ,uhkhap.

epytpYk; xU Fiw

‘N]th’ njhz;L epWtdj;jpw;F Njhs; nfhLg;gth;fs; hpr;rh;L - yprp vd;w ntspehl;Lj; jk;gjpah;. mth;fs; cly;epwk; NghyNt kdJk; nts;is. ghy; epytpYk; fiw xU FiwahfNt cs;sJ Nghy ,th;fSf;Ff; Foe;ijg; NgW,y;iy vd;gJ xU Fiwahf ,Ue;jJ. kbapy; jtOk; koiyr; nry;tk; ,y;yhJ kWfpdh;! jkpo; ehl;Lf; Foe;ijiajj;njLj;J tsh;f;f tpUk;gpdh;. jkJ tpUg;gj;ijj; Nfhtpuh[plk; $wpapUe;jdh;.

jha;ikapd; cd;djk;

‘%zhtJ nghz;Z Kj;jnky;yhk; nghd;D”

vd;W jd; kfitf; nfhQ;rpats; fs;spg;ghYld; te;J epd;w ngz;fisg; ghh;j;J mjph;e;J Nghdhs;. khpf;nfhOe;jhftyk; tUk; ,uhkhap jd;Fyf;nfhOe;ij cyfpy; tho itf;fj; Jzpe;jhs; #ug;gl;b kq;ifah; eLNt Fl;br; rpq;fkha;j;jpfo;e;jhs;. fs;spg; ghYf;F eLtpy; jhyhl;Lg; ghLk; ,uhkhap fjhghj;jpuk; jha;ikapd; cd;djk;!fUj;njhUkpj;j tho;T

,e;jr; #oypy; Nfhtpuh[; te;jhh;. hpr;rh;L - yp]papd; Kbitr; nrhd;dhh;. kfitf; fhf;f top nrhd;dhh;. Nrhh;e;JNghd jk;gjpah; Nrh;e;J rpe;jpj;jdh;. Ch;kf;fspd; kpul;liyAk; kjpahky; jj;Jf; nfhLj;jdh;. ,t;thW fztDld;fUj;njhUkpj;J tho;e;j ,uhkhap fjhghj;jpuk; vd;id <h;j;jJ.

topNky; tpop

gps;isiaj; jj;Jf; nfhLj;jij ,uhkhap jtpu Cuhh; kwe;J Mz;Lfs; 21 Xbg;NghdJ. jj;jhfg; Nghd kfTthiy ,sq;Fkhpahfj; jha; kz;zpy; fhyb gjpf;fpwhs;. ,uhkhap kl;Lky;y R+ug;gl;b fpuhkNk tpohf;Nfhyk; G+z;lJ.Nfhtpuh[; tpkhd epiyaj;jpypUe;J mth;fis mioj;J te;jhh;. me;jg; gps;isf;F vd;d ngahpl;ldNuh? Foe;ijfUg;Ngh? rptg;Ngh vd;d nkhop NgRNkh? vd;W Mapuk; Nfs;tpfNshL topNky; tpop itj;J epd;whs; ,uhkhap.

ghrkio nghope;j ,uhkhap

mg;gr;rp ! Mj;jh vg;gb ,Uf;fPq;f! vd;W Re;juj; jkpo; Ngrpa kfisMuj;jOtpdhs;. Mq;fpNya tsh;g;gpy; jkpo;kzk; fko;tij vz;zp tpae;jhs;. kfspd; ngah; jd; khkpahhpd; ngauhd ‘rpd;dj;jhap’ vd;gijf; Nfl;L mre;JNghd ,uhkhap ghrkio nghope;jhs;.

tpUe;Njhk;gy; gz;Gila ,uhkhap

hpr;rh;L - yp]p jk;gjpaiu tuNtw;whs;. gz;Gld; czT je;J cgrhpj;jhs;. jd; kfis jkpo; kz;Zf;Nfw;w ngz;zhftsh;j;j ghd;ikf;F ed;wp ghuhl;bdhs;. jkpoh; gz;ig cgrhpg;gpy; fhl;b tpQ;rp epd;whs;.

tpopj;jpiuapy; ePh;j;Jsp

%d;W ehl;fs; fope;jd. te;jth;fs; tpilngWk; Ntis mJ

‘md;gpw;Fk; cz;Nlh milf;Fe;jho; Mh;tyh;

Gz;fzPh; G+ry; jUk;”



56

vd;w ts;Sthpd; tha;nkhop nka;ahdJ. ,uhkhap jd; kfis tpopj;jpiuapy; ePh;j;Jsp ngUf topaDg;gp itj;jhs;.

jkpo; kz;zpd; kzKk; FzKk; epiwe;j ,uhkhap

hpr;rh;L - yp]p jk;gjpah; Nfhtpuh[plk; ,uhkhap FLk;gj;jpd; tWikg; Nghf;f ,uz;L ,yl;r &gha; kjpg;Gs;s gzj;ijr;Nrh;j;J tpLkhW kJiu tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; nfhLj;Jr; nrd;wdh;. #ug;gl;b te;j Nfhtpuh[; mij me;j jk;gjpahplk;nfhLj;jhh;. Mdhy;> ‘vq;fs; Foe;ijia tpiyf;F tpw;ftpy;iy. jhdkhfj; je;Njhk;. jhdkhff; nfhLj;j xd;wpw;Ftpiy NgRtNjh> mijj; jpUk;gg; ngWtNjh jkpo; kz;zpw;F mofy;y” vd;W $wp mijg;ngw jpl;ltl;lkhfkWj;Jtpl;lhs; ,uhkhap. mJkl;Lky;y clNd mij mth;fSf;Nf jpUg;gp mDg;gp tpLkhW Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhs;.

ghuhl;Lg; ngw;w ,uhkhap

jkpo; kz;zpy; kl;LNk ,uhkhap> rpd;dj;jhap Nghd;w ngz;fs; gpwf;f KbAk;. jpUf;FwSk;> jpUthrfKk; jiof;fKbAk; vd hpr;rh;L ghuhl;Lk; ghf;fpak; ngw;whs;.

KbTiu:

JzpTj; jhuifaha;> gz;gpd; ciwtplkha;> ghrj;jpd; gpwg;gplkha;> kdpj Nea khz;Gilatsha;j; jpfOk; ,uhkhapfjhghj;jpuk; cd;djg; gilg;G.

ePjp : ngz; rpRf; nfhiy $lhJ.

---------------------

10.gopf;F gopmz;zd; - fij khe;jh; jpwdha;T

Kd;Diu

gopf;Fg; gop vd;w rpWfijapd; Mrphpah; j. e. Nrdhjpgjp. rKjhar; rpf;fy;fSf;F jPh;T jUk; ,tuJ rpWfijfs;fhyj;jpd; fz;zhb.

kdk; fth;e;j fjhghj;jpuk;

ghrk;> nghWg;Gzh;T epiwe;j mz;zd; fjhghj;jpuNk vd; kdk; fth;e;j fjhghj;jpukhFk;.

mz;zd; xU Nfhapy;

jha; je;ij ,y;yhj Fiw njhpahky; mz;zd;> fpl;Ltplk; md;ghf ele;J nfhz;lhh;. jk;gpaplk; ghrk; fhl;bdhh;.ed;whfg; gbf;Fk;gb jk;gpia Cf;Ftpj;jhh;. mz;zpAk; fpl;Lit MjuTld; ftdpj;jhs;. gs;sp ,Wjp tFg;gpy;fpl;L Njh;r;rp ngw;whd;.

‘mz;zd; xU Nfhapy; vd;why;

jk;gp mjpy; jPgk; md;Nwh”

vd;Dk;gb tho;f;if nrd;wJ.

fpl;Litg; gr;irag;gd; fy;Y}hpapy; Nrh;j;jhh; mz;zd;. fpl;LTk; Kjyhk; Mz;L ed;whfg; gbj;jhd;. Njh;r;rpngw;whd;. fpl;Litg; nghWj;jtiu mz;zd; xU Nfhapy; jhd;.

jhAk; ePNa! je;ijAk; ePNa!,uz;lhk; Mz;by; fpl;L Neuj;Jld; tPl;bw;F tUtjpy;iy> rhpahfg; gbf;ftpy;iy. mjdhy;mz;zd; jk;gpiaf;fz;bj;jhh;. md;gpy; md;id> fz;bg;gpy; je;ij vdj; jk;gpiag; ghrj;Jld; tsh;j;jhh; mz;zd;.

Nguhrphpaiu re;jpj;jjpy;

xU ehs; fpl;Ltpd; tuyhw;Wg; Nguhrphpaiur; re;jpj;jhh; mz;zd;. NguhrphpaNuh cq;fs; jk;gp fpl;L ,uhK ,d;Dk;ehiye;J NgUld; Nrh;e;J tFg;gpw;F kl;lk; NghLfpwhd;. fz;bf;f $lhjh? vd;W $wp nrd;whh;. mz;zDk;jk;gpiaf; ftdpj;Jf; nfhs;tjhf mthplk; $wpdhh;.

fz;bg;G epiwe;j jikad;

‘,Njh ghU ! eP gbr;rhjhd; cd; tho;T tsk; ngWk; ; Ch; Rw;Wtij tpL ; xOq;fhf gb” vd;W fz;bj;jhh; mz;zd;.jk;gpiaf; fz;bj;Jj; jpUj;jpa ,e;j mz;zd; nghWg;Gzh;T epiwe;jtuhfj; jpfo;fpwhh;.

,sfpa cs;sk; gilj;j jkad;

me;j Mz;L fpl;LNjh;tpy; Njhy;tp mile;jhd;. ‘Ch; Rw;whNj vd;W vr;rhpj;NjNd ! Nfl;lhah?” vd;W fpl;Litj;jpl;bj; jPh;j;jhh; mz;zd;. mJtiu jd;dplkpUe;J ,g;gb jpl;L thq;fpapuhj jk;gpapd; fz;fspy; fz;zPh;Mwhfg;ngUfpaijf; fz;l mz;zdpd; cs;sk; cUfpwJ. ,sfpa cs;sk; vd;idf; fth;e;jJ.

mwpnthsp Vw;wpa mz;zd;

kdk; jpUe;jpa fpl;L Xahky; gbj;jhd;. ‘,g;gb Xahky; gbj;jhy; vd;d MFk;” vd;W tUe;jpdhh; mz;zd;. ey;yfijg; Gj;jfq;fisj; Njb thrpf;ff; nfhLj;jhh;. mtw;Ws; jpthd; gfJ}h; fz;zg;g Kjypahh; vOjpa ‘gopf;Fg;gop’vd;w ehlf E}iyf; fpl;L tpUk;gpg; gbj;jhd;.



57

ghpjtpj;j cs;sk;

xUehs; fpl;Litg; ghh;f;f khbf;Fr; nrd;whh; mz;zd; . mq;Nf ‘mNl J\;lh ! Jd;khh;f;fh ! vd; Fbiaf; nfLj;jNfhlhpf; fhk;Ng! ghtp’ vd;W fj;JtJk;> njhlh;e;J njhg;ngd;W ahNuh tpOk; rj;jKk; Nfl;;lJ. mz;zd; gjwpg;Nghdhh;. fjitj; jl;bdhh;. mJ cs;gf;fk; jhsplg;gl;bUe;jJ. vjph; tPl;L Rg;G> fpl;L NtW topahf ntspNawpajhff;$wpdhd;. fpl;L md;W ,uT tPl;bw;F tutpy;iy. jk;gpiaf; fhzhJ ghpjtpj;jhd; mz;zd;.

,uj;jk; ciwar; nra;j fhl;rp

xUNtis jk;gp nrhe;j Cuhd ek; fpuhkj;jpw;Fr; nrd;wpUg;ghNdh? vd;W vz;zp fhiyapy; ,uapy; Vwpdhh;. ,wq;fp,Yg;igj; Njhg;G topahf ele;jhh;. mq;NfAk; ‘mNl J\;lh! Jd;khh;f;fh! vd; Fbiaf; nfLj;j ghtp!” vd;w Fuy;Nfl;lJ . jk;gpapd; Fuy; Nfl;l jpiria Nehf;fp Xbdhh; mz;zd;. mq;Nf mth; fz;l fhl;rp mth; ,uj;jj;ijciwar; nra;jJ.

,uj;j ghrk;

fpl;L ,uhkehjd; (,uhK) khh;gpd; Nky; mku;e;J fj;jpahy; Fj;j Kad;whd;. ‘INah! fpl;L ,uhKitf; nfhy;yhNjlh!,uhK ek; jk;gpalh! vd;W $wpa NghJ ,uj;j ghrj;ij ntspg;gLj;jpa mz;zdhff; fhzg;gl;lhh;. jk;gp jtwpioj;Jtpl;lhy; mtd; tho;T ghohfptpLNk vdj; Jbj;j mz;zd; %h;r;irahf;fpg; Nghdhh;.

gopf;Fg; gop

epidT jpUk;gp mz;zd; fz;tpopj;jhh;. fpl;LTk; ,uhKTk;mz;zd; Kfj;jpy; jz;zPh; njspj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jdh;.mth;fs; nrhd;d gpwF jhd; mz;zDf;F cz;ik njhpe;jJ. jruh tpLKiwapy; Chpy; ‘ gopf;F gop’ vd;w ehlfk;elj;j jpl;lkpUe;jduhk;. mjpy; fpl;L fjhehafdhk;. ,uhK Jd;khh;f;fdhk;. mjw;fhd xj;jpif jhd; nrd;idapYk;,Yg;igj; Njhg;gpYk; jhd; Nfl;l ghh;j;j fhl;rpfs; vd;gij mz;zd; Ghpe;J nfhz;lhh;.

KbTiu:

md;idiag; Nghy; mutizj;J> je;ijiag; Nghy; fz;bj;J > mz;zdhf md;G fhl;b> fz; Nghy; fhj;J>tsh;j;J> fy;tpawpT+l;ba fpl;Ltpd; mz;zd; vd;idf; fth;;e;jJ NghyNt cq;fisAk; fth;e;jpUg;ghh;.

fij czh;j;Jk; ePjp

‘gjwpa fhhpak; rpjWk;” vd;gNj ,f;fij czh;j;Jk; ePjpahFk;.

-----------

rl;il (jpwdha;T)n[afhe;jd;

Kd;Diu: tho;tpy; eilngWk; ajhh;j;jq;fisg; gjhh;j;jk; Nghy; fij Gidthh; ; jd; rpWfijfisg; gbg;Nghiuf;fhe;jk; Nghy; fth;thh; ;mtNu n[afhe;jd; mtuJ ‘rl;il’ vd;Wk; ,r;rpWfijapy; tUk; G+e;Njhl;lr; rhkpahh; md;gpYk;gz;gpYk; ehl;Lg; gw;wpYk; gbg;gth; kdjpy; cah;e;J epw;fpwhh;.

fij khe;jh;fs;: G+e;Njhl;l rhkpahh;

Nfhapy; FUf;fs;

gl;lhsj;Jg; nghparhkpg; gps;is - kfd; Nrhkehjd;

khzpf;fk; nrl;bahh; -mtuJ kidtp

fijapd; fU: ‘ ek; clk;G ekJ Md;khtpw;F xU rl;il“.

rhkpahhpd; mwpKfk;: miuapy; xU Jz;L; neQ;Rf;Fop tiu mlh;e;j jhb jPl;rz;akhd ghh;it . ,JNtG+e;Njhl;lr; rhkpahhpd; Njhw;wk;. ,tUf;nfd cwTfs; VJkpy;iy. rptd; Nfhapy; jhs; ,tUf;Fj; jQ;rk;. Nfhapy;FUf;fs; jUk; gpurhjNk ,tuJ czT.

njhz;L nra;Ak; J}a cs;sk;: FUf;fs; tPl;Lj; njd;id kuj;jpy; Vwp Njq;fha; gwpg;ghh; ; nrl;bahh; tPl;bw;Fvd; %l;il Rkg;ghh; ee;jtdr; nrbfSf;Fj; jz;zPh; Cw;Wthh;; ; G+g;gwpj;Jj; jUthh;. ,t;thW G+e;Njhl;lr; rhkpahh;vy;yhUf;Fk; njhz;L nra;Ak; J}a cs;sk; cilatuhf tho;e;jhh;.

Jah; Jilf;Fk; J}ath;: khzpf;fk; nrl;bahhpd; kidtp> jd; kfd; ,Uf;Fk; Chpy; jw;NghJ rz;ileilngWtjhy;mtidf; fhj;jUsNtz;Lnkd tpehafg; ngUkhid Ntz;bdhh;. cUf;fhkhd me;jNtz;Ljiyf; fz;l rhkpahh; ‘ftiy Ntz;lhk; tpf;Nd];tuh; JizapUg;ghh;” vd;W MWjy; $wpa NghJ Jah;pJilf;Fk; J}atuhfj; jpfo;fpwhh;.

rhkpahhpd; ehl;Lg; gw;W: Nfhapy; tpohtpw;fhfr; rKf;fhsk; thq;fr; gl;lhsj;Jg; nghparhkp tPl;bw;Rr; nrd;whh;G+e;Njhl;lr; rhkpahh;. gl;lhsj;Jg; nghparhkpg; gps;is ,U cyfg; Nghhpy; gq;F ngw;wth;. jd; xNu kfidAk;,uhZtj;jpy; gzpahw;wpl mDg;gp itj;jth;. me;jr; NrhkehjNdh Nghhpy; tPu kuzk;mile;jhd;. vdpDk; mth;kdk; jsutpy;iy. ‘jPNahh; ,Uf;Fk; tiu jPikfs; ,Uf;Fk; rz;ilfs; ,Uf;Fk;. Mdhy; jh;kk; xU NghJk; mopahJ”



58

vd;w gl;lhsj;jhhpd; ehl;Lg; gw;W kpFe;j Ngr;R rhkpahh; kdjpYk; ehl;Lg; gw;iwg; gw;w itj;jJ. ,Jtiu ,Uspy;fple;j jd; tho;f;iff;F xsp fpilj;J tpl;ljhfmth; vz;zpdhh;.

rhkpahiu <h;j;j fPij: md;W ,uT Nfhapypy; gz;bjh; xUth;> ‘ ,e;j clk;G ek; Md;khtpd; rl;il ; rl;ilgorhdJk; Md;kh mij cjwp tpLfpwJ. vy;yh caph;fSk; tpUk;gpNah tpUk;ghkNyh VNjh xU njhopYld;,izf;fg;l;Ls;sd. fh;kj;jpd; gydpy; gw;wpy;yhky; nra;a Ntz;ba njhopiyr; nra;gNd Jwtp mtd; Nahfp.”vd;W nrhw;nghopT Mw;wpdhh;. fPij fhl;ba ,e;jg; ghij rhkpahiu <h;j;jJ.

rhkpahUk; ,yl;rpaKk;: Nrhkehjdpd; tPu kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpwFk; kdk; jsuhky; gl;lhsj;Jg; nghparhkpg; gps;isrhkpahhpd; kdjpy; cah;e;J epd;whh;. mtNu cz;ikahd Jwtp vd rhkpahh; KbT nra;jhh;. mtiug; Nghy; jk;tho;it mikj;J rhkpahh; nfhs;Sk; ,yl;rpak; nfhz;lhh; ; cWjpahd KbntLj;jhh; ahhplKk; nrhy;yhky; Nfhapiytpl;L ntspNawpdhh;.

rhkpahUk; ehl;Lg; gw;Wk;: kOq;fr; rpiuj;j Nkhtha;; cjl;Lf;F Nky; KWf;fp tpl;l kPir; fpuhg;Gj;jiy; fhf;fpr;rl;ilf;Fs; Gilj;Jf; ftrkpl;lJ Nghy; fk;gPukhd khh;G. ehl;Lg; gw;W epiwe;j rhkpahhpd; Njhw;wk; fz;L Nfhapy;FUf;fs; fz; fyq;fpdhh; . gl;lhsj;Jg; nghparhkpNah jd; kfdhf vz;zp mtiug; ghrj;Jld; mizj;Jf;nfhz;lhh;.

KbTiu: ‘tho;f;ifia ntWg;gJ kl;Lk; Jwty;y. ehl;L kf;fspd; eyd; fhf;fg; NghUf;Fr; nry;tJk; JwNt’vd;w cah;e;j fUj;ij n[afhe;jd; midth; kdjpYk; Mokhfg; gjpar; nra;J tpl;lhh;. G+e;Njhl;lj;J r; rhkpahNuhjkJ jdpg; gz;GfshYk; ehl;Lg; gw;wpdhYk; ek; kdjpy; cah;e;J epw;fpwhh;.

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jkpohf;fk;

1. A friend in need is a friend in friend in deed.Mgj;jpy; cjTgtNd cz;ik ez;gd;

2. A little knowledge is dangerousmiu Fiw mwpT Mgj;jhdJ

3. A law maker should not be a law breakerNtypNa gapiu Nkayhkh?

4. A penny saved is a penny gained rpW Jsp ngUnts;sk;

5. A young calf knows not fear,sq;fd;W gakwpahJ

6. A man of courage never wants weaponsty;ytDf;Fg; Gy;Yk; MAjk;

7. A little stream will drive a light millrpW JUk;Gk; gy; Fj;j cjTk;

8. Adding fuel to the flamevhpfpw neUg;gpy; vz;nza; Cw;whNj

9. All covet all loss (or) Covet all lose allNguhir ngU e\;lk;

10. All that glitters is not gold kpd;Dtnjy;yhk; nghd;dy;y

11. An artist lives every wherefw;NwhUf;Fr; nrd;w ,lnky;yhk; rpwg;G

12. Art is long and the life is shortfy;tp fiuapy fw;gth; ehs; rpy

13. As is the king so are his subjectsmurd; vt;topNah kf;fs;mt;top

14. As you row so shall you reaptpid tpijj;jtd; tpid mWg;ghd;



59

jpid tpijj;jtd; jpidmWg;ghd;

15. Barking dog seldom bitesFiuf;fpd;w eha; fbf;fhJ

16. Birds of the same feather flock together,dk; ,dj;NjhL NrUk;

17. Blood is thicker than waterjhdhlh tpl;lhYk; jd; jir MLk;

18. Calm before the stormGaYf;F Kd; mikjp (my;yJ) Gyp gJq;FtJ gha;tjw;F

19. Cast no pearls before swinefOijf;Fj; njhpAkh fw;G+u thrid?

20. Do in Rome Romans doCUld; xj;J tho;

21. Distance lands enchantment to the view,f;fiuf;F mf;fiu gr;ir

22. East or West home its the bestvyp tisahdhYk; jdp tis Ntz;Lk;

23. Empty vessels make much noiseFiwFlk; $j;jhLk;

24. Every vessels make much noiserhz; Vwpdhy; Kok; rWf;Fk;

25. Every ass loves his brayfhf;iff;Fk; jd; FQ;R nghd; FQ;R

26. Every homes some times nodsMidf;Fk; mb rWf;Fk;

27. Face is the index of the mindmfj;jpd;moF Kfj;jpy; njhpAk;

28. Familiarity breeds contemptgofg; gofg; ghYk; Gspf;Fk;

29. Failure is the stepping stone to successNjhy;tpNa ntw;wpf;F Kjy; gb

30. God is lovemd;Ng flTs;

31. Honest is the best policyNeh;ikNa rpwe;j nfhs;if

32. Haste makes wastegjwpa fhhpak; rpjWk;

33. Knowledge is powermwpNt Mw;wy;

34. Look before you leapMok; njhpakhky; fhiy tplhNj

35. Let every man praise the bridge he goes overcg;gpl;ltiu cs;ssTk; epid

36. Love is Godmd;Ng flTs;

37. Man proposes God disposes



60

md;Ng flTs;

38. Make hay while the sun shinesfhw;Ws;s NghNj J}w;wpf; nfhs;

39. Money makes many thingsgzk; gj;Jk; nra;Ak;

40. No rain go gainkhhpay;yhJ fhhpakpy;iy

41. No pain no gainciog;gpd;wp Cjpakpy;iy

42. Necessity has no lawMgj;jpw;Fg; ghtkpy;iy

43. Necessity has no lawMgj;jpw;Fg; ghtkpy;iy

44. Necessity is the mother of inventionNjitNa fz;Lgpbg;gpd; jha;

45. One flower makes no garlandjdpkuk; Njhg;ghfhJ

46. Prevention is better than cure.nts;sk; tUk; Kd miz NghL (my;yJ) tUk; Kd; fhg;gNj Nky;

47. Practice makes one perfecttplh Kaw;rpNa xUtid rpwe;jjhf;Fk;

48. Self help is the best helpjd; ifNa jdf;Fjtp

49. Slow and steady with the race nghWj;jhhh; G+kp Ms;thh;

50. Strike the rod while it is listfhw;Ws;s NghNj J}w;wpf; nfhs;

51. Too much of anything is good for nothing.msTf;F kpQ;rpdhy; mKjKk; eQ;rhFk;.

52. Tit for tat.gopf;Fg; gop.

53. To err is human, to forgive is divine.jtW nra;tJ kdpj ,ay;G. kd;dpg;gJ nja;t ,ay;G.

54. The more haste the worse speed.gjwpa fhhpak; rpjWk;.

55. Truth alone triamphs.tha;ikNa nty;Yk;.

56. The pen is thicker than the sword.tha; Kidia tpl ngdh Kid

57. To the good people world appeares good.ey;NyhUf;F cyfk; ey;yjhftNt Njhd;Wk;.

58. Union is strength.xw;WikNa typik

59. United we stand, divided we fall.xd;Wgl;lhy;> cz;L tho;T. xw;Wik ePq;fpy; midtUf;Fk; jho;T.



61

60. Where there is a will ther is a way.kdkpUe;jhy; khu;f;fk; cz;L.

61. Well begun is half - done.ey;y njhlf;Fk; ghjp ntw;wp.

62. keep off the grass.Gy;ntsp kPJ elthjPh;.

63. Rain harvest is a must to improve ground water level.epyj;jb ePiug; ngUf;f kioePh; Nrfhpg;G mtrpakhd xd;whFk;.

64. Villages are the back bone of our country said Gandhiji.fpuhkq;fNs ek; ehl;bd; KJnfYk;Gfs; vd;whh; fhe;jpabfs;.

65. Physics is closely linked with other sciences.,aw;gpay; kw;w mwptpaNyhh; neUq;fp ,ize;jJ.

66. Everybody thinks alike.jd;idg; Nghy; gpwiu Nerp.

67. Education should develop and promote good values.68. Somethingis better than nothing.Miy ,y;yhj CUf;F ,Yg;igg; G+Nt rh;f;fiu.

69. Students want to join computer education.khzth;fs; kzpg;nghwpf; fy;tp gapy (miza) tpUk;Gfpd;wdh;.

70. Walls have ears.mf;fk; gf;fk; ghh;j;J NgR.

71. Sense of hounour a helathy way of lifetha;tpl;L rphpj;jhy; Neha; tpl;L NghFk;

72. Experience is the best teachermDgtNk rpwe;j Mrhd;

73. Work is workshipnra;Ak; njhopNy nja;tk;

74. Hear much speak little.Fiwthfg; NgR; mjpfk; Nfs;

75. An ideal teacher is a friend philosoper and guide off the student.jdpj;Jtk; tha;e;j Mrpahph; khzth;fSf;F ey;y ez;gdhf > jj;Jthjpahf> top fhl;bahf ,Ug;ghd;.

76. A bad workman blames his tools.Mlj; njhpahjtDf;F njU Nfhzy;

77. Please confirm your exam result by telephone.jaTnra;J Njh;T Kbit njhiyNgrp %yk; cWjp nra;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.

78. Think before you speakrpe;jpj;Jg; NgR.

79. Indian people always dislike viiolence,e;jpa kf;fs; vg;NghJk; td;Kiwia ntWg;th;fs;

80. Keep of the grassGy;ypd; kPJ elthjPH;.

thf;fpag; gpioiaj; jpUj;Jjy;

gpio jpUj;jk;

1. tz;bfs; XlhJ tz;bfs; Xlh

2. mit ,q;Nf csJ mit ,q;Nf cs

3. mJ vy;yhk; mit vy;yhk;



62

4. kf;fs; fpilahJ kf;fs; ,y;iy

5. tUtJk; NghtJk; fpilahJ tUtJk; NghtJk; fpilah

6. xd;Nwh my;yJ ,uz;Nlh jUf xd;Nwh ,uz;Nlh jUf

7. nrd;id vd;w efuk; nrd;id vd;Dk; efuk;

8. vdJ kfd; vd; kfd;

9. Vw;fj; jf;fJ my;y Vw;fj; jf;fJ md;W

10. mtsJ je;ij mts; je;ij

11. Gyp te;jd Gyp te;jJ

12. vUJfs; XbaJ vUJfs; Xbd

13. G+f;fs; kyh;e;J kzk; tPrpaJ G+f;fs; kyh;e;jJ kzk; tPrpd

14. vdf;Fg; gy Ntiyfs; ,Uf;fpwJ vdf;F Ntiyfs; gy ,Uf;fpd;wd

15. ,q;Fs;sJ vy;yhk; ey;y goq;fNs ,q;Fs;sit vy;yhk; ey;y goq;fNs

16. vdf;Fg; gy tPLfs; cs vdf;F tPLfs; gy cs;sd

17. ,J nghJ top my;y ,J nghJ top md;W

18. tpohtpy; gy mwpQh; Ngrpdh; tpohtpy; mwpQh; gyh; Ngrpdh;

19. njd;wy; nky;y tPrpd njd;wy; nky;y tPrpaJ

20. thfdj;ij ,lJ gf;fk; jpUg;ghNj thfdj;ij ,lg;gf;fk; jpUg;ghNj

21. gj;Jg; goq;fspy; xU goNk ey;yd gj;Jg; goq;fspy; xU goNk ey;yJ

22. tyJ gf;fr; Rthpy; vOjhNj tyg;gf;f Rthpy; vOjhNj

23. xt;nthU rpw;W}u;fspYk; Cuhl;rp cs;sJ xt;nthU rpw;W}hpYk; Cuhl;rp cs;sJ

24. ek; Njrpaf; nfhbapy; %tz;zk; cs;sJ ek; Njrpaf; nfhbapy; %tz;zq;fs;cs;sd.

25. ehd; xU Gjpa E}y; xd;W thq;fpNdd; ehd; xU Gjpa E}y; thq;fpNdd;.

26. khztu;fs; fy;tpawpT xOf;fj;jpw; rpwe;J tpsq;f Ntz;Lk;.

khzth;fs; fy;tpawptpYk; xOf;fj;jpYk; rpwe;J tpsq;f Ntz;Lk;

27. mth;jhd; $wpdhh; ,th;jhd; $wpdhh; vd;W ghuhJ vth; jhd; $wpdhYk; nka;g;nghUs; fhz;f.

mth;jhk; $wpdhh; ,th; jhk; $wpdhh; vd;W ghuhJ vth;jhk; $wpdhYk; nka;g;nghUs; fhz;f.

28. ey;yitfSk; nfl;litfSk; gj;jphpiffspy; ntspaplg;gLfpd;wd.

ey;yitAk; nfl;litAk; gj;jphpigfs; ntspaplg;gLfpd;wd.

29. fz;zd; KUfd; kw;Wk; Ntyd; te;jdh;

fz;zd; KUfd; Ntyd; MfpNahh; te;jdh;.

30. nrd;idf;F mUfhkapy; ,Ug;gJ fd;dpahFkhp my;y.

nrd;idf;F mUfpy; ,Ug;gJ fd;dpahFkhp md;W.

31. jiytp jiytNdhL nrd;whh;.

jiytp jiytNdhL nrd;whs;.

32. ,jidr; nra;jth; ,tuy;yth?

,jidr; nra;jth; ,tuy;yNuh?

ty;ypd nka;fis ,l;L vOJf

1. ney;ypf;fha;> jhd;wpfha; fLfha; Mfpa %d;W ruf;Ffis nfhz;lJ jpupgiy vdg;gLk;.

ney;ypf;fha;> jhd;wpf;fha;> fLf;fha; Mfpa %d;W ruf;Ffisf; nfhz;lJ jphpgiy vdg;gLk;.

2. nfhr;ir nrhw;fSk; t*cr; nrhw;fSk; kpFjpahf Goq;Ftjhy; jkpo; ,yf;fpa eilia Gwf;fzpf;f $LNkh?

nfhr;irr; nrhw;fSk; t*c nrhw;fSk; kpFjpahff; Goq;Ftjhy; jkpo; ,yf;fpa eilia Gwf;fzpf;ff; $LNkh?

3. fiyj;Jiw> nkhopJiw> kUj;JtJiw> ,irJiw> rkaJiw Mfpatw;wpw;F Mgpufhk; gz;bjh; Mw;wpa gzpnghpjd;Nwh?

fiyj;Jiw> nkhopj;Jiw> kUj;Jtj;Jiw> ,irj;Jiw rkaj;Jiw Mfpatw;wpw;FMgpufhk; gz;bjh; Mw;wpa gzpnghpjd;Nwh?

4. jkpopirapy; Maghiy> tl;lghiy> jphpNfhz ghiy> rJughiy vd;w ehd;F ,irKiwfs; ,Ue;jd.



63

jkpopirapy; Mag;ghiy> tl;lg;ghiy> jphpNfhzg; ghiy> rJug;ghiy vd;w ehd;F ,irKiwfs; ,Ue;jd.

5. Vl;Lr; Rtbfspy; rpj;j kUj;Jt nra;jpfs; nghjpe;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

Vl;Lr; Rtbfspy; rpj;j kUj;Jtr; nra;jpfs; nghjpe;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

6. gl;l gfypNy ghtyh;f;F Njhd;Wk; nel;il fdT

gl;g; gfypNy ghtyh;f;Fj; Njhd;Wk; nel;ilf; fdT

7. gjpf fpstp gy;tif nghUis njhFjpahf nrhy;Yjy; MFk;.

gjpff; fpstp gy;tifg; nghUisj; njhFjpahfr; nrhy;Yjy; MFk;.

8. fs;thh;f;Fj; js;Sk; caph;epiy fs;shh;f;F js;shJ Gj;Njd; cyF.

fs;th;f;Fj; js;Sk; caph; epiy fs;shhf;Fj; js;shJ Gj;Njd; cyF.

9. NjUis Gutp thuz njhFjpk jpiwfs; nfhz;L tuk; kd;d

NjUisg; Gutp thuzj; njhFjp jpiwfs; nfhz;L tuk; kd;d

10. njhd; %jhyj;J nghjpapy; Njhd;wpa ehY}h; Nfhrh;

njhd; %jhyj;Jg; nghjpapy; Njhd;wpa ehY}h;f; Nfhrh;.

11. gilg;Gg; gygilj;Jg; gyNuhL cz;Zk; nry;tk;.

gilg;Gg; gygilj;Jg; gyNuhL cz;Zk; nry;tk;

12. mwpT FiwT ftdf; FiwT jpwik FiwT Mfpatw;why; tpgj;Jfs; cz;lhfpd;wd.

mwpTf; FiwT ftdf; FiwT jpwikf; FiwT

13. Cl;l rj;J Fiwthy; fUf; nfhz;l jPh;f;Fk; cstpay; rpe;jidfis Nrh;f;f Ntz;Lk;.

Cl;lr;rj;Jf; Fiwthy; fUf; nfhz;l jha; FiwNgw;Wf;F Mshfyhk;.

14. ghljpl;lj;jpy; FkugUt rpf;fy;fis jPh;f;Fk; cstpay; rpe;jidfis Nrh;f;f Ntz;Lk;.

ghlj; jpl;lj;jpy; Fkug; gUtr; rpf;fy;fisj; jPh;f;Fk; cstpay; rpe;jidfisr; Nrh;f;f Ntz;Lk;.

15. Nghij gof;fj;jhy; Crpfis gfph;e;J nfhs;SjYk; va;l;]; Neha;f;F fhuzk; MFk;.

Nghijg; gof;fj;jhy; Crpfisg; gfph;e;J nfhs;SjYk; va;l;]; Neha;f;Ff; fhuzk; MFk;.

16. czT nghUs; ju Fiwthf tpw;fg;gLtjhy; er;Rf; fhshd; cz;lhfpr; nrhpkhdk; FiwfpwJ

czTg; nghUs; juf;Fiwthf tpw;fg;gLtjhy; er;Rf; fhshd; cz;lhfpr; nrhpkhdk; FiwfpwJ.

17. ‘nry;t rpWkPh;fhs;! ePuhl NghJtPh; !” vd;whs; Nfhij

‘ nry;tr; rpWkPh;fhs; ePUhlg; NghJtPh!!; !! “ vd;whs; Nfhij

18. nte;ja nrbfspd; Nky; kpd;dpLk; jq;f G+f;fs;.

nte;jar; nrbfspd; Nky; kpd;dpLk; jq;fg; G+f;fs;

19. nfhj;jp jphpAk; me;j Nfhop

nfhj;jpj; jphpAk; me;jf; Nfhop

20. fpl;l Nghdhy; Kl;l gif

fpl;lg; Nghdhy; Kl;lg; gif

21. rhiu ghk;G FUtp $l;by; Eioe;jJ

rhiug; ghk;G FUtpf; $l;by; Eioe;jJ

22. Mrphpah; elj;jh ghlj;jpypUe;J ve;j Nfs;tpAk; tutpy;iy

Mrphpah; elj;jhg; ghlj;jpypUe;J ve;jf; Nfs;tpAk; tutpy;iy

23. Nfs;tpfs; khzth; gapyh gFjpapy; ,Ue;J te;jjhy; vOj njhpatpy;iy

Nfs;tpfs; khzth; gapyhg; gFjpapy; ,Ue;J te;jjhy; vOjj; njhpatpy;iy

24. vijAk; vOjp gof Ntz;Lk; vd;W Mrphpah; vdf;F nrhd;dhh;.

vijAk; vOjpg; gof Ntz;Lk; vd;W Mrphpah; vdf;Fr; nrhd;dhh;.

25. me;j rpWtd; ve;j gs;spapy; gbj;J rpwe;jhd;.

me;jr; rpWtd; ve;jg; gs;spapy; gbj;Jr; rpwe;jhd;.

26. xl fhz;gJ nts;sk;> xLq;f fhz;gJ Nahfpah; cs;sk;

Xlf; fhz;gJ nts;sk; xLq;ff; fhz;gJ Nahfpah; cs;sk;

27. thiogoj;ij jpd;w gpd; Njhiy rhiyapy; NghlhJ Fg;ig $ilapy; NghL.



64

thiog;goj;ijj; jpd;w gpd; Njhiyr; rhiyapy; NghlhJ Fg;igf; $ilapy; NghL

28. t pi ut hf nr y ;; tz;b tu NghfpwJ

tpiuthfr; nry; ; tz;b tug; NghfpwJ.

nghUs; NtWghl;il mwpe;J thf;fpaj;jpy; mikj;jy;

VI. z> e> d NtWghL mwpf:

1. muz; - kjpy;> ghJfhg;G > Nfhl;il

fhLfs; ,aw;if muz;fs;

mud; - rptd;> md;Ng mud; MFk;

2. mz;zk; - Nky;tha;> Nky; mz;zj;ij eh njhLtjhy; ‘s” vDk; xyp gpwf;fpwJ.

md;dk; - gwit

jkae;jp esdplk; md;dj;ijj; J}jhf mDg;gpdhs;.

3. Mzp - $upa ,Uk;Gj; Jz;L

Rthpy; Mzpmbj;jhh;.

Mdp - xU khjk;

jkpo; khjq;fSs; xd;W Mdp

4. Miz - fl;lis

gzpapy; Nru Miz te;jJ

Mid - ahid kpfg; nghpa tpyq;F

5. cz;Z - rhg;gpL

msthf cz;ZkhW kUj;Jth; $wpdhh;

cd;D - epidj;Jg;ghh;

Mgj;jpy; cjtp nra;jth;fis ed;wpAld; cd;Df

6. Cz; - czT

chpa Neuj;jpy; Cz; cz;Zf

Cd; - ,iwr;rp

Cd; czitj; jtph;f;fTk;

7. vz;z - epidf;f> vz;zpg; ghh;f;f

vz;z miyfs; kdjpy; Xbd

vd;d - Nfs;tp

8. fiz - mk;G

gifth; kPJ fiz njhLj;jdh; tPuh;

fid - fidj;jy;

Fjpiu fidj;jJ

9. fzk; - Neuk;

xU fzg;nghOJk; Nrhh;tilahNj

fdk; - gS> Rik

fdkhd nghUs;fisj; J}f;f ,ayhJ

10. fhz; - ghh;

Kf;$ly; rq;fkpf;Fk; moif; fhz;

fhd ; - fhL

fhd; Mw;W nts;sk; fiu Guz;L XLk;

11. jzp - mlq;F

nfhj;jspj;j Nfhgk; XusT jzpe;jJ

jdp - jdpj;jpUe;jy;

etPd cyfpy; jdpf; Fbj;jdq;fs; ngUfp tUfpd;wd



65

12. Jzp - rpiy

gUj;jpj; JzpNa Nfhil fhyj;jpw;F Vw;wJ

Jdp - Jd;gk;> Nfhgk;> mr;rk;

Nfhg tpgj;ijf; fz;l kzp Jdpg;Gw;whd;

(Jd;gk; mile;jhd;)

13. jpiz - epyk;> xOf;fk;

FwpQ;rpj;jpiz vd;gJ kiyAk; kiy rhh;e;j gFjpak; MFk;

jpid - jhdpa tif

ts;sp jpizg; Gdk; fhj;jhs;

14. ehz; - fapW> ehzk;> ehz; ,Oj;jy; Nghl;baply; vq;fs; mzp ntd;wJ

ehd; - jd;idf; Fwpg;gJ> jdik ,lg;ngah;

,irg;Nghl;bapy; ehd; Kjw;ghpR ngw;Nwd;.

15. tiy - kPdth;fs; tiyAld; flYf;Fs; nrd;wdh;

tis - tisay;fs; thq;fp te;Njd;

tio - flw;fiu gFjpapy; tio kuk;( RuGd;idkuk;) fhzg;gLk;

16. thy; - Fuq;fpd; thy; ePskhdJ

tho; - ehk; caph; thH ePh;> fhw;W> xsp Nghd;wit Njit

ths; - thshy; kuj;ij ntl;bdhd;

17. thio - kutif

thio Fiy js;spaJ

this - this kPd; tWty; Ritahf ,Uf;Fk;

18. mwp - mwpjy;

ghlypd; nghUis mwpe;J nfhz;Nld;

mhp - jpUkhy;

mhpAk; rptDk; xd;W

Mq;fpyr; nrhw;fis ePf;fp vOJjy;

1. b.tp.apy; rPhpay; ghh;f;fhtpl;lhy; iy‡Ng Nghh; mbj;J tpLk; vd;fpwhs; ghl;b.

njhiyf;fhl;rpj; njhlh; ghh;f;fhtpl;lhy; tho;f;ifNa ntWj;J tpLk; vd;fpwhs; ghl;b.

2. ,e;jnrQ;Rhp nld;\d; epiwe;jJ.

,e;j E}w;whz;L kd mOj;jk; epiwe;jJ.

3. ];ypk;khf ,Ug;gNj gpA+l;b vd;w vz;zk; gutp tUfpwJ.

nkypfh ,Ug;gNj moF vd;w vz;zk; gutp tUfpwJ.

4. ‘tPf;Md Mz;l;b nu];l; vLf;f Ntz;Lk;” vd;W ̀ hh;l; ];ng\yp];l; ml;it]; $wpdhh;.

typikaw;w vd; mj;ij Xa;ntLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W ,ja kUj;Jt ty;Yeh; mwpTiu $wpdhh;.

5. lahngl;bf; Ng\z;l; ];tPl; rhg;gpLtij ];lhg; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

ePhpopT Nehahsp ,dpg;G rhg;gpLtij epWj;jpl Ntz;Lk;

6. NghyP]; ];Nl\d; Ngha; fk;g;nsapz;l; nfhL.

fhty; epiyak; nrd;W Gfhh; nfhL .

7. Vh;Nghh;l; nrd;W gpnuz;il hprpt; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

tpkhd epiyak; nrd;W ez;giu mioj;J tu Ntz;Lk;

8. g]; gpbj;J fhNy[; Nghf Ntz;Lk;

NgUe;ijg; gpbj;J fy;Y}hpf;Fg; Nghf Ntz;Lk;.

9. vy;yh \hg;GfspYk; fh];l;ypahf cs;sJ.

vy;yhf; filfspYk; tpiymjpfkhf cs;sJ.

10. gh;j;Nl tho;j;Jf;F nuhk;g jhq;];

gpwe;j ehs; tho;j;Jf;F kpfTk; ed;wp.



66

11. ];$y; gh;;];l; ngy; mbr;rhr;rp ehd; Nyl;lh NghNwd;

gs;sp Kjy; kzp mbj;jhfp tpl;lJ ehd; jhkjkhfr; nry;fpNwd

12. Nguz;l;]; nrhy;wgb ];̂ ld;]; Nfl;f Ntz;Lk;.

ngw;Nwhh; $wpathW khzth;fs; Nfl;fNtz;Lk;.

13. <tpdpq;fpy; vd; kk;kpAk; lhbAk; thf;fpq; nry;th;fs;.

khiyapy; vd; jhAk; je;ijAk; eilg; gaw;rpf;Fr; nry;thh;fs;.

14. hp[p];lh; Ngh];by; mg;spNf\d; mDg;gTk;.

gjpTj; jghypy; tpz;zg;gj;ij mDg;gTk;.

mYtyff; fiyr; nrhw;fSf;F jkpohf;fk;

mYtyfr; nrhy; jkpo;r;nrhy;

nuf;fhh;l; - Mtzk;

nrful;lhp - nrayh;

NkNd[h; - Nkyhsh;

igy; - Nfhg;G

GNuhNehl; - xg;Gr; rPl;L

ghy;fdp - Kfg;G khlk;

gh];Nghh;l; - flTr; rPl;L

bird; - tbtikg;G

rhk;gpad; - thif #b

tprh - EioT ,irT

nlypNfl; - Nguhsh;

];ng\y; g]; - jdpg;NgUe;J / rpwg;Gg; NgUe;J

GuNghry; - fUj;JUMl;Nlhfpuhg; - tho;j;njhg;gk;

tprpl;bq;fhh;L - fhz;Gr; rPl;L

gphPg;Nf]; - FWk; ngl;b

tk;rk; - jpul;rpj; njhif

nkapd; NuhL - Kjd;ikr; rhiy

GNuhl;Nlh fhy; - kuGj; jfT

nrf; - fhNrhiy

urPJ - gw;Wr; rPl;L

gpio jpUj;jk;

gyhg;gpQ;R - gyh %R

thiog; gpQ;R - thiof;fr;ry;

KUq;ifg; gpQ;R - KUq;ifr; ruL

mtiug; gpQ;R - mtiug; nghl;L

khk;gpQ;R - khtL

,se;Njq;fha; - tOf;if

Kw;wpa Njq;fha; - new;W

gwit kuG xyp

Me;ij - myWk;

Fapy; - $Tk;

Nfhl;lhd; - FoWk;

FUtp - fPr;rpLk;

Nfhop - nfhf;fhpf;Fk;

Nrty; - $Tk;



67

kapy; - mfTk;

tz;L - KuYk;

fhfk; - fiuAk;

fpsp - NgRk; / nfhQ;Rk;

tpyq;F xyp

Fjpiu - fidf;Fk;

fOij - fj;Jk;

ehp - CisapLk;

eha; - Fiuf;Fk;

gR - fjWk;

gd;wp - cWKk;

ahid - gpspWk;

rpq;fk; - Koq;Fk; / fh;r;rpf;Fk;

rq;F - Koq;Fk;

gwit tpyq;F ,Ug;gplk;

Nfhopg;gz;iz

Ml;Lg;gl;b

khl;Lj; njhOtk;

ahidf; $lk;

Fjpiuf; nfhl;by;

jhtq;fspd; njhFg;G

khe;Njhg;G

gyhj;Njhg;G

rTf;Fj; Njhg;G

njd;de;Njhg;G

thioj; Njhl;lk;

G+e;Njhl;lk;

gdq;fhL

G+Q;Nrhiy

Ntyq;fhL

Nrhsf; nfhy;iy

Njapiyj; Njhl;lk;

ntw;wpiyj; Njhl;lk;

jhtu cWg;G

thioapiy

khtpiy

ney;jhs;

gidNahiy

KUq;iff; fPiu

jpidj;jhs;

ntq;fhaj; jhs;

njd;dq;fPw;W

Ntg;ge;jiio

1. fhfk; $Tk;. eha; fj;Jk;

fhfk; fiuAk; . eha; Fiuf;Fk;.



68

2. fhl;y ahid fj;jpaJ. Gyp $tpaJ

fhl;by; ahid gpspwpaJ. Gyp cWkpaJ

3. ePhpd;wp eQ;irAk; GQ;irAk; tpisatpy;iy

ePhpd;wp ed;nra;Ak; Gd;nra;Ak; tpisatpy;iy

4. ahid Nka;g;gNdhL Ml;Lg; ghfDk; te;jhd;

ahidg; ghfNdhL Ml;L ,ilad; te;jhd;.

5. fUk;Gj; Njhg;Gf;F mUfhikapy; eha; fj;jpaJ.

fUk;Gj; Njhl;lj;jpw;F mUfpy; eha; Fiuj;jJ.

6. kapy; $t Fapy; mft fpsp ghbaJ.

kapy; mft Fapy; $t fpsp NgrpaJ

7. Njapiyj; Njhg;Gf;F mUfpy; gyhj; Njhl;lk; cs;sJ

Njapiyj; Njhl;lj;jpw;F mUfpy; gyhj;Njhg;G cs;sJ

8. Nrhsf;fhL - Myq;nfhy;iy

Nrhsf;nfhy;iy- Myq;fhL

9. Fjpiuj; njhOtk; - ahidf; $lk;

Fjpiuf; nfhl;by; - ahidf; $lk;

10. rTf;Fj; Njhl;lk; -fk;gq;fhL

rTf;Fj; Njhg;G - fk;gq;nfhy;iy

11. NrhW jpd;W gok; cz;L ghy; rhg;gpl;Lg; gLj;jhd;

NrhW cz;L gok; jpd;W ghy; gUfpg; gLj;jhd;

ty;ypd nka;fis ,l;Lk; ePf;fpAk; vOJjy;

1. ,e;j Xtpaj;jpy; mike;j tz;z nrwpTk; czh;r;rp nghypTk; ek;ikf; fth;fpd;wd.

,e;j Xtpaj;jpy; mike;j tz;zr; nrwpTk; czh;r;rpg; nghypT

2. nrk;gpad; khNjtp Nghd;w Nrho Nguurpah; nrg;Gj; jpUNkdpfs; nra;jspg;gijj; jk; flik vdf; fUjpdh;

nrk;gpad; khNjtp Nghd;w Nrhog; Nguurpah; nrg;Gj; jpUNkdpfs; nra;jspg;gijj; jk; flik vdf; fUjpdh;.

3. rPj;jiy rhj;jd; vd;wg; Gyth;g; ngUkhd; jdJ fhg;gpaj;jpw;F kzpfiyj; JwT vd;Nwg; ngahpl;lhh;.

rPj;jiyr; rhj;jhd; vd;w Gyth; ngUkhd; jdJ fhg;gpaj;jpw;F kzpNkfiy JwT vd;Nw ngahpl;lhh;.

4. gpj;jh; nrhd;dTk; Ngijah;r; nrhd;dTk; gj;jh;r; nrhd;dTk; gd;dg; ngWgNth.

gpj;jh; nrhd;dTk; Ngijah; nrhd;dTk; gj;jh; nrhd;dTk; gd;dg; ngWgNth.

5. Ntl;Lt ngz;fs; tpisahl NghtJz;L vd;W rQ;rPtp gh;tjr; rhuy; ghLfpwJ.

Ntl;Ltg; ngz;fs; tpisahlg; NghtJz;L vd;W rQ;rPtp gh;tjr; rhuy; ghLfpwJ.

6. ghQ;rhypf; fz;zid ghh;j;J fz;zhf; fhg;gha; vd;Wf; $wpdhs;.

ghQ;rhyp fz;zidg; ghh;j;J fz;zh fhg;gha; vd;W $wpdhs;;

7. tho;fj; jkpo; vd;W mtdhr; nrhd;dhd; mwpe;Jr; nrhy; vdf;F.

tho;f _ jkpo; vd;W mtdh_ nrhd;dhd; mwpe;J_ nrhy; vdf;F.

8. ePNuhr; NrhNwh vJf; fpilj;jhYk; cz;Lr; nry;Ntd;.

ePNuh_ NrhNwh vJf; fpilj;jhYk; cz;L_ nry;Ntd;.

9. fgpy guzh; tsh;g;gpiw xspapy; RLr;NrhWk; fha;fwpAk; cz;ldh;

fgpyguzh; tsh;gpiw xspapy; RL NrhWk; fha; fwpAk; cz;ldh;.

10. NrhWf; nfhjpf;fpwJ Nghj;jk;gp mLg;igf; Fiw vd;wTld; nrd;W ghh;j;jhd;.

NrhW_ nfhjpf;fpwJ Ngh_ jk;gp mLg;igf; Fiw vd;wTld; nrd;W_ ghh;j;jhd;

11. vd;ndhLg; Nghe;j ,sq;nfhb eq;if

vd;ndhL_ Nghe;j ,sq;nfhb eq;if

12. tpbf;fhiy Ntis RLr;NrhW Mf;fpg; ghpkhwf; $Lkh?

tpb_fhiy Ntis RL_NrhW Mf;fpg; ghpkhwf; $Lkh?

13. ntz;zpyhf; fyf;fyntd;Wr; rphpj;jhs;



69

ntz;zpyh_ fy_ fyntd;W_ rphpj;jhs;.

14. FGf;FGntd;Wg; Gif kz;byk; #o;e;jJ

FG _FGntd;W_ Gif kz;byk; #o;e;jJ.

15. Jwtpf; FbYf;Fs; te;jr; rpWth; ,uz;Lg; Ngh;

Jwtp_ FbYf;Fs; te;j_ rpWth; ,uz;L Ngh;.

gpwnkhopr; nrhw;fis ePf;fp vOJf

1. =khd; t. c. rpjk;guk; gps;isapd; ehkfuzj;ij ,e;jf; fg;gYf;F #l;Ltjpy; ]e;Njh\kilfpNwd;.

jpUthsh; t.c.rpjk;guk; gps;isapd; ngaiu ,e;jf; fg;gYf;Fr; #l;Ltjpy; kfpo;r;rp milfpNwd;.

2. ek];fhuk; vd;W rh\;lq;fkhf tpOe;jtid Mrph;tjpj;Njd;.

tzf;fk; vd;W neLQ;rhz;fpilahf tpOe;jtid tho;j;jpNdd;.

3. gpuahzp gpuahzj;ij uj;J nra;jTld; &gha; gl;Lthlhr; nra;ag;gl;lJ.

gazp gazj;ij tpyf;fpaTld; gzk; jpUk;gr; nrYj;jg;gl;lJ.

4. nry;tDf;Fk; fps;isf;Fk; jyh Ie;J Gj;jfk; nfhL.

nry;td; fps;is Mfpa xt;nthUtUf;Fk; Ie;J Gj;jfq;fs; nfhL.

5. FwpQ;rp jhf;fy; nra;j tof;F RKfkhfg; igry; nra;ag;gl;lJ.

FwpQ;rp njhLj;j tof;F ed;Kiwapy; jPh;f;fg;gl;lJ

6. ];thkpf;Fg; G+i[ nra;a G\;gq;fisg; gwpj;J it.

,iwtDf;F topghL nra;a kyh;fisg; gwpj;J it.

7. f[hdh fhyp vd;W fth;nkd;l; $wpaJ.

fUT+yj;jpy; xd;Wkpy;iy vd;W muR $wpaJ.

8. mth;fs; ,e;J rk;gpujhag;gb fy;ahzk; nra;J nfhz;ldh;

mth;fs; ,e;J Kiwg;gb jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;ldh;.

9. re;epjpapy; rfy [dq;fSk; cge;epahrk; Nfl;fj; jpuz;bUe;jdh;.

,iwtd; jpUKd;G kf;fs; midtUk; Md;kPf ciu Nfl;fj; jpuz;bUe;jdh;.

10. ge;J kj;jpuh; rfpjk; te;J Mrph;tjpf;ff; NfhUfpNwd;.

cwtpdh; ez;gh;fSld; te;J tho;j;jpl Ntz;LfpNwd;.

11. Nfhapy; fh;g;g fpuf`j;Jf;Fs; ahUk; gpuNtrpf;ff; $lhJ.

Nfhapy; fUtiwF;Fs; ahUk; Eioaf; $lhJ.

12. vd; Vf Gjy;tdpd; [hdthrj;jpw;Fr; ffyUk; tuZk;

vd; xNu kfdpd; khg;gps;is miog;gpw;F midtUk; tu Ntz;Lk;.

jkpo;ngah; tlnkhopg; ngah;

jpUtuq;fk; - =uq;fk;

jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk; - rpjk;guk;

jpUkiwf;fhL - Ntjhuzpak;

jpUKJFd;wk;> gokiy - tpUj;jhr;ryk;

mq;faw;fz;zp - kPdhl;rp

mwk; tsh;j;jhs; - jh;krk;th;j;jpdp

vhprpdf; nfhw;wit - nusj;jpu Jh;;f;if

Iahwg;gh; - gQ;rejPRtuh;

Fl%f;F - Fk;gNfhzk;

ths;neLq;fz;zp - fl;fNej;hp

nrk;nghd; gs;spahh; - nrhh;zGhPr;Ruh;

ePs; neL;fz;zp - tprhyhl;rp

ahopDk; ed;nkhopahs; - tPzh kJugh\pdp

Njd;nkhopg; ghit - kJutrdp

gokiy ehjh; - tpUj;jfphPr;Ruh;



70

nfhr;irr; nrhw;fisj; jpUj;jp vOJf.

1. mg;gprp khrk; mlks ,k;ghq;f

Ig;grp khjk; milkio vd;ghh;fs;

2. NfhspKl;il jhthuj;jpy; cUz;lJ

NfhopKl;il jho;thuj;jpy; cUz;lJ

3. ntbaq;fhl;bAk; ntj;jpiy NghlwJ xU gsf;fkh?

tpbtjw;Fs; ntw;wpiy NghLtJ xU gof;fkh?

4. xUj;jd; xz;baha;g; Nghdhy; mJ Ch;Nfhykh?

xUtd; xd;wpaha;g; Nghdy; mJ Ch;tykh?

5. nfhLj;j nra;jpiaf; Nfhh;itahfg; NgR

nfhLj;j nra;jpiaf; Nfhitahfg; NgR

6. Fse;j Vd; mSTJ?

Foe;ij Vd; mOfpwJ?

7. ,d;dpf;fp rha;q;fhyk; jq;fr;rp tUth

,d;W rhAq;fhyk; jq;if tUths;

8. NrhW jpd;W> gok; cz;L> ghy; rhg;gpl;Lg; gLj;jhd;

NrhW cz;L gok; jpd;W ghy; gUfpg;gLj;jhd;

9. Mj;jq;fiuapy; fhzp eQ;ir epyk; cs;sJ.

Mw;wq;fiuapy; Ie;J fhzp ed;nra; epyk; cs;sJ.

10. tyJgf;fr; Rtw;wpy; vOjhNj.

tyg;gf;fr; Rthpy; vOjhNj

11. ntwF tpf;fpw ntiyia ghh;j;jpah?

tpwF tpw;fpw tpiyiag; ghh;j;jpah?

12. gPf;fq;fhAk; ghtf;fhAk; jpd;dj; njtpl;lJ

gPh;f;fq;fhAk; ghfw;fhAk; jpd;dj; njtpl;LfpwJ.

13. mtd; vz;izAk; ntz;izAk; thq;fp te;jhd;

mtd; vz;nza;Ak; ntz;nza;Ak; thq;fp te;jhd;.

epWj;jw;Fwpfs;

1. ‘CUf;Fg; Ngha;r; Nrh;e;jJk; fbjk; vOJ”> vd;W vd; je;ij $wpdhh;.

2. ‘nry;tr; rpWkPh;fhs;! ePuhlg; NghJtPh;; !” vd;whs; Nfhij.

3. ‘xOf;fKilik Fbik”> vd;gJ ts;Sth; tFj;j tiuaiw.

4. rkaj;ij ‘kjk’; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLth;. kjk; vd;gjw;F ‘ nfhs;ifapy; epw;wy; ’ vd;W nghUs;.

5. rNfhjhpfNs! rNfhjuh;fNs ! rkurj;ijg; gw;wp vOe;J Ngr;Rfs; vj;Jiz! vOj;Jfs; vj;Jiz! mitfl;FmsTKz;Nlh?

6. ‘,d;dJ jhd; ftpij vd;W tiuaWj;jy; vspjy;y>” vd;W [hd;rd; gjpy; $wpdhh;.

7. nkhopQhapW NjtNeag;ghthzh; vOjpAs;s> ‘jkpopaw; fl;Liufs;’ vd;w E}y; vspikAk; MoKk; nfhz;Ltpsq;FfpwJ.

8. ,NaR kf;fis Nehf;fp> ‘Maf;fhud; NfhapYf;F ntspNa epd;W>‘ NjtNd !! vd;ghy; ,uf;fk; fhl;Lq;fs;>’ vd;WNtz;bdhd; vd;gij mwpAq;fs;” vd;whh;.

9. tlnkhop> ,yj;jPd;> fphpf;F Kjypad Nghyj; jkpo; nkhopAk; ‘ cah;jdpr; nrk;nkhopNa’ MFk;.

10. “fhy;tha; ,y;yhj ,lj;jpy; nga;j xsp kioNa ftpij>” vd;whh; fPl;];.

11. ,njd;dmwpahik rkak; vd;gJ xd;Nw mJNt rkurk; MFk;. .,njd;d mwpahik? rkak; vd;gJ xd;Nw. mJNtrkurk; MFk;.

12. cyfk; ehlhfthtJ ,Uf;fl;Lk; fhlhfthtJ ,Uf;fl;Lk; vq;Nfey;yth;fs; ,Uf;fpwhh;fNsh mq;Nf mJTk; ed;whf,Uf;Fk; vd;fpwJ GwehD}W.



71

‘cyfk; ehlhfthJ ,Uf;fl;Lk; ; fhlhfthtJ ,Uf;fl;Lk;. vq;Nf ey;yth;fs; ,Uf;fpwhh;fNsh mq;Nf mJTk;ey;yjhf ,Uf;Fk;” vd;fpwJ GwehD}W.

13. xUtd; xOf;fj;ij ,oe;jhy; midj;ijAk; ,oe;jtdhfpwhd; vd;wdh; Md;Nwhh;.

‘xUtd; xOf;fj;ij ,oe;jhy; midj;ijAk; ,oe;jtdhfpwhd;”> vd;wdh; Md;Nwhh;.

14. vr;rig nghJthd ,ak;gpdh; mwpQh;fs; mr;rig ,lq;nfhSk; mUl;ngUQ;N[hjp vd;w Rthkpfs; mUspr;nra;Js;shh;.

‘vr;rig nghJntd,ak;gpdh; mwpQh;fs; mr;rig ,lq;nfhSk; mUl;ngUQ;N[hjp”> vd;W Rthkpfs; mUspr;nra;Js;shh;.

15. gfL ele;j $o; vd;fpwJ ehybahh;.

‘gfL ele;j $o;”> vd;fpwJ ehybahh;.

vOj;Jg;gpiofisj; jpUj;jp vOJjy;

1. guit ,iwahfg; gaW tiffisj; jpz;Zk;

gwit ,iuahfg; gaW tiffisj; jpd;Dk;

2. Mw;wpy; nty;yk; fiw Guz;L XLfpwJ

Mw;wpy; nts;sk; fiu Gwz;L XLfpwJ

3. nte;jijj; jpd;W tpjp te;jhs; kha;Nthk; vd;gJ tPd; Ngr;R.

nte;jijj; jpd;W tpjp te;jhy; kha;Nthk; vd;gJ tPz; Ngr;R

4. nes; taypy; fiy ghpj;jNghJ muT fbj;jjhy; mswpdhd;

ney; taypy; fis gwpj;jNghJ muT fbj;jjhy;mywpdhd;

5. mjpfhiyapy; Nfhyp $TKd; vYe;J gs;Jyf;fpagpd; gbj;Njd;.

mjpfhiyapy; Nfhop $TKd; vOe;J gy;Jyf;fpa gpd; gbj;Njd;

6. Fyj;jpy; jhkiug;G+Tk; ms;spg;G+Tk; msfha;g; G+f;Fk;.

Fsj;jpy; jhkiug;G+Tk; my;ypg;G+Tk; mofha;g; G+f;Fk;.

7. gizNahis tprphpahy; tprphpajhy; iftpuy; tspj;jJ.

gidNahiy tprpwpahy; tprpwpajhy; iftpuy; typj;jJ.

8. ,iyQh;fs; kd;uk; mikj;Jj; jkps; tyh;f;f KbT nra;jdh;

,isQh;fs; kd;wk; mikj;Jj; jkpo; tsh;f;f KbT nra;jdh;

9. fhisapy; gy;yp nrd;W fs;tp fw;wpl Ntz;Lk;.

fhiyapy; gs;sp nrd;W fy;tp fw;wpl Ntz;Lk;.

10. nre;jkps; nkhypNa jkps; ehl;ltUf;F tpspahfj; jpfo;fpwJ.

nre;jkpo; nkhopNa jkpo; ehl;ltUf;F tpopahfj; jpfo;fpwJ.

11. epshnthspapy; jh[;kfs; mjpf msfhfj; Njhz;Wk;

epyhnthspapy; jh[;kfy; mjpf mofhfj; Njhd;Wk;

12. ey;y vz;izAk; Gz;zhf;Fk; md;id thq;fptwr; nrhd;dhh;.

ey;y vz;nza;Ak; gpz;zhf;Fk; md;id thq;fptur; nrhd;dhh;.

13. Rtw;wpy; vSjhNj

Rthpy; vOjhNj

14. thyg;gsk; jpd;wgpd; Njhis rhisapy; Nghlf;$lhJ

thiog;gok; jpd;wgpd; Njhiyr;; rhiyapy; Nghlf;$lhJ

15. Fye;ijapd; mYifia khw;w jha; thiyg;gok; je;J jhshl;Lg; ghbdhy;

Foe;ijapd; mOifia khw;w jha; thiog;gok; je;J jhyhl;Lg; ghbdhs;

16. nkhl;L ksh;e;J kdk; tPrpaJ

nkhl;L kyh;e;J kzk; tPrpaJ

17. khl;Lj; njhStj;jpy; rhdj;ij mo;opr; Rj;jg;gLj;Jf.

khl;Lj; njhOtj;jpy; rhzj;ij ms;spr; Rj;jg;gLj;Jf.

18. eha; Fiwj;jJk; tPl;bs; cy;Nyhh; tpof;if Vw;wpdh;



72

eha; Fiuj;jJk; tPl;by; cs;Nshh; tpsf;if Vw;wpdh;

19. Nfhypg; gd;idapy; fhpf;Nfhypfs; toh;f;fg;gLfpd;wd.

Nfhopg; gz;izapy; fwpf;Nfhopfs; tsh;f;fg;gLfpd;wd.

20. fhisapy; NjapisePh; Fbj;jhy; RURUg;ghf ,Uf;fpwJ.

fhiyapy; Njapiy ePh; Fbj;jhy; RWRWg;ghf ,Uf;fpwJ.

21. jha;g;gho; Fye;ijfSf;F es;sJ

jha;g;ghy; Foe;ijfSf;F ey;yJ

22. E}s; vStJk;; NghJ ftzkhf ,Uf;f Ntd;Lk;.

E}y; vOJk; NghJ ftdkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;

23. re;jzk; G+rp> jpUePU ,l;L gf;jpNahL nrs;fpwhs;

re;jdk; G+rp jpUePW ,l;L> gf;jpNahL nry;fpwhs;

24. fjph; mUf;fTk; fiy vLf;fTk; $sp Fiwthfj; jWfpwhh;fs;.

fjph;mWf;fTk; fis vLf;fTk; $yp Fiwthfj; jUfpwhh;fs;

25. fpop kwj;jpd; fpiyapNs msifj; Nja;f;fpwJ.

fpsp kuj;jpd; fpisapNy myifj; Nja;f;fpwJ.

26. ahiz Nfhtpisr; Rw;wp vq;fy; njWtpy; te;jJ.

ahid Nfhtpiyr; Rw;wp vq;fs; njUtpy; te;jJ.

27. gshg;gor; Riy> Njz; Ngho; ,zpf;fpwJ.

gyhg;gor; Ris Njd; Nghy; ,dpf;fpwJ.

28. ntaps; fhsj;jpy; ntd;dPhpy; Fopf;fyhkh?

ntapy; fhyj;jpy; nte;ePhpy; Fspf;fyhkh?

29. rop> ,Wky; gpbj;J kpfTk; njhs;isahf cs;sJ.

rsp> ,Uky; gpbj;J kpfTk; njhy;iyahf cs;sJ.

30. ,sdPh; Fbj;jhs; Foph;r;rpaha; ,Uf;fpwJ.

,sePh; Fbj;jhy; Fsph;r;rpaha; ,Uf;fpwJ.

31. flw;ghiw fj;jhpf;Nfhs; ,uz;Lk; gf;fj;J tPl;by; Nfy;.

flw;ghiu fj;jhpf;Nfhy; ,uz;Lk; gf;fj;J tPl;by; Nfs;.

32. Njhl;by; jpUfhdp fsd;W NjhL njhioe;J tpl;lJ.

Njhl;by; jpUfhzp fod;W NjhL njhiye;J tpl;lJ.

33. khztdpd; FUk;ig Mrpwpah; nghUj;Jf; nfhz;L cotpay; Kiwapy; fw;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

khztdpd; FWk;ig Mrphpah; nghWj;Jf; nfhz;L cstpay; Kiwapy; fw;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

34. jPghtyp gsfhuk; nghq;fs; tiuf;Fk; jPutpy;iy.

jPghtsp gyfhuk; nghq;fy; tiuf;Fk; jPutpy;iy

35. Nehz;G fhsj;jpy; fQ;rp Fbg;gJ ,];shkpahpd; tho;T KiwahFk;.

Nehd;G fhyj;jpy; fQ;rp Fbg;gJ ,];yhkpahpd; tho;T KiwahFk;.

36. fd;id tpspj;Jg; ghh;j;jJk; kWj;jth; kaq;fpdhh;

fz;iz tpopj;Jg; ghh;j;jJk; kUj;Jth; kaq;fpdhh;.

37. itf;Nfhs; khLfYf;F czthfpwJ.

itf;Nfhy; khLfSf;F czthfpwJ.

38. ez;nra; epsk; Fiue;j tpisf;F thq;fpNdd;.

ed;nra; epyk; Fiwe;j tpiyf;F thq;fpNdd;

39. rikao; fl;bs; rpiug;gl;Lf; fplg;gjh ngz;ikapd; thy;T.

rikay; fl;by; rpiwg;gl;Lf; fplg;gjh ngz;ikapd; tho;T.

40. rhAq;fhsk; Kbe;J me;jp te;jJk; epsT thzpy; csTk;.

rhAq;fhyk; Kbe;J me;jp te;jJk; epyT thdpy; cyTk;.

****



73

,yf;fpa eak; ghuhl;ly;

fpisapdpw; ghk;G njhq;f

tpOnjd;W Fuq;F njhl;L

tpsf;fpidj; njhl;l gps;is

ntLf;nfdf; Fjpj;j ijg;Nghy;

fpisNjhWk; Fjpj;Jj; jhtpf;

fPOs;s tpOij nay;yhk;

xspg;ghk;gha; vz;zp naz;zp

cr;rpNgha;j; jd;thy; ghh;f;Fk;

- ghujpjhrd;

Mypy; Fuq;F

Kd;Diu : ghujpjhrd; ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;bd; Gul;rpkpF fUj;Jfisg; ghf;fsha;g; ghb Gfo; g+j;jth;. ,tuJvz;zj;jpy;> vOj;jpy; Gul;rpfs; ntbj;jd. nkhopg;gw;W> ,dg;gw;W> ehl;Lg;gw;W vd;gd ,th; kdjpy; kz;bf; fple;jgw;Wfs;. ‘ghujpjhrd; ftpuhrd; ; ,e;jg; ghhpDf;Nf J}a Nerd; “ vd;W ghujpahy; ghul;lg;gl;lth;. mtuJ ,g;ghlypy;gapd;W tUk; eaq;fisf; fhz;Nghk;.

jpuz;l fUj;J: tskhd Xh; Mykuk;. me;j Mykuj;jpNy tpOJfs; gy njhq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jd. tpOJfSld;xU ghk;Gk; njhq;fpaJ. fpis NjhWk; jhtpf; Fjpj;jJ xU Fuq;F. mJ tpOnjd epidj;J ghk;igj; njhl;lJ.ghk;G vd mwpe;jJk; tpsf;ifj; njhl;l gps;is clNd ifia tpyf;FtJ Nghy - ntLf;nfdj; jd; ifia tpyf;fpf;nfhz;lJ. vdpDk; mr;rk; jPutpy;iy . tpOnjy;yhk; mjw;Fg; ghk;ghfj; Njhd;wpaJ. jd; thiyAk; ‘ghk;Ngh’ vd;wmr;rj;jpy; ghh;j;jJ.

ikaf;fUj;J : ,g;ghly; ghujpjhrdpd; ‘mofpd; rphpg;G’ vd;w E}ypy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s ghly;. ‘muz;ltd; fz;Zf;F,Uz;lnjy;yhk; Nga;’ vd;w gonkhopia epidT+l;LfpwJ ,g;ghly;. tpOJfis kl;Lky;y jd; thiyNa ghk;ghfvz;zp mQ;RtJ eifr;Ritapd; cr;rk;. Iakpd;wp> mr;rkpd;wp tho Ntz;Lk; vd;gij ikakhf itj;J ghlg;gl;lghly; ,J.

nrhy; eak; : vy;yhr;nrhw;fSk; nghUs; cilad. Mdhy; ghlypy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; nrhw;fs; Nfl;gtiu <h;f;fNtz;Lk;. Nfshjtiu Vq;fr; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ,e;jg; ghlypy; ‘ghk;G njhq;f’> ‘Fuq;F njhl;L fpisNjhWk; Fjpj;J’>‘xspg;ghk;gha;’ vd;Wk; njhlh;fs; tWikapy; nrk;ik Nghy vspikapy; Vw;wk; jUtdthf cs;sd.

nghUs; eak; : nghUspy;yhg; ghly; tpsf;fpy;yh tPL Nghd;wJ. ghlypd; nghUs; eak; ftpQh; vLj;jhSk; mzpeyd;fshYk; ctik eyd;fshYk; ntspg;gLk; frg;ghd kUe;ij ,dpg;Gld; fye;J nfhLg;gJ Nghy mr;rj;ijAk;Iaj;ijAk; ePf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w fUj;J eifr;Ritahff; $wg;gl;Ls;s jpwd; ghuhl;Lf;FupaJ; nghUs; nrwpTcilaJ.

njhil eak; : njhil eaj;jhy; ftpijapd; eileak; rpwf;Fk;

xU ghly; vJif> Nkhid> ,iaG Kuz; Mfpa njhilfshy; njhLf;fg;gl;lhy; gbg;gth; kdjpy; tpOk;. mth;jk;vz;z miyfspy; NkhJk; .Gjpa rpe;jidfs; vOk;.

vJifj; njhil: mbfspYk; rPh;fspYk; Kjy; vOj;J mstpy; xj;J ,uz;lhk; vOj;J xd;W Nghy; miktJvJifj; njhilahFk;.

fpisapdpy; tpsf;fpid

fpisNjhWk; xspg;ghk;gha;

,g;ghlypy; vJifr; rPh;fs; Xh; xOq;Fld; mike;Js;sd.

Nkhidj; njhil:

ru];tjp ifapy; cs;sJ tPiz

ghlypy; gapy;tJ Nkhid

mbfspYk; rPh;fspYk; Kjy; vOj;J xd;wp tUtJ Nkhid

tpsf;fpid fpisNjhWk; xspg;ghk;gha;

ntLf;nfd fPOs;s cr;rpNgha;

,Wjp %d;W mbfspYk; KjnyOj;J xd;wp te;J Nkhidj; njhil mike;J ftpijf;F ,d;Ndhir jUfpd;wJ.

re;j eak; : re;jk; vd;gjw;F Xir> ,ir vd;W nghUs;. mJ Nfl;Nghhpd; nrtpf;F ,d;gk; jUk;. re;jkpy;yhg; ghly;nrhe;jkpy;yh tPL Nghd;wJ. ,g;ghly; mWrPh;f; fopnebyb Mrphpa tpUj;jj;jpy; mike;j ‘gh’ MFk;.

} }

} }



74

gh Xir

ntz;gh nrg;gy; Xir

Mrphpag;gh mfty; Xir

fdpg;gh Js;sy; Xir

tQ;rpg;gh J}q;fy; Xir

‘Mrphpa’ tpUj;jk; vd;gjhy; ,g;ghly; mfty; Xir ngw;W ghb kfpo;tjhfTk; cs;sJ.

Riteak; : eif> mOif> ,dptuy;> kUl;if> mr;rk; ngUkpjk; vd;Dk; Ritapy;yhg; ghly; kzkpy;yh kyh;Nghd;wJ. Mykuj;jpd; tpOJfis gpbj;Jf; Fuq;Ffs;jhtpf; Fjpg;gJ ,aw;if. ,e;j ,aw;if epfo;tpy; jkJfw;gidj; jpwidf; - eifj; jpwidf; fye;J tpl;l ftpQhpd; gilg;G jdpr;rpwg;G cr;rp Ngha;j; jd; thiyAk;mr;rj;Jld; ghh;j;jJ vd;gJ eifr; Ritapd; - fw;gidj; jpwdpd; cr;rk;.

ctikr; rpwg;G:

ctik : tpsf;ifj; njhl;l gps;is ntLf;nfd Fjpj;jy;

ctNkak; : ghk;igj; njhl;l Fuq;F ifia ePf;Fjy;

ctk cUG : Nghy

nghUj;jk; : vhpAk; Rliuj; njhl;l Foe;ij ifia tpiue;J ePf;FtJ Nghy ghk;igj; njhl;l Fuq;F ifiaePf;fpw;W vd;gJ nghUj;jkhd ctik.

mzp eak;: mzpapy;yhg; ghly; mofpy;yh eq;if Nghd;wJ mzp vd;gjw;F moF vd;W nghUs;. ehk; mzpAk;fyd;fs; ek;ik moF nra;td Nghd;W nra;Ais moFgLj;Jtd nra;As; mzpfs;. me;j tifapy; ,g;ghlypy;gapd;W tUk; mzp ctik mzp MFk;. ctik xU thf;fpakhfTk; ctNkak; kw;nwhU thf;fpakhfTk; mikactk cUG ntspg;gl;L epw;gjhy; ctikazp MFk;.

KbTiu: ‘Mypy; Fuq;F’ vd;Wk; ,g;ghly; ek;ikr; rphpf;fTk;> rpe;jpf;fTk;> Mbg;ghlTk; itj;J tpl;lJ. mofpd;rphpg;gpy; mike;j ghNte;jhpd; ,g;ghly; ntWk; fhtpakd;W ; mopahj nrhy;Nyhtpak;; epiyahd fiyf; NfhGuk;vd;why; mJ kpifad;W.

3. epkph;e;j ed;dilAk; Neh;nfhz;l ghh;itAk;epyj;jpy; ghh;f;Fk; mQ;rhj newpfSk;

epkph;e;j Qhdr; nrUf;Fk; ,Ug;gjhy;nrk;ik khjh; jpwk;Gt jpy;iyahk;

mkpo;e;J NghpU shkwp ahikapy;ckpo;e;J js;Sjy; ngz;zw khFkhk;

cjafd;dp ciug;gJ Nfl;BNuh

cyf tho;f;ifapd; El;gq;fs; NjuTk;xJ gw;gy E}y;tif fw;fTk;

,yf rPUil ehw;wpir ehLfs;ahTk; nrd;W GJik nfhzh;e;jpq;F

jpyf thZj yhh; ehq;fs; ghujNjrNkhq;f cioj;jply; Ntz;Lkhk;

tpyfp tPl;Nyhh; nghe;jpy; tsh;tijtPug;ngz;fs; tpiutpy; xopg;Nghk;

nrhy;eak; - ckpo;e;J js;Sjy;my;yJ thZjyhh;

nghUs; eak; - cjafd;dp ngz; cyfpw;Ff; $WtJ Nghy;fUj;Jf;fisf; $wy;

mzpeak; - cUtf mzp - NghpUs;mwpahik

re;jeak; - vz;rPh;f;fop nebyb Mrphpa tpUj;jg;gh> mfty; Xir

4. ve;ijAk; jhAk; kfpo;e;JFyhtp,Ue;jJk; ,e;ehNl - mjd;

Ke;ijah; Mapuk; Mz;Lfs; tho;e;JKbe;jJk; ,e;ehNl -mtu;

rpe;ijapy; Mapuk; vz;zk; tsh;e;J



75

rpwe;jJk; ,e;ehNl - ,ijte;jid $wp kdj;jpy; ,Uj;jpvd;

thAw thoj;jNjNdh? - ,ijte;Nj khjuk; te;Nj khjuk;

vd;W tzq;NfNdh?,d;Daph; je;njik <d;W tsh;j;J mUs;

<e;jJk; ,e;ehNl - vq;fs;md;idah; Njhd;wp koiyfs; $wp

mwpe;jJk; ,e;ehNl-mth;fd;dpauhf epytpdp yhbf;

fspj;jJk; ,e;ehNl- jq;fs;nghd;Dly; ,d;Gw ePh;tpis ahb ,y;

Nghe;jJk; ,e;ehNl - ,ijte;Nj khjuk;> te;Nj khjuk;

vd;W tzq;fNfNdh?nrhy;eak; - ‘thAw thoj;jp’nghUs;eak; - ‘tho;j;jhky;’

,Ug;NgNdh vd;w tpdhtpy; tho;j;Jk;fhuzq;fs; $wy;

mzpeak; - nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tU epiyazp‘te;Nj khjuk;’ nghUs; jhia tzq;FNthk;

re;jeak; - ghtif - rpe;Jnrg;gy; Xir

5. gpwehl;L ey;ywpQh; rhj;jpuq;fs;jkpo;nkhopapw; ngah;j;jy; Ntz;Lk;

,wthj GfOila GJ E}y;fs;jkpo;nkhopapy; ,aw;wy; Ntz;Lk;

kiwthf ekf;Fs;Ns goq;fijfs;nrhy;tjpNyhh; kfpik ,y;iy

jpwkhd Gyiknadpy; ntspehl;Nlhh;mijtzf;fQ; nra;jy; Ntz;Lkl;

cs;sj;jpy; cz;iknahsp Az;lhapd;thf;fpdpNy xspAz;lhFk;

nts;sj;jpd; ngUf;ifg; Nghy; fiyg;ngUf;fk;ftpg;ngUf;Fk; NkT khapd;.

gs;sj;jpy; tPo;e;jpUf;Fk; FUlnuy;yhk;tpopngw;W gjtp nfhs;thh;

njhs;Sw;w jkpoKjpd; Ritf;zlhh;,q;fkuh; rpwg;Gf; fz;lhh;

nrhy;eak; - goq;fijfs;nghUs;eak; - MizapLtJ Nghy; fUj;Jfisr; nrhy;yy;,iaG - ‘Ntz;Lk;> Ntz;Lk;mzpeak;ctikazp - nts;sj;jpd; ngUf;ifg; Nghy;re;jeak; - mWrPh;f;fopnebyb

Mrphpa tpUj;jg;ghmfty; Xir

6. Vio nad;Wk; mbik nad;Wk;vtDk; ,y;iy [hjpapy;>

,opT nfhz;l kdpj nud;gJ,e;jp ahtpy; ,y;iyNa

thop fy;tp nry;tk; va;jpkdk; fPo;e;J $bNa

kdpjh; ahUk; xUep fh;r



76

khdkhf tho;Nt!

khju; jk;ik ,opT nra;Nthk;klik iaf;nfh Sj;JNthk;

ita tho;T jd;dpy ve;jtifapDk; ekf;Fs;Ns

ehjh; vd;w epiyikkhwpMz;fnshL ngz;fSk;

rhpep fh;r khd khftho;tk; ,e;j ehl;bNy !

nrhy; eak; - nfhSj;JNthk;nghUs; - ehk; ,t;thW tho;Nthk;

vd;W fUj;Jf;fisf; $WtJmzpeak; - nfhw;nghUs; gpd;tU epiyazp ‘tho;tk;’nghUs; - tho;Nthk;re;jeak; - vOrPh;f;fopnebyb MrphpatpUj;jg;gh

mfty; Xir

ghujpjhrd; ghly;fs;1. ePythd; Milf;Fs;. cly;k iwj;J

epyhntd;W fhl;Lfpd;wha; xspK fj;ijf;NfhyKO Jk; fhl;b tpl;lhy; fhjw;

nfhs;ifapNy G+j;jjdpg; G+Nth ePjhd;!nrhf;fnts;spg; ghw;FlNkh> mKj Cw;Nwh!

fhiyte;j nrk;ghpjpg; flypy; %o;fpfhdy; khwpf; Fspuile;j xspg;gp ok;Nghnrhy;eak; - ‘xspKfk;’nghUs;eak; - epyNthL Nehpy; NgRtJ Nghy; fUj;ij mikj;jy;mzpeak;ctikazp - thdr;Nrhiy G+Nth mKNjh Cw;Nwh

xspg;gpok;Nghre;jak; - vz; rPh;f;fopnebyb

Mrphpa tpUj;jg;gh- rhNkh> G+Nth> FlNkh> Cw;Nwh vDk;re;jear; nrhw;fs; mfty; Xir

2. fdpapil Vwpw RisAk; - Kw;wy;fioapil Vwpa rhWk;gdpkyh; Vwpa NjDk;- fha;r;Rg;ghfpil Vwpa RitAk;edpgR nghopAk; ghYk; - njd;idey;fpa Fsphpd ePUk;,dpad vd;Ngd; vdpDk; -jkpiovd;Daph; vd;Ngd; fz;Bh;!nrhy;eak; - ‘Kw;wYk; fio’nghUs;eak; - ,Utif xg;gPLmzpeak; - Ntw;Wikazp

,dpanghUs;- jkpo; ,dpaJvdpDk; - caph;

re;jeak; - ghtif - fz;zpfs;mfty; Xir

3. fhhpUs; mfj;jpy; ey;yfjpnuhsp eP jhd; ,e;jg;

ghhpilj; Japy;Nthh; fz;zpw;gha;e;jpLk; vOr;rp eP jhd;

Chpiz ehl;l ,e;jcyfpid xd;W Nrh;f;fg;

Nguwp thsh; neQ;rpw;gpwe;j gj;jphpifg; ngz;Nz



77

mwpQh;jk; ,ja XilMoePh; jd;id nkhz;L

nrwpjUk; kf;fs; vz;zk;nropj;jpl Cw;wp Cw;wpf;

FWfpa nray;fs; jPh;j;Jf;Ftyak; Xq;fr; nra;tha;

eWkz ,jo;g;ngz; Nzcd;eyk; fhzhh;

nrhy;eak; - fhhPus;nghUs;eak; - gj;jphpifiag;; ngz;zhf

cUtfg;gLj;jpf; fUj;Jfs; nrhy;tJmzpeak; - cUtfmzp

‘gj;jphpirg; ngz;’‘,jo;g;ngz;’

re;jeak; - mWrPh;f;fopnebyb Mrphpa tpUj;jg;ghmfty; Xir

4. ghujpahh; cyfftp! mfj;jpy; md;Gk;gue;Jah;e;j mwptpdpNy xspAk; tha;e;Njh!

x&Uf; nfhUehl;Lf; Fhpa jhd;Xl;ilr;rhz; epidg;Gilath; my;yh; kw;Wk;

tPuh; mth; ! kf;fspNy Nky;fPo; vd;Wtps;Stijf; fps;sptpl Ntz;Lk;k vd;Nghh;

rPUah;e;j ftpQhplk; vjph;ghh;f; fpd;wnrk;ikeyk; vy;yhKk; mth;ghw; fz;Nlhk;

gioaeil> goq;ftpij> goe;j kpo;E}y;ghh;j;njOjpg; ghujpahh; cah;e;jh hpy;iy;

nghope;jpLnrt; tpacs;sk; ftpij As;sk;G+z;bUe;j ghujpah uhNy ,e;ehs;

mOe;jpapUe; jpl;ljkpo; vOe;j njd;NwMizapl;Lr; nrhy;ypLNThk; md;id kPjpy;!

monfhspNRh; ghujpahh; ftpij jd;idmwpe;jpyNj Gtp vd;why; GtpNkw; Fw;wk;!

nrhy; eak; - ‘nrt;tpa cs;sk’;Kuz; - Nky; fPo;mzp - ,ay;G etpw;rpazpre;jk; - vz;rPh;f;fopnebyb Mrphpa tpUj;jk; mfty; Xir

5. vy;yhh;f;Fk; ey;ypd;gk;vy;yhh;f;Fk; nry;tq;fs;vl;Lk; tpise;jnjd;Wnfhl;LKuNr- tho;tpy;fl;Lj; njhiye;jnjd;Wnfhl;L KuNr!,y;yhik d;Dk; gpzp,y;yhky; fy;tpeyk;vy;yhh;f;Fk; vd;W nrhy;ypnfhl;LKuNr -tho;tpy;

nghy;yhq;F jPh;e;jnjd;W

nfhl;L KuNr!<d;W Gwe;jUjy;

jhapd; fld; cioj;j;y;

vy;yhh;f;Fk; flndd;W

nfhl;LKuNr! - tho;tpy;

Njd;kio nga;jnjd;W



78

nfhl;LKuNr

nrhy;eak; - fl;L - %lek;gpf;if

nghUs;eak; - nfhl;L KuNr vdr; nrhy;ypf; fUj;J tpsf;Fjy;

mzpeak; - nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tU epiyazp

re;jak; - ghtif- rpe;J> nfhl;L KuNr

gyKiw tUjy;

nrg;gy; Xir

6. mr;rk; jtph;ejJ - tho;T - ey;

yd;gpd; tpistJ tho;T

kr;rpdpy; tho;gt- NuDk; - mth;

khdj;jpy; tho;tJ tho;T!cr;rp kiytpsf;fhf - cy

Nfhq;Fk; Gfo;nfhz;l jhd

gr;irg; gRe;jkpo; ehl;by; -jkpo;

gha;e;jpl tho;tJ tho;T!

%jwp Ts;sJ tho;T - eWk;

Kj;jkpo; fw;gJ tho;T!fhjpdpy; Nfl;lijf; fz;zpd; - Kd;

fz;lij Xtpak; Mf;Fk;

ghjpj; njhopy;nra ypd;wp - csk;

gha;r;Rk; fUj;jpYk; nra;if

ahjpYk; jd;id tpsf;Fk; - fiy

,d;gj;jpy; tha;g;gJ tho;T!nrhy;eak; - ‘%jwpT’ my;yJ ‘eWk; Kj;jkpo;’

mwpTiu nrhy;tJ ghy;

nghUs;eak; - mwpTiu nrhy;tJ Nghy;

,iaG - ‘tho;T’nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tUepiyazp

re;jak; - ghtif - rpe;J + ‘tho;T’ - kpFj;J tUjy;

- nrg;gy; Xir

ehkf;fy; ftpQh; ghly;fs;

1. nrhy;tJ vy;yhh;f;Fk; RygkhFk;nrhd;dgb elg;gth;fs; kpfTk; nrhw;gk;

vy;iyapd;wp ePjpfis vOJthh;fs;vOjpaJ gpwUf;Nf jkf;nfd; nwz;zhh;

njhy;Yyfpy; ehkwpe;j jiyth; jk;Ks;nrhd;dJ Nghy; nray; Kad;whh; ,tiug; Nghy

,y;iynad;Dk; Nkhfd;jh]; fuk;re;j;fhe;jp,e;jpaj; jha; cyfpDf;Nf <e;j nry;tk;!

nrhy; eak; - ‘<e;jnry;tk;’nghUs;eak; - ctikiag; gad;gLJ;jpr; $wy;mzpeak; - cUtf mzp nry;tk; ( fhe;jp)

- ctikazp ,tiug;Nghy; ,y;iyre;jak; - vOrPh;f;fopnebyb Mrphpa tpUj;jg;gh mfty; Xir

2. NrhWk; Jzpkzp Rfq;fisf; fhl;bYk;Rje;jpu czh;Nt NkyhFk; !

$Wk; eyq;fis tpiy nfhLj; jhapDk;



79

nfhs;sj; jFe;jJ Rje;jpuNk !tPWk; fUizAk; tpj;jf QhdKk;

tpistJ Rje;jpu tpUg;gj;jhy;!NjWk; nghOjpdpy; Rje;jpuk; njhoj;jUk;

nja;tk; vd;gJ njspthFk;!

nrhy;eak; - ‘tpj;jfQhdk;’nghUs;eak; - xU tpdhtpw;F tpil $Wk; Kiwapy; ftpQh; fUj;ijf; $WtJ

mzpeak; - ,ay;G etpw;rpazp

re;jeak; - vOrPh;f;fopnebyb Mrphpa tpUj;jg;gh

‘mfty; Xir’3. md;gwk; tsh;e;jp lhky;

Mw;wYk; mwpTk; Fd;Wk;

td;Gfs; #Jk; thJk;

tof;Ffs; tsUk; tho;tpd;

,d;gKk; Cf;fKk; Md;k

vOr;rpAk; ,d;wp vd;Wk;

Jd;gKk; Nrhk;gy; #Ok;

Rje;jpuk; ,y;yh ehl;by;

nrhy; eak; - td;Gfo;

nghUs;eak; - vq;Nf vq;Nf vDk; Mh;tj;ijg; gbg;Nghhplk;

vOg;gp ,Wjpapy; ‘Rje;jpuk; ,y;yh ehl;by;’ vd;w

tpilia ,Wjpapy; $WtJ.

mzpeak; - ,ay;G etpw;rp mzp

re;j eak; - mWrPh;f;fopnebyb Mrphpa tpUj;jg;gh

mfty; Xir

4. gilahky; cz;zhj jkpo;ehL tho;f!gifahUk; vz;zhj jkpo;ehL tho;f!

milahj Jd;gq;fs; mitte;j NghJk;

mepahak; vz;zhj jkpo;ehL tho;f!nfhy;yhik cah;ntd;Dk; jkpo;ehL tho;f!

nfhil ts;sy; gyh;epd;w jkpo;ehL tho;f!,y;yhik mwpahj jkpo;ehL tho;f

,uthik mwk; vd;Dk; jkpo;ehL tho;f!nrhy;eak; - ‘,uthik’nghUs;eak; - vjph;kiwthh;j;ijfisf; $wp ,it ,y;yhj jkpo;ehL vd;W $wy;;

mzpeak; - nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tUepiyazp jkpo;ehL (m) tho;f

re;jeak; - vz;rPh;f;fopnebyb

Mrphpa tpUj;jg;gh

‘mfty; Xir’



80

ftpkzp Njrpa tpehafk; gps;isapd; ghly;fs;

1. XLk; cjpuj;jpy; - ‘tbe;J’xOFk; fz;zPhpy;

Njbg; ghh;j;jhYk; - rhjp

njhptJz; Nlh mg;gh?

vth; clk;gpdpYk; - rptg;Ng

,uj;j epwkg;gh!vth; tpopePh;f;Fk; - cth;g;Ng

,aw;iff; Fzkg;gh!

gpwg;gpdhy; vth;f;Fk; - cyfpy;

ngUik thuhjg;gh !rpwg;G Ntz;Lnkdpy; - ey;y

nraw;if Ntz;Lkg;gh!ed;ik nra;gtNu - cyfk;

ehLk; Nkw;Fyj;jhh;!jpd;ik nra;gtNu-mz;bj;

jPz;l xz;zhjhh;!nrhy;eak; - ‘Njbg;ghh;j;jhYk;’nghUs;eak; - md;ghy; mwpTiu $WtJ Nghy; fUj;J mikj;Jr; nry;yy;

,iaG - mg;gh

mzpeak; - nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tU epiyazp

‘mg;gh’ - kPz;Lk; te;J

re;jak; - ghtif fypj;Jiw

Ie;Jr; rPh;fs; ngw;W

ntz;lisAk; Mrphpaj;jisAk; tputptUk; re;jk;

2. xw;Wikahf cioj;jpLNthk; - ehl;by;

cw;w Jiztuha; tho;e;jpLNthk;

ntw;Wiu Ngrpj; jphpNa Ntz;lhk; - ,d;Dk;

tPzha; Guhzk; tphpf;f Ntz;lhk;

rhjp ,uz;lyhy; NtWsNjh? - xsitj;

jhapd; ciuAk; kwe;jPNuh?

Mjp ,iwtd; tFj;jJNkh? - kf;fs;

Mf;fpa fw;gid jhdpJNth?

kd;Daph;f; fhf Kay;gtNu - ,e;j

khepyj; Njhq;Fk; Fyj;jpduhk; !jd;Daph; Nghw;wpj; jphpgNu - vd;Wk;

jho;e;j Fyj;jpy; gpwe;Njhuk;kh !

nrhy;eak; - jphpgtNu (m) Mf;fpa

nghUs;eak; - tpdhf;fis kpFjpahf vOg;gpr; rpe;ij J}z;br; nry;Yk; fUj;Jtsk;

mzpeak; - ,ay;G etpw;rp mzp

re;j eak; - vO rPh;f;fopnebyb Mrphpa tpUj;jg;gh ‘mfty; Xir’



81

3. nrq;fjph; ntk;ik jzpe;jjb! thrj;

njd;wy; cyhtp vOe;jb!nghq;fp tUQ;Nriz khejpAk; - xU

nghd;dpwk; ngw;Wg; nghype;jjb

Ky;iy kyh;e;J kfpo;e;jjb! - Mk;gy;

%ba thAk; jpwe;jjb!vy;iy apyhkyh;r; NrhiyapNy - tz;Lk;

,d;dpir ghbj; jphpe;jb !jhAk; ,uq;fp tUFjb! fd;Wk;

jhtpf; Fjpj;Njhbr; nrhy;Yjb !MAk; nghopy; gwitnay;yhk; - me;jp

mq;fhb Nghy xypf;Fjb !nrhy;eak; - ‘me;jp mq;fhb’nghUs; eak; - Nehpy; fhZk; fhl;rpNghy; ftpQh; fUj;Jf;fisf; $WtJ

,iaG - ‘mb’ (mbNjhWk; ,iae;jJ)

mzpeak; - ctikazp ‘me;jp mq;fhb Nghy xypf;Fjb’re;j eak; - vOrPh;f;fopnebyb MrphpatpUj;jg;gh mfty; Xirr; rj;jk;

vOe;jjb> nghype;jjb>jpwe;jjb vd;gd Nghd;w eakpF nrhw;fSk;

ghly; ,irNahL ghl> re;jk; mikj;jd.

4. vOjpr; nry;Yk; tpjpapd;if

vOjpvOjp Nkw;nry;Yk;

njhOJ Nghw;wp epd;whYk;

#o;r;rp gyTk; nra;jhYk;

mOJ fz;zPh; tpl;lhYk;

mgak; mgak; vd;whYk;

tOtpg; gpd;dhy; VfpnahU

thh;j;ij khw;wk; nra;jpLNkh?

ghhp Nghyf; nfhLj;jtUk;

gzj;ijg; Gijj;J itj;jtUk;

Njhpd; kz;zha;g; Nghdjyhy;

nrk;nghd;dhdJ mwpNahNk:

Chpy; mth;jk; cliy naLj;J

ciuAk; epiwAk; fhzhNu

XUk; cs;sj; Jz;ikapij

Cd;wp Nehf;fp czh;thfpNa

(ckh;fa;ahkpd; - ghurPfk;)

tho;tpay; epfo;Tfs;1. gonkhop: ‘Kaw;rp jpUtpid Mf;Fk;’

czh;j;Jk; nghUs; : Kaw;rpiaf; iftplhky; njhlh;e;J nra;jhy; tho;tpy; cah;T fpl;Lk;.tho;tpay; epfo;T :

ehd; Mwhk; tFg;G gapd;W nfhz;bUe;j NghJ Gjpa khztdhfr; Nrh;e;jhd;. mtd; ,Jtiu rhpahfg;gbf;fhjjdhy; tFg;gpy; ‘mtd; Mq;fpyk; thrpj;jhYk; jkpo; thrpj;jhYk; jtwhf mtd; thrpg;gijf; Nfl;L tFg;Ngrphpf;Fk;’. Mdhy; mtd; mjw;fhf ntl;fg;gltpy;iy. gs;sp Kbe;jJk; vd;idg; Nghd;W ed;whf thrpf;ff; $bakhzth;fsplk; gofp thrpf;ff; fw;whd;. mtd; gs;spapd; Njhl;lq;fspYk; tay;ntspfspYk; jdpikapy; epd;W



82

Nkilapy; NgRtJ Nghy; cuf;f Ngrpg; gofpdhd;.

gs;spg; Nguitapd; nghWg;ghrphpalk; ‘ xNu xU Kiw tha;g;igf; nfhLq;fs; jaT nra;J jaT nra;J” vd;WnfQ;rpdhd;. md;W jPghtspj; jpUehisg; gw;wp Ngrpdhd;. Nfl;Nlhh; ‘ ek;k uh[;Fkhuh?” vd;W tpae;jdh;. md;WKjy; jkpohrphpah;fs;mtisg; gy Nghl;bfSf;F mDg;gpdhh;. ngUk;ghyhd Nghl;bfspy; ntd;w uh[;Fkhh; ,g;NghJ12 Mk; tFg;G gbf;fpd;whd;. gs;spapy; ,d;W mtd; Gfo; Ngrhjth; xUtUkpyh;. mtDk; gs;spf;Fg;ngUik Nrh;f;Fk;jiykhzhf;fdhf vq;fNshL gapd;W nfhz;L ,Uf;fpwhd;.

2. gonkhop: ‘rpW JUk;Gk; gy;Fj;j cjTk;’czh;j;Jk; nghUs; : rpwpa nghUs; vd;W vjidAk; ,fof; $lhJ. cyfpy; cs;s xt;nthU nghUSf;Fk;

gad;ghL cz;L.tho;tpay; epfo;T :

vq;fs; mz;il tPl;Lf;fhuh; Nehahsp. mth; jpdKk; jdf;Fj; jhNd Crp Nghl;Lf; nfhs;thh;. fhypahdFg;gpia vq;fs; tPl;bd; vy;iyf;Fs; J}f;fpg; Nghl;L tpLthh; ‘ cd; kUe;J ghl;by; Fg;igia Vda;ahvd; tPl;Lf;Fs;NghLw vd;W vq;fs; mg;gh mthplk; fLikahfg; NgRtJ cz;L mth; Nfl;gNj ,y;iy. me;jr; rpWFg;gpfis xUrhf;Fg; igapy; ehd; Nrh;;j;J itf;fj; njhlq;fpNdd;. mg;ghtpd; rz;ilf;F Kw;Wg;Gs;sp itf;fg;gl;lJ. vq;fs;gs;spapy; tPzhFk; nghUs;fspy; fiyg;nghUs; cUthf;Fk; Nghl;b ele;jJ. vd;dplk; ,Ue;j me;j kUe;Jf;Fg;gpfisf; nfhz;L jh[;kfhy; fl;blk; cUthf;fpNdd;. fz;Nlhh; tpae;jdh;. Nghl;b eLth;fs; ,e;jf; Fg;gpfis,g;gbg; gad;gLj;jyhkh? mofhf cs;sNj! vd;W ghuhl;bdhh;. Kjw;ghpRk; vdf;Ff; fpilj;jJ ntw;wpr; rhd;wpjiomg;ghtplk; fhz;gpj;Njd;. mth; vd;id mizj;Jf; nfhz;L ‘rpW JUk;Gk; gy;Fj;j cjTk; vd;gij nka;g;gpj;Jtpl;lhalh” vd;W ghuhl;bdhh;.

3. gonkhop: ‘Mapuk; fhf;iff;F xU fy;’czh;j;Jk; nghUs;: kdtypikaw;w kdpjh;fspd; xw;Wikia vspjhf mopj;J tplyhk;. tho;tpay; epfo;T :

vq;fs;mg;gh xU njhopw;rhiyapy; vOj;juhfg; ;gzpahw;Wfpwhh;. ,e;j Mz;L ey;y cw;gj;jp> vdNtjq;fSf;F gz;biff;Fg; ghpRj; njhif Fiwe;jJ 5000 &gha; toq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W njhlh; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; Copah;fs;Fjpj;jdh;. eph;thfpfs; Nghuhl;lj;ijf; fz;L nfhs;shjjhy; Copah;fs; jq;fs; FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fNshL njhlh;cz;zh tpujg; Nghl;bapy; <Lgl;ldh;. Nghuhl;lk; jPtpuk; mile;jJ. epiyikia czh;e;j eph;thfk; &gha; 3000jUtjhfTk; khjk; khjk; 10 fpNyh mhprpjUtjhfTk; $wpaJ. ,ijf; Nfl;lJk; ngz;fs; $l;lk; Nghuhl;lj;ijf;iftpl;lJ.ciog;ghspfSf;F khjk; khjk; fpilf;fg; NghFk; mhprpia vz;zpg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpyfpf;nfhz;lhh;. kWehs; vy;yhj; njhopyhsh;fspd; tPLfSf;fk; mhprp te;J Nrh;e;jJ. md;W gpw;gfNy njhopw;rhiyf;Ftof;fk; NghyNt Copah;fs; nrd;W tpl;ldh;.Mapuk; fhf;fifs; - njhopyhsh;fs; + FLk;gj;jpdh;xU fy; - xt;nthU tPl;bw;Fk; te;j 10 fpNyh mhprp

4. gonkhop: ‘msTf;F kPwpdhy; mKjKk; eQ;R’czh;j;Jk; nghUs; : kdpjDf;F ed;ik jUk; nghUisAk; msNthL gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

mstpw;F kPwpdhy; ed;ikNa jPikahf khwptpLk;.tho;tpay; epfo;T :

vd; ez;gd; Fkhh; mtd; ed;whfg; gbg;ghd;. jhd;,d;Dk; ed;F gbf;f fzpdp thq;fpj; thq;fpj; ,jdhy;xU ehisf;Fg; gykzp Neuq;fs; fzpdpNahL Neuj;ijr; nrytpl;lhd;. fzpapy; nghwpapay; fy;tp gapd;W cldbahfey;y Ntiyapy; Nrh;e;J if epiwa rk;ghjpj;jhd;. jpBnud;W xUehs; ‘ fz; njhpatpy;iy” vd;whd; Fkhh;. mtidg;ghpNrhjpj;j kUj;Jth; ,th; ,uT gfy; vd;W njhlh;e;J Xa;tpd;wp fzpdpapy; gzpahw;wpajpy; ,thpd; fz;rhh;e;jeuk;Gfs; nraypoe;J ktpl;ljhfTk;> kPz;Lk; ey;y ghh;it tUtJ fbdk; vd;wdh;. Fkhh; Ntiyia ,oe;J> ,g;NghJtPl;by; ,Uf;fpwhh;.mkpo;J - fzpdpahy; tho;tpy; cah;e;jJ.eQ;R - ghh;itia ,oe;jJ.

5. gonkhop: ‘xUghid Nrhw;Wf;F xU NrhW gjk;’czh;j;Jk; nghUs; : xU kpfg;nghpa FOtpdhpd; gz;G eyd;fis xUtiuf; nfhz;Nl cyfk; mwpe;J

nfhs;Sk;.tho;tpay; epfo;T :

vd;NdhL tFg;gpy; gbf;Fk; fhh;j;jpNfad; 8>9 Mk; tFg;G gapd;w NghJ Njrpa khzth; gilapy; ,Ue;jdh;.11> 12 tFg;Gfspy; ehl;L eyg;gzpj;jpl;j;jpy; Nrh;e;J Nrit nra;fpwhd;. ,uz;L thuq;fSf;F Kd; mtd; fpuhkj;jpy;,Ue;J gs;sp tUfpd;w topapy; xU fy;Y}hp khztd;. ,U rf;u thfdj;NjhL kaq;fpf; fple;jhd;. kf;fs; $l;lk;ghh;j;Jtpl;L mtuth; gzpfSf;Fr; nrd;wdh;. mq;F te;j fhh;j;jpNfad; clNd xU &gha; fl;lzj; njhiyNgrpapy;fhty;Jiwf;Fk; mbg;gl;l ,isQhpd; tPl;bw;Fk; mLj;j miukzp Neuj;jpw;Fs; mtdpd; FLk;gj;jhUk; fhtyh;fSk;te;J tpgj;Jf; fhg;G thfdj;jpy; kUj;Jtkidf;Ff; nfhz;L nrd;wdh;. chpa Neuj;jpy; kUj;Jt kidf;Ff; nfhz;Lnrd;wdh;. chpa Neuj;jpy; kUj;Jt kidf;Fr; nrd;wjhy; me;j ,isQh; caph; gpioj;jhd;. kfpo;e;j mtdJ jha;>



83

fhh;j;jpNfaDf;F xU iff;fbfhuk; nfhz;L te;jpUe;jhh;. fhh;j;jpNfaNdhjhd;nra;a Ntz;ba flikiaj; jhd; nra;jjhfTk; mjw;Fg; ghpR Ntz;lhk; vd;Wk; kWj;J tpl;lhd;. me;j jhNah‘cq;fs; gs;spjd;dykw;w Nrit nra;Ak; khzth;fiscUthf;Ffpd;wJ vd;gjw;F ,e;j xU khztNd NghJk;”vd;W $wp fhh;j;jpNfaid tho;j;jpdhh;.xU ghid - gs;spxU NrhW - khztd; fhh;j;jpNfad;

6. gonkhop: ‘,f;fiuf;F mf;fiu gr;ir’czh;j;Jk; nghUs; : mUfpy; fpilf;Fk; tho;tpay; ,d;gq;fistpl Ntw;W ,lj;jpy; njhiytpy;

fpilf;Fk; ,d;dgk; kpf cah;e;jjhf xU khaj; Njhw;wk; Njhd;Wk;.tho;tpay; epfo;T :

vd; mz;zd; utprq;fh ; kUj;Jtf; fy;Y}hpapy; Kjy; khztdhf ntw;wp ngw;WmWit rpfpr;ir epGzUf;Fhpa cah; fy;tpiaAk; fw;whd;. xU nghpa jdpahh; kUj;Jtkidapy; khjk; &gha; 50>000rk;gsj;jpy; gzpahw;w vd;mz;zd; miof;fg;gl;lhd;. xU Mz;L mq;F gzpahw;wpdhd;. cld; gzpahsh;fSk;cah; kUj;Jth;fSk; mtidg; ghuhl;bdh;. mnkhpf;fhtpy; ,e;jpa kUj;Jth;fSk; khjr; rk;gsk; Fiwe;jJ 2 ,yl;rk;vd;gijAk; ,ju trjp tha;g;GfSk; cz;L vd;Wk; ez;gh;fs; $wpaijf; Nfl;L mnkhpf;fh nrd;whd;. mtDf;FepA+ahh;f;fpy; xU jdpahh; kUj;Jt kidapy; Ntiy fpilj;jJ. khjr; rk;gsk; 3 ,yl;rk; vy;NyhUk; mtd; tho;T,dpNky; nropg;ghf ,Uf;Fnkd;W vz;zpNdhk;. mq;Fs;s rpukq;fis mDgtpj;J tpl;L ,uz;L Mz;LfSf;FgpwF mnkhpf;fhit tpl;L kPz;Lk; jhd; gzpahw;wpa kUj;JkidapNy gzpf;Fr; Nrh;e;jhd;. vd mz;zDf;F,f;fiuf;F mf;fiu gr;ir vd;gijg; Ghpe;J nfhs;s ,uz;L tUlk; MdJ . ,f;fiu - ,e;jpahtpy; kUj;Jtg; gzpmf;fiu - mnkhpf;fhtpy; kUj;Jtg; gzp

7. gonkhop: ‘tpisAk; gaph; KisapNy njhpAk;’czh;j;Jk; nghUs; : xU kdpjdpd; rpwe;j gz;GfSk; jpwikfSk; mtdJ rpW gps;isg;

gUtj;jpNy ntspg;gLk;.tho;tpay; epfo;Tfs; :

kJiuapy; mJ tWikapy; thba FLk;gk; me;jf; FLk;gj;jpy; fWg;G ituk; Nghy vl;lhtjhf xU Mz;Foe;ij gpwe;jJ. gs;spg; gUtj;jpy; me;jf; Foe;ij gy ghpRfisAk; ngw;W mk;khtplk; nfhLj;jJ‘ghpR gzkhf ,Ue;jhy; ,tDf;F ,d;Dk;ey;y czT nfhLg;NgNd!”vd;W me;j mk;kh kdjpw;Fs; nrhy;ypf; nfhz;lhs;. mtd; tsh;e;J jdJ Ngr;rhw;wyhy; kJiu mnkhpf;fd;fy;Y}hpapy; Nguhrphpauhdhh;. gpwF ahtUk; tpUk;gpf; Nfl;Fk;gb ciuahw;Wk; Ngr;rhsuhdhh;. gl;bkd;w eLtuhdhh;.gps;isg; gUtj;jpy; ,thplk; ,Ue;j Ngr;rhw;wy; ,d;W ,tiu cyfk; mwpej; cah;e;j Ngr;rhsuhfg; Nghw;Wk; epiyj;Jf;nfhz;L te;Js;sJ mth; jhd; gl;bkd;wj;jpy; Gfo; ngw;w jpU. rhykd; ghg;igahmth;fs; mtuJ CUk; cwTk;tpisAk; gaph; KisapNy njhpe;jJ vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. tpisAk; gaph; - Ngr;rhw;wy; epiwe;j vl;lhtJ gps;is tpise;jgaph; - cyF Nghw;Wk; jpU. rhykd; ghg;igah

8. gonkhop: ‘Njhy;tpNa ntw;wpf;Fg; gbj;jy;’czh;j;Jk; nghUs; : Njhy;tpf;F chpa fhuzj;ij Muha Kad;wtUf;F me;jj; Njhy;tpNa

ntw;wpf;Fhpa topfis mikf;Fk;.tho;tpay; epfo;T :

vd;NdhL 10 Mk; tFg;gpy; gapd;wtd; mUz; mtd; nghJj; Njh;tpy; Njhw;Wg; Nghdhd;. tPl;bNy Klq;fpmOJ nfhz;bUe;jhd; mtdJ mk;kh vd; tPl;bw;F te;J mtid MWjy; gLj;jr; nrhd;dhs;. mtdplk; ehd;nrd;Nwd; tho;tpay; Njhy;tpAw;W ntd;w mwptpaypd; je;ij Id;];Bd; gw;wp vLj;J nrhd;Ndd;. eP Njhw;wjw;fhdfhuzj;ijf; fz;Lgpb. mJNt cd; ntw;wpf;F Kjw;gb vd;Nwd;. Fwpg;gpl;l Nfs;tpfis kl;Lk; Njh;e;J vLj;Jg;gbj;J> kw;w Nfs;tpfisgl; gbf;fhky; ,Ue;jJ jhd; - jdJ Njhy;tpf;Ff; fhuzk; vd;whd;. ntF Neuj;jpw;Fg; gpd;eP ed;whf gbj;J vOjpg; ghh;f;f ehd; vy;yh topfspYk; cjTfpNwd; vd;W cWjp mspj;Njd;. mt;thNw mtdJ 10Mk; tFg;Gj; Njh;tpw;F mtDf;F cjtpahf ,Ue;Njd;.Njhy;tp - Njh;e;J vLj;Jg; gbj;Jntw;wp - vy;yhk; gbj;jjhy; te;jJ

9. gonkhop : ‘xd;W gl;lhy; cz;l tho;T‘czh;j;Jk; nghUs; : cyfpy; kdpjh;fs; xd;W $b xU nraiyr; nra;jhy; mjpy; ntw;wp fpl;Lk;.tho;tpay; epfo;T :

vq;fs; tPl;;bw;F Kd; njUtpd; rhf;fil XLfpwJ. ,uz;L ehl;fshf VNjh milj;Jj; Jh;ehw;wk; tPrj;njhlq;fpaJ. vd; mg;gh efuhl;rp mYtyfk; nrd;W rhf;filiar; Rj;jk; nra;a tpz;zg;gk; nfhLj;jhh;.ghprPypg;gjhfTk; tpiutpy; eltbf;if vLg;gjhfTk; mjpfhhpfs; gjpy; $wpdhh;fNs jtpu %d;W ehl;fs; MfpAk;rhf;filiar; Rj;jk; nra;a tutpy;iy. kWehs; vd; mg;gh vq;fs; gFjpapy; ,Ue;j vy;yh tPl;bdiuAk; re;jpj;JtPl;bw;F xUth; tpfpjk; jd;NdhL kw;nwhU kDitf; nfhLf;f tUkhW mioj;jhh;. Vwf;Fiwa 200 Ngh; Nrh;e;J



84

xU $l;L tpz;zg;gk; vOjp khefuhl;rpf;F nrd;wdh;. $l;lj;ijg; ghh;j;jNkyjpfhhpNa Nehpy; te;J eltbf;ifvLg;gjhfTk; cWjp $wpdhh;. md;W gpw;gfy; 2 kzpf;F efuhl;rp Copah;fs; te;J rhf;fil milg;Gfis ePf;fpRj;jg;gLj;jpdh;. vq;fs; efhpd; Jh;ehw;wk; ePq;fpaJ. vd; mg;gh jd;Dld; te;jth;fSf;F ed;wp $wpdhhh;.jdp tpz;zg;gk; - Njhy;tp$l;L tpz;zg;gk; - ntw;wp

10. gonkhop - ‘jd; ifNa jdf;Fjtp’czh;j;Jk; cz;ik : jd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhf jhNd fhuzkhf Ntz;Lk; vd;W Kad;W tho;f.tho;tpay; epfo;T :

vd; mz;zd; jPgd; 11 Mk; tFg;gpy; gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhs;. mts; ed;whfg; gbg;ghs;. mtd; ‘IIT,y; Nrh;e;J gbj;jhy; kfpTk; ey;yJ vd;fpwhh;fs;. Mdhy; mjw;F vd;d nra;tJ vd;W njhpatpy;iy” vd;W $wptUe;jJthd;. vq;fs; mg;gh gbf;fhj tptrhap vd;gjhy;> vd; mz;zDf;F ,J gw;wp mg;gh cjt ,aytpy;iy.vq;fs; njUtpw;F mLj;j njUtpy; xU khztd;IIT ,y; Nrh;e;J gbj;J te;jhd;. mtdpd; ngw;Nwhh;fsplk; vg;gbr;Nrh;tJ? vq;nfq;F gapw;rpf;Fr; nry;tJ vd;nwy;yhk; mz;zd; Nfl;lhd; mth;fs; rhpahfg; gjpy; nrhy;ytpy;iy.

gpwF ,izajsj;jpy; jfty;fis mf;fh Nrfhpj;jhs. 11 Mk; tFg;G tpLKiwapy; nrd;idapy; cs;s gapw;rpf;$lk; nrd;W IIT EioTj; Njh;tpw;Fg; gbj;jhs;. 12 - Mk; tFg;G Kbj;j gpwFk; gapw;rpf;Fr; nrd;whs;.

nrd;idapy; mjw;Fhpa EioTj; Njh;tpy; ntd;W ,d;W IIT khztpahf mf;fh gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhs;.gpwiu ek;Gtij tpl ek;ik ek;g Ntz;Lk; vDk; ghlj;ij vd; mf;fhtplk; ,Ue;J ehd; fw;Wf; nfhz;Nld;.

11. gonkhop ‘kpd;Dtnjy;yhk; nghd;dy;y’ czh;j;Jk;nghUs; : Gfo;ngWtd vy;yhk; nka;ahdit my;y NghypfSk; cz;Ltho;tpay; epfo;T : vq;fs; Ngl;ilapy; ,uz;L Mz;lfSf;F Kd;G ghG vd;gth; jdpahh; Nrkpg;G tq;fpxd;iwj; njhlq;fpdhh;. ‘Njrpa tq;fpfs; toq;Ftij tpl mjpf tl;b jUNthk;” vd;W Cnuq;Fk; tpsk;guk; nra;jhh;.vq;fs; gFjp kf;fs; cioj;J cioj;Jr; Nrh;j;j gzj;ij me;jj; jdpahh; tq;fpapy; $Ljy; tl;bf;F Mirg;gl;LKjyPL nra;jdh;. NkYk; me;j ghG Njrpa tq;fpfis tplf; Fiwe;j tl;bf;F xd;W ,uz;L NgUf;F fld; $lf;nfhLj;jhh;. ‘,J mUikahd tq;fp’ vd;W kf;fs; ek;gp> mjpy; Vuhskhd gzj;ij KjyPL nra;jdh;. Mdhy; nrd;wkhjj;jpy; xU ehs; ghGtpd; FLk;gk; Ciu tpl;Nl nrd;W tpl;lJ. gzk; Nghl;bUe;j kf;fs; fhty; epiyaj;jpd;Kd;G epd;W fjwp mOjdh;. ‘kpd;Dtnjy;yhk; nghd;dy;y vd;W ek; Kd;Ndhh; nrhy;ypf; nfhLj;jij mwpahky;,g;gb Vkhe;J tpl;Bh;fNs ehd; jFe;j eltbf;if vLf;fpNwd;” vd;W $wp fhty;Jiw Ma;thsh; kf;fismikjpg;gLj;jpdhh;.

12. gonkhop : ‘fhw;Ws;s NghNj J}w;wp nfhs;’czh;j;Jk; nghUs; : tha;g;Gf; fpilf;fpd;w NghNj KOikahfg; gad;gLj;jp ntw;wpnfhs;.tho;tpay; epfo;T : vq;fs; gFjpapy; Maj;j Milafk; itj;jpUg;gth; Ntyd;. ,th; jPghtsp tug;NghFk;xU khjj;jpw;F Kd;Ng kpFjpahd tpsk;guq;fisf; nfhLg;ghh;. tpahghuj;jpw;F ,t;tsT tpsk;guk; Njitah? “vd;W mth; kidtp Nfl;ghh;.‘ jPghtsp KbfpwJf;Fs;Ns rk;ghjpj;jhy; jhd; cz;L vd;W nrhy;Yk; mth; jPghtspf;FxU thuk; Kd;G Vuhskhd ghpRj; jpl;lq;fis mwptpj;jhh;. tpw;gidiag; ngUf;fpdhh;. jPghtspf;F Ke;ija ehs;mjpubj;js;Sgb vd;W kpff; Fiwe;j tpiyf;F Maj;j Milfis tpw;whh;. Fiwthf ,yhgk; itj;J tpw;fpwPh;fNs”vd;W tUj;jj;NjhL Nfl;Fk; kidtpaplk; kf;fs; Jzp thq;fpwNj jPghtspf;F kl;Lk; jhd; me;j Neuk; vt;tsTtpahghuk; nra;a KbANkh mt;tsT tpahghuk; nra;tJ jhd; Gj;jprhypj;jdk;. ,ijj;jhd; ek;Kila %j;Njhh;fs;fhw;Ws;s NghNj J}w;wpf;nfhs; vd;W nrhy;ypapUf;fpwhh;fs;” vd;W $wpdhh;. mth; kidtpAk; mij xg;Gf; nfhz;lhs;.

gonkhopfis tho;f;if epfo;tpy;p mikj;J vOJf:1. ty;ytDf;Fg; Gy;Yk; MAjk;2. Mj;jpuf;fhuDf;Fg; Gj;jp kl;L3. mfj;jpd; moF Kfj;jpy;njhpAk;4. fUk;G jpd;df; $yp Ntz;Lkh5. cg;gpl;ltiu cs;ssTk; epid6. Nehaw;w tho;Nt Fiwtw;w nry;tk;7. fw;NwhUf;F nrd;w ,lnky;yhk; rpwg;G8. mbNky; mb itj;jhy; mk;kpAk; efUk;9. gjwpa fhhpak; rpijAk;10. Rlh; tpsf;fhdhYk; J}z;LNfhy; Ntz;Lk;

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ùNuû] UôYhPm - · PDF file3 Rªr ØRp Rôs 1234536 7859...

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