NS 1300 Emergence of Modern Science Chapter #18 Rock Cycle.
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Transcript of NS 1300 Emergence of Modern Science Chapter #18 Rock Cycle.
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NS 1300 Emergence of Modern Science
Chapter #18Rock Cycle
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Rock Cycle
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Types of Rocks
IgneousIntrusiveExtrusivePyroclastic
SedimentaryChemical
Precipitates and Evaporites Fossiliferous
Clastic Sorted Unsorted
MetamorphicFoliatedUnfoliated
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Distribution of Elements in the Solar System
Elements in the Sun
Carbonaceous Chondrites
Elements in the Earth’s Core
Elements in the Earth’s Mantle
Elements in the Earth’s Crust
Elements in the Earth’s Hydrosphere and Atmosphere
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Minerals in Earths’ Crust
Oxygen = 46.6 %Silicon = 27.7 %Aluminum = 8.1 %Iron = 5 %Calcium = 3.6 %Potassium = 2.8 %Magnesium = 2.6 %All Others = 1.5 %
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Mineral Identification
Mineral ClassesSilicatesOxidesCarbonatesSulfidesSulphatesHalidesPhosphatesHydroxidesNative Elements
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Using Mineral Properties to Identify Minerals
Luster
Color and Streak
HardnessMoh’s Scale of Hardness
Cleavage
Specific Gravity
Special Properties
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Rock Texture
Random Crystalline Texture
Clastic Texture
Foliated Texture
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Mineralogic Composition
Igneous Minerals
Sedimentary Minerals
Metamorphism
Recrystallization
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Using Texture and Mineralogic Composition to Identify Rocks
Igneous RocksIntrusiveExtrusivePyroclastic
Sedimentary RocksClasticNonclastic
Metamorphic RocksFoliatedUnfoliated
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Igneous Rock Texture
PhaneriticCoarse-GrainedMedium-GrainedFine-Grained
AphaniticGlassyVesicularPyroclastic
Porphyritic
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Igneous Mineral Composition
FelsicGraniteRhyolite
MaficBasaltGabbro
IntermediateDioriteAndesite
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Bowen’s Reaction Series
Continuous Reaction Series
Discontinuous Reaction Series
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Using Texture and Mineralogic Characteristics to Identify Igneous Rocks
PhaneriticAmount of QuartzAmount and Type of FeldsparFerromagnesian Minerals
AphaniticTextureColor
PorphyriticPhenocrysts
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Sedimentary Rocks
Sediment FormationMechanical and Chemical Weathering
Sediment TransportWater, Ice, Wind and Gravity
Sediment DepositionEnvironment of Deposition
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Environment of Deposition
Non-marineTerrigenousLacustrine
MarineLittoralPelagic
Transitional
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Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
SortingGrain Size
Boulders Pebbles Sand Silt Clay
Rounding
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Classification by Grain Size
UnsortedConglomerateBreccia
SortedQuartz SandstoneArkoseGraywackeSiltstoneShale
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BioClastic Sedimentary Rocks
Micritic LimestonePelletal LimestoneOolitic LimestoneChalkFossiliferous LimestoneCoquina
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Chemical Sedimentary Rocks
PrecipitatesLimestoneDolomiteTravertineChert
EvaporitesGypsumHalite
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Other Compositions
Siliceous Sedimentary Rocks
Dolomite
Coal
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Sedimentary Structures
Cross-Stratification
Graded Bedding
Ripple-Marks
Mud Cracks
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Metamorphic Processes
Recrystallization
Crystallization
Rotation
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Metamorphic Mineral Composition
PeliticShale to Slate to Phylite to Schist to Gneiss
ArenaceousGranite to Schist to Gneiss
MaficAndesite to Schist to Gneiss
CalcareousLimestone to Marble
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Conditions of Metamorphism
Contact Metamorphism
Regional Metamorphism
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Classification of Metamorphic Rocks
FoliatedSlatePhylliteSchistGneiss
UnfoliatedMarbleQuartzite
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Rock Cycle