NRCD-Report 1

G.11011/2/2001-NRCD.I Ministry of Environment & Forests

National River Conservation Directorate (NRCD)

NATIONAL RIVER CONSERVATION PLAN (NRCP) SCHEME 1.0 Objective To improve the water quality of major rivers, which are the major fresh water source in the country, through the implementation of pollution abatement schemes. 2.0 Brief History The river-cleaning programme of the Ministry of Environment and Forests was started with the launching of the Ganga Action Plan (GAP) in 1985. A Central Ganga Authority under the Prime Minister was constituted to finalize the policy framework and to oversee the implementation of the Action Plan. Chief Ministers of concerned States, Union Ministers and Secretaries of the concerned Central Ministries and experts were its members. GAP was later extended to GAP Phase-II in 1993 and then to NRCP in 1995. GAP Phase-II was merged into NRCP in December 1996. Since then a single scheme of NRCP is under implementation as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme. The CGA was re-named as National River Conservation Authority (NRCA) with a large mandate to cover all the programmes supported by the National River Conservation Directorate. The functions of the NRCA are as follows:

i) To lay down, promote and approve appropriate policies and programmes (long and short-term) to achieve the objectives.

ii) To examine and approve the priorities of the National River Conservation Plan. iii) To mobilize necessary financial resources. iv) To review the progress of implementation of approved programmes and give

necessary directions to the Steering Committee, and v) To take all such measures as may be necessary to achieve the objectives.

Ganga Action Plan (GAP) Phase-I was started in 1985 as a 100% centrally funded scheme. The main objective of GAP, was to improve the water quality of Ganga to acceptable standards by preventing the pollution load reaching the river. Under GAP Phase-II pollution abatement works were taken up in 21 class-I towns in UP, Bihar and West Bengal. This Phase has been declared complete on 31st March 2000 at a cost of Rs. 451.70 crore. GAP Phase-I was extended to GAP Phase-II approved in stages between 1993 to 1996, which covered the river Ganga and its major tributaries viz., Yamuna, Gomati and Damodar. This action plan covers pollution abatement works in 95 towns along the polluted stretches of four rivers spread over seven States. The total approved cost of this action plan is Rs. 1498.86 crore which was approved on 50:50 cost sharing basis between the Centre and the State Governments. Later, however, it was felt that the river conservation activity needed to be extended to other rivers of the country also. Accordingly, the existing scheme was merged into a National River

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Conservation Plan. National River Conservation Plan (NRCP) was approved for Rs. 772.08 crore in 1995 on 50:50 cost sharing basis between the Centre and the State Government. The then Ganga Project Directorate was converted into National River Conservation Directorate for servicing the National River Conservation Authority and the Steering Committee. The objective of National River Conservation Plan being to improve the water quality of the major rivers which are the major fresh water source in the country through the implementation of pollution abatement schemes. It covered pollution abatement works in 46 towns along the polluted stretches of 18 rivers spread over 10 States. The Ganga Action Plan Phase-II was merged with NRCP in December 1996. Seven additional towns of Tamil Nadu were approved in January 2001 at a cost of Rs. 575.30 crore based on this funding pattern. NRCP was converted into a 100% centrally funded scheme on the lines of GAP Phase-I in November 1998. The land cost was however, to be borne by the States, Chennai Waterways in Tamil Nadu were approved in September 2000 at a cost of Rs. 491.52 crore and Yamuna Action Plan (extended phase) was approved in May, 2001 at a cost of Rs. 222.60 crore based on this funding pattern. In a meeting of the National River Conservation Authority held in March, 2001 under the Chairmanship of Prime Minister of India, it was decided to adopt an integrated approach for the river cleaning programme; and that all future works would be shared on a 70:30 basis between the Centre and the State Governments. Of the State share, the share of public shall be a minimum of 10% of the total costs. The chronology of approval and cost of various components of NRCP is given below: Sl. No.

Component Approved cost with 50:50 funding / date of approval

Present approved cost on 100% funding, Cost Sharing / date of approval by CCEA

1. Yamuna Action Plan 357.00/April 93 2. Gomti Action Plan 64.00/April 93 61.11/Nov 98 3. CETP, Calcutta 65.00/Aug 95 65.00/Nov 98 4. National River Conservation Plan 772.09/July 95 737.14/Nov 98 5. GAP-II (Main Stem including West

Bengal) 416.36/Oct 96 396.16/Nov 98

6. Yamuna Action Plan (first revision) 479.56/April 96 7. Damodar Action Plan 24.54/Oct 96 23.58/Nov 98 8. GAP-II (SC towns) 231.70/Oct 96 220.96/Nov 98 9. Yamuna Action Plan (2nd revision) 526.71/Sept 98 509.45/Nov 98 10. Chennai Waterways 491.52/Sept 2000 11. 7 additional towns of Tamil Nadu 575.30 (cost sharing) /

January 2001 12. Yamuna Action Plan (Extended

Phase) 222.60/May 2001

13. 2 additional towns of Punjab 14.97(70:30) / July 2001 14. 1 additional town of Maharashtra 11.64(70:30) / 08.01.02 15. 1 additional town of Goa 14.09(70:30) / 27.05.02 Total 3343.52

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3.0 Activities covered The activities under NRCP include the following:-

• Interception and Diversion works to capture the raw sewage flowing into the river through open drains and divert them for treatment.

• Sewage Treatment Plants for treating the diverted sewage. • Low Cost Sanitation works to prevent open defecation on riverbanks. • Electric Crematoria and Improved Wood Crematoria to conserve the use of wood and

held in ensuring proper cremation of bodies brought to the burning ghats. • River Front Development works such as improvement of bathing ghats. • Public awareness and public participation. • HRD, capacity building, training and research in the area of River Conservation. • Other miscellaneous works depend upon location specific conditions including the

interface with human population. 4.0 Funding Pattern

• NRCD/Government of India shall bear upto 70% of the Project cost. • States and Local Bodies shall bear 30% of the Project cost of which the share of public

would be a minimum of 10% to ensure public participation in the project. • The O&M shall be a part of the project and the costs thereon shall be borne entirely by

the State and local bodies for which additional resources have to be demonstrably raised and committed to O&M.

• The Local Bodies may raise loans from financial institutions such as HUDCO to contribute their share.

• If there is a cost overrun in a project because of delay, inflation or any other reason, the contribution of NRCD/Government shall be limited to its contribution amount initially agreed. Any additional expense on account of any increase in cost shall be borne by the concerned State Government.

• In addition NRCD/Government of India may undertake itself or commission projects to other institutions, voluntary agencies etc. also.

5.0 Mechanism of implementation and monitoring Projects or River Action Plans are considered by the Govt. on the basis of pre-feasibility report estimates prepared by the State Govts. After the project is approved in principle, detailed project reports (DPR) with firmed up cost estimates for various sub-components are prepared by the State Govts./Project proponents. These DPRs are appraised and approved by the Ministry following which Administrative Approval and Expenditure Sanctions are issued. On the basis of these sanctions, the State Governments / implementing agencies award contracts according to their own policy and rules. Progress of implementation is monitored by both the State Implementing Agencies and the Ministry through a multi-tier monitoring mechanism. This includes: State Level

i) The progress monitoring by a team of field engineers on day to day basis.

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ii) Monthly review progress at the Chief Executive level of the nodal implementing agency.

iii) Citizen’s Monitoring Committee in each town to review the progress and provide inputs for public participation and involvement.

iv) Periodical review by the Divisional Project Monitoring Cells. v) Periodical review of progress by a State Steering Committee chaired by the

concerned Chief Secretaries. vi) Periodical review by a High Powered Committee under the Chairmanship of Chief

Minister. Central Level

i) Regular review by NRCD officials including frequent site visits. ii) Regular review by NRCD Project Director. iii) Quarterly review of progress by a Steering Committee headed by Secretary of the

Ministry. Chief Secretaries of the concerned States and experts in the Public Health Engineering and other related areas are the members of this Committee.

iv) Quarterly review of progress of scientific and technical aspects of the programme as well as the impact of works on the river water quality by a Monitoring Committee headed by Members Environment, Planning Commission.

v) Periodical review by a Standing Committee of NRCA headed by the Union Minister of Environment & Forests.

vi) Periodical review of progress by the National River Conservation Authority headed by Prime Minister. The concerned Chief Ministers, among others, are the members of this Committee.

6.0 Further details of activities, funding pattern, mechanism of implementation and monitoring, Project Preparation Guidelines etc. are given in the enclosed Guidelines (Appendix B). 7.0 Year wise-Plan Outlay and phasing of expenditure in the X Plan

Year Outlay (Rs. in Crore) 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07

290.00 290.00 290.00 290.00 290.00

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REVISED GUIDE LINES FOR PREPARATION OF DPRs FOR

CONSERVATION OF RIVERS & LAKES

CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION 1.1. The National River Conservation Directorate in the Ministry of Environment & Forests

had prescribed guidelines for the preparation of the Project Feasibility and the Detailed Project Reports under the National River Conservation Plan. Since then a number of developments have taken place including the resolutions passed by the National River Conservation Authority (NRCA) in its meeting held in March 2001 (Annexure I). It has, therefore, been decided to issue new guidelines for the preparation of Detailed Project Reports under the National River Conservation Plan and the National Lake Conservation Plan consolidating the decisions taken from time to time. Since the proposals in future will be considered on the basis of DPRs only, PFR are not to be submitted to the NRCD and so the guidelines for preparing the PFRs are not being issued. These guidelines supercede earlier guidelines and should be followed.

1.2. The DPR should consist of

1.2.1. A review of the status of the river/lake system

1.2.2. Identification of degraded stretches & towns responsible for it.

1.2.3. Selection of Towns in order of priority where conservation works should be taken

up and the justification for their selection.

1.2.4. Collection of information about the river/lake and basin/ catchment useful for

system and component design.

1.2.5. Investigations carried out for DPR Preparation

1.2.6. Design of System and components

1.2.7. Human, physical and financial resources required for Operation & Maintenance

and the manner in which they will be ensured.

1.2.8. Plan for Public Awareness. & Public participation:

1.2.9. Plan for HRD and Capacity Building

1.2.10. Plan for project management & dealing with institutional issues identified

1.2.11. Plan to finance the project

1.2.12. Monitoring & Evaluation plan

1.2.13. Cost Estimates of DPRs with drawings and specifications

1.2.14. Any other item considered relevant and useful.

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CHAPTER II : STATUS OF THE RIVER/LAKE SYSTEM & SELECTION OF TOWNS 2. Priority lists of rivers/lakes and towns/cities 2.1. While the causes of degradation of rivers and lakes are many, the towns and cities on

their banks with beaming population and industry are the most significant sources of degradation of rivers, lakes and seas. In view of the limited resources available, it is not possible to take up all degraded rivers and lakes for conservation together. It is, therefore, necessary to prepare lists indicating priority of rivers/lakes and also of the cities / towns where conservation programmes would be taken up in the X plan.

2.2. In order to select the river / lakes and cities / towns and arrange them in order of priority

for this programme, studies are required to be made based on the relevant data / information. After the river / lake system has been studied and the major sources of degradation identified, the cities on the banks responsible for their severe degradation need to be studied in detail. Relevant data required to design the system and the components need to be collected for the preparing the DPR.

2.3. Collection of data/information

The following information of river/lake and basin/ catchment is useful:

2.3.1. Area of the basin / catchment of the river/lake.

2.3.2. Topography

2.3.3. Climate including rainfall,

2.3.4. Land Use

2.3.4.1. Agriculture,

2.3.4.2. Forests,

2.3.4.3. Mining

2.3.4.4. Residential, commercial and industrial

2.3.5. Status of Ground Water development and use

2.3.6. Dams and diversion works

2.3.7. Discharge figures if the water body is gauged

2.3.8. Abstraction of water

2.3.9. Morphology and hydrology of the water body

2.3.10. Water quality of the water body in its different reaches

2.3.11. Aquatic life present in the water body in different stretches of the water body

2.3.12. Traditional and current uses to which the water body is put in different reaches

2.3.13. Economic, cultural and religious significance of the water body and the towns

located on it

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2.3.14. Towns with population exceeding one hundred thousand located on the river. For

each such town

2.3.14.1. Population in last census,

2.3.14.2. status of water supply,

2.3.14.3. sewerage,

2.3.14.4. drainage,

2.3.14.5. garbage and bio-medical waste and

2.3.14.6. Industrial effluent disposal.

2.4. Use of Available Sources

2.4.1. The above data may be collected from available sources and presented in figures, charts and maps along with description in brief.

2.4.2. If some of the information is not available or not adequate, fresh studies should

be undertaken only if it is felt that in the absence of the missing information, the work of selecting the river/lake and the cities cannot be done.

2.5. Use of modern tools GIS

2.5.1. If there are easily accessible facilities attempt should be made to use remote sensing and present the spatial information in Geographical Information System (GIS) format.

2.6. Criteria for Selecting a river/lake for Conservation:

A lake/river may be selected for conservation under the NRCP/NLCP if 2.5.1. the water body – river, lake or the sea -- is so degraded that it cannot be put to its

traditional and desired use 2.5.2. the people are strongly aware of the degradation 2.5.3. they highly value the restoration of the water body

2.7. Criteria for selecting towns for taking up Conservation of rivers and lakes

Works may be proposed in a town if 2.7.1. The town is located on the bank of river or lake or is a coastal town.

2.7.2. The population of the town is at least one lakh.

2.7.3. The water body (river/lake) is highly degraded and cannot be put to its traditional/designated use because of

2.7.3.1. Discharge of domestic waste water/ industrial waste. 2.7.3.2. municipal solid waste 2.7.3.3. other non point sources of pollution,

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2.7.4. The flood plain is heavily encroached

2.7.5. Wrong land use in violation of the Master Plan leading to heavy soil erosion and sediment transport to the water body—

2.7.6. There is high level of awareness about the city being the major cause of

degradation of the water body leading to the demand from the residents of the town to take up conservation measures.

2.7.7. The citizens are willing to demonstrably raise additional resources and make

financial contribution of a minimum of 10% of the project cost and to meet the recurring expenses of O&M and other heads.

2.7.8. The local body is willing to make its contribution and take responsibility for

preparing and implementing the project and carrying out O&M at its own cost.

2.7.9. The residents of the town, the local body and the State Government together

are willing to contribute a minimum of 30% of the project cost, out of which the citizens are willing to contribute a minimum of 10% of the project cost.

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CHAPTER III : INVESTIGATIONS FOR DPR PREPARATION 3.1. The following information / data of the town selected are required.

3.1.1. Demographic data may be collected pertaining to the five preceding decades including current ward-wise data. The populations may be projected for the base and other relevant points of time using the census data, the potential for growth of population in each ward, scope of additional construction in the Master Plan and other relevant available data.

3.1.2. Economic, social and cultural information may be obtained from the gazetteer,

plan documents prepared for submission to the State Planning Board or the State Government and other sources.

3.1.3. General topography and Land Use Pattern

3.1.4. Hydro-geological including geo-hydrological and Geotechnical

3.1.5. Storm Water

3.1.6. Water Supply Status of the town

3.1.7. Sewerage Status of the town

3.1.8. Quantity and quality of waste water - sewage and sullage – in drains outfalling in to the river

3.1.9. Municipal Solid Waste

3.1.10. Water quality upstream and down stream of the town and discharge of the water body

3.1.11. Flora and Fauna

3.1.12. Non Point Sources of Pollution

3.1.12.1. Dairies 3.1.12.2. Motor Garages 3.1.12.3. Cattle wallowing 3.1.12.4. Open area and bank side defecation 3.1.12.5. Deadbody and carcass dumping 3.1.12.6. Indiscriminate dumping of garbage in nearby banks and open areas.

3.1.13. River front facilities- to improve aesthetics and reduce pollution / bank eerosion.

3.1.14. Industrial effluent

3.1.15. Industrial Solid Waste:

3.1.16. Bio medical Waste & other hazardous waste

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3.2. Additional Data Required For coastal towns:

3.2.1. tidal incursion and mangroves

3.2.2. Coast Line

3.2.3. Coastal Zone Management Plan 3.3. Additional Data Required For Towns On The Bank Of A Lake:

3.3.1. Bathymetry Of Lake ,

3.3.2. Water spread in different months and area encroached

3.3.3. Defining the Catchment Area

3.3.4. Land Use in the Catchment, identifying areas that yield sediment,

3.3.5. Discharge measurement of all inflows in to and outflows from the lake,

3.3.6. Peak Flood Flow in to the lake

3.3.7. Characterisation of the discharge flowing in to the lake.

3.3.8. Water quality in selected sampling points chosen on the basis of sources of pollution of the lake. The water quality parameters chosen should include, in addition to the usual ones, sediment content by size, nutrient (Phosphorous and Nitrogen), pesticides if the return flow from agricultural fields joins the streams feeding the lake and thermal profile i.e., temperature at different depths.

3.3.9. Sediment analysis particularly for Phosphorous and Nitrogen content

3.3.10. Hydro-biology of the lake:: Macrophytes, Animal communities, Zoo benthos,

Zoo plankton.

3.4. Land Use, Contour, Drainage & Thematic Maps:

3.4.1. Satellite imagery can give the current land use map of the city and the catchment. The State Remote Sensing Agency, if it is in a position to do so, should be asked to prepare it using the most recent available imagery covering the area within municipal limits and extending 10 kms beyond the municipal limits.. It may also be asked to procure the maps prepared by the National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA) under their Natural Resources Information System. the map of the municipal body and the Master Plan of the city should also be collected. However, if it is difficult or time consuming to get these inputs from the NRSA or the State Remote Sensing Agency, the map of the municipal body and the local Development Authority may be used.

3.4.2. The contour interval in the maps of the Survey of India (SOI) is large. Contour

map of the city with at the most 5m contour interval should be obtained. If there

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is no such map a survey may have to be done particularly of the area where sewers have to be laid or pumping stations to be constructed.

3.4.3. Deviations in land use with respect to that shown in the Master Plan and

encroachments should be indicated in the map.

3.4.4. Drainage map should be prepared if not already existing.

3.4.5. Tentative/provisional sites available for treatment plants, pumping stations and disposal works etc. should be identified and marked on the map.

3.4.6. Thematic maps may be prepared to the extent feasible and considered useful for

the project. 3.5. Hydro -geological

3.5.1. Meteorological data

3.5.2. Ground water depth and its seasonal fluctuation affecting construction, sewer infiltration and structural design,

3.5.3. Soil Bearing Capacity and type of strata expected to be encountered in

construction up to anticipated depths 3.6. Water Supply Status of the town

3.6.1. Details of sources of discharge: quality, change in levels of underground and surface water supply sources, along with their locations on the city map.

3.6.2. Discharge available from each water supply source.

3.6.3. Ward-wise per capita water supply in lpcd- present and expected after works under construction and planned are completed.

3.6.4. Plan showing water supply works, existing and under construction and future

plans for augmentation of water supply in the town may be collected.

3.6.5. Brief description of water supply status of the town along with completion plans of the existing works

3.6.6. A copy of the water supply master plan/major estimates prepared earlier should

be obtained. 3.7. Sewerage Status of the town

3.7.1. Ward-wise arrangements in the households for the disposal of toilet waste water.

3.7.1.1. Areas / streets covered with sewers 3.7.1.2. Areas / streets covered with Septic tanks and soakage pits discharging

into street drains

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3.7.2. Details of sewerage works in the town including completion plan of sewers, intermediate pumping stations, MPS, rising mains, STPs, showing diameters/lengths/gradients of sewers, levels, capacities, duties of pumping plants etc.

3.7.3. Out falls and drains / sewers leading to the outfalls should be plotted on a

drainage map of the town.

3.7.4. A copy of the sewerage master plan / major DPRs prepared earlier. 3.8. Domestic pollution:

3.8.1. No. of drains carrying the domestic sewage, polluting the water body

3.8.2. Actual field survey to be conducted, for at least one month during dry weather to assess pollution load quantitatively and qualitatively. Actual present flows to be measured at the point of outfall into the water body. The pollutants, BOD, COD, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Chlorides, Ph, temperature, colour, odour, total suspended solids, volatile suspended solids and fecal coliforms are also to be measured. The samples should be flow proportional and composited taken once a week for diurnal variation on hourly basis. For this purpose, considering a four week month, three samples to be taken on week days, whereas the fourth sample to be taken on an off day i.e. Sunday.

3.9. Storm Water

3.9.1. Storm water drains may be marked on the city plan.

3.9.2. Catchment areas of each nala to be marked on the city map showing ground levels, so that population contributing wastewater to the nala could be ascertained.

3.10. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)

3.10.1 The survey and investigation for MSW may be done in accordance with the guidelines given as Annexure III

3.11 Water quality and discharge of the water body

3.11.1 Collect data about the quantity of flow/discharge from the CWC or the Deptt. Of

Irrigation for as long a period as it is available. 3.11.2 Water quality-- BOD, COD, Ph, Temperature, Suspended Sediment, Heavy

metals, Pesticides-- of the water body and its identified tributaries in the stretches of the river within the limits of the town, upstream and downstream of the town concerned for a period of 10 years or for such period as the data is available, to be obtained from the records of SPCB, CPCB and CWC.

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3.12 Flora and Fauna:

3.12.1 Data to be obtained from the Botanical Survey Of India, Zoological Survey Of India, State Pollution Control Board / Central Pollution Control Board and (local University in case any research has been done).

3.12.2 Information on endangered and rare flora and fauna may be obtained, Endangered

flora and fauna may need protection by way of restoration/ conservation programme.

3.12.3 In case this information is not available or will take a long time to obtain, the

DPR should not be held back and submitted without this information. The information should be collected later.

3.13 Coastal Towns:

3.13.1 Water quality and discharge in case of coastal towns.

3.13.2 Additional data relating to tidal incursion and mangroves to be collected. 3.14 Non Point Sources of Pollution

3.14.1 Dairies

3.14.1.1 Quantification of dairy waste

3.14.1.1.1 Present locations and disposal points to be marked on the city plan

3.14.1.2 Present treatment methods being employed

3.14.2 Dhobighats

3.14.2.1 Nos., locations to be marked on the city plan 3.14.2.2 number of dhobis in each ghat, 3.14.2.3 clothes washed and

3.14.3 Sites reserved in the master Plan for location of dairies and dhobi ghats

3.14.4 Motor Garages

3.14.4.1 numbers and their locations on the city map,

3.14.4.2 quantification of the washings from the garages,

3.14.4.3 Average no. of vehicles being washed per day ,

3.14.4.4 disposal sites of washings may be marked on the city map

3.14.4.5 Sites reserved for the activity in the Master Plan

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3.14.5 Cattle wallowing

3.14.5.1 Locations of cattle wallowing 3.14.5.2 Number of Cattle wallowing &

3.14.6 Carcass Disposal

3.14.6.1 Locations of carcass disposal 3.14.6.2 Number of carcasses disposed of per day 3.14.6.3 Sites reserved for carcass disposal in the master plan

3.14.7 Low cost sanitation

3.14.7.1 Identification and marking on map of open spaces being used for open

defecation 3.14.7.2 A survey to estimate the number of persons using each such space per

day. 3.14.7.3 Location of community latrines in the city and the number of seats in

each site. 3.14.7.4 Estimate of number of dwelling units in the city, which do not have a

latrine. 3.14.7.5 No. of dwelling units in the city which have only the dry pit latrine. 3.14.7.6 Details of activities already taken up under low cost sanitation

programme of the Social Welfare Department and other state agencies 3.14.7.7 Identification of places where community toilets need to be set up,

including the number of seats at each location. One seat can be assumed to cover 50 persons.

3.14.8 Crematoria:

3.14.8.1 Wood based – their number – show location on the city map

3.14.8.2 Electric – their number – show location on the city map

3.14.8.3 Others – their number – show location on the city map

3.14.8.4 The number of bodies being burnt at each burning ghat during the last five years may be collected.

3.14.8.5 If under GAP or the NRAP, electric and wood based crematoria have

been set up in the state, before deciding about the number and location of further crematoria to be constructed, the performance and acceptance of different type of crematoria may be ascertained..

3.14.8.6 Identification of places where additional crematoria need to be set up,

including the number required.

3.14.9 River front facilities:

3.14.9.1 Identification of river ghats being used for bathing.

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3.14.9.2 Identification of improvements required in bathing ghats. 3.14.9.3 Identification of new ghats to be constructed.

3.14.10 Plantation:

The plantation work may be planned in accordance with the guidelines given as Annexure IV

3.15 Industrial Pollution Including Hazardous And Toxic Waste

3.15.1 The responsibility of ensuring that the industrial waste is safely disposed of in accordance with law is that of the respective industrial unit. The control and monitoring of pollution from industrial wastes is the responsibility of the State Pollution Control Board The State Pollution Control Board is to ensure that the generators of industrial waste dispose it of, as prescribed in law and that the standards prescribed are observed. The SPCB may be asked to furnish the following information:

3.15.1.1 The number of industrial units in different wards and industrial areas.

3.15.1.2 Grossly polluting units – number, quantity & quality of solid waste

3.15.1.3 The points where the industrial, hazardous and bio-medical wastes is treated.

3.15.1.4 The points where the industrial, hazardous and bio-medical wastes

are disposed of.

3.15.1.5 The points where the industrial, hazardous and bio-medical wastes are being mixed with the municipal wastes – effluents in sewers, solid waste in MSW. The points should be shown in the city map.

3.15.1.6 Its quantity and quality at those points should also be obtained. The

information – quantity and quality- about different types of wastes such as MSW, industrial hazardous and biomedical should be obtained in disaggregated form separately for liquid and solid.

3.15.1.7 Existing arrangement for handling and treatment of Toxic, Hazardous,

bio-medical/hospital wastes be indicated.

3.15.1.8 Number of hospitals, nursing homes and other units generating bio-medical waste. They may be plotted on the map showing land utilisation.

3.15.1.9 Indicate sites reserved for treatment of bio-medical waste in the

master plan

3.15.2 The SPCB may be requested to review its performance and resources and if there is need, prepare a plan to enhance its capacity to ensure effective control and management of pollution in the town/city where the conservation measures are proposed.

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CHAPTER IV : DESIGN OF SYSTEM AND COMPONENTS 4.1. Types of Schemes: The system to improve the environment of the city may consist of

sub-systems or schemes that relate to

4.1.1. Sewage collection, treatment, re-use / disposal

4.1.2. Low cost sanitation

4.1.3. Crematoria

4.1.4. Other non point sources of pollution

4.1.5. River Front Development Works

4.1.6. Watershed/Catchment Treatment:

4.1.7. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)

4.1.8. Bio-medical waste

4.1.9. Human Resource Development

4.1.10. Institutional Strengthening

4.2. System Design

4.2.1. Objective: The DPR should be prepared to achieve clearly spelt objectives in terms of abatement of pollution from various sources of pollution and of environmental improvement. There should be performance parameters of each component and the system as a whole so that the effectiveness can be monitored and evaluated.

4.2.2. Alternative Systems: Feasible alternative systems, keeping in view the existing

infrastructure in the town should be prepared.

4.2.3. Sub-system alternatives for major components such as Sewage and MSW should include the alternatives of Centralised Systems and Decentralised systems.

4.2.4. Techno economic evaluation should be carried out on life cycle analysis of

major components. This analysis should include capitalized annual O & M costs less revenue from resource recovery, recycling, by-product utilization. Interest on borrowed capital, debt servicing charges & depreciation provisions to arrive at the Net Present Values (NPV) of the alternative systems considered. Ease of O&M, time required to construct and achieve the desired project objectives & costs of mitigation of any adverse environmental impacts to be loaded on the costs assigned for the alternatives., human, physical, electrical and other forms of energy, other pros and construct, reliability and long term sustainability should also be given appropriate weightages. On such an evaluation, the best option should be selected.

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4.2.4.1. The summary of the above analysis shall form an important component

of the draft DPR for public consultation before finalisation. 4.3. Design Criteria

4.3.1. Sewage:

4.3.1.1. It is not desirable for a town with piped water supply and flushing system to discharge the sewage from the dwelling unit directly in to street drain. If such a situation exists in a town or some of its parts alternatives for good sanitation including low cost sanitation should be worked out and what ever is practically feasible should be a part of the plan.

4.3.1.2. Sewers, sewage pumping stations and Sewage Treatment Plants

proposed under river action plan would ultimately become a part of the town’s sewerage and sewage treatment facility. This aspect should be kept in mind while planning the project so that these works when executed in the town under town’s sewerage scheme match with the facilities built under river action plan.

4.3.2. Design Periods

Base Year – The year of expected commissioning of the project shall be taken as the base year for design of various components of the project. Design periods of various components may be adopted as under:

Table: Design Periods For Various Components of The Project S.N. Component Design Period

from base year Clarification

1 Land acquisition

30 Land will be required to add STPs. Accordingly, land should be acquired

2 Sewer system 30

3 SPS -- civil works

30 Cost of civil works is economical for full design period.

4 Pumps 15 Considering modular approach 5

STP 10

Construction may be done with a modular approach in a phased manner as the population grows.

6 Rising mains 30 In case of low velocities, dual rising mains to be examined

7 Effluent disposal

30 Provision of design capacities in the initial stages itself is economical.

8 LCS Requirement as of base year 9 Crematoria Requirement as per assessment 10 RFD Requirement as per assessment 11 MSW Requirement as per assessment

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4.3.3. Design population

Design population is to be worked out for each zone on a critical appraisal of the latest demographic data and projected population in the city master plan. New colonies that may come up in future should also be catered for. It should be ensured that the laws require the coloniser to provide conveyance and treatment of all wastes before discharge in to municipal drain/sewer. Due to paucity of financial resources, at present it is proposed to limit the conservation programme to towns having the census population of the year 2001 as 1 lac or more. However, in case of cultural, tourism or religious importance of a town having a lower population, it can be included if on certain occasions large floating population converges.

4.3.4. Sewers

Sewers shall be designed as per latest Manual on Sewerage and Sewage Treatment, issued by the Ministry of Urban Development, Govt. of India

4.3.5. Interception factor

Generally 80% of water supply is expected to reach sewers. However to have a correct assessment of the waste water reaching sewers, actual flow measurements of major drains be carried out for over a month. After knowing the contributory population of the drains and water supply rate, sewage interception factor shall be worked out.

4.3.6. Nala tapping works

Nala tapping works shall be constructed on the course of a nala, so as to intercept the dry weather flow flowing through the nala, and divert it into the nearby sewer.

4.4. Sewage Pumping Stations

4.4.1. Preference may be given to submersible pumps wherever feasible, they being cheaper and operation friendly.

4.4.2. Configuration of sewage pumps Where rising main is long Peak flow/2 pumps

Non peak flow pumps 3 nos. 2 nos.

Where rising main is short Peak flow/4 pumps 5 nos. 1 standby 4.5. Sewage Treatment Plants 4.5.1. Land for STPs

The provision of land for STPs including sewage pumping stations may be made as follows:

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S. No Process Land required(acre/mld)

1 Activated Sludge/ Trickling filter 0.5 2 Aerated lagoon 1.2 3 Stabilisation pond 2.5 4 Agro-forestery (Karnal Technology) 3.75 to 6.25 depending on

the nature of soil 5 U.A.S.B. 0.42

Land provision is to be made for the ultimate requirement in case of STPs, SPS and

SWM, but for the present requirement in case of crematoria, bathing ghats etc. Effluent Standards S. No.

Parameters For discharge on land For discharge into water

1 BOD(mg/l) <100 <30 2 SS(mg/l) <200 <50

desirable permissible desirable

permissible

3 Fecal coliform

1000 10000 1000 10000 4.6. Technology

Technology option should be based on the cost benefit analysis of various options to achieve the desired standards and the most economic one selected..

4.7. Low cost sanitation: There may be schemes of the Government of India and the State

Governments both for supporting Community Toilets and individual toilets. Those schemes should be integrated with the schemes of the town:

4.7.1. Community Toilets

4.7.1.1. Guidelines given as Annexure II may be followed in this regard.

4.8. Other non point sources of pollution

The components mentioned below should become a part of the integrated project of river cleaning.

4.8.1. River front development Bathing facilities in shape of pucca or kutcha ghats exist near the banks of rivers. Due to lack of maintenance or otherwise, some of these facilities have become defunct and need renovation. At some places, the existing facilities are very much inadequate and need to be supplemented. The riverbank may also need strengthening like bund renovation, new bund, stone pitching etc. In lakes there are places for rowing boats

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Provision of such renovation and new facilities shall be made in consultation with the state irrigation department and the district authorities. 4.8.2. Crematoria:

Improved Wood based crematoria have been provided in a large number of towns under Ganga Action Plan on the plans developed by NRCD. These may be adopted and may be modified as per local conditions, availability of land and some other problems in the use of such crematoria constructed earlier were encoumtered.

Electric crematoria have also been constructed at some places under Ganga Action Plan have faced the problem of power. These may, however, be provided in big towns, where the availability of power & trained staff for maintenance is ensured.

4.8.3. Storm water drains Storm water drains carry sullage and sewage also where sewerage facilitie s are inadequate or where due to unsatisfactory O&M of the system, broken sewer lines discharge into drains. Nala tapping works shall be constructed on the course of nalas, so as to intercept the dry weather flow flowing through them, divert it to the sewer and prevent it from entering into the river or lake.

4.8.4. Catchment Treatment And Afforestation: The data that needs to be collected is already given in Chapter III. A study of this data will suggest the works, which need to be under taken to prevent soil erosion, which finally flows in to the waterbody causing many problems. The types of works that may be required to be done include:

4.8.4.1.Vegetative or non structural works such as :

4.8.4.1.1. Silvipasture and agro-forestry 4.8.4.1.2. Pasture development, 4.8.4.1.3. Afforestation, 4.8.4.1.4. Horticulture 4.8.4.1.5. Crop improvement 4.8.4.1.6. Trenching, 4.8.4.1.7. Demonstration

4.8.4.2. Engineering or Structural Measures:

4.8.4.2.1. Loose boulder check dam 4.8.4.2.2. Gabion Check dam 4.8.4.2.3. Contour stone wall 4.8.4.2.4. Stabilisation of degraded area

4.8.4.3. Training and Evaluation

4.8.4.4. Institutional Strengthening

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4.8.4.5. Note: The above activities are required to be under taken in a watershed in a rural setting. Since we are dealing with the catchment area of a town, the catchment is likely to be in the process of urbanisation. The effort should be to take up works, which would check soil erosion from areas that are very prone to erosion. Vegetative works should be preferred. The adherence to the Master Plan in land use is important.

4.8.5. Solid Waste Management

The design and management of Municipal Solid Waste may be done in accordance with the guidelines given as Annexure III.

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CHAPTER V : OPERATION & MAINTENANCE 5.1. Operation and Maintenance in all its facets is the responsibility of the local body aided

and supported by State Government. 5.2. It is necessary to accurately assess the financial and other resources required for effective

and efficient O&M. The resources required and associated costs are :

5.2.1. Energy- Electricity and diesel to be used in standby Generating Set– to meet the contingency of electric failure.

5.2.2. Man power,

5.2.3. Consumables

5.2.4. Inventory of Spares

5.2.5. Tools and Plants

5.2.6. Preventive maintenance

5.2.7. Repairs of civil, electrical and mechanical works

5.3. Research and Development

5.3.1. Monitoring

5.3.2. Evaluation

5.3.3. Other problem solving

5.4. It has now been decided that the responsibility for the O&M of the assets will be borne

entirely by the local body with assistance from the State Government. A firm commitment will be given by the local body that it agrees to bear the entire cost of O&M. The State Government shall give an undertaking that it will ensure that the assets are properly operated and maintained and any short fall in resources will be met by them.

5.5. The feasibility of involving private sector in O&M should be considered. In some states

it has been found to be economical and effective. 5.6. A detailed plan for raising the resources for Operation & Maintenance shall become part

of the project proposal. 5.7. The operation and maintenance manual of the various plants, structures, labs, etc. should

be prepared. 5.8. In case it is decided to carry out O&M departmentally, staff required for O&M of

sewage pumping stations, STP etc. may be adopted as per Annex II.

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5.9. Timely availability of land for the facilities & assured uninterrupted power supply for the electrical equipment shall be ensured for the chosen alternative system in consultation with local bodies.

5.10. Revenue generation estimates from the sale/use of by-products of the STPs, garbage

utilization plants including recycling & resource recovery shall be a factor for prioritising the best alternative.

5.11. Resource Mobilisation For O&M

5.11.1. Resource Recovery,

5.11.1.1. Sale of treated sewage for use in irrigation and industry

5.11.1.2. Sale of sludge for agriculture

5.11.1.3. Composting of organic portion of MSW by vermiculture and other methods,

5.11.1.4. Generation of electricity in STPs.

5.11.1.5. water and sewage cess

5.11.1.6. fair assessment, levy and recovery of property tax

5.11.1.7. house connection charges

5.11.1.8. Fines on polluters

5.11.1.9. Taxes from pilgrim/tourist/floating population visiting the town

5.11.1.10. Undertaking plantation on municipal lands

5.11.1.11. Other sources of recovery

5.11.2. Government Contribution: If the funds raised from ‘resource recovery’ mentioned in

5.12.1 fall short of the funds required for O&M, the balance should be promised by the

State Government.

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CHAPTER VI : PUBLIC AWARENESS. & PUBLIC PARTICIPATION: 6.1. In the light of experience gained in the implementation of development programmes

since independence and particularly from the Ganga Action Plan, it is now recognised that programmes for conservation of water bodies and town improvement can succeed only if

6.1.1. the communities are aware that

6.1.1.1. there is need for conservation programme and that they will benefit

from it. 6.1.1.2. there are costs involved in such programmes and a part of the burden

will have to be borne by them,

6.1.2. The communities are effectively involved in all the stages of the project cycle from conceptualisation, to preparation, to finalisation, to implementation and finally O&M.

6.2. Hence Public Awareness & Public Participation should be a front-end activity of the

project unlike the present practice of it being the last priority. 6.3. The entire programme of conservation should be conceived, formulated, implemented,

monitored and evaluated in close consultation with the stake holding communities following the approach of ‘Participatory Appraisal’.

6.4. Issues involved in the conservation of the water body need to be identified and the

programme will need to focus on them. The objectives of the Awareness Plan will be determined by the issues identified.

6.5. Agency that will plan, implement and coordinate the Awareness Campaign should be

identified. With a view to focus on issues relating to protection and improvement and cleaning of rivers/lakes, a massive program of environment education and awareness is imperative. Centre and states may launch this campaign through a program of volunteers called NATIONAL GREEN VOLUNTEERS.

6.6. Detailed guidelines for Core and Non-core schemes are given as Annexure VI

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CHAPTER VII : HRD AND CAPACITY BUILDING 7.1 A project has to undergo through the following phases:

7.1.1 Project planning,

7.1.2 Project preparation

7.1.3 Project implementation,

7.1.4 Monitoring evaluation

7.2 It involves the following aspects

7.2.1 Scientific and technical

7.2.2 Social,

7.2.3 Financial & Economic,

7.2.4 Institutional

7.2.5 Administrative,

7.2.6 Legal

7.3 Successful project management will need the manpower with diverse skills, physical and financial resources to deal with all the aspects mentioned above in all the phases of the project.

7.4 Human Resources Development will deal with appropriate skill development in the

organisations involved in the planning, design and management of the project. The main activities are listed below :

7.4.1 Identify training needs

7.4.2 Identify institutes where education/training can be organised.

7.4.3 Well staffed and equipped Engineering Institutions, which have an interest in the subject, may be asked to develop training modules. They should be involved on a long-term basis so that they develop expertise in the various aspects of this programme. They should be involved in various aspects and activities of the programme.

7.4.4 The resources required in terms of training expenses on staff and officers for

HRD should be estimated sub-system wise and built in to the project cost of each sub-system or component.

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CHAPTER VIII : PROJECT MANAGEMENT & INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES 8.1. Selection of mode of implementation. Of the three alternative modes of

implementing the project in vogue, mentioned below, depending upon the circumstances prevailing, the mode should be selected. The DPR should mention why the specific mode has been chosen.

8.1.1. Departmental, 8.1.2. Project Management Agency 8.1.3. A combination of above

8.2. Institutional Issues:

8.2.1. In Conservation & Management there are a number of institutions dealing with activities including:

8.2.1.1. Policy, strategy and programme formulation and their implementation 8.2.1.2. Supply of services 8.2.1.3. Development, 8.2.1.4. Management, 8.2.1.5. Regulation and enforcement, 8.2.1.6. Coordination with national, state and local organisations.

8.2.2. Overlap in roles of a involved institutions:

8.2.2.1. The role of three bodies is very crucial. They are:

8.2.2.1.1. Municipality which is responsible for sanitation in the town,

8.2.2.1.2. City Development Authority which regulates the new colonies

8.2.2.1.3. State Pollution Control Board, which is responsible for

ensuring compliance by industry of the standards, prescribed under the Environmental Protection Act for effluent, solid waste and air emissions.

8.2.2.2. Many times there is an overlap in the roles of several bodies with the

result that the efficiency with which the function should be performed suffers.. The State Government needs to resolve such overlaps. The role of each institution involved needs to be very clearly specified.

8.2.2.3. The institutions that are involved in the conservation programme of the

town suffer from weaknesses. The DPR should identify such areas needing improvement

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CHAPTER IX : FINANCING 9.1. The National River Conservation Authority (NRCA) has decided that the Financing

pattern of schemes of the NRCD for the conservation of rivers and lakes will be as follows:–

9.1.1. Government of India (NRCD) to bear 70% of the project cost,

9.1.2. States and the local bodies to bear 30% of project cost of which Share of the public shall be a minimum of 10%.

9.1.3. O&M shall be a part of the project and the costs thereon shall be borne entirely

by the state and the local bodies for which additional resources have to be demonstrably raised and committed to O&M.

9.1.4. The Local Bodies may raise loans from Financial Institutions such as HUDCO to

contribute their share,

9.1.5. If for any reason such as delay, wrong design or estimation, omission of items, inflation etc., there is cost overrun in any project, the central share in the total cost will be limited to the ceiling amount approved by the CCEA. Balance, if any, is to be borne by the respective state government. It is, therefore, necessary to prepare the DPR accurately after proper investigation and survey and taking all factors into account that can influence the cost of the project.

9.2. The State Governments should make all efforts to obtain larger plan allocations for such

programmes. 9.3. The contribution of 10% from the beneficiaries and stakeholders can be raised in one or

more of the following forms.

9.3.1. additional development charges, water and sewage cess 9.3.2. fair assessment, levy and recovery of property tax 9.3.3. house connection charges 9.3.4. contribution from Development Funds of local MPs and MLAs 9.3.5. Fines on polluters 9.3.6. taxes from pilgrim/tourist/floating population visiting the town 9.3.7. Donation from industry, business associations, voluntary agencies such as Rotary

and Lion’s clubs and philanthropists. 9.3.8. Any other mode.

9.4. It will be seen that the Integrated Project will include cost elements, many of which will

not be financed by the NRCD. The NRCD will clarify which of the elements will be financed by it and which ones not financed by it.

9.5. The DPR should state how the finance would be raised for those items in the DPR that

will not be considered for financing by the NRCD.

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CHAPTER X : MONITORING & EVALUATION 10.1. The improvements in the water body and the environment of the town will have to be

monitored and evaluated after the implementation of the project. 10.2. The conservation Programme is expected to yield results, which should be quantified in

the DPR to the extent, it is feasible to do so. Other results will have to be qualitative. 10.3. Depending upon the items of works taken up, a programme of monitoring should be

developed and it should be assigned to a well-equipped laboratory in a University or the SPCB. The expenses on the monitoring should be estimated and should form a part of the funds required for O&M.

10.4. In some cases there are some vital areas on which information is lacking. Studies may

have to be sponsored which again would need funds. There should be a provision of funds for this activity also.

10.5. After the project has been fully implemented, it is necessary to evaluate the project.

Funds should be provided for this purpose also. 10.6. A provision of 3 to 5 % of the project cost may be made for this activity.

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CHAPTER XI : COST ESTIMATES AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF DPRS 11.1. COST ESTIMATES: 11.1.1. Based on survey and investigation, data collection and design criteria, detailed

estimates may be prepared, under the following subheads:

11.1.1.1. Land Acquisition

11.1.1.2. Interception & Diversion Including Internal Sewers

11.1.1.3. Sewage Treatment

11.1.1.4. Low cost sanitation

11.1.1.5. Crematoria

11.1.1.6. Abatement of Non Point Sources of Pollution

11.1.1.7. River Front Development Works

11.1.1.8. Watershed / Catchment Treatment and Plantation

11.1.1.9. Municipal Solid & Biomedical Waste management

11.1.1.10. Tools & Plants For The Maintenance of the Works

11.1.1.11. Operation & Maintenance

11.1.1.12. Monitoring & Evaluation

11.1.1.13. Any other identified scheme

11.1.1.14. Awareness and Public Participation

11.1.1.15. Human Resource Development

11.1.1.16. Institutional Development & Strengthening

11.2. DPRs-- General Requirements

11.2.1. Earlier Project Feasibility Reports were entertained along with proposals for works under the National River Conservation Plan. However, the experience has been that actual costs have been very different from those sanctioned on the basis of PFRs. It has now been decided that hence forth only DPRs will be entertained.

11.2.2. DPRs shall be a comprehensive document prepared in accordance with these

guidelines. They should contain all relevant information, collected and surveyed data, designs of system and components, justifying chosen system and scheme, components thereof and establishing that the cost shown is

NRCD-Report 30

optimal, specifications, drawings. They should be documents worked out to details to invite tenders.

11.2.3. If feasible, the spatial data collected should be put in GIS format.

11.2.4. There should be separate volumes for major items such as I&D, STPs, LCS etc. In case I&D scheme becomes too large, DPRs may be prepared zone wise. Intermediate pumping stations, if any shall form part of I&D scheme. The main pumping station, which is the last pumping station before STP, shall form part of STP scheme.

11.2.5. DPRs shall be prepared on computer. Along with hard copies, a copy of the

floppy/ disc shall be submitted to NRCD.

11.2.6. Salient features of the DPR should be given at the beginning of the DPR to have an idea of the DPR at a glance.

11.2.7. Schedule for submission, approval, implementation and completion shall be

detailed.

11.2.8. Scheme-wise quarterly fund requirements from the local body, State and Central Governments should also be given.

11.2.9. Bar charts /CPM / PERT networks based on realistic time schedule of

completion of different activities shall be enclosed with the DPRs, indicating the work breakdown structures, details and critical path for large schemes.

11.2.10. CPHEEO/ CPWD/ ISS/ Local PWD specifications, whichever applicable,

may be followed for construction of works.

11.2.11. Cost estimates to be based on current local schedule of rates for standard items of works & market rates for proprietary equipment.

11.2.12. Necessary escalation in costs due to inflation during project implementation

period shall be incorporated on a justified rationale.

11.2.13. Centage charges: A provision of 8 % would be allowed towards project preparation, contingency, supervision, etc. on base cost estimate. In the case of states where the centage on works is higher than 8%, the balance will be provided by the State Governments. These charges will not be applicable on the cost of land, taxes etc., if any

11.3. Check List:

The checklist given in Annexure VII contains important steps that should be taken in prescribing the DPR. It may be filled up and enclosed with the DPR.

11.4. Completion Reports:

It should be borne in mind that after the completion of the works, completion reports will have to be submitted in the formats given in Annexure VIII and IX.

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ANNEXURE I

RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED AT THE XTH MEETING OF THE NRCA - MARCH’2001 - PM IN CHAIR.

1. While river cleaning would need to be given a much higher priority, it is also essential that

resources are not spread thinly. The focus, therefore, has to be on large towns, which are gross polluters,

2. In case of works already completed, assets need to be maintained and also continuously

operated /utilised for which funds must be earmarked by the States. The states/ UTs must meet the O & M costs which on an average is around 5% of the capital cost.

3. A holistic and integrated approach shall be adopted by addressing not only river pollution

but also other components like internal sewerage, solid waste disposal, low cost toilets etc. 4. The cost of works shall be shared between the central and states/local bodies, public on 70:

30 basis. The public shall contribute not less than 10% of the cost. 5. A detailed plan for recovery/ operation maintenance cost shall become part of the project

proposal in future. 6. Because of delay in implementation, there is a cost overrun in many schemes. The central

share in the total cost will be limited to the ceiling amount approved by the CCEA. Balance, if any, is to be borne by the respective state government.

7. Approved works must be completed first and where states/ UTs have not been responsive

enough and such works have been pending for more than two years because of non-action by states, a committee of secretaries consisting of Secretary ministry of environment & Forests, secretary finance, secretary planning Commission and chief secretary of the concerned state shall review the necessity of such schemes.

8. National lake conservation Plan shall receive the same priority as the rivers. 9. Mobilisation of resources/funds will need special attention. Plan outlays would need to be

enhanced substantially so that gap between fund requirements and outlay is bridged. 10. Coastal towns would get special attention because it ahs been observed that sewage, solid

waste, bio-medical waste and the like are dumped into sea. Prioritisation of coastal towns for taking up such works may be done from the angle of mangroves, promotion of eco-tourism, cultural and religious importance of the place and the like.

11. With a view to focus on issues relating to protection and improvement and cleaning of

rivers/lakes, a massive program of environment education and awareness is imperative. Centre and states to launch this campaign through a programme of volunteers called “National Green Volunteers”.

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ANNEXURE II

GUIDELINES FOR PREPARATION OF SCHEMES OF LOW COST SANITATION (LCS)

1. Community Toilets

• In localities where all individual dwelling units do not have their own toilets, community

toilets should be constructed. 10,15 and 20 seated toilets may be provided depending upon the space and number of users.

• Separate toilet complexes for men and women may be considered. • Plinth area for these types of LCS units will be as under:

S.No. Type Maximum Plinth Area (sq. m.)

1 10 seated 80 2 15 seated 125 3 20 seated 150

The above areas are proposed keeping in view the facility available for cleanliness,

hygienic condition and environment and user friendly. 2. Sizes

For all types of LCS blocks, two urinals for gents, two bathrooms one each for ladies

and gents, one guardroom and one counter shall be provided.

The sizes may be adopted as under with a tolerance of 10% . S.No. Component Size (sq.m.)

1 Bath room 1.2 x 1.5 2 Guard room 3.0 x 3.0 3 Counter 3.0 x 1.2

3. WC Enclosure

Its size shall be 0.9 x 1.2 m (tolerance of 10%). Doorframes could be fabricated out of

pressed MS/ GI sheet or other cheaper material, which is locally available with size 0.75 x 1.8 m. Brass material shall not be used at any place.

Ordinary glazed tiles or mosaic may be provided upto 1 metre height from skirting. Floor

shall be of P.C.C. Shutter of the door shall be 1.5 feet less than the height of the frame. In the rear side, precast RCC jali may be used for proper ventilation.

4. Water Supply

WCs shall be pour flush type. Water tap may be provided in WC enclosure keeping in view the local requirement/ practice. The taps in WCs & Bathrooms shall be self-closing type of CI material. Overhead storage tank should be provided. The capacities of the OHT shall be as follows:

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S.No. Type Maximum Capacity 1 10 seater 4000 litres 2 15 seater 6000 litres 3 20 seater 8000 litres

5. Disposal System

The LCS units shall be provided with septic tank followed by soakpit. These units shall be properly designed. However, if the sewer line exists near such units, it should be directly connected to the sewer line.

If the sewer line is situated away from the LCS unit, a comparison between the cost of

sewer line and septic tank etc. should be carried out to adopt the least cost solution.

6. Bio Gas

At one or two locations, biogas generation package for 20 seater toilets shall be prepared and tried for revenue generation.

7. Norm for Usage Of Toilets

As the norm for usage of such toilets is 50 persons per seat, therefore, the number of

users for 10-seater complex shall be 500.

8. Siting of Toilet Complexes

The location of toilet complexes should be identified after proper investigation and survey & with the involvement of the beneficiaries, so that the availability of the number of users is ensured for full utilisation of the facility. 9. Operation and Maintenance

In order to keep the toilets in proper hygienic conditions, agencies for operation and maintenance, should be carefully identified for their sustainability. Revenue generation for operation and maintenance of the toilet complexes shall be an integral part of the scheme. 10. Individual toilets

The owners of Dwelling units not owning toilets should be encouraged to construct their own toilets. For the poor there may be state schemes of subsidy and loan. The poor should be helped to avail themselves of such schemes. Institutional finance may be arranged for the others. 11. Recommendatory nature of LCS Guide Lines:

These guidelines are recommendatory in nature. Actual designs may vary keeping in view local conditions.

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ANNEXURE III

GUIDELINES FOR PREPARATION OF SCHEMES OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT UNDER RIVER PLAN

A. EXISTING FACILITIES FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

The proposal should contain the following information / data for the analysis of existing facilities:

1. GARBAGE DATA:

Per Capita generation, quality (physical and analysis), zone wise quantity generated in respect of Municipal, Industrial/Hospital and Hazardous waste per day, present mode of dumping (burning/scientific method), problem in sewer/drain due to chokage etc. have to be elaborated.

2. HANDLING FACILITY:

Existing mode of collection, transportation and disposal of solid waste and effectiveness in terms of equipment, manpower etc. has to be elaborated. The location of collection and disposal sites has to be shown on map.

3. FUNDING:

Source of fund/assistance received by the Municipality for meeting the cost of personnel, fuels and other operation and maintenance cost being incurred may be indicated.

4. EFFICACY AND SUSTAINABILITY:

Whether the present system is efficacious, sustainable and cost effective may be elaborated.

5. RECYCLING AND WASTE MINIMISATION:

Does the existing system have provision of minimising waste at source, segregation of inert material, recycling, treatment, and scientific disposal & energy and revenue generation? If so, are their any plans notified by the Authority and steps taken thereof? This has to be elaborated.

6. HAZARDOUS AND TOXIC WASTE MANAGEMENT:

Existing arrangement for handling of Toxic and Hazardous/Hospital waste, if any, has also to be indicated. It may be also noted that wastes of these kinds have to be tackled by enforcing laws and Acts and would not form part of solid waste management scheme.

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B. PROPOSED SYSTEM: 1. Quantification:

Quantification of solid waste generation corresponding to design year has to be supported with present status in terms of per capita generation and other sources if anticipated any. The exercise has to be carried out zone wise.

2. Quality/Analysis of Wastes:

Composition of waste like plastic, street, rubble, construction waste, glass, metal, wood stone etc. and compostable material in terms of percentage has to be mentioned. Report of High Power Committee, Planning Commission, GOI may be referred for this. Analysis for obtaining calorific value of garbage has also to be done. This is essential for planning of utilisation of solid waste on mass scale.

3. Collection, Transportation and Disposal:

Justification for proposing various movable equipments, proposed number & capacity and carrying capacity per day for collection and transportation have to be described. Efforts have to be made to minimise such number of mechanical equipments for optimisation of recurring cost. For this, the existing facilities to handle the waste should be taken into account and only additional facilities necessary to be included in the proposal. Methods of disposal of various kinds of constituent materials of solid waste i.e., compostable and biodegradable materials, inert materials etc. have to be separately proposed and described.

4. Cost Economy and Planning:

While designing the management system, cost economy with regard to decentralised planning of disposal, minimisation of waste at source, economically viable method for collection, transportation and disposal have to the followed and justified in the report.

5. Scientific Disposal and Treatment:

The method of disposal/treatment of solid waste must be scientific and environment friendly. Proper design of landfill site has to be done to avoid any detrimental impact on the environment and locality. Leachate from solid waste has also to be treated if so warranted. Vermicasting, Composting, Palletisation etc.may be explored for treatment of waste.

6. Optimisation of Transportation Cost:

Minimal transportation cost has to be achieved by using transportation model for entire town. This will reduce the burden of vehicles required for transportation of Garbage. Model followed by Ahmadabad municipality may be studied and if found feasible, may be replicated.

NRCD-Report 36

7. Resource Recovery:

Provision may be made for resource recovery by ways of recycling, energy generation, sale of manure and reclaiming the dumping site. A note on this delineating feasibility, planning and marketing strategy has to be inserted in the DPR.

8. Budget for Operation and Maintenance:

In view of the fact that the management system has to be made dynamic with constant financial support from the State Govt., estimated annual recurring expenditure on personnel, fuel, repair and maintenance cost etc. and source of funding, annual budget provision etc. for at least five years from the commissioning of the scheme have to be worked out. Income generation plan if any proposed by the authority may also be indicated together with its viability. Creating facility should not become liability for the municipality at later date due to paucity of fund. Therefore this aspect is mandatory and integral part of the scheme.

9. Privatization:

In order to have efficient management system, the entire system or a part of it may be entrusted upon private parties. This could be done keeping in view the services of the existing staff. A report on this has to be submitted after proper study. Attempts should at least be made to privatise transportation of waste to the extent possible.

10. Assistance from State Govt.

Whether the concerned municipality or local Body has referred the problem or inadequacy of solid waste handling to the Deptt. Of Urban development of the state govt. at any point of time seeking financial and technical assistance and the outcome thereof.

11. Land Cost

Provision for cost of land for filling purposes may be included in the estimate.

JUSTIFICATION OF SCHEME UNDER RIVER CONSTRUCTION PLAN AND OVER ALL PLAN:

The state Government/ implementing agency has to furnish an over all plan of management of solid waste of the entire town/city. Funds will be considered for relevant portion of the scheme related to pollution abatement of river only.

Establish link of pollution of river with proposed solid waste management scheme and give justific ation for its inclusion as pollution abatement scheme. It has also to be indicated that how much of the total scheme is relevant for taking up under River conservation plan. The rest will eventually be the responsibility of the state Government/local authority.

NRCD-Report 37

ANNEXURE IV

GUIDE LINES FOR PLANTATION UNDER NATIONAL RIVER ACTION PLAN

1. Objectives

1.1. To improve the aesthetics of the project area 1.2. To check riverbank erosion. 1.3. In the case of lakes to check erosion of the catchment and inflow of sediment in to

the lake

2. Where to plant?

2.1. Campuses of STPs, Pumping Stations, Lifting Stations, along Effluent Channels, Pathways and areas around Crematoria, areas around Bathing Ghats and Low Cost Sanitation Facilities etc.

2.2. River banks under the project area. 2.3. In the care of lakes erosion prone areas in the catchment 2.4. A map of the areas proposed to be taken up under the project will form a part of the

project document

3. What Species to be planted?

3.1. These are essentially to be avenue / aesthetic plantations and hence suitable local flowering tree species in consultation with local people and with active participation of NGOs who are working in that area may be selected.

3.2. In case of plantations around STPs, Pumping Stations and along Effluent Channels,

tall plants having dense foliage shall be planted.

4. Implementing agency

4.1. In the States, to take up plantation is the responsibility of the State Forest Departments. As they are expected to have the requisite expertise and infrastructure, they may be given the first preference to take up works under these guidelines.

4.2. If the State Forest Departments on account of their prior commitments is not in a

position to implement these works or the concerned State Governments take decisions otherwise, these works can be assigned to alternative agencies.

5. Financial Norms For Plantation

5.1. Estimates to include provisions for maintenance for a period of 3 years including the planting year.

NRCD-Report 38

5.2. No barbed wire fencing or expensive tree guards will be permissible unless proper justification is given. Low cost vegetative fencing should be encouraged.

5.3. Employment of watchmen for the purposes of protection will not be allowed.

5.4. Appropriate mechanism must be evolved for maintenance and protection of the

plantations taken up under these guidelines by resorting to the concepts of social fencing with the involvement of NGOs, Paryavaran Vahinis, Eco-clubs, Forest Protection Committees, Panchayati Raj Institutions etc. This mechanism must be indicated in the DPR.

6. Records to be maintained

The implementing agency will be required to meticulously maintain requisite documents like plantation registers including treatment map, measurement books, accounts etc. It will also diligently maintain every six months, the survival percentage of the plantations.

7. Evaluation

Works taken up will be monitored / evaluated by experts to be selected from the panel maintained for the purpose in the Ministry. Visit of these evaluators will take place once every year (November-January) to each project and assessment of work will basically be done with reference to the calendar of operations submitted along with the project proposal.

NRCD-Report 39

ANNEXURE V Norms for Staff & Staff Quarters Required on Sewage Pumping Stations & STPs

1. Sewage Pumping Stations

Staff Required Installed Capacity

150-300 HP

Installed Capacity

300-500 HP

Installed Capacity >500 HP

J.E. ½ 1 1 Pump Mechanics 1 1 ½ 1 ½ Electricians 1 1 1 Pump Operators 1x3 1x3 1x3 Beldars 1x2 1x3 2x3 Sweepers 1x1 1x1 1x1 Staff Quarters Required for Operating Staff

Pump Operators Type B 1

Type B 1 Type B 1

Beldars Type A 1

Type A 1 Type A 2

Pump Mechanics Type B 1 Electricians Type B 1 Total 2 2 5 2. Sewage Treatment Plants(ASP/ Biofiltration) Staff Types

of staff Qts.

10 mld 40 mld 80 mld 120 mld

Quarters Required

Beldars A 4 4 6 8 Operators B 2 4 4 6 Electrician class 1 B 1 1 1 1 Pump mechanic/Fitters class1

C - 1 1 1

J.E. C - 1 1 1 A.E. D - - 1 1 Operators(Power Plant)

B - 2 2 2

Sub-total 7 11+2 14+2 18+2 Oxidation Pond Beldars A 2 2 Aerated Lagoons Beldars A 2 2 Operators B 2 2 UASB Treatment Plants

Operators 1+1 1+1 1+1 1+1 1+1

NRCD-Report 40

Staff Types of staff Qts.

10 mld 40 mld 80 mld 120 mld

Sweepers 1 1 1 1 1 Watchmen/Gatemen 1 1 1 1 1 Electrician cum Mechanic

1 1 1 1 1

Chemists*** 1 1 1 1 1 J.E.** 1 1 1 1 1 A.E.(Civil) - - 1 1 1 EE(Civil) - - - - - Note: * Operators’ quarter for Power Package ** One J.E. would look after more UASB Plants in a town

*** One Chemist would look after more UASB Plants in a town with a single laboratory. Covered Areas for Different Categories of Residential Accommodation (Area as per CPWD norms) Personnel Type Plinth Area Sweepers,Watchmen A 34.20 sq.m. Operators, Electricians & Chemists

B 45.60 sq.m.

J.Es. C 62.70 sq.m. A.Es. D 86.00 sq.m. Guide Lines For Staff Quarters 1. No staff quarters are necessary for the IPS and MPS, if the installed capacity is less than 150

HP. 2. The staffing pattern for STP has been taken as per the guidelines of the Expert Committee

set up by NRCD for the above purpose. ? 3. Number and type of quarters for different capacities and type of treatment plants have been

worked out taking into consideration the operating staff in shifts. Quarters have also been proposed for minimum maintenance staff in large pumping stations and STPs.

4. Only a few supervisory staff at large STPs are to be considered for staff quarters at the site of treatment plant.

5. The pay scales and type of accommodation are based as per norms laid down by the Ministry of Urban Development.

6. If the land is not available at the site of MPS for construction of staff quarters, these quarters can be constructed at the site of treatment plant.

7. Staff quarters are not to be treated as rent-free. 8. 20% of the operating staff in shifts is to be provided quarters in the vicinity of STP. 9. States can adopt their own eligibility norms for different categories of staff, provided the

variations are not too large.

NRCD-Report 41

REQUIPMENT OF PERSONNEL FOR STPs Designat ion Activated sludge

process/UASB High Rate Filtration Oxidation Ditch Oxidation Pond Aerated Lagoon

Ex.Er. (Project Manager)

- - 1 1 - - 1 1 - - 1 1 - - - - - - - -

AE(E&M)Asstt. Manager 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 AE(Civil)Asstt. Manager - - - 1 - - - 1 - - - 1 - - - - - - - 1 JE(E&M) Junior Manager 4 4 6 6 4 4 6 6 4 4 6 6 - - - - 4 4 4 4 JE(Civil) Junior Manager - - 1 2 - - 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 Fitter(Mech)Ist Class 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 - - - - - - 1 1 Electn, Ist Class 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 - - - - 1 1 2 2 Fitter, 2nd class - - 1 1 - - 1 1 - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Electn, 2nd class 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 Gardener 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 Driver - - 1 1 - - 1 1 - - 1 1 - - - - - - 1 1 Cleaner - - 1 1 - - 1 1 - - 1 1 - - - - - - 1 1 Jr. Accountant 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 UDC, Senior Asstt. 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 LDC/Typist Junior Asstt. 1 1 2 3 1 1 2 3 1 1 2 3 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 Peon 1 1 2 3 1 1 2 3 1 1 2 3 - - 1 1 1 1 1 2 Jr. Steno - - 1 1 - - 1 1 - - 1 1 - - - - - - - - Chemist - - 1 1 - - 1 1 - - 1 1 - - - - - - - - Asst. Chemist - - 1 1 - - 1 1 - - 1 1 - - - - - - 1 1 Lab Asstt. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Lab Attendant. 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Sweeper 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 Welder cum Blacksmith - - 1 1 - - 1 1 - - 1 1 - - - - - - - - Operators 12 16 19 19 12 16 19 19 8 8 12 12 - - 1 1 4 4 4 4 Labour (Beldars) 28 44 54 73 28 44 53 72 21 28 48 52 11 20 36 50 10 14 27 34 Total Cost of Staff

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ANNEXURE VI

GUIDELINES FOR PUBLIC AWARENESS AND PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN NATIONAL RIVER ACTION PLAN SCHEMES OF THE MINISTRY OF

ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS 1. INTRODUCTION:

It appears to be a turning point in the philosophy and programmes of NRCD to think loudly in terms of the importance and need of community awareness and community action for ensuring the desired success to the non-care and schemes of National River Conservation Programme through peoples participation. Unfortunately, even after a huge expenditure of thousands of millions of rupees, the out come of most of the activities undertaken to implement the ambitious projects like Ganga and Yamuna Action Plans and now National River Conservation Programme has been far below the expectation of the nation. There may be different opinions of the casual factors responsible for such alarming situation. The fact however, remains that much of the disappointing experience or poor performance of the projects like these can be attributed to the fact that from the very beginning there has not been any sincere or systematic effort to involve community at any stage of the execution of the programme. The obvious result is that the general public for whom the whole exercise was planned so ambitiously always remained to be an indifferent on-looker. At times, the target beneficiaries contributed to the problem of river pollution because of number of ‘human factors’. Although, they did not do it deliberately, yet the fact remains that it was done because of the lack of proper awareness about the casual factors of river pollution and also the dangers of the hazards of polluted river water, which is gradually turning into a slow poison. Hardly any meaningful effort has even been made to motivate the process to contribute their share to the efforts of keeping rivers of pollution. For example, number of hardware provisions were made to check the '‘human casual factors'’of river pollution but there was rarely any systematic effort to educate the masses on the recommended practices for he proper use and maintenance of such facilities of toilet complexes, bathing ghats, crematoria, river bank structures, sewage systems, etc. It is shocking to note that not even ten percent of the total budgetary provision of NRCP has ever been made on software aspects. The outcome has been the same as could be expected under such conditions. It is heartening to note that NRCD has now realised the importance of community awareness/peoples participation in general and software components of the programme in particular. It may be pertinent to point out that the working of NRCP cannot be improved unless atleast twenty five percent of budget provision is made for software programme. Some of the measures, which may be suggested to create meaningful community awareness and ensure fruitful participation of the masses for the success of National Action Plan, are detailed below:

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2. GUIDELINES FOR NON-CORE SCHEMES VIZ LOW-COST TOILETS

ELECTRIC/WOOD BASED CREMATORIA, BATHING GHATS, PLANTATION ACTIVITIES, SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, ETC.

2.1. Target Groups

2.1.1. Local influential/Community leaders, 2.1.2. Local NGOs,

2.1.3. School teachers and students,

2.1.4. Elite groups and organisations like Rotary Club, Lions club, Associations and

forums of writers and artists, etc.,

2.1.5. Religious leaders and priests,

2.1.6. Representatives of Industry and Commerce,

2.1.7. Leaders of trade unions and organisations like safai karamchari sanghs,

2.1.8. Leaders of teachers and students associations,

2.1.9. Representatives of political parties including the elected office bearers and members of local bodies,

2.1.10. Members of legislative assemblies, legislative councils and parliament

representative the legal constituencies, 2.1.11. Representatives of media viz. Editors/correspondents of local press and key

functionaries of local radio and TV stations, 2.1.12. Grassroot level functionaries of Municipalities and state government departments

like public health, forestry, Jal Nigam, PWD, etc.,

2.2.Action Points for Community Awareness

2.2.1. Holding of locality wise meetings and group discussions with local influentials, whereby the extent of river pollution, the related physical and humane factors, the consequent health hazards and the possible remedial measures are highlighted through the talks and technical presentations by the experts and social workers (Action: Identified NGO of reputation).

2.2.2. Motivating local influentials to play a leading role in promoting environmental

sanitation and community health, particularly prevention of river pollution (Action: Identified NGO on reputation).

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2.2.3. Motivating and advising local NGOs to participate in outlining execution and follow up efforts of community action plans for ensuring a clean and healthy community life in general and protection of river water quality in particular (Action: Identified NGO of reputation).

2.2.4. Promoting schools as models of clean living and healthy environments and

training school teachers and students as motivators and informal change agents for involving families and communities in clean river programmes in general and maintenance of toilets/bathing ghats/crematoria in particular (Action: Identified NGO with excellent track record of having rendered specialised services in the area).

2.2.5. Motivating school management programmes/events administrative and teaching

faculty to organise special for checking river pollution and plantation of trees on the river banks (Action: Identified NGO and the functionaries of the Department of Forestry).

2.2.6. Motivate the local influentials i.e. leading businessmen, industrialists, office

bearers of elite clubs like Rotary, Lions, Junior chamber of Commerce, local chapters of FICC/CII, to undertake or sponsor such activities as solid and liquid waste management services through an effective strategy of public-private partnership for improving sanitation conditions of the towns located at river banks and also for joint efforts for controlling river pollution from industrial effluents. They can be fruitfully motivated to sponsor the plantations on river banks and adopting a certain planted area for protection and preservation (Action: NGO of reputation and duly motivated group of local influentials).

2.2.7. Awaken, educate, organise and motivate religious leaders and priests to

participate actively in river pollution control through such efforts as educating the masses, checking the dumping of temple waste on the river bank and throwing of half burnt or unburnt dead bodies into the river (Action: NGO of reputation).

2.2.8. Motivate the office bearers of trade unions and other professional organisations

like the teachers and students associations to win public support for their cause by rendering some fruitful service to the society. While doing so they may give highest priority to community health promotional measures like river pollution control and conservation of the quality of river water (Action: NGO of reputation).

2.2.9. Motivate local MLAs and MPs and leaders or political parties to participate

actively in the promotional efforts of community involvement for protecting river against the hazards of pollution- an effort, which shall pay them abundantly through the building of positive public opinions. They should also be motivated to form local level all party organisations/ forums to promote the measures of river pollution control. In addition, they should be motivated to take keen interest in the proper utilisation of the funds provided for river pollution. In addition, they should be persuaded to play effective liaison between the government and the people to ensure the timely completion of different programmes and activities undertaken by the Directorate of National River Conservation Programme

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(Action: NGO having a sound background of linkages with the legislative and political leaders).

2.2.10. Motivate leading persons representing local press and electronic media. Infact, they need to be properly educated and encouraged to be conscious of their social commitment and social obligations. They should also be convinced that socially conscious media shall always be aptly recognised and enormously rewarded through the creation of a sound base of enlightened clientele group which in the long run will help them through the image building process. Accordingly, the editors and correspondents of local press, the officers and key functionaries of radio and TV may be personally contacted and convinced to give maximum coverage to the aspect of river pollution control measures through the active involvement of the people (Action: NGOs of repute having a sound organisation infrastructure of public relations unit).

2.2.11. Awaken, educate and encourage the grassroot level functionaries belonging to

such departments of state govt. as local bodies like, public health, sewerage forestry, water supply, public works, electricity, industry, tourism etc. to take special interest in the activities which are directly related to the aspect of river pollution control. They should be particularly motivated to be more conscious of their commitment and obligation to ensure the purity of river water so that the future of the present and coming generations of the society and so also the members of their own community is safe-guarded against the health hazards. (Action: NGO having the background of specialised contribution to the area concerned.)

2.3.FOR CORE SCHEMES VIZ SEWERAGE NETWORK, SEWAGE TREATEMENT PLANTS, PUMPS, ETC.

2.3.1. Target Groups :

2.3.1.1. Community at large, 2.3.1.2. Business and industrial establishments.

2.3.1.3. Local municipality corporation,

2.3.1.4. Grass-root level organisations like panchyats,

2.3.1.5. Charitable trusts and religious organisation,

2.3.1.6. NGOs,

2.3.1.7. Educational, Research and Technical Institutions,

2.3.1.8. Local MLAs/MPs and representatives of political parties,

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2.3.1.9. Grass-root functionaries of civic bodies and concerned departments of the state government,

2.3.1.10. Media agencies and individuals etc.,

2.3.2. Action Points

2.3.2.1. As nalas are the major casual factors of river pollution because of factors

such as lack of adequate sewerage network, implanned growth of cities, slum settlements, non-existence of civic sense etc., there is a need to:

2.3.2.2. Estimate awareness deficits and fill them up through awareness

campaigns, 2.3.2.3. Facilitate settling up of wardwise sanitation committees as ‘sanitation

watch and ward societies’/action groups, 2.3.2.4. Launch a mass campaign for educating and motivating local community

and families about the need to have, on site sanitation facility like community toilet complexes at the public places and household toilets at the family level,

2.3.2.5. Ensure the active participation of the business and industrial

establishments of the area through their contribution to the area of liquid and waste management, including the steps to check the industrial waste effluents being allowed to mix with river water, (Action: Reputed NGO having a sound background of expertise and experience).

2.3.2.6. Facilitate promotion of urban farming and social forestry by persuading

the local business and industrial establishments to undertake or sponsor these activities. These efforts should be supported by technological innovations and intervention for the fruitful adoption of the use of sewage water in urban farming and social forestry so as to have the double advantage of maximizing the yield of farm and forestry produce and also to check the rivers pollution form sewage water, NRCD should sponsor pilot projects for promoting forestry on community waste land lying unused in the vicinity of river banks. The success models developed through such projects will attract private entrepreneurs to take up this activity as an income generating pre-position. (Action: Specialised NGOs, NRCD and City Corporations).

2.3.2.7. Facilitate and motivate the community to cooperate and segregate the

waste at source. This being highly specialised job has to be entrusted to a known NGO having a good track record of contribution to this area. The NGO has to share information on available technologies for recycling of waste with the local traders/manufactures associations educating and convincing them of the economic viability. For this, the success models have to be identified for fruitful replication. Such efforts need to be specially supported by NRCD through adequate funding. (Action: Known NGO, NRCD, and Industrial/business houses).

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2.3.2.8. With a view to chock the regular flow of industrial effluents waste in to

the river generally through the nalas, there is need to create community pressure on the pollutant units, as well a civic authorities to play their positive role. There is however, need to support those efforts by organising experience/information sharing professional meets on the available technologies of industrial effluents/waste management. While adopting this line of action, it has to be well understood that the basic principle of waste management is to add ‘value to the waste’ and this principle is applicable at all levels, be it be individual household or big industrial houses. The success model of recycling of hotel waste (Banglore) needs to be widely replicated. Similar success models working in the areas of civic sanitation and hospital waste management need to be properly identified and promoted for wider replication (Action: Eminent, expert and experienced NGO).

2.3.2.9. Core schemes have to be re-organised in order to ensure people’s

participation in making the available facilities and services really meaningful. This has to be done through the provision and placement of community awareness and action at a higher order of priority. Unfortunately, so far there has not been any serious move from the side of government. Consequently, the masses in general, continue to regard these programmes as routine activities of the government with which they are hardly concerned.

2.3.2.10. It has to be well understood that even the core scheme activities, which

are mostly of hardware type, need software support to involve community sincerely and systematically. The fact remains that the people shall remain indifferent and apathetic towards the effective functioning of these services so long their participation in carrying on these public assets is not ensured in words and spirit.

2.3.2.11. Also, it has to be realised that there has to be a proper strategy and

support system for a meaningful involvement of the community. This can only be done by highly specialised agency which has to be assigned the software aspect of awakening, educating and motivating people to consider every asset or facility created under core schemes as their own and hence to offer their voluntary support and involvement for the success of the programme. (Action: NRCD-NGO partnership to achieve the desired goal).