+NOWLEDGEAND3KILLSFOR,IFE · ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT Pursuant to...

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Transcript of +NOWLEDGEAND3KILLSFOR,IFE · ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT Pursuant to...

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ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT

Pursuant to Article 1 of the Convention signed in Paris on 14th December 1960, and which came intoforce on 30th September 1961, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)shall promote policies designed:

– to achieve the highest sustainable economic growth and employment and a rising standard ofliving in Member countries, while maintaining financial stability, and thus to contribute to thedevelopment of the world economy;

– to contribute to sound economic expansion in Member as well as non-member countries in theprocess of economic development; and

– to contribute to the expansion of world trade on a multilateral, non-discriminatory basis inaccordance with international obligations.

The original Member countries of the OECD are Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France,Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain,Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The following countriesbecame Members subsequently through accession at the dates indicated hereafter: Japan(28th April 1964), Finland (28th January 1969), Australia (7th June 1971), New Zealand (29th May 1973),Mexico (18th May 1994), the Czech Republic (21st December 1995), Hungary (7th May 1996), Poland(22nd November 1996), Korea (12th December 1996) and the Slovak Republic (14th December 2000). TheCommission of the European Communities takes part in the work of the OECD (Article 13 of the OECDConvention).

Publié en français sous le titre :

CONNAISSSANCES ET COMPÉTENCES : DES ATOUTS POUR LA VIE

PREMIERS RÉSULTATS DE PISA 2000

© OECD 2001Permission to reproduce a portion of this work for non-commercial purposes or classroom use should be obtainedthrough the Centre français d’exploitation du droit de copie (CFC), 20, rue des Grands-Augustins, 75006 Paris,France, tel. (33-1) 44 07 47 70, fax (33-1) 46 34 67 19, for every country except the United States. In the United Statespermission should be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center, Customer Service, (508)750-8400,222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA, or CCC Online: www.copyright.com . All other applications forpermission to reproduce or translate all or part of this book should be made to OECD Publications, 2, rue André-Pascal,75775 Paris Cedex 16, France.

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CHAPTER 3 What PISA shows that 15-year-olds can do: a profile of student performance in mathematical and scientific literacy

96

Estimates for n(i) are based on the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) (OECD, 1997).

12. The correlation for the overall relationship is 0.42. Taken separately, the correlation is 0.44 for the combined reading lit-eracy scale, 0.47 for the mathematical literacy scale and 0.29 for the scientific literacy scale.

CE = ∑ n(i)* E(i)2

i=0

11. Cumulative expenditure for a given country is approximated as follows: let n(0), n(1) and n(2) be the typical number of years spent by a student from the beginning of primary education up to the age of 15 years in primary, lower secondary and upper secondary education. Let E(0), E(1) and E(2) be the annual expenditure per student in U.S dollars converted using purchasing power parities in primary, lower secondary and upper secondary education, respectively. The cumulative expenditure is then calculated by multiplying current annual expenditure E by the typical duration of study n for each level of education i using the following formula:

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6

Chapter

FAMILY BACKGROUND ANDSTUDENT PERFORMANCE

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8

Chapter

WHAT MAKES A DIFFERENCE TO PISA RESULTS:

SOME INDICATIONS FOR POLICY

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A

ANNEX

Annex A1: Construction of indices and other derived measures from the student and school con-text questionnaires

Annex A2: Explained variation in student performance

Annex A3: The PISA target population and the PISA samples

Annex A4: Standard errors, significance tests and mul-tiple comparisons

Annex A5: Quality assurance

Annex A6: Development of the PISA assessment instruments

Annex A7: Reliability of the marking of open-ended items

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

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