November 2006 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS 165 - 1 · November 2006 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS 165 -...

November 2006 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS 165 - 1

November 2006

CLASS 165, HEAT EXCHANGE

SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

This class includes apparatus or process not providedfor in other classes for transferring heat, or apparatus orprocess not provided for in other classes relating to anauxiliary device particularly adapted to be used withsuch heat transfer apparatus.

(1) Note. A patent including a claim havingnominal recitation of structure external tothis class in combination with significantlyclaimed heat transfer apparatus of this classis included in this class. A patent includinga claim having significant recitation ofstructure external to this class is excludedfrom this class unless specifically providedfor in this class. See Subclass Referencesto the Current Class, below, for a subclassreference for a combination of a vehiclestructure and significantly claimed heattransfer apparatus, and for a combination ofa building structure and significantlyclaimed heat transfer apparatus.

(2) Note. Method of repairing, making, orassembling a heat exchanger is not pro-vided in this class but is classified in anappropriate manufacturing class.

(3) Note. Any process claim appropriate forthis class are classified in the subclass pro-viding for structure used in the process.

SECTION II - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THECURRENT CLASS

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:3, for heating and cooling including addition or

removal of water vapor from air. 41+, for a combination of a vehicle structure and

significantly claimed heat transfer apparatus.47+, for a combination of a building structure and

significantly claimed heat transfer apparatus.58, and 200, see note for the line between Classes

62 and 165.58+, for a heating and cooling system with an ancil-

lary separator.200, see “note” for the line between Class 165 and

related art.

SECTION III - REFERENCES TO OTHERCLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids,

appropriate subclasses. See Lines With OtherClasses and Within This Class in the class defi-nition of Class 34 for the line.

62, Refrigeration, appropriate subclasses, for pro-cesses limited to refrigeration and apparatushaving features specialized to refrigeration. Ingeneral if the heat exchanging means is suchthat it is adapted for interchangeably or con-vertibly heating or cooling it is not specializedto refrigeration. For example, features such asice supports, material phase changing means(refrigeration producers), atmospheric conden-sate handling or an article handler with meanspeculiar to refrigerating the article would beconsidered specialized to refrigeration. As tostructure adapted to both heat and cool, seeSubclass References to the Current Class inthis class (165). See Subclass References tothe Current Class for a subclass reference to thethe line between Classes 62 and 165.

65, Glass Manufacturing, subclasses 512+ for spe-cialized cooling of newly formed glass fibersor filaments; subclasses 509+ for specializedheating of newly formed glass fibers or fila-ments; subclasses 348+ for means specializedto the cooling of manufactured glass products;subclasses 484+ for means specialized toexchange heat in a fiber or filament formingoperation and appropriate subclasses for pro-cesses or means specialized to the applicationof or removal of heat in glass manufacturing.

95, Gas Separation: Processes, for processes ofgas separation including heat exchange. Coldwall-hot wall thermal diffusion processes willbe found in Class 95, subclass 289. Class 165will take processes where only indirect heatexchange is involved, whether or not gas sepa-ration is said to occur. See Subclass Refer-ences to the Current Class in this class (165)for a subclass reference for heating and coolingincluding addition or removal of water vaporfrom air.

96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, for apparatus forgas separation including a heat exchanger.Cold wall-hot wall thermal diffusion apparatuswill be found in Class 96, subclass 221. Class165 will take apparatus where only indirectheat exchange is involved, whether or not gasseparation is said to occur. See Subclass Refer-

165 - 2 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS November 2006

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ences to the Current Class in this class (165)for a heating and cooling system with an ancil-lary separator.

99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, appropriatesubclasses for food treating apparatus havingheating or cooling means combined with addi-tional apparatus specialized to food.

100, Presses, subclasses 92+ for presses means toheat, cool or dry the material.

122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, subclasses 32+for an indirectly heated closed liquid containerwith an internal vapor separator, and appropri-ate subclasses for a closed liquid heating vesselwith a heat generator and for an accessory orelement that of necessity must form a part ofthe liquid heating combination.

126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 33 for a stovewith a steam table; subclasses 204+ for a bodywarmer: subclasses 226+ for a tool heater;subclass 247 for a frictional heater; subclasses263.01+ for a chemical reaction type heater;subclasses 561+, 569+ and 714 for a solarheater; subclass 343.5 for a melting furnace;and appropriate subclasses, for open liquidheating structures not equally adapted for cool-ing, for heating stoves, for means for the appli-cation of heat for house warming and cookingpurposes, and for specialized accessories andelements of such means.

137, Fluid Handling, subclasses 334+ particularlysubclass 340 for fluid handling apparatus com-bined with means to heat or cool a part of thesystem or its contents by a heat exchange.

138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, subclasses 37+for general utility pipe having flow regulatoror baffle.

159, Concentrating Evaporators, appropriate sub-classes, for means for the generation and trans-fer of heat of the specific purpose ofconcentration by evaporation.

196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclasses 104+ fora still designed for mineral oil distillation andsubclasses 138+ for condensing peculiarlyadapted and limited to the mineral oil art.

202, Distillation: Apparatus, subclasses 163+ and232+ for apparatus for volatilizing a substancefor the purpose of recovering material from thevapor by condensation or absorption.

203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory, subclasses41 and 42, for a process of volatilizing a sub-stance and recovering material from the vaporby some type of sorption.

210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclasses175+, 612+, 664, 737, 742, 766, and 774 forprocesses and apparatus of that class with heator heat exchange.

219, Electric Heating, appropriate subclasses for anelectric heater or an electrically heated tool.

221, Article Dispensing, subclass 150 for subjectmatter of that class with cooling or heating.

222, Dispensing, subclass 146 for dispensers withheating or cooling means.

236, Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regula-tion, subclass 44 for automatic humidity con-trolling mechanism; subclass 46 for tempera-ture or a humidity controlling mechanismincluding a timing means; and appropriate sub-classes for a temperature or humidity controlmechanism for a control of general utility. Theline between Class 165 and 236 is: Class 165takes: (a) Nominal recitation of a means forheating and cooling, and a means for automat-ically controlling the means for heating andcooling. (b) Specific heat exchanger struc-ture in combination with a means for auto-matically controlling a heat exchanger. (c)Specific heat exchange structure in combina-tion with a means for automatically control-ling a heating and a cooling means. Class 236takes: A patent with nominal recitation of aheat exchanger in combination with a meansfor automatically controlling a heating or cool-ing means.

237, Heating Systems, subclasses 70+ for a heat dis-tributing means peculiarly adapted for heating,and appropriate subclasses for (1) a heat pro-ducer combined with means for distributing afluid heated thereby and (2) apparatus includ-ing systems for heating a room, chamber,house or other inclosing structure when suchapparatus is not equally adapted for cooling.See Subclass References to the Current Classfor a subclass reference to the line betweenClasses 237 and 165.

239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, subclasses 13 and 128+ for processes andapparatus of that class with heating or cooling.

241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, subclasses 23 and 65+ for processes and appa-ratus of that class with heating or cooling.

252, Compositions, particularly subclasses 67+ and71+. Patents are placed in Class 252 (1) claim-ing admixtures of ingredients, or claims to anold compound limited to use as a heatexchange agent, (2) processes of heat exchangecomprising known heat exchange steps broadly


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recited and distinguished solely by the compo-sition or compound used, and (3) apparatuswith the composition or compound therein,where characteristics of apparatus structure arenot claimed. The preceding are placed in Class252 even though freezing or boiling points ortemperatures of use are specified.

261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, appropri-ate subclasses for apparatus specially adaptedto produce an intimate contact between gasesand liquids to exchange properties or mutuallymodify conditions; particularly, subclasses127+ for a gas liquid contact device with animmediately associated means for externallysupplying heat to or removing it from a contactfluid before, after or during contact to perfectthe contact operation; and subclasses 158+ fora contact device in which heat is interchangedbetween contact fluids out of contact before,after or during contact.

291, Track Sanders, subclasses 19+ for subject mat-ter of that class with a heater.

312, Supports: Cabinet Structure, subclass 236 forthe combination of a cabinet and a heater orheat exchanger, having no feature relating tothe promotion or control of the flow of thefluid in the cabinet relative to the heatexchanger.

366, Agitating, appropriate subclasses for agitatingprocess or apparatus of general utility; sub-classes 144+ for an agitator in combinationwith a heating or cooling means. The linebetween Classes 165 and 366 on combinedagitator and heat exchanger is:

(a) Class 165 takes: (a) All patents withsignificant heat exchange structure incombination with nominal structural rec-itation of an agitator. (b) All patents witha heat exchanger having an agitatorwhich operates on a working fluid (e.g.,a coolant or heating fluid), whether or notthe agitator structure is broadly or signifi-cantly claimed. (c) All patents with a heatexchanger having a working fluid (e.g., acoolant or heating fluid) which goesthrough the inside of a movable portion ofan agitator, whether or not the agitatorstructure is broadly or significantlyclaimed(b) Exception to the above statements (b)and (c): Patents in which a working fluidis agitated by an agitator and thenallowed to be mixed in a mixing chambercontaining a material or fluid to be treated

( heated or cooled) are classified in Class366. (c) Class 366 takes: (a) Significant agita-tor structure in combination with signifi-cant structure of a heat exchanger. (b)Significant agitator structure in combina-tion with nominal structure of a heatexchanger.(d) Exception to the above statements (a)and (b): A patent with a heat exchangerhaving a working fluid (a coolant or heat-ing fluid) which goes through the insideof a movable portion of an agitator isclassified in Class 165, whether the agita-tor structure is significantly or broadlyclaimed. Class 366 takes a heat exchangerhaving an agitator which operates on aworking fluid only if the working fluid isthen allowed to flow into a mixing cham-ber containing a material or fluid to beheated or cooled.

373, Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces, appropri-ate subclasses for electrical furnaces.

376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Sys-tems, and Elements, subclasses 210+, 298+,322, 378+, and 402+, for heat exchangedevices used in combination with nuclear reac-tion systems.

383, Flexible Bags, for hot water and ice bags, perse.

422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, sub-class 305 for fume generators.

426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Composi-tions, and Products, appropriate subclasses.

432, Heating, appropriate subclass, for a residualmaterial heating apparatus or method.

454, Ventilation, appropriate subclasses for appara-tus for supplying air to, removing it from, ordistributing in an enclosure with or withoutheating and without a specific heat exchangemeans.

SUBCLASSES

4 REGENERATOR:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus comprising a non-fluent heatstoring mass that in alternation has heat addedto it by one fluid stream and removed from itby another.


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SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:104.11+,for a fluent material forming part of

the heat transfer apparatus that recy-cles between two zones picking upheat at one zone and discharging it atanother.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:62, Refrigeration, subclasses 638, 641 for

a process specialized to liquid gasproduction utilizing a regenerator andsubclasses 644+ for a liquefied gasproducer having a gas treaterupstream of a rectifier that may be ofthe regenerative type.

137, Fluid Handling, subclasses 309+ for aregenerative system consisting ofreversing valves and only the fluidpassages of the regenerator.

202, Distillation: Apparatus, subclass 123,for a vertical thermolytic retort with aregenerator and subclasses 141+, for ahorizontal thermolytic retort havingvertical flues and reversible regenera-tors.

432, Heating, subclass 39, for the auto-matic control of the selection or loadbalancing of furnace exhaust heatedregenerators; 40, for the automaticcontrol of a Cowper stove; 54, forresidual heating apparatus with aninterlocked, interconnected or multi-way controller alternating flow ofheated and heating fluid; 70, for resid-ual heating apparatus with a slag ordust separator at a regenerator or recu-perator; and 80 for a residual furnacein which the work chamber exhaustheats the work chamber feed by aregenerative type heat exchanger.

5 Cleaning:This subclass is indented under subclass 4.Apparatus wherein provision is made for thecleaning of the heat storage mass.

6 Movable heat storage mass with enclosure:This subclass is indented under subclass 4.Apparatus wherein the heat storage mass ismovable first into one of the fluid streams andthen into another of the streams and there is an

enclosing support for the mass with inlets andoutlets for the exchanging streams.

7 With fluid handling system:This subclass is indented under subclass 6.Apparatus with fluid handling elements addi-tional to the mass and its enclosing support.

8 Rotary heat collector:This subclass is indented under subclass 6.Apparatus in which the two streams passthrough circumferentially spaced parts of themass, which is rotatable.

9 Seals:This subclass is indented under subclass 8.Apparatus having provisions for preventingleakage of the fluid flowing through the rotarymass.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, subclasses

95+ for a coupling with a fluid pres-sure seal, and subclasses 335+ for apacked pipe joint.

9.1 Checker brick structure:This subclass is indented under subclass 4.Apparatus comprising a heat storage massmade up of plural, shaped, modular units ofrefractory material arranged to form an open-work structure of interconnected passages; or amodule, per se, if particularly adapted for usein such a mass.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings),

subclass 574 for an assembly of alter-nating, reversed identical form mod-ules of general utility; subclasses578+ for a general utility assembly ofmodules with a discrete edgewiseconnecting feature; and subclasses596+ for a module of general utilityhaving inter-relating structure.

202, Distillation: Apparatus, subclasses111, 122, 123, 130, 140, 143, 144,146, 148, and 267 for regenerativeheating devices used in stills.

266, Metallurgical Apparatus, subclass 139for metallurgical apparatus providedwith a gas heater of the heat storagetype.


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432, Heating, subclass 28 for a process ofutilizing or operating a heat storagemass; subclass 51 for the timing, pro-gramming or cycling control of heatstorage masses; subclass 54, for theintercontrol of heated and heatingfluid to a heat storage mass; subclass70, for a heat storage mass having alint, dust, or slag separator or collec-tor; subclasses 180+ for a combustionproducts heated furnace in which thechamber exhaust heats the chamberfeed by means of a heat storage mass;subclass 214, for a heat storage massof solid material combined with a heatgenerator.

9.2 Gradated flow area, heat capacity or heatresistance:This subclass is indented under subclass 9.1.Apparatus in which the modular units are (1)arranged to form a flow passage increasing ordecreasing in size along the assembly or (2) areformed of different material along the directionof flow providing progressive resistance todamage by heat or having progressive heatstoring characteristics.

9.3 Having gas supply or exhaust manifoldstructure:This subclass is indented under subclass 9.1.Apparatus with means forming a distinct fluiddistributing or collecting chamber at an end ofthe heat storage mass.

9.4 In casing:This subclass is indented under subclass 9.1.Apparatus in which the modular units arearranged in a gas confining shell.

10 Heat collector:This subclass is indented under subclass 4.Apparatus relating to the structure of the heatstoring mass.

11.1 WITH ALARM, INDICATOR, SIGNALREGISTER, RECORDER, TEST ORINSPECTION MEANS:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus with an alarm, indicator, regis-ter, recorder, signal or tester; or with meanswhich permits inspection of normally hiddenparts of the apparatus or of the fluid inside theapparatus.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:62, Refrigeration, subclasses 125+ for a

refrigerating system with an indicatoror tester.

73, Measuring and Testing, appropriatesubclasses for a measuring or testingdevice, per se.

11.2 Remotely controlled inspection means:This subclass is indented under subclass 11.1.Apparatus which the inspection means ismanipulated from outside the heat exchangerby an operator.

41 WITH VEHICLE FEATURE:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus having (1) means dependenton vehicle motion, (2) a defined vehicle trac-tion feature, or (3) a defined vehicle body fea-ture other than that merely forming thestructure enclosing a space to be heated orcooled or supporting a heating or coolingmeans.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:202+, and 271, for control means responsive

to vehicle motion.234+, where the vehicle is an aircraft having

means to compensate for variations inambient pressure.


vehicle having refrigerating appara-tus not combined with heating appara-tus.

152, Resilient Tires and Wheels, subclass153 for a resilient tire with a coolingdevice.

237, Heating Systems, subclass 12.3 for aheating system not combined with acooling system for a vehicle body inwhich the vehicle motor serves as theheat generator for the system; andsubclasses 28+ for a vehicle havingheating apparatus, but not cooling.

42 Heating and cooling:This subclass is indented under subclass 41.Apparatus having means for both heating andcooling that is more than a mere carrier for heatbetween a source and a sink.


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43 Vehicle contained common power and heatsupply:This subclass is indented under subclass 42.Apparatus in which there is on the vehicle acommon power supply for the vehicle and thecooling apparatus.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:62, Refrigeration, subclass 243 for a

refrigeration system installed on avehicle with a common power supplyfor the vehicle and refrigerating sys-tem.

237, Heating Systems, subclass 12.3 for acombined power plant and heatingsystem for a vehicle other than a rail-way car and subclasses 12.4+ for asimilar structure on a railway car.

44 Utilizing motion of vehicle:This subclass is indented under subclass 41.Apparatus including means which makes useof the motion of a vehicle to perform somefunction of heat exchange.


vehicle mounted refrigeration systemutilizing the motion of the vehicle.

45 GEOGRAPHICAL:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus wherein the structure is relatedto some feature of the earth.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:60, Power Plants, subclasses 641.1+ for a

power plant utilizing natural heat.62, Refrigeration, subclass 260 for a

refrigerating apparatus having a geo-graphical feature.

126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclasses561+, 569+ and 714, for a solarheater.

166, Wells, subclasses 57+ for heatexchange apparatus comprising partof a well apparatus for producing ortreating a well.

175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, sub-class 17 for earth boring with meansfor changing the temperature of all ora portion of a bore or boring equip-ment within the bore.

299, Mining or In Situ Disintegration ofHard Material, subclasses 3+ for insitu conversion of solid to fluid forrecovery of valuable material andincluding melting or other use of heat.

405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclass 56 for a method or apparatusrelating to the heating or cooling ofthe earth surrounding an undergroundfluid storage cavity; and subclasses130+ for subject matter relating totemperature modification of an earthformation.

46 FLEXIBLE ENVELOPE OR COVERTYPE:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus comprising a nonrigid coveror applicator unit; e.g., sheet, bag, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:2, Apparel, subclass 171.3 for a head

covering with forced air circulator.4, Baths, Closets, Sinks, and Spittoons,

subclasses 524+ for a device for treat-ing the body or a body member withhot air or vapor.

5, Beds, subclasses 421+ for beds ormattresses with heating or coolingmeans.

36, Boots, Shoes, and Leggings, sub-classes 83+ for a heated boot or shoe.

62, Refrigeration, subclass 530 for anenvelope type of cooling device.

126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclasses 204+for a body warmer.

160, Flexible or Portable Closure, Parti-tion, or Panel, subclass 44 for a flexi-ble panel with liquid supplyingmeans.

383, Flexible Bags, subclass 901 for hotwater and ice bags.

428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Arti-cles, appropriate subclasses for astock material product in the form of aflexible single or plural layer web orsheet.

47 STRUCTURAL INSTALLATION:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus with means performing anoperation external to the subject matter of thisclass or with a static construction installation,wherein there is included only so much struc-


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ture foreign to Class 165 to associate it with theapparatus of Class 165.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:41+, for a heat exchanger with a vehicle

body or traction feature.45, for a heat exchanger having a feature

related to the earth.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:65, Glass Manufacturing, subclass 267

for a blow mold having heating orcooling means; subclass 319 for apress mold having heating or coolingmeans; and subclasses 355+ for otherglass manufacturing apparatus havingheating or cooling means.

68, Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus, subclasses 15+ for a washing machinewith a tank heater.

72, Metal Deforming, subclasses 69, 128,200+, 286, 342, and 364, for a processor apparatus for modifying or main-taining the temperature of a machineor a metal workpiece in connectionwith deformation of the workpiece.

118, Coating Apparatus, subclasses 58+for a coating machine with a heatexchanger treating the work.

119, Animal Husbandry, subclass 14.09for a milking machine with a cooler;subclasses 302+ for a heated incuba-tor; subclasses 311+ for a heatedbrooder and subclass 73 for a temper-ature controlled watering device.

126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclasses 369through 369.3 for a steam chamberfor food.

132, Toilet, subclasses 41.01+ for a hairdevice with a heater.

134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact WithSolids, subclasses 105+ for a clean-ing or liquid contact with solids appa-ratus with a heat exchanger.

141, Fluent Material Handling, WithReceiver or Receiver CoactingMeans, subclass 82 for a receiver fill-ing device with material heating orcooling structure.

174, Electricity: Conductors and Insula-tors, subclasses 15.1+ for an electricalconductor or insulator with coolingstructure.

184, Lubrication, subclasses 104.1+ for alubricator with heating or coolingmeans.

188, Brakes, subclass 264 for a brake witha cooling and lubricating means, andsubclass 274 for a fluid-resistancebrake with a heat exchanger for thefluid.

192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control, fora clutch with a cooling and lubricatingmeans.

204, Chemistry, Electrical and WaveEnergy, appropriate subclasses forelectrical treatment apparatus in com-bination with heat exchange means;especially subclasses 239 and 241 foran electrolytic apparatus with a heateror cooler.

209, Classifying, Separating, and Assort-ing Solids, subclass 11 for a solid sep-arator with heat treatment means; andsubclass 238 for a sifter with heatingor cooling means.

210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclasses 175+ for a liquid separatorwith an ancillary heat exchanger.

215, Bottles and Jars, subclasses 12+ for abottle or jar with a spaced wall orjacket.

220, Receptacles, subclasses 592.05,592.23, 592.24, 495.01+, 23.9, and23.91 for a receptacle of that classwith a spaced wall or jacket.

222, Dispensing, subclass 183 for dispens-ing apparatus wit a jacket casing.

228, Metal Fusion Bonding, subclass 46for apparatus for metal fusion bondingcombined with cooling means andsubclasses 199+ for correspondingmethods.

241, Solid Material Comminution or Disin-tegration, subclasses 65+ for a solidmaterial comminutor with a tempera-ture modifier for the material.

250, Radiant Energy, subclass 238 for aphotocell with temperature controlmeans, subclass 352 for temperaturecontrolled infrared responsive elec-tric signalling means, subclass 429 forfluent material containment support ortransfer means including temperaturecontrol of the fluent material, sub-classes 493.1+ for invisible ray gener-ator with cooling means.


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269, Work Holders, subclass 7 for a workholder with means for solidification ofthe work holding medium.

277, Seal for a Joint or Juncture, for ageneric sealing means or process,cross-reference art collection 930 fora seal having a heating or cooling fea-ture.

285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, subclass 41for a pipe joint or coupling with heat-ing or cooling means.

297, Chairs and Seats, subclasses 180.1+for a chair or seat with a heatexchanger.

310, Electrical Generator or Motor Struc-ture, subclasses 52+ for a rotary elec-trical motor or generator with coolingmeans.

313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, subclasses 11+ for an electric lamp ordischarge device with a temperaturemodifier. See Lines With OtherClasses and Within This Class in thedefinition of Class 313 for a statementof the line between Class 165 andClass 313.

314, Electric Lamp and DischargeDevices: Consumable Electrodes, subclasses 26+ for an electric dis-charge device of the consumable elec-trode type with temperaturemodifying means.

331, Oscillators, subclass 69 for an oscilla-tor housing with a temperature modi-fier and subclass 70 for an oscillatorwith a temperature modifier.

336, Inductor Devices, subclasses 55+ foran inductor device with temperaturemodifying means.

338, Electrical Resistors, subclasses 53+for an electrical resistor with coolinggas or liquid circulation.

361, Electricity: Electrical Systems andDevices, subclasses 676+ and sub-class 688 for miscellaneous electricalapparatus not elsewhere provided forwith cooling means.

362, Illumination, subclass 294 for a pro-jecting lantern with cooling means.

366, Agitating, subclasses 22+ for a mortarmixer with a heat exchange device.

373, Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces, subclasses 42+ for a condenser in anelectric furnace system.

384, Bearings, subclass 317 for a rotarybearing with cooling means.

409, Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing, subclass 249 for a broaching machinewith means to modify the temperatureof the work or tool.

422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Dis-infecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, orSterilizing, subclasses 186.11, 186.19and 186.20 for ozonizers with heatingor cooling means; and subclass186.26 for arc or spark discharge reac-tors with cooling or pressurizingmeans.

425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shap-ing or Treating: Apparatus, theappropriate apparatus subclass for thecombination of heating or coolingmeans therewith; but see especiallysubclass 378.1 for an extrusion shap-ing machine including heating orcooling means, subclass 384 for appa-ratus for reshaping or vulcanizing anonmetallic preform including bothheating and cooling means, and sub-class 406 for a press molding machinefor non-metals including both heatingand cooling means; see the searchnotes thereunder.

439, Electrical Connectors, subclasses190+ for an electrical connector hav-ing a retainer or passageway for fluentmaterial; and subclasses 485+ for anelectrical connector with provision todissipate, remove, or block the flow ofheat.

494, Imperforate Bowl: Centrifugal Sepa-rators, subclasses 13+, for a separatorof that class provided with means forexchanging heat.

48.1 Heating and cooling:This subclass is indented under subclass 47.Apparatus in which the installed heat exchangeapparatus performs both a heating and coolingoperation that is more than a mere carrying ofheat between a source and a sink.

48.2 Solar:This subclass is indented under subclass 48.1.Apparatus including a solar heater or a solarcooler.


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49 Radiant building panel: This subclass is indented under subclass 48.1.Apparatus wherein a heat exchanging elementis installed as an area of a room surface.

50 Room heat exchangers with central fluidsupply:This subclass is indented under subclass 48.1.Apparatus wherein there is a heat exchanger ineach of a plurality of rooms and a fluid from acentral heated or cooled supply communicateswith the heat exchangers.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:205+, for automatic, interlocked plural zone

and central system control.

51 Engine:This subclass is indented under subclass 47.Apparatus in which the heat exchanger is asso-ciated with an engine.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:43, for a heated and cooled vehicle in

which the vehicle engine supplies theheat and the power to operate theheating and cooling system.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:60, Power Plants, subclasses 320+ for

treatment by heat exchange of theexhaust from the motor of a powerplant.

123, Internal-Combustion Engines, sub-class 41.01 for a device limited bystructure to use as an internal combus-tion engine element and having asso-ciated cooling means; and subclass142.5 for an internal combustionengine element with means using heatfrom one part to heat another part byexchanging heat between the parts.

126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 19.5for a stove oven or vessel in which acombustion engine serves as the heatgenerator.

237, Heating Systems, subclasses 12.1+for a heating system receiving heatfrom a power plant.

52 Exchange between engine supply andexhaust lines:This subclass is indented under subclass 51.Apparatus in which one passage of the heatexchanger is flow connected to an engineexhaust port and another passage is flow con-nected to the engine inlet.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:123, Internal-Combustion Engines, sub-

classes 543+ for a heated chargeforming device, subclasses 364+ foran internal combustion engine with afeed oil evaporator; and subclass142.5 for a device limited by structureto use as an internal combustionengine element with means using heatfrom one part to heat another part byexchanging heat between the parts.

181, Acoustics, subclasses 282+ for ajacket or casing, per se, for a muffler.

53 Related to wall, floor or ceiling structure ofa chamber:This subclass is indented under subclass 47.Apparatus in which the heat exchanger isinstalled on the wall, floor or ceiling structureof a chamber having a function external to thesubject matter of this class and in which theheat exchange is incidental to the primary useof the chamber, which, for example, may be asa shelter or transportation unit.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:41, where the chamber has an associated

vehicle feature.

54 In a chamber connected passage traversingthe structure:This subclass is indented under subclass 53.Apparatus in which the heat exchanger is in aflow path that includes a passage providingcommunication between the inside and outsideof the chamber.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:237, Heating Systems, subclasses 46+ for a

heating system with means for with-drawing stale air from the heatedchamber.

454, Ventilation, appropriate subclasses forapparatus and processes for supplying


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air to or removing it from enclosureswhere there is neither particular struc-ture of the heat exchanger nor anyparticular relationship between theheat exchanger and the enclosure ven-tilated.

55 Projecting shield forms passage with thestructure:This subclass is indented under subclass 53.Apparatus in which a covering construction ismounted on the enclosure forming structurewith a portion projecting inwardly from theplane of the structure to form therewith a flowchannel in which the heat exchanger ismounted.

56 Hollow or recess in the structure connectedfor exchange fluid flow:This subclass is indented under subclass 53.Apparatus in which the heat exchanger islocated in or is formed by an opening or recessin the enclosure forming structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:49, for a radiant building panel with heat-

ing and cooling means.


refrigerator having a flow coolantcontainer within the hollow wall of anenclosure.

237, Heating Systems, subclass 69 for aheating system in which an enclosurefloor structure is heated.

57 Ported to the chamber:This subclass is indented under subclass 56.Apparatus in which the opening or recess com-municates with the chamber.

58 HEATING AND COOLING:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus for the treatment of materialadditional to the parts of the apparatus by (1)selectively adding heat to or removing it fromthe external material, (2) simultaneously add-ing heat to and removing it from the sameexternal material and (3) by adding heat to andremoving it from distinct external materialswhere more than a transfer or heat from one ofthe materials to the other is involved.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:2, for heating and cooling processes.42+, for a heated and cooled vehicle.48.1+, for a structurally installed heating and

cooling system.201+, for automatically controlled heating

and cooling apparatus.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact

With Solids, subclasses 62+ and seethe Notes thereto.

62, Refrigeration, appropriate subclasses,particularly subclasses 7, 79, 90, 122,159+, 173, 238.1+, 277+, and 324.1+,for combined heating and cooling per-formed by a refrigerating producingsystem and subclass 238.1 for arefrigeration producer utilizing a dis-parate heat source as an operatingenergy source. The line betweenClasses 62 and 165 on combined heat-ing and cooling is: (1) Class 62 takes(a) a refrigeration producing systemand related processes used for bothheating and cooling even though therejected heat is utilized, and (b) arefrigeration system combined withheating means for removing or pre-venting the deposition of condensate(frost) or for thawing a freezing mold;(2) Class 165 takes (a) a refrigerationproducer having means to convert thesame to a heating system so that it nolonger functions as a refrigerationproducer (as by omitting the evapora-tor) and (b) a refrigeration producercombined with heating means not pro-vided for under (1) above.

236, Automatic Temperature and HumidityRegulation, appropriate subclasses,for regulating a single temperaturechanging element to maintain pluraltemperatures, which single elementmay at some times act as a heater andother times as a cooler; see particu-larly subclass 1.

59 With ventilation:This subclass is indented under subclass 58.Apparatus including means to supply fresh airto a chamber.


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SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:248+, for automatic ventilation control.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:62, Refrigeration, subclasses 409, 410+

and 427 for refrigerated and ventilatedenclosures.

60 Gas-liquid contactor:This subclass is indented under subclass 58.Apparatus including a gas and liquid contactdevice.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus,

subclasses 127+ for heated or cooledgas and liquid contact devices; andappropriate subclasses for other gasand liquid contact structures.

61 Heating and cooling of the same material:This subclass is indented under subclass 58.Apparatus by which a material or its containercan be both heated and cooled.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:254+, for automatic selection of heating or

cooling.259, for devices in which a single sensor

controls both heating and cooling.265, for manual selection of heating or

cooling combined with automaticcontrol of the condition modifier.


With Solids, subclasses 62+, for adrier or gas or vapor contact with sol-ids apparatus having a means coolingthe dried solids.

266, Metallurgical Apparatus, subclasses121+ for metallurgical apparatus fortreating solid metal with both heat anda liquid.

432, Heating, subclasses 77+, for a resid-ual heating apparatus combined withstructure for merely reducing the tem-perature of the heated work towardambient temperature.

62 Refrigerating system conversion:This subclass is indented under subclass 61.Apparatus wherein a refrigeration producingsystem has means to change the same to a heat-ing system.

63 Refrigeration producer:This subclass is indented under subclass 61.Apparatus wherein the heating and coolingmeans includes apparatus to cause a coolingeffect by producing a change in the conditionof a material, e.g., change of phase of a mate-rial.

64 Heat generator:This subclass is indented under subclass 61.Apparatus wherein the heating and coolingmeans includes a device by which heat is pro-duced by transformation of energy, e.g., elec-tric heater or burner.

65 Heater and cooler serially arranged:This subclass is indented under subclass 61.Apparatus including a flow path having spacedheating and cooling heat exchangers.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:223+, for devices in which the reheating of a

cooled stream is controlled by a humi-distat.

263, for devices in which the reheating of acooled stream is controlled by a ther-mostat.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus,

subclasses 276, 277, 453+, and 470,for heat exchange apparatus in combi-nation with food treatment apparatus.

66 Heat exchange between supply and exhaustlines:This subclass is indented under subclass 65.Apparatus wherein there is an exchange of heatbetween fluid flowing toward and fluid flowingaway from a heat exchanger.

67 WITH EXTERNAL SUPPORT:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus combined with structure forsupporting the apparatus or a componentthereof relative to means external to the device.


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SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:248, Supports, appropriate subclasses for a

support, per se.

68 Legs:This subclass is indented under subclass 67.Apparatus in which the supporting structurecomprises elements extending downwardlyfrom the heat exchanger for supporting it froma subjacent external surface or means.

69 RESILIENT VIBRATION DAMPER ISO-LATING EXCHANGER ELEMENT:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus wherein resilient members areplaced between elements of a heat exchangerand serve to dampen vibration.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:62, Refrigeration, subclass 295 for a resil-

iently supported power or heat reject-ing element in refrigerating apparatus;and subclass 296 for a muffler orsound damper in a refrigerating appa-ratus.

248, Supports, subclasses 560+ for resil-ient supports, per se.

70 WITH LEAKAGE COLLECTOR:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus including means to collectmaterial which leaks from the apparatus.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:11.1, for a leakage indicator.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:137, Fluid Handling, subclasses 312+ for a

leakage collector on a fluid handlingsystem not specialized to heatexchange.

285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, subclasses13+ for a leakage or drip disposalarrangement for a pipe joint not spe-cialized to heat exchange.

71 WITH PURGE, OR DRAINAGE, COCKOR PLUG:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus having a discharge openingadditional to the normal flow inlet and outlet ofa heat exchanger and closed by a cock or plug,

for removing material from a flow path of theheat exchanger.

72 COVERED ACCESS OPENING:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus having an exterior openingclosed by a releasably mounted covering sec-tion.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:71, for a removable purge or drainage

plug.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:49, Movable or Removable Closures,

appropriate subclasses for a closure ofthe type provided for and see LinesWith Other Classes and Within ThisClass, for the loci of closures specificto the furnace and heating classes.

73 Cover is, or carries, heat exchanging means:This subclass is indented under subclass 72.Apparatus in which material within or flowingto or from the apparatus having the removablecovering section is heated or cooled by theremovable section or by a device supported bythe section.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:202, Distillation: Apparatus, subclass 243,

for a closure for a still or retort cooledby a fluid within or flowing throughthe closure.

74 Heat exchanging means projects into thecovered chamber:This subclass is indented under subclass 73.Apparatus in which the heat exchange meansextends inwardly from the access opening andprovides an exchange surface within the recep-tacle.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,

subclasses 17+ for an electric lamp ordischarge device projecting into atemperature modifying jacket.


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75 Heating or cooling means within the coveredchamber:This subclass is indented under subclass 72.Apparatus in which the covered opening pro-vides access from the exterior of a casing tospace within it, in which the temperature modi-fying means is located.

76 WITH REPAIR OR ASSEMBLY MEANS:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus including means, other thanthe parts making up the heat exchanger andsecuring them in operative relationship, whichmeans aids in the assembly or disassembly, orrestores or aids in restoring the apparatus to itsformer condition after injury or decay.

(1) Note. Mere devices with disconnectablepipe joints are not repair or assemblymeans and are classified in appropriatesubclasses below.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:29, Metal Working, subclasses 890.03+

for the process of making a heatexchanger or boiler and subclasses726+ for apparatus for assembling anddisassembling a heat exchanger.

62, Refrigeration, subclasses 298+ forrefrigerating apparatus with repair,assembly or disassembly means.

901, Robots, appropriate subcollections fora robot device in general.

77 Hinge:This subclass is indented under subclass 76.Apparatus including a hinge upon which a partof the heat exchanger pivots between operativeand inoperative positions.

78 Guide:This subclass is indented under subclass 76.Apparatus wherein a supporting structure, e.g.,a trackway, serves as a guide during the assem-bly or disassembly of parts of the apparatus.


refrigerator with repair or assemblymeans including sliding or rollingguides.

79 Positioner or retainer for settable material:This subclass is indented under subclass 76.Apparatus wherein the parts are assembled bysettable material and means is provided forguiding the settable material into position orretaining it in position as it sets.

80.1 WITH RETAINER FOR REMOVABLEARTICLE:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus including means maintaining aremovable article or device in position relativeto attempering structure or fluid.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:72+, where the removable article or device

is or includes a cover for an accessopening.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:269, Work Holders, appropriate subclasses

for work holders, per se.

80.2 Electrical component:This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1.Apparatus which the article is a current con-ducting element utilized as part of an electricaldevice.

80.3 Air cooled including fins:This subclass is indented under subclass 80.2.Apparatus in which heat from the electricalcomponent is removed through structure whichincludes fins in an environment of stationary ormoving air.

80.4 Liquid cooled:This subclass is indented under subclass 80.2.Apparatus in which cooling of the electricalcomponent is effected by liquid coolant.

80.5 Including liquid heat exchange medium:This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1.Apparatus in which heating or cooling iseffected by a liquid medium.

81 EXPANSION AND CONTRACTIONRELIEVING OR ABSORBING MEANS:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus with provision for dimensionvariation of a heat exchanger element producedby temperature change.


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subclass 573.1 for a building structurewith means accommodating dimen-sion variations due to changing condi-tions.

82 Relieving or absorbing means supports tem-perature modifier in heat exchanger:This subclass is indented under subclass 81.Apparatus including a non-rigid interconnec-tion between a temperature modifying meansand an associated casing or frame.

83 Flexible fluid confining wall:This subclass is indented under subclass 82.Apparatus wherein the interconnectionincludes a flexible fluid confining wall struc-ture, e.g., a bellows.

84 WITH MEANS FLEXING, JARRING ORVIBRATING HEAT EXCHANGE SUR-FACE:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus having means by which a wallthrough which heat is transferred is intermit-tently flexed or distorted.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General

Cleaning, subclass 104.07 for a pipeand tube cleaning hammer and sub-class 104.08 for a device for cleaninga pipe or tube by deforming it.

85 AGITATOR OR IMPELLER MOTOROPERATED BY EXCHANGE FLUID:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus in which a mechanicallydriven impeller or agitator is operated by theforce or pressure of the material or of the mate-rial with which it exchanges heat.

86 MOVABLE HEATING OR COOLINGSURFACE:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus comprising a heat exchangedevice with movably supported surface means,said movable surface means being exposed forcontact with material to be heated or cooled bythe surface.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:44, for a heat exchanger carried through a

fluid by movement of a supportingvehicle.

73, for a temperature modifier carried bya removable cover for an access open-ing.

84, for a vibrating temperature modifier.


congealed product producer having afreezing surface mounted for move-ment during freezing; subclasses 448+for a unit of a refrigeration producingassembly movably associated with anenclosure; and subclass 499 for a uni-tarily movable evaporator and con-denser.

159, Concentrating Evaporators, sub-classes 7+ for a concentrating evapo-rator with a moving support for anevaporating film.

432, Heating, subclasses 135+, for anapparatus including a heat generatorand a traveling heat emitter carryingor stirring work material.

87 Hollow screw type impeller:This subclass is indented under subclass 86.Apparatus wherein the movable surface meansis a part of a hollow rotating device and saidsurface is in the plane of a helix about the axisof rotation of the device.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impel-

lers), subclasses 96+ for a hollowrotary impeller with a heat exchangemedium therein.

88 Rotor carrying separate chambers for twoexchanging fluents:This subclass is indented under subclass 86.Apparatus including a rotatable device havingwithin it separate flow paths for exchangingfluent materials.


With Solids, subclasses 130+ for arotary drum drier with gas or vapor


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flow, and treated material flow, andheating means.

89 Rotary drum:This subclass is indented under subclass 86.Apparatus in which the movable heat transfersurface means comprises a part of a wall of acylindrical tank device mounted for rotationabout the axis of the cylinder.


With Solids, subclasses 108+ for arotary drum type drier.

62, Refrigeration, subclass 346 for arotary drum type material concealer.

72, Metal Deforming, subclasses 69, 128,200+, 286, 342, and 364 for a processor apparatus for modifying or main-taining the temperature of a machineor a metal workpiece in connectionwith deformation of the workpiece.

159, Concentrating Evaporators, subclass11 for a film type concentrating evap-orator having a rotary drum or disc.

432, Heating, subclasses 103+, for a tum-bler type rotary drum including a heatgenerator, or otherwise specialized tothe application of heat to work mate-rial.

492, Roll or Roller, subclass 46 for a roll,per se, not elsewhere provided for,having heating, cooling or heat trans-fer means.

90 With means applying fluids for exchangethrough drum wall:This subclass is indented under subclass 89.Apparatus with means positioning, directing orholding an exchanging fluid against the exte-rior of the tank or cylinder.

91 With drum surface scraper:This subclass is indented under subclass 90.Apparatus with a blade device extending alonga surface of the tank cylinder and traversed bythe surface during its movement.

92 Hollow strirrer or scraper:This subclass is indented under subclass 86.Apparatus in which the movable heat exchangesurface passes through a body of fluent mate-rial to give movement to parts of the body rela-tive to other parts of the body or its container.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:366, Agitating, subclass 147 for heat

exchange medium in stirrer of agita-tor.

93 Material advancer in shelf to shelf device:This subclass is indented under subclass 92.Apparatus in which the movable attemperedsurfaces sweep across the vertically spacedshelves moving material therealong and intoshelf openings.

94 WITH SCRAPER REMOVING PRODUCTFROM TEMPERATURE MODIFYINGSURFACE:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus wherein a member movesalong and in close proximity to surface of aheat exchanger to mechanically dislodge fromthe surface material undergoing heat exchange.


congealed product producing meanswith means for working the congealedmaterial, and subclass 354 for a con-gealed product producing means witha moving scraper.

159, Concentrating Evaporators, subclass33 for an open pan type concentratingevaporator with a rake means.

95 WITH CLEANING MEANS FOR HEATEXCHANGER:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus having means for cleaning orfacilitating the cleaning of a part of the heatexchange apparatus.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5, for a regenerative type of heat

exchanger with cleaning means.71, for a heat exchanger with a drainage

cock or plug.84, for a heat exchanger with means flex-

ing or jarring a heat exchange surface.


Cleaning, subclasses 301+ forinstalled cleaners involving no modi-fication of the heat exchanger and


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subclasses 104.03+ for pipe and tubecleaning implements.

62, Refrigeration, subclass 303 for refrig-erating apparatus with cleaningmeans.

122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, sub-classes 379+ for a closed liquid heateror vaporizer with cleaning means.

134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact WithSolids, appropriate subclasses forcleaning apparatus of more generalutility.

137, Fluid Handling, subclasses 237+ for afluid handling system not specializedto heat exchange with cleaningmeans.

451, Abrading, for an abradant type ofscouring device.

96 WITH ADJUSTOR FOR HEAT, OREXCHANGE MATERIAL, FLOW:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus including a movable meansfor adjusting the rate or direction of flow ofheat, or of heat exchanging fluid, or for startingor stopping such flow.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:200+, for a device in which the adjustment is

automatic.


refrigerating system with a movablethermal means varying heat transmis-sion.

97 Flow reversed or crossed within tempera-ture modifying zone:This subclass is indented under subclass 96.Apparatus in which the movable controllerselects the direction of fluid flow through atemperature modifying section of the heatexchanger.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:4, for a regenerative type heat exchanger

having a heat storage mass throughwhich flow is periodically crossed orreversed.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:62, Refrigeration, subclasses 324.1+ for a

refrigerating system in which the flowof refrigerant may be reversed orcrossed and subclass 325 for a systemin which the flow of external fluidmay be reversed or crossed.

137, Fluid Handling, subclass 309 for areversing valve of the regenerativefurnace type, per se.

98 Adjustable radiator face covering means:This subclass is indented under subclass 96.Apparatus in which the adjustable flow con-trolling means is positioned adjacent to andcontrols flow through a radiator face.

99 Discharge grille or diffuser:This subclass is indented under subclass 98.Apparatus in which the adjustable means islocated at the discharge of the radiator.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:454, Ventilation, subclasses 284+ for a reg-

ister controlling the discharge of airfrom a duct or housing.

100 Branched flow:This subclass is indented under subclass 96.Apparatus in which the movable controllerapportions or stops flow in verging flow paths.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:282+, 294 and 296+, for the automatic con-

trol of branched flow of heat exchang-ing fluid.

101 Controls flow through parallel heating orcooling means:This subclass is indented under subclass 100.Apparatus in which the flow adjuster controlsthe flow through parallel commonly suppliedpaths each of which has a temperature modify-ing section.

102 Tortuous and straight through brancheswithin heating or cooling drum:This subclass is indented under subclass 100.Apparatus in which the movable device con-trols flow between a tortuous flow path and adirect flow path formed by baffles within afluid conducting, heating or cooling vessel.


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103 By pass of heating or cooling means:This subclass is indented under subclass 100.Apparatus in which the movable controlleradjusts flow between a heating or coolingbranch and another branch in common with theheating or cooling branch.

104.11 INTERMEDIATE FLUENT HEATEXCHANGE MATERIAL RECEIVINGAND DISCHARGING HEAT:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus in which a retained body ofmaterial forming part of the apparatus acts as aheat storage or carrier means for the apparatusand flows from an area where heat is added toan area where heat is removed.

(1) Note. The flowing material of this andthe indented subclasses may serve toretain heat and transport that heat toanother location.

(2) Note. A heat carrier means is continuousin operation so that at any time a givenamount of heat is added and an equalamount of heat is removed. A heat stor-age means is intermittent in operation sothat heat may be added at a different ratethan it is removed.

(3) Note. Application of heat to one loca-tion of a stationary mass of fluid willeffect flow of the fluid.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:4+, for heating a retained solid mass to the

liquid state without flow thereof; andfor heat transfer to solid material thatis caused to move nonfluently.

236, for automatic control of heat storagein a heating and cooling system.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:62, Refrigeration, subclasses 430+ for

refrigerating apparatus including anintermediate fluid container transfer-ring heat to a heat absorber or hold-over.

126, Stoves and Furnaces, for a heat sourcecombined with means to retain a bodyof flowable material to distribute theheat to another location.

201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, subclasses 10+ for a process in whichhot fluent material, part of the appara-tus, is used to carbonize carbonaceousmaterial.

252, Compositions, subclasses 67+ for acomposition to be used as a heat trans-fer agent.

104.12 Reversible chemical reaction: This subclass is indented under subclass104.11. Apparatus wherein heat is applied tothe retained body of material to effect electronexchange or sharing and heat is removed fromthe retained body of material to effect reverseelectron exchange or sharing, so that theretained body of material returns to its originalcondition.

(1) Note. Included herein is apparatus uti-lizing chemical bonding as in adsorptionand desorption if they are endothermicand exothermic reactions.

104.13 Plural intermediate fluent heat exchangematerials:This subclass is indented under subclass104.11. Apparatus wherein a first and a secondretained body of material, each forming part ofthe apparatus, act as heat storage or carriermeans for the apparatus and each flow from anarea where heat is added to an area where heatis removed.

(1) Note. Apparatus including a retainedbody of non-flammable fluorocarbonsand a retained body of oil, even if indirect contact, is not included in this sub-class unless there is a specific disclosurethat the purpose of each material is to actas a heat storage means. The normalpurpose of the oil in such a mixture is tolubricate the moving parts of the appara-tus.

(2) Note. Each retained body of materialmust be of the type found in subclass104.11.


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104.14 Always out of direct contact with eachother:This subclass is indented under subclass104.13. Apparatus wherein the apparatus iscompartmentized to prevent engagement of theretained bodies of material with each other.

104.15 Solid fluent heat exchange material:This subclass is indented under subclass104.11. Apparatus wherein the retained bodyof material which acts to receive and dischargeheat exists, at least during part of the normaloperation of the apparatus, in the solid state.

(1) Note. The solid heat exchange materialof this subclass may be pelletized or par-ticulated so that flow takes place. Forplacement herein, it is required that therebe flow of the material, not just move-ment. For example, included herein isan apparatus having a conveyor thatdumps the heat exchange materialthereby allowing it to flow, whereas anapparatus that carries similar materialcontinuously is excluded since at no timeis the material allowed to flow.

(2) Note. The retained body of material maybe fluent when in the liquid state andmay be nonfluent when in the solid statebut must be solid at least during part ofthe normal operation of the apparatus.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:4+, for heat transfer to solid material that

is caused to move under continuouscontrol of the apparatus.

104.19, for a retained body of material whichis solid when not in use but liquid dur-ing the normal operation of the appa-ratus.

104.16 Fluidized bed:This subclass is indented under subclass104.15. Apparatus wherein the retained bodyof material is supported against gravity by aflow of liquid or gaseous material passingtherethrough such that the retained body ofmaterial is rendered fluent and is confined in apool like area.

104.17 Utilizing change of state:This subclass is indented under subclass104.15. Apparatus wherein the heat of fusionor the heat of vaporization of the retained bodyof material is intentionally used to assist in heatstorage or in heat transportation.

104.18 Including means to move heat exchangematerial:This subclass is indented under subclass104.15. Apparatus including structure to forcethe retained body of material to move from onearea to another.

(1) Note. Structure utilizing gravity or cap-illary attraction is not considered to beprovided with means to move theretained body of material.

104.19 Liquid fluent heat exchange material:This subclass is indented under subclass104.11. Apparatus wherein the retained bodyof material which acts to receive and dischargeheat exists, at least during some part of the nor-mal operation of the apparatus, in the liquidstate.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:104.15, for apparatus which functions with the

retained body of material in the liquidstate and at other times in the solidstate during the normal operation ofthe apparatus.

104.21 Utilizing change of state:This subclass is indented under subclass104.19. Apparatus wherein the heat of vapor-ization of the retained body is intentionallyused to assist in heat storage or in heat trans-portation.

104.22 Including means to move heat exchangematerial in liquid state:This subclass is indented under subclass104.21. Apparatus provided with means to actto force the retained body of material, while inliquid state, to flow.

(1) Note. Structure utilizing gravity, steady-state centrifugal force, or capillaryattraction is not considered to be pro-vided with means to move the retained


November 2006

body of material. Structure generatingcentrifugal force to cause material toflow is included herein.

(2) Note. A thermosiphon for causing thematerial to flow is considered to be ameans for moving heat exchange mate-rial.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:104.21, for similar apparatus wherein liquid

heat exchange material moves by theeffect of gravity.

104.26, for similar apparatus wherein liquidheat exchange material moves by cap-illary attraction.

104.28, for similar apparatus wherein the liq-uid heat exchange material does notchange state during operation of theapparatus.

104.23 By direct application of electrical energy toheat exchange material:This subclass is indented under subclass104.22. Apparatus wherein the retained bodyof material is of such composition that it can bemanipulated by electrical energy appliedthereto, and wherein the forcing means acts byapplying such energy to the retained body ofmaterial in the liquid state.

104.24 By application of heat other than in heatreceiving area:This subclass is indented under subclass104.22. Apparatus wherein the retained bodyof material is caused to flow by means servingto apply thermal energy thereto for the specificpurpose of causing the material to flow, whichthermal energy is applied at a location of theapparatus remote from the locations at whichheat is added or removed.

(1) Note. While heat is added to the heatexchange material by the apparatus ofthis subclass causing the material tomove, the quantity is generally insignifi-cant, rather the heat is applied for therecited purpose of causing the materialto move rather than to raise the tempera-ture thereof.

104.25 By application of mechanical energy:This subclass is indented under subclass104.22. Apparatus including means to engagethe material of the retained body and transferthat material to effect its flow.

104.26 Utilizing capillary attraction:This subclass is indented under subclass104.21. Apparatus including a tubelike pas-sage for flow of the retained body of materialwhile in the liquid state, wherein the passage-way is sufficiently small such that the surfacetension of the material serves to influence theflow of material passing therethrough.

(1) Note. The capillary flow of this subclassis deemed to be inherent in the design ofthe structure, as in the case of provisionfor gravity flow, and the capillary tube isnot therefore considered to be means tomove the retained liquid material.

(2) Note. A “heat pipe” with a capillary pas-sageway or wicking material therein isconsidered to involve a change of state.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:104.22, for similar structure wherein flow of

the retained material is caused bymechanical means in engagementtherewith.

104.27 With pressurizing means or degassifyingmeans:This subclass is indented under subclass104.21. Apparatus combined with means toalter the ambient pressure acting on theretained body of material or combined withmeans to separate or release vaporous materialfrom the retained body of material.

104.28 Including means to move heat exchangematerial:This subclass is indented under subclass104.19. Apparatus provided with means to actto force the retained body of material to flow.

(1) Note. Structure utilizing gravity or cap-illary attraction is not considered to beprovided with means to move theretained body of material.


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(2) Note. A thermosiphon for causing thematerial to flow is considered to be ameans for moving heat exchange mate-rial.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:104.21, for similar apparatus wherein liquid

heat exchange material moves by theeffect of gravity.

104.22, for similar apparatus wherein liquidheat exchange material is moved,which material changes state duringoperation of the apparatus.

104.26, for similar apparatus wherein liquidheat exchange material moves by cap-illary attraction.

104.29 Utilizing formed bubble:This subclass is indented under subclass104.28. Apparatus wherein vapor lighter thanother portions of the material rises through theapparatus to carry liquid material along.

104.31 By application of mechanical energy:This subclass is indented under subclass104.28. Apparatus including means to engagethe material of the retained body and transferthat material to effect its flow.

104.32 With pressurizing means or degassifyingmeans:This subclass is indented under subclass104.19. Apparatus combined with means toalter the ambient pressure acting on theretained body of material or combined withmeans to separate or release vaporous materialfrom the retained body of material.

(1) Note. Means to force the retained bodyof material to flow is not considered toalter the environmental pressure actingon the retained body under the definitionof this subclass.

104.33 Cooling electrical device:This subclass is indented under subclass104.19. Apparatus particularly adapted toremoving heat from a member, which memberhas been previously heated by resistance toelectricity passing therethrough.

104.34 Including means to move gaseous heatexchange material:This subclass is indented under subclass104.11. Apparatus with means to act to forcethe retained body of gaseous or vaporous mate-rial to flow.

108 RECIRCULATION: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus including means providing forflow of exchange fluid in a delineated pathfrom the discharge of a heat exchange zoneback to the inlet of the zone.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:104.11, for an intermediate retained fluent

material forming a part of the appara-tus recycling in a flow path to transferheat receiving zone.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:62, Refrigeration, subclass 376 for refrig-

erating apparatus with liquid contact-ing a discrete commodity with meansfor recirculating the liquid.

122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, sub-classes 406+ for a closed liquid heaterwith circulation means.

126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 387.1for an open-top liquid heating vesselthat may include a lid having an agita-tor or circulator using the heated liq-uid within the vessel.

109.1 WITH AGITATING OR STIRRINGSTRUCTURE:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus including means for impart-ing movement to parts of a body of exchangematerial within a heat exchange structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:84, for means flexing, jarring or vibrating

a heat exchange surface.85, for an agitator or impeller having a

motor operated by exchange fluid.87, for a hollow, heating or cooling screw

type impeller.88, for a rotor with separate chambers for

two exchanging fluent materials; e.g.,cooled tumbling drum.


November 2006

92, for a heat exchanger having stirrer orscraper with an internal passage for aheating or cooling fluid.

94, for a heat exchanger with a scraperremoving product from a heatexchange surface.


refrigerating means producing a con-gealed or modified product withmeans for working the congealed ormodified product, and subclass 392for a refrigerated liquid dispenser withan agitator for the withdrawable liq-uid.

110 WITH FIRST FLUID HOLDER OR COL-LECTOR OPEN TO SECOND FLUID:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus having structure within a flowpath establishing or maintaining a body orstream of a fluid of one density in communica-tion with a fluid of a second density.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:60, for a heating and cooling system

including a gas-liquid contact device.226, for the automatic control of a gas and

liquid contact device in a heating andcooling system.


heat absorber with means handlingwater condensed from the air, andsubclasses 304+ for means specializedto cooling including a gas liquid con-tact device.

122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, sub-class 34 for an indirectly heated liquidvaporizer having an internal vaporseparator; subclasses 488 to 492 for aclosed liquid vaporizer with a vapor-liquid separator; and subclass 508 fora steam dome for a liquid vaporizer.

126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 113 fora hot air furnace having an air moist-ener or subclass 389.1 for an open-topliquid heating vessel that may includea lid having a vent for steam emittedfrom the liquid that may be a passage-way to a stove hole in a stove top.

137, Fluid Handling, subclasses 154+ fordiverse fluid containing systems notspecific to heat exchange.

210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclasses 157+ for a liquid separatorwith an ancillary heat exchanger.

237, Heating Systems, subclass 78 for aheating system radiator having an airmoistener.

111 Separate external discharge port for eachfluid:This subclass is indented under subclass 110.Apparatus in which a chamber or flow passagein which the two fluids communicate, has aseparate discharge port for separate withdrawalof each of the fluids.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:58+, for a combined heating and cooling

system with an ancillary gas separa-tor.

71, for a heat exchanger with a purge, ordrainage, cock or plug.


means for producing a liquefied gasproduct from a gas and subclass 475for a refrigerant producer having anelement separately discharging refrig-erant and a separate impurity.

96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, for appa-ratus for gas separation of the typeprovided for in Class 96 combinedwith a heat exchanger.

159, Concentrating Evaporators, appropri-ate subclasses for a concentratingevaporator.

196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, appropriatesubclasses for mineral oil separatingapparatus.

202, Distillation: Apparatus, subclasses163+ for the volatilization and con-densation of a liquid to be recoveredfrom a mixture, especially subclasses185+ for a condenser combined with astill; and subclasses 239+ for an ele-ment specialized to distillation.

210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 180 for a heated liquid sepa-rator with vapor or gas removalmeans.


1November 2006

112 With downstream pressure or temperaturemodifier: This subclass is indented under subclass 111.Apparatus in which there is a means for chang-ing the temperature or pressure of one of thefluids separated by the withdrawal.

113 Surface-type heat exchanger:This subclass is indented under subclass 112.Apparatus in which the fluid modification iseffected by a heated or cooled surface forminga part of the apparatus.

114 With baffle at inlet to less dense fluid dis-charge port:This subclass is indented under subclass 111.Apparatus having a flow directing means adja-cent the outlet for a less dense fluid, directingsuch fluid into its outlet or directing a heavierfluid away from the outlet.

115 Trickler:This subclass is indented under subclass 110.Apparatus including means for establishing aliquid layer, which layer flows by gravity alonga surface confining it or drops from one surfaceto another, said surface of a separate tempera-ture modifying means closely adjacent theretoserving to heat or cool the liquid.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, sub-

class 39 for a closed liquid vaporizerof the film type.

159, Concentrating Evaporators, sub-classes 13+ for a concentrating evapo-rator of the moving film type.

261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, subclass 153 for a gas liquid contactdevice having a gas exposed liquidbody or sheet contacting a heatexchanger and having means promot-ing the contact of gas with the liquid.

116 Shelf to shelf:This subclass is indented under subclass 115.Apparatus comprising vertically spacedshelves in a liquid flow path.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus,

subclass 148 for a heated or cooledabsorption or rectification column.

117 Pipe exterior to pipe exterior:This subclass is indented under subclass 115.Apparatus comprising vertically spaced hori-zontally extending exchange fluid conducingpipe sections with means distributing liquidalong the exterior of an upper pipe section forflow thereover onto the exterior of a lower pipesection.

118 Vertical cone or drum:This subclass is indented under subclass 115.Apparatus in which the heated or cooled sur-face is a section of a figure of revolution hav-ing a vertical axis.

119 WITH SOLIDS SEPARATOR FOREXCHANGE FLUID:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus including apparatus for sepa-rating solid materials from a heat exchangingfluid.


refrigerating apparatus with a separa-tor-clarifier for the cooled fluid or icemelt.

96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, for appa-ratus for gas separation of the typeprovided for in Class 96 combinedwith a heat exchanger.

210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclasses 153+ for a structurallyinstalled liquid separator whereinthere is included only enough heatexchange structure to associate it withthe filter and subclasses 175+ for aliquid separator with an ancillaryheater or heat exchanger.

120 WITH IMPELLER OR CONVEYORMOVING EXCHANGE MATERIAL:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus having a kinetic energy deviceacting on the material being treated to move orcarry it within or through the apparatus.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:44, for a device in which the motion of a

vehicle causes fluid to move over anattemperator.


November 2006

85, for a heat exchanger in which an agi-tator or impeller motor is operated byexchange fluid.

86+, for a device in which movement ofmaterial relative to an attempered sur-face is produced by movement of theattemperator.

94, for a heat exchanger with a scraperremoving product from a heatexchange surface.

107, for a heat exchanger having amechanical impeller pumping anintermediate fluid between a heatreceiving and a heat rejecting zone.

108, for a heat exchanger with recircula-tion means.

109, for a heat exchanger with agitating orstirring structure.


With Solids, appropriate subclassesfor a drier with material handling andheating structure.

99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, subclasses 360+ for a filled receptacletype of food cooker with a conveyor;subclass 420 for a spit or impalingtype of food cooker with a conveyorand subclass 443 for a food cookerwith a conveyor; for apparatus thatuses kinetic energy to aid in separat-ing one portion of food from another,search subclasses 518+, 571, 586, and623+.

134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact WithSolids, appropriate subclasses, formeans handling a solid material incontact with a liquid not specific toheat exchange.

137, Fluid Handling, subclasses 334+ for afluid handling system with heating orcooling of the system.

221, Article Dispensing, subclass 150 foran article dispenser with heating orcooling means.

222, Dispensing, subclass 146 for a fluiddispenser with heating or coolingmeans.

312, Supports: Cabinet Structure, sub-class 36 for a cabinet with a magazinetype article discharge device havingcooling means.

432, Heating, subclasses 121+, for a resid-ual material heating chamber withheating structure having means bywhich the work is progressed ormoved mechanically and subclass230, for a residual heat emitter andmeans moving or guiding work rela-tive to the heat emitter.

121 Mechanical gas pump:This subclass is indented under subclass 120.Apparatus wherein a motor driven means, e.g.,a fan, moves a gaseous fluid across or througha temperature modifier.


refrigerating device with means forc-ing air across or through an evapora-tor and subclasses 467+ for arefrigerant compressor and its con-nected condenser specialized for useas a subcombination of a refrigerationproducer.

126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 110 fora pump moving air through a hot airfurnace.

122 Heating or cooling means and gas pump inhousing:This subclass is indented under subclass 121.Apparatus wherein a housing surrounds boththe temperature modifying means and the gaspump.

123 With injector-type gas pump:This subclass is indented under subclass 122.Apparatus wherein the stream from the gaspump passes through a device having arestricted outlet opening for increasing thevelocity of the stream.

124 Verging gas flow:This subclass is indented under subclass 122.Apparatus having structure for spreading ordividing an impelled gas stream or unitinganother stream therewith.

125 Radial flow through annular heating orcooling means:This subclass is indented under subclass 124.Apparatus including a temperature modifier ofannular form having radially extending gaspassages.


1November 2006

126 Single inlet, plural outlets:This subclass is indented under subclass 124.Apparatus providing a single gas inlet andstructure within the housing for dividing theinlet stream into a plurality of distinct streams.

127 Gas pump for each outlet stream:This subclass is indented under subclass 126.Apparatus having a gas pump in each outletstream.

128 THERMOSYPHONIC FLUE TYPE:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus in which temperature changecaused by the heat exchanger produces flowthrough a vertically extending passage of theheat exchanger.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:104.21, for recirculation, including thermosy-

phonic, of an intermediate fluidbetween a heat source and a heat sink.

108, for recirculation, including thermosy-phonic, of a heat exchange fluid.

120+, for a mechanical or jet means movinga material through a heat exchanger.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:137, Fluid Handling, subclass 564 for a

distribution system including a ther-mosyphonic circulating means.

237, Heating Systems, subclass 60 for aheating system with water circulationof the vapor-lift pump type.

129 Heating or cooling means within distinctflue forming enclosure:This subclass is indented under subclass 128.Apparatus wherein the flue is a housing thatencloses a distinct temperature modifier.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:55, for a wall mounted projecting shield

that forms a fluid passage for a tem-perature modifier.

57, for a temperature modifier mountedwithin a hollow in a wall that is incommunication with the room definedby the wall.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:237, Heating Systems, subclass 79 for a

radiator shield, per se.454, Ventilation, subclasses 43+ for a

building flue enclosing a heater.

130 Flue formed between facing second fluidcontaining conduits:This subclass is indented under subclass 128.Apparatus in which facing structures conduct-ing one fluid form between them a verticallyextending flue that produces flow of a secondfluid.

131 Flues formed by vertical corrugations ofheat transmitter:This subclass is indented under subclass 128.Apparatus in which vertically extending corru-gations of a heat transmitting sheet secured to aheating or cooling conduit form flow produc-ing flues.

132 HEATING OR COOLING MEANS INOPEN COMMUNICATION WITH RES-ERVOIR:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus including a tank and attemper-ing means the tank confining a body of fluidwhich is in constantly open communicationwith the attempering means, the tank acting asa storage reservoir and the attempering meansbeing ancillary to it.

133 WITH COATED, ROUGHENED OR POL-ISHED SURFACE:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus having a member covered by aconforming film of diverse material, having apolished or roughened surface.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic,

subclass 13 for a fog, frost or ice pre-ventative coating composition; sub-class 14.05 for a corrosion inhibitingcoating composition; and appropriatesubclasses for coating compositionsof general application.

138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, sub-classes 145+ for a coated pipe notspecialized to heat exchange.

252, Compositions, subclasses 381+ for aprotective coating composition.


November 2006

428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Arti-cles, subclasses 152 and 155 for astock material product in the form of asingle or plural layer web or sheethaving a component which is wrin-kled, cracked, crazed or slit, and sub-classes 409+ for such a producthaving a particular surface character-istic.

134.1 WITH PROTECTOR OR PROTECTIVEAGENT:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus having means to protect itfrom corrosion, wear, soil or contamination; orto prevent it from receiving or inflicting physi-cal damage.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:55, for a heat exchanger with a shield pro-

jecting from a wall.69, for a vibration shield.81+, for protection against damage due to

expansion or contraction.129, for a radiator within a convective cas-

ing.133, for a heat exchanger with a protective

coating.200, for a condition responsive control.


classes 504+ for a closed liquid heaterwith a safety device.

123, Internal-Combustion Engines, sub-class 142.5 for the combination of aninternal combustion engine and meanssupplying external energy to heatsome part or adjunct of the enginesuch as a radiator.

137, Fluid Handling, subclasses 59+ for afreeze condition responsive safetysystem; subclasses 67+ for a destructi-ble or deformable element control;and subclasses 343+ for a protectorfor a fluid handling system not spe-cialized to heat exchange.

138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, sub-classes 27+ for a freeze protectingpressure compensator and subclasses32+ for freezing and thawing protec-tion of a tubular conduit not special-ized to heat exchange.

204, Chemistry, Electrical and WaveEnergy, subclasses 196.01+ for elec-trolytic object protection apparatus.

205, Electrolysis: Processes, Composi-tions Used Therein, and Methods ofPreparing the Compositions, sub-classes 724+ for electrolytic protec-tion of a metal or metal alloy object.

237, Heating Systems, subclass 79 for aradiator shield and subclass 80 for aheating system with an antifreezedevice.

310, Electrical Generator or Motor Struc-ture, for apparatus specialized to theprotection of an object by the applica-tion of a magnetic field.

422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Dis-infecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, orSterilizing, subclasses 7+ for amethod of protecting metal from tar-nish or corrosion.

432, Heating, subclass 233, for a heatingapparatus element having protectivecooling structure.

135 WITH THERMAL OR ACOUSTICALBLOCKER:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus having structure provided toinhibit heat or sound transmission.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:69, for a resilient vibration dampener iso-

lating an exchanger element.133, for a heat exchanger having a coating.134, for a heat exchanger with protective

means.

136 Insulation and temperature modifier withinbarrier member:This subclass is indented under subclass 135.Apparatus comprising a panel having thereininsulation and an exchange fluid conductingmeans.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:46, for a flexible blanket or cover having

a passage for an exchange fluidtherein.

49, for a radiant wall panel used in a heat-ing or cooling system.


1November 2006

56, for a constructural installation includ-ing a wall having an internal passagefor a heating or cooling medium.


subclasses 220.1+ for a mere serviceduct within a building barrier.

62, Refrigeration, subclass 451 for aflowing coolant container covered byinsulation means or within a hollowwall of a refrigerator and subclass 458for a refrigerator having an access sur-face open to the atmosphere.

137 CONVERTIBLE:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus including means wherebymode or condition of operation can be changedby shifting or rearranging all or some of theparts in a different relationship to each other, orby addition or omission of a part.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:62, for a system convertible between

heating and cooling.97, for a heat exchanger with means by

which fluid flow may be reversed orcrossed within a heating or coolingzone.

138 COMBINED:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus combined with a device hav-ing a function other than heat exchanging, orserving to perfect the heat exchange apparatus.

(1) Note. See the search notes to the classdefinition for other classes having heatexchange means.

139 INTERNALLY BRANCHED FLOW,EXTERNALLY PORTED:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus in which (1) fluid from outsidea heat exchanger is supplied to a single passageof the heat exchanger through at least two dis-tinct inlets or (2) fluid from a single passage ofthe heat exchanger is discharged outside of theheat exchanger through at least two distinctoutlets.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:100+, for branched flow with a variable con-

troller.124+, for a mechanical fan and temperature

modifier in a housing having verginggas flows.

282+, 294 and 296+, for automatic controlof branched flow.

140 THREE NON-COMMUNICATING FLU-IDS:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus holding three or more non-communicating fluids in heat exchanging rela-tionship.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:104.11+,for means utilizing a sealed or recy-

cling body of fluent to transfer heatbetween two other materials.

141 Concentric flow chambers:This subclass is indented under subclass 140.Apparatus in which at least two of the fluidholders are concentric.

142 SPUR TUBE PROJECTS INTO ENCLO-SURE:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus comprising a structure securedto a container and projecting into the container,said structure comprising a tube, the projectingend of which is closed, and in which fluid issupplied to or removed from the projectingclosed end by an interior conduit means run-ning from the secured end to the closed end ofthe tube.

143 PLURAL CASING-CONDUIT UNITS,LINE OR COMMON HEADER CON-NECTED:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus including units, each made upof a conduit surrounded by a casing forming aflow passage; said units being connected forflow of one heat exchange fluid through saidplural units.


November 2006

144 LINE CONNECTED CONDUIT ASSEM-BLIES:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus comprising a plurality of uni-tary, separate and discrete assemblies con-nected by distinct flow means; each of saidassemblies being (1) a conduit with distinctheat transfer structure, (2) a tube coil, (3) agroup of assembled side by side tubes or (4)one casing-conduit unit.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:143, for interconnected plural casing-con-

duit units.

145 In common casing:This subclass is indented under subclass 144.Apparatus in which the connected units arewithin the same enclosing structure.

146 GRADATED HEAT TRANSFER STRUC-TURE:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus including structure which pro-vides a progressive amount of heat transferalong a flow path by providing graduated sur-face areas, or conductivities along the flowpath in the direction of flow.

147 Tapered conduit means:This subclass is indented under subclass 146.Apparatus in which heat transfer takes placethrough the wall of a passage increasing pro-gressively in cross-sectional area.

148 RADIATOR CORE TYPE:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus comprising container structurefor line connection to a source of a firstexchange fluid, said structure being traversedby a multiplicity of parallel, uniformly distrib-uted passages for a second fluid; said secondfluid passages extending through the apparatusand having inlet points in common plane onone side of the container structure and outletports in a common plane on the opposite sideof the structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:128+, for a thermosyphonic flue or convec-

tive circulation type of radiator.

149 With edge cover or frame means:This subclass is indented under subclass 148.Apparatus with means providing a strengthen-ing support or circumferential cover for thefluid confining elements.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:67+, for an external support for a heat

exchanger.

150 Serially connected tube sections:This subclass is indented under subclass 148.Apparatus, in which the container structurecomprises serially connected tube sections.

151 Side-by-side tubes traversing fin means:This subclass is indented under subclass 148.Apparatus, in which the container structurecomprises side by side tubes and the traversingpassages are formed by distinct heat transmit-ters traversed by the tubes.

152 Deformed sheet forms passages betweenside-by-side tube means:This subclass is indented under subclass 148.Apparatus in which the traversing passages areformed by a corrugated or deformed sheet orsheets interposed between side by side ele-ments of the container structure.

153 With tube manifold:This subclass is indented under subclass 152.Apparatus in which the side by side tubes areconnected to a common header.

154 NON-COMMUNICATING COAXIALENCLOSURES:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus including structure formingtwo chambers having a common axis andwhich do not unite.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:141, for concentric flow chambers in a

means providing heat interchange ofthree noncommunicating fluids.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:181, Acoustics, subclasses 282+ for a

jacket or casing, per se, for a muffler.


1November 2006

220, Receptacles, subclasses 592.05,592.23, 592.24, 495.01+, 23.9, and23.91 for a metallic receptacle with aspaced wall or jacket not specializedby structure to heat exchange.

155 With communicating coaxial enclosure:This subclass is indented under subclass 154.Apparatus with means forming a third coaxialchamber communicating with one only of thetwo chambers that do not unite.

156 Helical conduit means:This subclass is indented under subclass 154.Apparatus with means forming a helical flowpath in the outer chamber.

157 CASING OR TANK ENCLOSED CON-DUIT ASSEMBLY:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus in which a fluid conductingassembly is arranged inside of, but out of com-munication with, a housing means; said assem-bly being (1) a coiled conduit (2) a group ofside by side conduits or (3) a conduit with dis-tinct heat transfer structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:54, for a conduit assembly installed in a

wall traversing passage means.55, for a conduit assembly within a space

formed by a wall and a projectingshield.

57, for a conduit assembly in a walldefined space.

74, for a heat exchanging means mountedon a cover for an access opening andprojecting into the covered chamber.

75, for a chamber with an internal attem-perator and having a removable coverfor an access opening.

92, for a vessel or housing in which theconduit assembly serves as a scraperor agitator.

108, for recirculation of a heat exchangefluid including thermosyphonic circu-lation produced by a conduit assemblywithin a vessel.

122+, for a conduit assembly and a gaspump in a common housing.

129, for a conduit assembly within a dis-tinct housing forming a thermosy-phonic type flue.

134, for a heat exchanger with a protectorthat may be a shield.

142, for a spur tube projecting into anenclosure.

143, for plural casing-conduit units that areline or common header connected.

145, for line connected conduit assembliesin a common casing.

154, for noncommunicating coaxial enclo-sures.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:181, Acoustics, subclasses 282+ for a

jacket or casing, per se, for a muffler.

158 Manifold formed by casing section and tubesheet of assembly:This subclass is indented under subclass 157.Apparatus in which the conduit assembly com-prises a header plate and tubes, said plate form-ing with a section of the casing a manifold forthe tubes.

159 With distinct flow director in casing:This subclass is indented under subclass 157.Apparatus including a distinct flow director inthe space between the casing structure and theconduit assembly elements.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:110+, for a heat exchanger in which a flow

director forms a first fluid holder orcollector open to a second fluid.

124+, for a temperature modifier and gaspump within a housing with meansproducing verging flow.

134.1, for a protector that may be a flowdirecting baffle.

160 Longitudinal:This subclass is indented under subclass 159.Apparatus in which the flow director extends asubstantial distance in the direction of the cen-ter line of a casing having a distinct longitudi-nal axis.

161 Additional transverse baffle:This subclass is indented under subclass 160.Apparatus including additional flow directingmeans transversely arranged relative to the lon-gitudinal flow director.


November 2006

162 With support in casing:This subclass is indented under subclass 157.Apparatus having a distinct structure within thespace between the conduit assembly elementsand the casing holding the assembly in posi-tion.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:82, for a heat exchanger with expansion

relieving or absorbing means support-ing a tube assembly within anexchanger.

163 Conduit coiled within casing:This subclass is indented under subclass 157.Apparatus including a continuous conduitwhich is coiled, looped or bent within the cas-ing stream.

164 FLOW PASSAGES FOR TWO CON-FINED FLUIDS:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus in which a stream of one heatexchanging fluid is conducted in indirect heatexchange relationship with a stream of a sec-ond fluid.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:140+, for means providing interchange of

three or more fluids.154+, for a device in which the exchanging

streams are concentric.157+, for a device in which one of the fluid

streams is in a casing enclosing theconductor of the second stream.

165 Interdigitated plural first and plural secondfluid passages:This subclass is indented under subclass 164.Apparatus in which plural passages for onefluid are interfitted and intermingled with flowpassages for another fluid.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:148+, where the interdigitated passages

form a radiator core.

166 Stacked plates or shells form interplate pas-sages:This subclass is indented under subclass 165.Apparatus in which the interfitted passages areformed between facing sections of a pluralityof thin members of considerable surface areastacked face to face.

167 With plate traversing passages interconnect-ing alternate spaces:This subclass is indented under subclass 166.Apparatus in which alternate interface passagesof the stack are connected by passage meanspenetrating or extending through plates of thestack.

168 CONDUIT WITHIN, OR CONFORMINGTO, PANEL OR WALL STRUCTURE:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus in which an extended surfacestructure has a fluid conductor conforming tothe surface or has a passage formed within it.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:46, for a flexible envelope or cover type

of heat exchanger.49, for a heating and cooling radiant

building panel.56, for a heating or cooling panel making

up a part of a building.89+, for a rotatable drum with a heated or

cooled surface.94, for a heat exchange surface with a

scraper.115+, for a heated or cooled trickler surface.136, for a heating or cooling conduit and

insulation within a barrier or panel.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 33 for

a steam table.237, Heating Systems, subclasses 70+ for a

heating system radiator.

169 Wall forms enclosure:This subclass is indented under subclass 168.Apparatus in which the extended surface is apart of an enclosure forming means.


1November 2006

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:154+, for noncommunicating coaxial enclo-

sures that may comprise a vessel andits jacket.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:62, Refrigerator, subclasses 516+ for an

enclosure forming evaporator.220, Receptacles, subclasses 592.05,

592.23, 592.24, 495.01+, 23.9, and23.91 for a spaced wall or jacketedreceptacle not specialized by structureto heat exchange.

170 Opposed plates or shells:This subclass is indented under subclass 168.Apparatus in which spaced areas of facingsheet, shell or plate sections form a fluid con-ducting passage of a panel made up of suchsections.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:62, Refrigeration, subclass 523 for a cor-

rugated or embossed wall evaporator.

171 Means spanning side-by-side tube elements:This subclass is indented under subclass 168.Apparatus comprising side by side tubes withtheir interspaces substantially covered by dis-tinct interconnected structure.

172 SIDE-BY-SIDE TUBULAR STRUC-TURES OR TUBE SECTIONS:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus in which two or more lengthsor loops of tubing or two or more tubular ele-ments are assembled alongside each other.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:117, for a trickler in which liquid flows

across parallel horizontal pipes.130, for facing conduits forming a thermo-

syphonic flue.144+, for distinct conduit assemblies that are

line connected.150, for a radiator of the core type made up

of serially connected tube sections.151, for a radiator of the core type made up

of side by side tubes traversing agroup of fins.

152+, for a radiator of the core type made upof side by side tubes spaced bydeformed passage forming sheets.

157+, for a tube assembly in a casing ortank.

171+, for a panel or wall structure made upof side by side tube elements.

173 With manifold type header or header plate:This subclass is indented under subclass 172.Apparatus in which the tubular elements areinterconnected by structure forming a part of acommunicating manifold chamber in whichfluid flow verges.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:153, for a tube manifold connecting side by

side tubes in a core type radiator.158, for encased tube assembly with a

manifold formed by a tube sheet andcasing section.


class 512 for a tube sheet specializedfor use in a boiler.

174 With internal flow director:This subclass is indented under subclass 173.Apparatus wherein structure is provided fordirecting or distributing a fluid within the con-duits or header chamber.

175 Inlet and outlet header means:This subclass is indented under subclass 173.Apparatus including an additional manifold,the tubes receiving fluid from one and dis-charging into the other.

176 Side by side:This subclass is indented under subclass 175.Apparatus wherein the manifolds are located atthe same end of the apparatus.

177 TUBULAR STRUCTURE:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus comprising a hollow body oftubular formation.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, subclass

38 for a pipe with merely internal baf-fles designed to facilitate a transfer of


November 2006

heat between fluids inside and outsideof the pipe; and appropriate sub-classes for a pipe not specialized bystructure to heat exchange.

178 With support or flow connector:This subclass is indented under subclass 177.Apparatus with means connecting the hollowbody for flow of fluid there-through or for sup-porting it in a heat exchanger.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:162, for means supporting a conduit

assembly in a casing.173+, for side by side tubular structures con-

nected by a manifold type header.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:248, Supports, subclasses 59+ for a pipe

support of general application.285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, for a pipe

joint or coupling of general applica-tion.

179 Projecting internal and external heat trans-fer means:This subclass is indented under subclass 177.Apparatus including external and internal heattransmitters projecting from the body wall.

180 Diverse materials:This subclass is indented under subclass 177.Apparatus in which the tubular structureincludes elements made of different materials.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:133, for a heat exchanger with a coated

surface.134.1, for a protector that may be a protec-

tive liner.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, sub-

classes 140+ for a pipe or tubular con-duit of general application having dis-tinct layers.

181 With discrete heat transfer means:This subclass is indented under subclass 177.Apparatus with distinct heat conducting struc-ture for enhancing the transfer of heat.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:151, for a core type radiator formed by side

by side tubes traversing fin means.152, for a core type radiator formed by a

heat transmitter between two side byside tube means.

171, for a heat transmitter spanning side byside tube means and forming a panel.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:123, Internal-Combustion Engines, sub-

class 41.69 for an internal combustionengine with a finned cylinder or head.

313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, for an electric lamp or discharge tubewith an attached radiating surfacemember.

182 With means spacing fins on structure:This subclass is indented under subclass 181.Apparatus having spaced heat transmittingplate sections spaced along the hollow bodyand distinct structure between the plate sec-tions holding them in position relative to eachother.

183 Longitudinal extending:This subclass is indented under subclass 181.Apparatus in which the longitudinal axis of thedistinct heat conducting structure is disposed ina plane parallel to or forming a sharp anglewith the axis of the tubular structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:171, for a panel formed by means, e.g.,

plate, spanning side by side tube ele-ments.

184 Helical:This subclass is indented under subclass 183.Apparatus in which the distinct heat conduct-ing structure forms a helix about the tubularstructure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:156, for coaxial enclosures with means

forming a helical passage in the annu-lar outer enclosure.


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185 HEAT TRANSMITTER:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Elements for receiving heat from onematerial and conducting it for discharging toanother.

186 MISCELLANEOUS:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Apparatus not otherwise classifiable.

200 WITH TIMER, PROGRAMMER, TIMEDELAY, OR CONDITION RESPONSIVE:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Subject matter wherein associated withthe heat transfer apparatus there is an instru-ment having either: (a) a means for measuringor recording time; or a device for controllingthe heat transfer apparatus at a predeterminedtime (e.g., a clock-thermostat, an oven timer,etc.); or (b) a means for scheduling or coordi-nating the performance of a repetitive sequenceof operations; or (c) a means for accepting aninput signal and providing a time intervalbefore initiating an output signal; or (4) ameans to sense a randomly occurring conditionor a change in condition of the heat transferapparatus, wherein the sensing means operatesto directly or indirectly effect a change in anoperation of the heat transfer apparatus.

(1) Note. In many cases, a programmer con-trols a sequence of operations of a cyclicnature.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:62, Refrigeration, subclasses 157+ for an

automatically controlled refrigeratingsystem with a time and program actu-ator; subclass 171 for control appara-tus associated with a gas-liquidcontact cooler; subclass 176 for con-trol of a refrigeration system by ahumidity sensor; subclasses 231+ fora refrigerating system controlled by atime or program actuator; and appro-priate subclasses for processes limitedto refrigeration and apparatus havingfeatures specialized to refrigeration.Note. The line between Classes 165and Class 62 is: Class 165 takes: (a) Areversible heat pump or a refrigerationproducing system that provides usefulcooling, in combination with a sup-

plemental heating means near or on acondenser for providing heat during aheating mode. (b) A refrigerationevaporator or condenser, per se. (c)Nominal recitation of an expansiondevice in combination with specificevaporator structure. (d) A liquidreceiver or an accumulator which isbuilt into or as a part of a heatexchanger. (e) A refrigeration pro-ducer having means to convert thesame to a heating system so that it nolonger function as a refrigeration pro-ducer (e.g., by omitting the evapora-tor, etc.). Class 62 takes: (a) Areversible heat pump or a refrigerationproducing system that provides usefulcooling. (b) Specific expansiondevice structure in combination withan evaporator. (c) A reversible heatpump or a refrigeration producingsystem that provides useful cooling incombination with a heating means forremoving or preventing the depositionof condensate (frost) or thawing afreezing mold.

(1) Note. A reversible heat pump or arefrigeration producing systemthat provides useful cooling incombination with a supplementalheating means at or on the con-denser is classified in Class 165. Arefrigeration producing systemhaving means to convert the sameto a heating system so that at onetime it no longer functions as arefrigeration producer (e.g., omit-ting the evaporator, etc.) is alsoclassified in Class 165.

236, Automatic Temperature and HumidityRegulation, subclass 44 for automatichumidity controlling mechanism; sub-class 46 for temperature or a humiditycontrolling mechanism including atiming means; and appropriate sub-classes for a temperature or humiditycontrol mechanism associated withgeneral utility. Note. The line betweenClass 165 and 236 is: Class 165 takes:(a) Nominal recitation of a means forheating and cooling, and a means forautomatically controlling the meansfor heating and cooling. (b) Specific


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heat exchanger structure in combina-tion with a means for automaticallycontrolling a heat exchanger. (c) Spe-cific heat exchange structure in com-bination with a means forautomatically controlling a heatingand a cooling means. Class 236takes: A patent with nominal recita-tion of a heat exchanger in combina-tion with a means for automaticallycontrolling a heating or coolingmeans.

237, Heating System, subclasses 70+ forstructure of a radiator of a heating sys-tem.

(1) Note. The line between Classes165 and 237 on reversible heatpump or refrigeration producingsystem is: Class 165 takes: Areversible heat pump or refrigera-tion system that provides usefulcooling in combination with a sup-plemental heating means on ornear a condenser for providingheat during a heating mode. Class237 takes: A reversible heat pumpor refrigeration producing systemthat only provides useful heating.

(2) Note. The line between Classes165 and 237 on radiator for heat-ing is: Class 165 takes: (a) Radia-tor structure, per se. (b) Radiatorstructure in combination withbuilding structure. Class 237takes: A patent with a heating sys-tem for a habitable enclosure (e.g.,building structure, etc.) having aradiator in combination with aheat generator (e.g., boiler, steamgenerator, etc.) or in combinationwith a means to distribute radiatorfluid to different areas of the hab-itable enclosure (e.g., piping, aplurality of connected radiators,etc.).

366, Agitating, appropriate subclasses foragitating process or apparatus of gen-eral utility; subclasses 144+ for anagitator in combination with a heatingor cooling means.

(1) Note. The line between Classes165 and 366 on combined agitatorand heat exchanger is: Class 165takes: (a) All patents with signifi-cant heat exchange structure incombination with nominal struc-tural recitation of an agitator. (b)All patents with a heat exchangerhaving an agitator which operateson a working fluid (e.g., a coolantor heating fluid), whether or notthe agitator structure is broadly orsignificantly claimed. (c) All pat-ents with a heat exchanger havinga working fluid (e.g., a coolant orheating fluid) which goes throughthe inside of a movable portion ofan agitator, whether or not the agi-tator structure is broadly or signif-icantly claimed. Exception to theabove statements (b) and (c): Pat-ents in which a working fluid isagitated by an agitator and thenallowed to be mixed in a mixingchamber containing a material orfluid to be treated (heated orcooled) are classified in Class 366.Class 366 takes: (a) Significantagitator structure in combinationwith significant structure of a heatexchanger. (b) Significant agitatorstructure in combination withnominal structure of a heatexchanger. Exception to the abovestatements (a) and (b): A patentwith a heat exchanger having aworking fluid (a coolant or heatingfluid) which goes through theinside of a movable portion of anagitator is classified in Class 165,whether the agitator structure issignificantly or broadly claimed.Class 366 takes a heat exchangerhaving an agitator which operateson a working fluid only if theworking fluid is then allowed toflow into a mixing chamber con-taining a material or fluid to beheated or cooled.

454, Ventilation, appropriate subclasses forventilation means and related pro-cesses not including specific heatexchange means.


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201 Having heating and cooling capability:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Subject matter including a heating and coolingsystem capable of providing heating and cool-ing to an area at the same time or at differenttimes.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:62, Refrigeration, subclasses 80+ for sys-

tem with defrosting or frost inhibiting;and subclass 90 for refrigeration sys-tem with reheating.

99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, subclasses 468, 486+ for apparatuswith automatic control or time means;subclass 470 for apparatus withsequential heating and cooling; andsubclass 483 for apparatus havingnoncooking heat treatment of food.

236, Automatic Temperature and HumidityRegulation, subclass 1 for control ofheating and cooling; subclass 91 forthermostatic control of hot and cold;and appropriate subclasses for auto-matic temperature and humidity con-trol mechanisms.

324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 760 for measuring and test-ing device with temperature control.

373, Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces, subclass 113 for resistance furnacedevices for cooling.

374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, sub-class 45 for thermal testing of a non-thermal quantity.

432, Heating, appropriate subclasses for aresidual material heating apparatus ormethod.

202 Vehicle installation:This subclass is indented under subclass 201.Subject matter wherein the heating and coolingsystem is mounted in a vehicle capable oftransporting an occupant.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:41, 42-43, for heat exchange apparatus

combined with vehicle feature.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:62, Refrigeration, subclasses 239, 243,

244 for refrigeration system combinedwith vehicle feature.

219, Electric Heating, subclasses 202+ forheating devices combined with vehi-cle component.

237, Heating Systems, subclasses 12.3+for heating system of vehicle.

454, Ventilation, subclass 75 for vehicleventilation system having automaticcontrol means; subclasses 69+ forvehicle ventilation system; andappropriate subclasses for particularstructure of ventilation system.

203 Plural temperature regulators for pluralzones:This subclass is indented under subclass 202.Subject matter wherein the vehicle has a plural-ity of distinct areas which are heated or cooled;and wherein each of the distinct areas has itsown temperature sensor and temperature setter.

204 Flow control of chest, foot, or defrost air invehicle:This subclass is indented under subclass 202.Subject matter including means to regulate theamount of air discharged into the vehiclethrough a port located at either a chest level ofan occupant, near a foot area of an occupant oradjacent to a windshield of the vehicle.

205 Plural temperature regulators for pluralzones:This subclass is indented under subclass 201.Subject matter including a plurality of distinctareas which are heated or cooled, wherein eachareas has its own area control means compris-ing a temperature sensor and a temperature set-ter.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:236, Automatic Temperature and Humidity

Regulation, subclass 1 for zone con-trol for heating and cooling medium;subclass 49.3 for electrically actuatedventilator; and subclass 49.4 for pneu-matically actuated ventilator.


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206 Nonbuilding system (e.g., machine tool,chemical analyzer, etc.):This subclass is indented under subclass 205.Subject matter wherein said plurality of distinctareas are associated with structure other than ahabitable enclosure.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:392, Electric Resistance Heating Devices,

subclasses 482, 486, 490 for specialfeatures of electric resistance heatingdevices.

422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Dis-infecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, orSterilizing, subclass 305 for fumegenerators, appropriate subclasses forprocesses or apparatus for treatingmaterial.

425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shap-ing or Treating: Apparatus, sub-classes 143+ for plastic or earthen-ware shaping or treating apparatushaving temperature control means.

432, Heating, subclass 18 for heating pro-cess wherein work is subjected todiverse treatment or graduated tem-peratures; subclasses 43+ for heatingdevices having condition responsivecontrol.

207 Refrigeration system having an evaporatoror condenser in each zone:This subclass is indented under subclass 205.Subject matter wherein the heating and coolingsystem includes a closed-flow system in whicha refrigerant is compressed, condensed in acondenser, and expanded to produce cooling ata low temperature level in an evaporator; andwherein each of said distinct areas has its ownindividual evaporator or its own individualcondenser.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:62, Refrigeration, subclass 175 for

diverse, cascade or compound refrig-eration producing system; subclasses198 through 200 for refrigeration pro-ducer having serially arranged evapo-rator; subclasses 203 through 206 forplural refrigerating producing ele-ments; and appropriate subclasses forprocesses limited to refrigeration and

apparatus having features specializedto refrigeration.

208 Central system prioritizes heating and cool-ing requests from zones:This subclass is indented under subclass 205.Subject matter including a common supplysource capable of supplying heated or cooledair to each of said distinct areas; the area con-trol means of each of said distinct areas eachsupplying a control signal to said common sup-ply source; and wherein said common supplysource includes signal accepting means to ana-lyze the signals from the distinct areas todecide which of the areas will be first heated orcooled.


Regulation, subclass 1 for zone con-trol for heating and cooling medium;subclass 49.3 for electrically actuatedventilator; and subclass 49.4 for pneu-matically actuated ventilator; subclass51 for distance-adjusted controldevices.

209 Supervisory central control means overrideszone controller:This subclass is indented under subclass 205.Subject matter including a master controlmeans capable of overruling the operation of atleast two of the area control means.


Regulation, subclass 1 for zone con-trol for heating and cooling medium;subclass 47 for high and low tempera-ture alternate control devices; sub-class 51 for distance-adjusted controldevices.

210 Heat balancing using waste heat or cold(e.g., heat reclaim, etc.):This subclass is indented under subclass 205.Subject matter wherein the heating and coolingsystem includes a means for utilizing excessheat or cold discharged at one location (e.g.,radiation heat from light fixture, etc.) to reducea heating or cooling requirement in anotherlocation (e.g., waste heat can be used to offsetheating requirements in space heating, service


1November 2006

water heating, air reheat in air conditioningsystems, etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:54, for heat exchange apparatus combined

with wall, floor, or ceiling structure ofa chamber; subclass 909 for regenera-tion heat exchange apparatus.


eration process having plural coolingsteps; digest 22 for refrigeration sys-tem having free cooling.

454, Ventilation, subclass 294 for ventila-tion system having air passes overlamp; subclass 295 for ventilation sys-tem having ceiling type inlet airwayand adjustable valve.

211 Different conditioning means for perimeterzone and core zone:This subclass is indented under subclass 205.Subject matter wherein one of said distinctareas comprises an inner area; another of saiddistinct areas comprises a boundary area com-pletely surrounding said inner area; andwherein said inner area has one kind of heatingor cooling structure (e.g., central system sup-ply, etc.), and the boundary area has a diversekind of heating or cooling structure (e.g., fan-coil unit under window, etc.).


Regulation, subclass 1 for zone con-trol for heating and cooling medium;subclass 49.3 for electrically actuatedventilator; and subclass 49.4 for pneu-matically actuated ventilator.

212 Central temperature conditioned air sup-plied to each zone:This subclass is indented under subclass 205.Subject matter including a common air supplysource capable of supplying heated or cooledair from the heating and cooling system to eachof said distinct areas.


Regulation, subclass 1 for zone con-trol for heating and cooling medium;

subclass 49.3 for electrically actuatedventilator; and subclass 49.4 for pneu-matically actuated ventilator.

213 Mixing within zone of recirculated zone airand supply air adjacent zone inlet(e.g.,induction unit, etc.):This subclass is indented under subclass 212.Subject matter wherein an air inlet dischargesheated or cooled supply air from the commonair supply source to said distinct area; and fur-ther including means transporting used air froma location within the distinct area to a locationat or near the air inlet for mixing the used airwith the supply air.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:123, for heat exchange apparatus with

injector-type gas pump.


Regulation, subclass 13 for controldevices associated with plenum-typesystem having mixing fluid of dissim-ilar temperature.

454, Ventilation, subclasses 228 through236 for ventilation system havingforced recirculation; subclasses 261through 269 for ventilation systemhaving structure for mixing plural airstreams together.

214 Including a fan (e.g., fancoil unit, etc.):This subclass is indented under subclass 213.Subject matter wherein the transporting meansincludes a fan.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:454, Ventilation, subclasses 228 through

236 for ventilation system havingforced recirculation; subclass 269 forventilation system having mixed plu-ral air streams and an air pump.

215 Reheat adjacent zone air inlet:This subclass is indented under subclass 212.Subject matter including a heating meanslocated at or near an air discharge opening(e.g., grill, deflector, etc.) from the supplysource to one of said distinct areas; said heatingmeans functioning to heat air from said com-


November 2006

mon air supply source before being dischargedinto said distinct area.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:50, for room heat exchangers with central

fluid supply; subclass 228 for a heat-ing and cooling system having meansto reheat cooled air down stream of anindirect contact cooling means; sub-classes 263 + for a heating and cool-ing system having opposed andcompensating heating and coolingmeans.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:62, Refrigeration, subclasses 90 and 173

for refrigeration system with reheat-ing; subclasses 428+ for refrigerationsystem having means for directing gasover heat rejector.

216 Mixing of separate centrally supplied hotand cold air stream before discharge intoeach zone (e.g., dual duct, etc.):This subclass is indented under subclass 212.Subject matter including a means for separatelydirecting heated or cooled air from said com-mon supply air source toward said distinctareas; and further including means to mix saidseparately directed heated air with said sepa-rately directed cool air before being dischargedinto said distinct areas.


Regulation, subclass 1 for zone con-trol for heating and cooling medium;subclass 1 for heating and coolingcontrol devices; subclasses 12.1+ forcontrol devices associated with struc-ture having mixing fluid of dissimilartemperature; subclass 13 for controldevices associated with a plenum-typestructure having mixing fluid of dis-similar temperature; subclass 49.3 forelectrically actuated ventilator; andsubclass 49.4 for pneumatically actu-ated ventilator.

454, Ventilation, subclasses 261 through269 for ventilation system havingstructure for mixing plural airstreams.

217 Volume flow of discharged air at dischargeinto zone modulated by zone heating or cool-ing load (e.g., variable air volume, etc.):This subclass is indented under subclass 212.Subject matter wherein a volume of air fromthe common supply air source discharged intoone of said distinct areas is controlled by ameans which regulates air flow responsive tothe difference between a set point temperatureand a measured temperature of the distinctarea.


Regulation, subclass 1 for zone con-trol for heating and cooling medium;subclass 1 for heating and coolingcontrol devices; subclass 49.3 forelectrically actuated ventilator; andsubclass 49.4 for pneumatically actu-ated ventilator.

218 Central temperature conditioned liquid sup-plied to each zone:This subclass is indented under subclass 205.Subject matter including a common liquid sup-ply source capable of supplying heated orcooled liquid to each of said distinct areas.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:62, Refrigeration, subclass 185 for con-

trol of indirect heat transfer liquid;subclass 201 for control of refrigera-tion producer by external cooled liq-uid or holdover; subclass 434 forrefrigeration system having an inter-mediate fluid container and a flowline connected transfer fluid supplyand heat exchanger; and subclass 435for refrigeration system having anintermediate fluid container and anindirect fluid pump or agitator.

236, Automatic Temperature and HumidityRegulation, subclasses 34+ and 36+for control of cooling or heating radia-tors.

237, Heating Systems, subclass 2 for heat-ing systems with automatic controls;subclasses 59+ for water circulationof heating system; and appropriatesubclasses for a heat producer com-bined with means for distributing afluid heated thereby, or for apparatus


1November 2006

including systems for heating a room,chamber, house, or other inclosingstructure when such apparatus is notequally adapted for cooking.

219 Separate supply and return mains (e.g., twopipe system, etc.):This subclass is indented under subclass 218.Subject matter including a first distinct supplyconduit extending between the common liquidsupply source and a heat exchanger in a distinctarea for supplying liquid to the heat exchanger;and further including a first distinct return con-duit extending from the heat exchanger to thecommon liquid supply source for returning liq-uid to the common supply source.

220 Additional supply main (e.g., three pipe sys-tem, etc.):This subclass is indented under subclass 219.Subject matter further including a second dis-tinct supply conduit extending between thecommon liquid supply source and the heatexchanger.

221 Additional return main (e.g., four pipe sys-tem, etc.):This subclass is indented under subclass 220.Subject matter further including a second dis-tinct return conduit extending from the heatexchanger to the common liquid supply source.

222 Humidity control:This subclass is indented under subclass 201.Subject matter further including means to con-trol atmospheric water vapor content in thearea.


With Solids, subclass 50 for dryingapparatus with a humidity controllerfor the contacting gas.

62, Refrigeration, subclasses 176.1+ forrefrigeration system with humiditysensor.

236, Automatic Temperature and HumidityRegulation, subclasses 44+ forhumidity control devices; subclass 91for thermostatic control of hot andcold with humidity sensor.

223 Humidity sensor measures humidity of airin conditioned space:This subclass is indented under subclass 222.Subject matter including a first sensing meansto determine the atmospheric water vapor con-tent in the area to be heated or cooled.

224 Additional humidity sensor (e.g., locatedoutside of conditioned space, etc.):This subclass is indented under subclass 223.Subject matter further including a second sens-ing means to determine atmospheric watervapor content in the area or in another location.

225 Humidity sensor controls indirect-contactcooling means:This subclass is indented under subclass 223.Subject matter wherein said sensing meanssenses a signal to control a humidity adjustor;said humidity adjustor comprising a coolingdevice in which a conditioning fluid flowingthrough the cooling device is separated from afluid flowing over said cooling device by a heattransfer surface.

226 Liquid spray onto indirect-contact coolingmeans:This subclass is indented under subclass 225.Subject matter including a means to spray a liq-uid onto the heat transfer surface of the humid-ity adjustor.


Regulation, subclass 44 for control ofhumidity with evaporator coolingspray.

227 Air bypass of indirect-contact coolingmeans:This subclass is indented under subclass 225.Subject matter including a means to direct aportion of the air through an alternative air pas-sage around said humidity adjustor.

228 Reheat of cooled air downstream of indirect-contact cooling means:This subclass is indented under subclass 225.Subject matter including a means locateddownstream of the humidity adjustor to heatthe air after the air passes through the humidityadjustor.


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eration system with reheating; sub-class 176.5 for refrigeration systemwith humidity sensor and control ofair heater (e.g., reheat pump, etc.).

229 Humidity sensor controls humidifier:This subclass is indented under subclass 223.Subject matter wherein the humidity sensorcontrols a device to add moisture to the atmo-sphere in the area.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:60, for heating and cooling heat exchange

apparatus having gas liquid contactor.


eration system having gas liquid con-tact cooler.

122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, appro-priate subclasses for a closed liquidheating vessel with a heat generator.

126, Stoves and Furnaces, appropriate sub-classes, for open liquid heating struc-tures not equally adapted for cooling,for heating stoves, for means for theapplication of heat for house warmingand cooking purposes, and for spe-cialized accessories and elements ofsuch means.

261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus,appropriate subclasses for apparatusspecially adapted to produce an inti-mate contact between gases and liq-uids to exchange properties ormutually modify conditions; particu-larly, subclasses 129+ for gas and liq-uid contact apparatus having tempera-ture or humidity sensor; subclass 131for gas and liquid contact apparatushaving control of heat supply or heateffect.

230 Dewpoint controlled (e.g., control of coolingmeans by downstream temperature sensorto maintain controlled dewpoint of down-stream air, etc.):This subclass is indented under subclass 222.Subject matter including a means to control thetemperature of the atmosphere so as to produce

a vapor saturated or nearly vapor saturatedatmosphere.


eration producer having a compressoror its drive controlled by externalcooled gas.

231 Congealed material (e.g., frost, etc.) or con-densation removal or prevention:This subclass is indented under subclass 201.Subject matter including a first means respon-sive to accumulation of congealed material ona surface of the system or on another surface ofthe heated or cooled area to eliminate suchmaterial; or a second means to inhibit freezingor condensation of moisture on said surfaces.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:62, Refrigeration, subclasses 80 through

82 for refrigeration system havingdefrosting or frost inhibiting mecha-nism; subclasses 150 through 156 forrefrigeration system having means forpreventing, removing, or handlingatmospheric condensate.

232 Operated by timer or programmer:This subclass is indented under subclass 231.Subject matter including a means for measur-ing or recording time; or a device for control-ling the heat transfer apparatus at apredetermined time; or a means for schedulingor coordinating the performance of a repetitivesequence of operations; wherein said means ordevice selects a period of time that said first orsecond means operated.


eration system having defrostingmeans and a time or program actuator.

233 Operated by temperature sensor:This subclass is indented under subclass 231.Subject matter including a temperature sensingmeans for controlling the action of said first orsecond means.


eration system having defrosting


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means controlled by a temperaturesensor.

234 Control of static pressure of conditionedspace:This subclass is indented under subclass 201.Subject matter including a means to control thepressure within the area.


subclass 1 for static structures con-trolled by condition responsivemeans.

236, Automatic Temperature and HumidityRegulation, subclass 49.3 for electri-cally actuated ventilators.

454, Ventilation, subclasses 70 through 74 for vehicle ventilation system havingpressure regulating means; subclasses238, 255, 340 for ventilation systemhaving pressure regulating means.

235 Space is within aircraft:This subclass is indented under subclass 234.Subject matter wherein the area is a condi-tioned space in an aircraft.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:454, Ventilation, subclasses 71 through 74

for aircraft cabin ventilation systemhaving pressure regulating means.

236 Control of heat storage:This subclass is indented under subclass 201.Subject matter wherein the system includes abody of material capable of absorbing heat orcold; and a further includes a means to controlthe amount of heat or cold absorbed.


eration processes including accumu-lating holdover ice.

237 Means responsive to occupancy of space:This subclass is indented under subclass 201.Subject matter including means to control thesystem in response to the presence of a livingbeing in the area.

238 Means storing set point for particular timeof day (e.g., clock thermostat, etc.):This subclass is indented under subclass 201.Subject matter including means for retainingan operating setting for the system and imple-menting said operating setting at a pre-deter-mined time of day.


for refrigeration system having timeor program actuator.

236, Automatic Temperature and HumidityRegulation, subclass 46 for tempera-ture and humidity control deviceswith timing element.

392, Electric Resistance Heating Devices, subclass 345 for electric resistanceheating devices with means to controlheating accumulating medium.

239 Means to compute time required to reachcertain temperature by certain time of day(e.g., morning warm-up, etc.):This subclass is indented under subclass 238.Subject matter having additional means to cal-culate the length of time necessary to attain agiven temperature by the predetermined timeof day.

240 Heat pump and supplemental heat source:This subclass is indented under subclass 201.Subject matter wherein said system is a revers-ible vapor-compression refrigeration producerin which the heating effect of said refrigerationproducer is augmented by an additional heatsource.


56 for refrigeration system havingdefrosting means; subclass 160 forautomatic control of refrigeration sys-tem of selective heating or cooling(reversible cycle-type); subclasses238.6 and 238.7 for heat pump.

237, Heating Systems, subclass 2 for auto-matic control of a heat pump.


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241 Change-over from heat pump operation tosupplemental heat source operation alone:This subclass is indented under subclass 240.Subject matter including means to convertoperation from said reversible refrigerationproducer, with or without operation of saidadditional heat source, to operating in a modewherein said additional heat source is usedexclusively.

242 Responsive to outdoor temperature:This subclass is indented under subclass 241.Subject matter wherein said converting meansreacts to outdoor temperature.

243 Means to reset supply air temperature orsupply water temperature as function ofheat load:This subclass is indented under subclass 201.Subject matter wherein the system supplies airor water to heat or cool said area; and whereinmeans is provided to alter a preset temperaturesetting of said supply air or water in responseto a change in heating or cooling requirementin the area.

(1) Note. An example of heat load: tempera-ture difference between set point andmeasured temperature of an area, tem-perature difference between a chosenreference temperature and a measuredoutdoor temperature, etc.


Regulation, subclasses 34 and 36 forautomatic control of cooling or heat-ing radiators; subclass 91 for thermo-static control of hot and cold with atleast one temperature sensor for tem-perature modifying media.

244 Means to control fan or pump to regulatesupply air flow or supply water flow:This subclass is indented under subclass 201.Subject matter wherein the system supplies airby a fan or water by a pump to heat or cool saidarea; and wherein means is provided to alter acharacteristic of the fan or pump (e.g., fanspeed, volume, etc.) to control the rate at whichair or water is delivered to said area.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:50, for room heat exchangers with central

fluid supply.


Regulation, subclass 49.3 for an elec-trically actuated ventilator.

417, Pumps, subclasses 1+ for conditionresponsive control of pump drivemotor.

245 Low flow during heating and high flow dur-ing cooling:This subclass is indented under subclass 244.Subject matter wherein the delivered rate isgreater during a cooling mode than during aheating mode.

246 Responsive to pressure:This subclass is indented under subclass 244.Subject matter wherein the delivered rate isvaried according to a measured pressure.

247 Responsive to temperature:This subclass is indented under subclass 244.Subject matter wherein the delivered rate isvaried according to a measured temperature.

248 Flow of air from outdoors controlled (e.g.,minimum outside air, etc.):This subclass is indented under subclass 201.Subject matter including a means to regulatethe amount of outdoor air admitted to theheated or cooled area.


Regulation, subclasses 49.1 through49.5 for automatic temperature andhumidity control of ventilators.

454, Ventilation, subclasses 70, 238, 255,and 340 for devices for maintainingthe pressure in an enclosure where nospecific heating or cooling means areincluded; subclasses 228+ for venti-lating system having forced recircula-tion; subclass 239 for control ofventilating system having inlet andoutlet airways; subclass 256 for con-trol of ventilating system having inletairway; and appropriate subclasses for


1November 2006

apparatus for supplying air to, remov-ing it from, or distributing air in anenclosure with or without heating andwithout a specific heat exchangemeans.

249 Proportion of outdoor air and return aircontrolled:This subclass is indented under subclass 248.Subject matter including means to recycle airin the area; and further including means to reg-ulate the ratio of outdoor air relative to anamount of recycle air.

250 Outdoor air used in lieu of operating heat-ing or cooling means (e.g., economy cycle,etc.):This subclass is indented under subclass 249.Subject matter further including a controlmeans to allow the admittance of substantiallyone hundred percent outdoor air to conditionthe area instead of operating a heating or cool-ing means of said heating and cooling system.

251 Enthalpy sensor:This subclass is indented under subclass 250.Subject matter and further including a sensorwhich senses temperature and humidity of air.


Regulation, digest 13 for humidither-mostat.

252 Pre-heat or pre-cool of outdoor air beforemixing with returned air:This subclass is indented under subclass 248.Subject matter including means to recycle airin the area; and wherein the admitted outdoorair is heated or cooled by passing through aheating or cooling means before mixing withthe recycle air in the area.


eration processes including pluralcooling (e.g., precooling by exhaust,etc.).

253 Temperature sensor controlling tempera-ture:This subclass is indented under subclass 201.Subject matter including a sensing means forsensing temperature in said area and control-

ling said system in responsive to said sensedtemperature.


Regulation, appropriate subclasses forautomatic temperature and humiditycontrol mechanisms.

254 System selects heating or cooling mode auto-matically (e.g., responsive to season, ambi-ent light, temperature in conditioned area,etc.):This subclass is indented under subclass 253.Subject matter including a means for switchingbetween heating or cooling operation withoutmanual intervention by an operator.


Regulation, subclass 1 for heating andcooling control devices; subclasses91+ for thermostatic control of hotand cold.

255 Dead band between heating and cooling: This subclass is indented under subclass 254.Subject matter including a temperature rangeabout a set point temperature in which neither aheating or a cooling means of said system isactivated.

256 Variable rate of heating or cooling (e.g., plu-ral stages, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 254.Subject matter wherein said system is capableof operating to provide variable quantity ofheating or cooling energy per unit time to saidarea.


Regulation, subclasses 1+ for multi-stage control devices.

257 Room and ambient temperature sensors: This subclass is indented under subclass 254.Subject matter including a temperature sensorin said area and further including an outdoortemperature sensor.


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Regulation, subclass 91 for automaticthermostatic control of heating andcooling; subclass 91 for automaticthermostat control of hot and cold forplural rooms or plural outside thermo-stats.

258 Separate heating and cooling thermostats: This subclass is indented under subclass 254.Subject matter including a first device whichmeasures changes in temperature and controlsa heating means; and a second device whichmeasures changes in temperature and controlsa cooling means to maintain desired tempera-ture.


Regulation, subclass 1 for heating andcooling control devices.

259 Single temperature sensing means: This subclass is indented under subclass 254.Subject matter wherein said switching meanscomprises only one temperature sensor.


Regulation, subclass 1 for heating andcooling control devices.

260 Variable rate of heating or cooling (e.g., plu-ral stages, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 253.Subject matter wherein said system is capableof operating to provide variable quantity ofheating or cooling energy per unit time to saidarea.


Regulation, subclasses 1+ for multi-stage control devices.

261 Sequentially activated heat sources or coolsources: This subclass is indented under subclass 260.Subject matter including a plurality of heatingmeans initiated one after another or a pluralityof cooling means initiated one after another.

262 Timer:This subclass is indented under subclass 261.Subject matter wherein said plurality of heatingor cooling means are operated by a means formeasuring or recording time, or by a device forcontrolling the heat transfer apparatus at a pre-determined time.

263 Area receives conditioning from simulta-neously operated heating and cooling means(e.g., opposed and compensating heatingand cooling, etc.): This subclass is indented under subclass 253.Subject matter wherein means supplying heat-ing and means supplying cooling operates atthe same time and both supplies their respec-tive output to the same area.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:215, for a heat exchange apparatus with

reheat adjacent zone air inlet.

264 Simultaneous heating and cooling only inlimited range around set point temperature:This subclass is indented under subclass 263.Subject matter wherein the area is heated andcooled at the same time only when a measuredtemperature is within a limited range around apre-determined desired temperature.

265 Manual changeover between heating andcooling modes (e.g., manual override, etc.):This subclass is indented under subclass 253.Subject matter including a means for allowingan operator to switch between heating andcooling operations.


164 for a refrigeration system havingcorrelated manual or external operatorand condition sensing means (e.g., cutoff or reset, etc.).

266 Preheat or pre-cool of space or device dur-ing start-up:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Subject matter wherein the heat transfer appa-ratus effects a temperature change in an occu-pied space or during use of a device andwherein there is further included a means toattain a pre-determined temperature immedi-


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ately prior to occupancy of the space or use ofthe device.


Regulation, subclasses 46+ for auto-matic temperature and humidity con-trol devices with timing element.

267 Means to heat or cool for predeterminedperiods of time (e.g., duty cycle, time-tem-perature profiler, etc.):This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Subject matter wherein said instrument con-trols the heat transfer apparatus to cause theapparatus to operate for a pre-set interval oftime.


Regulation, subclass 46 for automatictemperature and humidity controldevices with timer other than clock.

268 Pre-determined time variable set point:This subclass is indented under subclass 267.Subject matter wherein said instrument furtherincludes a means to set a pre-determined timevarying set-point for said heat transfer appara-tus to cause the apparatus to follow the setpoint during said pre-set interval of time.

269 Duty cycle (e.g., pulse duration or pulse fre-quency modulation, etc.):This subclass is indented under subclass 267.Subject matter wherein said instrument outputsa plurality of electrical pulses to actuate theheat transfer apparatus in a pulsed manner, saidpulses being of extremely short duration (e.g.,less than one second, etc.) and the frequency,duration or ratio of on-to-off time of the pulsewithin a given time interval is controlled by theinstrument.


Regulation, subclass 46 for automatictemperature and humidity controldevices with timer other than clock.

251, Valves and Valve Actuation, subclass129.05 for electrically actuated valveshaving means to produce digitalpulses.

270 Time delay:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Subject matter wherein said instrument acceptsan input signal and waits for a time intervalbefore initiating an output signal.


refrigeration system having timedelay of condition sensing or controloperation.

271 Vehicle or engine speed responsive:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Subject matter wherein said instrument sensesand reacts to the velocity of a vehicle or vehi-cle engine.


refrigeration system responsive tovehicle body motion or traction.

272 Control of heat pipe heat transfer character-istics:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Subject matter wherein said heat transfer appa-ratus comprises a substantially sealed cavitycontaining a liquid, heat being absorbed in oneportion of said cavity by vaporization of theliquid and released in a second portion of saidcavity by condensation of the vapor, the con-densed vapor being recycled for subsequentevaporization; and further including means tocontrol the vaporization, condensation or recy-cling.

273 Control of quantity of inert gas:This subclass is indented under subclass 272.Subject matter including a means to control theamount of inert gas present within said cavity.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:104.32, for heat exchange apparatus having

intermediate liquid fluent heatexchange material with pressurizingor degassifying means; subclasses281+ for heat exchange apparatushaving fluid pressure responsive orcontrol.


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274 Control of vapor or liquid flow betweenevaporator and condenser sections (e.g., byvariable restrictions, check valves, etc.):This subclass is indented under subclass 272.Subject matter wherein the control means con-trols the transport of vapor from said one por-tion to said second portion or the transport ofrecycled liquid from said second portion to saidfirst portion.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:104.22+,for heat exchange apparatus having

intermediate liquid fluent heatexchange material utilizing change ofstate and including means to move theheat exchange material in liquid state.

275 Control of amount of conductive gas in con-fined space between heat source and heatsink:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Subject matter wherein said heat transfer appa-ratus comprises a substantially sealed cavitycontaining a gas which does not change phaseduring operation of said apparatus, heat beingconducted through said gas from one portion ofsaid cavity to a second portion of said cavity;and further including means to control thequantity of said gas within said cavity.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:104.32, for heat exchange apparatus having

intermediate liquid fluent heatexchange material with pressurizingor degassifying means; subclasses281+ for heat exchange apparatushaving fluid pressure responsive orcontrol; subclass 917 for heatexchange apparatus having pressur-ization and/or degassification.

276 Control of variable thermal conductivitysystems (e.g., heat valves, etc.):This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Subject matter wherein said heat transfer appa-ratus comprises a gaseous, liquid or solid heatconductive path between a heat source and aheat sink; and further including means to con-trol the thermal conductivity of said path (e.g.,by severing the conductive path or by changing

its cross-sectional area, electrically chargingsaid path, etc.)

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:86+, for heat exchange apparatus having

movable heating or cooling surface;subclasses 96+ for heat exchangeapparatus with adjustor for heat flowor for heat exchange material flow;subclass 185 for heat transmitter.

277 Solid heat transfer path: This subclass is indented under subclass 276.Subject matter wherein said heat conductivepath is formed by a solid material.

278 Vent of system (e.g., overpressure, overtem-perature, removal of noncondensable, etc.):This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Subject matter wherein said heat transfer appa-ratus includes a confined volume containing aheat transfer fluid within; and further includingmeans to allow the escape of fluid from saidconfined volume.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:71, for heat exchange apparatus with

purge, or drainage, cock or plug; sub-class 104.32 for heat exchange appa-ratus having intermediate liquid fluentheat exchange material with pressur-izing or degassifying means; subclass917 for heat exchange apparatus hav-ing pressurization and/or degassifica-tion.


Regulation, subclass 92 for thermo-static control of hot and cold withdiverse sensor (e.g., humidity, pres-sure, etc.).

279 Pressure and temperature responsive orcontrol:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Subject matter wherein the heat transfer appa-ratus has control means reacting to both pres-sure and temperature conditions or controllingboth pressure and temperature conditions of theheat transfer apparatus.


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Regulation, subclass 92 for thermo-static control of hot and cold withdiverse sensor (e.g., humidity, pres-sure, etc.), subclass 92 for thermo-static control of heating and cooling.

280 Bypass of heat exchanger responsive to bothtemperature and pressure: This subclass is indented under subclass 279.Subject matter wherein the heat transfer appa-ratus comprises a heat exchanger having a fluidpassing through it and an auxiliary passagewayin parallel flow connection with the heatexchanger to permit the fluid to go aroundrather than through the heat exchanger, theauxiliary passageway having a means to con-trol flow through it which is responsive to bothtemperature and pressure.


Regulation, subclass 34.5 for auto-matic temperature and humidity con-trol of cooling radiator having bypass;subclasses 92+ for thermostatic con-trol of hot and cold with pressure con-trol.

281 Fluid pressure responsive or control:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Subject matter wherein the heat transfer appa-ratus includes a heat exchange fluid, and fur-ther includes means to control the pressure ofsuch fluid, or wherein the heat transfer appara-tus includes a device responsive to fluid pres-sure to control the apparatus.


Regulation, subclasses 92+ for ther-mostatic control of hot and cold withpressure control; appropriate sub-classes for automatic temperature andhumidity control devices.

282 Branched flow of heat exchange material:This subclass is indented under subclass 281.Subject matter wherein the heat transfer appa-ratus comprises a main conduit for the flow ofa heat exchange fluid, the main conduit beingdivided at a predetermined location into at least

two sub-conduits, each of the sub-conduitsbeing in parallel flow relation with the other.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:101, for heat exchange apparatus having

control of flow through parallel heat-ing or cooling means.

283 Bypass of heat exchanger:This subclass is indented under subclass 282.Subject matter wherein one of the sub-conduitsis connected to a heat exchanger and the othersub-conduit is an auxiliary passageway to per-mit the fluid to go around rather than throughthe heat exchanger.


Regulation, subclass 34.5 for auto-matic temperature and humidity con-trol of cooling radiator having bypass.

284 Differential pressure operated bypass:This subclass is indented under subclass 283.Subject matter wherein the auxiliary passage-way has a means to control flow through itwhich is responsive to the existence of a fluidpressure differential between an inlet and anoutlet end of the auxiliary passageway.

285 Flow of one heat exchange material con-trolled by the pressure of another:This subclass is indented under subclass 281.Subject matter wherein the heat transfer appa-ratus has first and second fluids flowingthrough it and the amount of the first fluidflowing through the heat transfer apparatus iscontrolled by the pressure of the second fluid.

286 Flow of one heat exchange material con-trolled by its own pressure:This subclass is indented under subclass 281.Subject matter wherein the heat transfer appa-ratus has a fluid flowing through it and theamount of the fluid flowing through the heattransfer apparatus is controlled by its own pres-sure.

287 Temperature responsive or control:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Subject matter wherein the heat transfer appa-ratus has control means reacting to a tempera-


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ture level or controlling a temperature level ofthe heat transfer apparatus.


Regulation, subclasses 91+ for ther-mostatic control of hot and cold;appropriate subclasses for automatictemperature and humidity controldevices; subclasses 99+ for automatictemperature and humidity controldevices associated with system havingexpanding fluid.

288 Plural temperature sensors:This subclass is indented under subclass 287.Subject matter wherein said control means isconnected to more than one means to sensetemperature.


Regulation, subclass 78 for automatictemperature and humidity controldevices associated with electricmotors and having plural temperaturesensors; subclass 80 for automatictemperature and humidity controldevices associated with fluid operatedmotors and having plural temperaturesensors; subclass 99 for automatictemperature and humidity controldevices associated with system havingexpanding fluid and having externaland internal sensors.

289 Means to maintain a constant temperaturedifference between a measured temperatureand a controlled temperature:This subclass is indented under subclass 288.Subject matter wherein a first of sensor meansmeasures temperature at a first location and asecond of said sensor means measures temper-ature at a second location; and wherein saidcontroller is operated to maintain the tempera-ture at said second location at a pre-determineddifference in value with respect to said temper-ature at said first location.

290 Temperature sensor within or near an areato be conditioned, another temperature sen-

sor near the conditioning equipment (e.g.,shallow/deep, etc.):This subclass is indented under subclass 288.Subject matter wherein one temperature sens-ing means is located at or in close proximity toan area whose temperature is to be controlled,and wherein another temperature sensingmeans is located in close proximity to a meansused to thermally condition the temperaturecontrolled area.


Regulation, subclass 91 for automatictemperature and humidity controldevices associated with plural roomsor plural outside thermostats.

291 Temperature sensor inside conditionedspace, another temperature sensor outdoor(e.g. indoor set point adjusted by outdoorconditions, etc.):This subclass is indented under subclass 288.Subject matter wherein one temperature sens-ing means is located within an area to be condi-tioned, and another temperature sensing meansis located outdoors.


Regulation, subclass 68 for automatictemperature and humidity controldevices associated with motors andauxiliary heater applied to main tem-perature sensing means; subclass 68for automatic temperature and humid-ity control devices associated withmotors and auxiliary heater applied tocontrol device away from main tem-perature sensor; subclass 91 for auto-matic temperature and humiditycontrol devices associated with pluralrooms or plural outside thermostats.

292 Temperature sensor in treated fluid, anothertemperature sensor in treating fluid:This subclass is indented under subclass 288.Subject matter wherein the heat transfer appa-ratus comprises a heat exchanger having atreated fluid and a treating fluid in heatexchange relationship with one another,wherein one temperature sensing means mea-sures treated fluid temperature and another


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temperature sensing means measures treatingfluid temperature.


Regulation, subclass 91 for thermo-static control of hot and cold with atleast one temperature sensor.

293 Temperature sensor prior to heat exchangerand one after:This subclass is indented under subclass 288.Subject matter wherein the heat transfer appa-ratus comprises a heat exchanger having a fluidflowing through it and wherein one tempera-ture sensing means is located upstream of theheat exchanger and another temperature sens-ing means is located downstream of the heatexchanger.

294 Branched flow of heat exchange material:This subclass is indented under subclass 288.Subject matter wherein the heat transfer appa-ratus comprises a main conduit for the flow ofa heat exchange fluid, the main conduit beingdivided at a predetermined location into at leasttwo subconduits, each of said subconduitsbeing in flow relation with the other.


tortuous and straight through brancheswithin heating or cooling drum.

295 Including mass flow sensor:This subclass is indented under subclass 287.Subject matter and further including a means tomeasure the quantity of fluid flowing throughor around the heat transfer apparatus.


Regulation, subclass 9 for combinedheating and apartment control withheating medium circulation control.

374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, sub-classes 40 and 41 for a device associ-ated with measurement of a quantityof heat which is determined by com-bining flow rate and temperature sig-nals of a heat exchange fluid.

296 Branched flow of heat exchange material:This subclass is indented under subclass 287.Subject matter wherein the heat transfer appa-ratus comprises a main conduit for the flow ofa heat exchange fluid, the main conduit beingdivided at a predetermined location into at leasttwo subconduits, each of said subconduitsbeing in flow relation with the other.


tortuous and straight through brancheswithin heating or cooling drum.

297 Bypass of heat exchanger:This subclass is indented under subclass 296.Subject matter wherein one of the subconduitsis connected to a heat exchanger and the othersubconduit is an auxiliary passageway to per-mit the fluid to go around rather than throughthe heat exchanger.


Regulation, subclass 34.5 for auto-matic temperature and humidity con-trol of cooling radiator having bypass.

298 Mixture temperature sensing:This subclass is indented under subclass 297.Subject matter wherein the auxiliary passage-way branches ahead of, and recombined after,the heat exchanger and wherein the flowthrough the auxiliary passage or heatexchanger is controlled by the temperature ofthe recombined stream.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:137, Fluid Handling, subclasses 88+ for a

fluid handling system having mixturecondition maintaining or sensing.

236, Automatic Temperature and HumidityRegulation, subclasses 12.1+ for con-trol devices associated with mixingfluids of dissimilar temperatures.

299 Flow of one heat exchange material con-trolled by temperature of another:This subclass is indented under subclass 287.Subject matter wherein the heat transfer appa-ratus has first and second fluids flowingthrough it and the amount of the first fluid


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flowing through the heat transfer apparatus iscontrolled by the temperature of the secondfluid.


Regulation, appropriated subclassesfor automatic temperature and humid-ity control devices.

300 Flow of one heat exchange material con-trolled by its own temperature:This subclass is indented under subclass 287.Subject matter wherein the heat transfer appa-ratus has a fluid flowing through it and theamount of the fluid flowing through the heattransfer apparatus is controlled by its own tem-perature.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:62, Refrigeration, subclasses 527, 528 for

evaporator having flow controller orboiling expeditor.

236, Automatic Temperature and HumidityRegulation, subclasses 93+ for ther-mostatic devices associated with con-trolling of fluid; and appropriatedsubclasses for automatic temperatureand humidity control devices.

301 Liquid-level responsive or control means:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Subject matter wherein said instrument sensesand reacts to the height of liquid contained in aliquid holder or regulates said height.


classes 451+ for automatic control offeeders.

137, Fluid Handling, subclass 11 for pro-cesses related to regulating boiler feedwater level.

302 Condenser or evaporator:This subclass is indented under subclass 301.Subject matter wherein said heat transfer appa-ratus is a device structured to convert gas toliquid by reducing its temperature or to convertliquid to gas by addition of heat.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:110+, for heat exchange apparatus having

first fluid holder or collector open tosecond fluid.


for evaporator having flow controlleror boiling expeditor.

303 Cleaning:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Subject matter wherein said instrument con-trols a means for cleaning said heat transferapparatus.


cleaning means.


Cleaning, subclasses 3.5+ for clean-ing means having means to pass asolid cleaning agent and a fluid carrierthrough tubular work; subclasses301+ for installed cleaners involvingno modification of the heatexchanger; subclasses 104.03+ forpipe and tube cleaning implements.

134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact WithSolids, appropriate subclasses forcleaning apparatus of more generalutility.

CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS

900 COOLING TOWERS:Apparatus which cool fluid by indirect heatexchange with outside air.

901 HEAT SAVERS:Apparatus which heats air with the waste heatof domestic flue gases.

902 HEAT STORAGE:Apparatus to store heat other than where pro-vided in class.


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903 CONVECTION:Apparatus having structure peculiar to modify-ing convection characteristics.

904 RADIATION:Apparatus having structure peculiar to modify-ing radiation characteristics.

905 MATERIALS OF MANUFACTURE:Apparatus constructed of special materials.

906 REINFORCEMENT:Apparatus having structure reinforcing an ele-ment of the heat exchanger.

907 POROUS:Apparatus having a porous heat exchange ele-ment.

908 FLUID JETS:Apparatus having structure to form fluid jets toenhance heat transfer.

909 REGENERATION:Apparatus recovering waste heat.

910 TUBE PATTERN:Apparatus having specific tube spacing rela-tionships.

911 VAPORIZATION:Apparatus having vaporization modifyingstructure.

912 COMBINED OR CONVERTIBLE HEATEXCHANGE MODES:Apparatus which has multiple heat exchangemodes.

913 CONDENSATION:Apparatus having condensation modifyingstructure.

914 FILMING:Apparatus having means to form a film on theheat exchange surface.

915 FOAMING:Apparatus having means to form a foam on theheat exchange surface.

916 OIL COOLER:Apparatus for cooling oil.

917 PRESSURIZATION AND/OR DEGASSI-FICATION:Apparatus having means to pressurize ordegasify the heat exchange fluid.

918 HEATED AND COOLED FOOD CABI-NETS AND/OR TRAYS:Apparatus for maintaining food in a heated orcooled condition.

919 Wheeled:This subclass is indented under subclass 918.Apparatus including wheeled movement meanson cabinets or trays.

920 PARTICULATE HEAT EXCHANGE:Apparatus exchanging heat indirectly with par-ticular material.

921 DEW POINT:Apparatus in which gas stream flow tempera-ture is manipulated relative to the dew point ofthe gas stream.

FOREIGN ART COLLECTIONS

The definitions for FOR 100-FOR 131 below corre-spond to the definitions of the abolished subclassesunder Class 165 from which these collections wereformed. See the Foreign Art Collections schedule forspecific correspondences. [Note: The titles and defini-tions for indented art collections include all the detailsof the one(s) that are hierarchically superior.

FOR 100 PROCESS (165/1):Foreign art collections under the class defi-nition.

FOR 101 Heating and cooling (165/2):Foreign art collections for (1) heating at onetime and cooling at another, (2) for bothadding heat to and removing it from thesame material and (3) for separately heatingand cooling distinct external materials.

FOR 102 Humidity adjusting (165/3):Foreign art collections wherein water vaporis added to or removed from air.

FOR 103 TIME OR PROGRAM ACTUATOR(165/12):Foreign art collections whereby (1) the timein which, or length of time taken, to perform


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an operation is controlled, (2) there is a fixedcontinuous sequential or fixed repetitiveoperation by means performing a treatingoperation, or (3) there is a means terminat-ing a single operation in a position to restartan additional cycle, which cycle is morecomplex than a mere starting or stopping ofa single device.

FOR 104 AUTOMATIC CONTROL (165/13):Foreign art collections comprising means tosense an operating condition or change ofoperating condition and exert a control onheating or cooling means or on means han-dling material acted in or to be acted uponby the heating or cooling means.

FOR 105 Heating and cooling (165/14):Foreign art collection in which the controlacts in a system operative to both heat andcool a material external of the system.

FOR 106 With cabin pressure control (165/15):Foreign art collections in which the pressureof a heated and cooled enclosure is con-trolled.

FOR 107 With ventilation control (165/16):Foreign art collections in which there is acontrol of the supply of fresh air.

FOR 108 Defrosting (165/17):Foreign art collection responsive to theaccumulation of congealed material to elim-inate such material.

FOR 109 With control of heat storage (165/18):Foreign art collections with an additionalbody of heat absorbing material spacedtherefrom that controllable temporarilystores heat.

FOR 110 With gas and liquid contact fluid flowcontrol (165/19):Foreign art collections controlling the flowof the gas or liquid in a gas and liquid con-tact device.

FOR 111 By humidity sensor (165/20):Foreign art collections responding to watervapor in the air.

FOR 112 With humidity sensor controlling humid-ity (165/21):

Foreign art collections which senses andeffects a control of the humidity.

FOR 113 Correlation of plural zone controls andcentral system control (165/22):Foreign art collections wherein the interac-tion of the individual controls for a pluralityof zones effects a control action on a centralheating and cooling system.

FOR 114 Responsive to vehicle body motion (165/23):Foreign art collections responsive to anyphase of motion of a vehicle.

FOR 115 With manual control (165/124):Foreign art collections wherein manuallyoperated means is so related to an automaticcontrol as to modify the manner of operationof the automatic control.

FOR 116 Manual selector modifies automatic con-trol (165/25):Foreign art collections wherein the manuallyoperated means modifies the automatic con-trol in providing for heating or cooling.

FOR 117 Single sensor controls both heating andcooling (165/26):Foreign art collections comprising a singlecondition sensor.

FOR 118 Selective heating or cooling (165/27):Foreign art collections comprising selectiveheating-cooling means.

FOR 119 Room and ambient temperature sensors(165/28):Foreign art collections including sensorsthat respond to both the temperature withinand the temperature without an enclosure.

FOR 120 Heat pump with supplemental heat (165/29):Foreign art collections in which the heatingeffect of a heat pump is augmented by a heatsource under the control of a condition sen-sor.

FOR 121 Opposed compensating heating and cool-ing (165/30):Foreign art collections in which a substanceis subjected to simultaneous heating and


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cooling and in which either the heater orcooler is controlled by a condition sensor.

FOR 122 Pressure response or control (165/31):Foreign art collections where the control isof or by pressure.

FOR 123 Temperature of pressure (165/32):Foreign art collections including pressure ortemperature control or response.

FOR 124 With correlated manual actuation (165/33):Foreign art collections having a manuallyactuated device in the control structure.

FOR 125 Branched flow of exchanging fluid (165/34):Foreign art collections wherein the control isof the verging of exchange fluid.

FOR 126 By-pass of heat exchanger (165/35):Foreign art collections in which a linebranches ahead of, and recombines after, aheat exchange section.

FOR 127 Mixture temperature sensing (165/36):Foreign art collections in which the systemis controlled by temperature of the recom-bined stream.

FOR 128 With pressure response (165/37):Foreign art collections also responsive topressure.

FOR 129 Pressure controlled (165/38):Foreign art collections responsive to pres-sure.

FOR 130 Flow of one heat exchanging materialcontrolled by the condition of another(165/39):Foreign art collections responsive to oneexchanging substance controlling the flowof fluid with which it exchanges heat.

FOR 131 Flow of heat exchanging material con-trolled by its own condition (165/40):Foreign art collections responsive to a flow-ing stream of heat exchanging fluid control-ling the flow of the stream.

END

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