Nov 19, 2006 1FKSTA: Cape Town ICT: Education – Technology - Development Uday B. Desai Dept. of...
-
Upload
violet-carter -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
1
Transcript of Nov 19, 2006 1FKSTA: Cape Town ICT: Education – Technology - Development Uday B. Desai Dept. of...
Nov 19, 2006 1FKSTA: Cape Town
ICT: Education – Technology - Development
Uday B. DesaiDept. of Electrical Engineering
IIT-Bombay, PowaiMumbai, India
[email protected]/~ubdesai
Frontiers of Knowledge in Scienceand Technology for Africa.University Leaders’ Forum.Cape Town
Nov 19, 2006 2FKSTA: Cape Town
Indian GDPIndian GDP GDP for India: $650 billion (4GDP for India: $650 billion (4thth based on PPP, 128 based on PPP, 128thth otherwise) otherwise) Rural GDP: $150 billion (25%)Rural GDP: $150 billion (25%) ICT GDP: ~ $25 billionICT GDP: ~ $25 billion
ICT expected to contribute 4.5 to 4.8 % of GDP in the fiscal year ICT expected to contribute 4.5 to 4.8 % of GDP in the fiscal year 2006-20072006-2007
Indian GDP has shown a growth rate of nearly 8% for the past 5 Indian GDP has shown a growth rate of nearly 8% for the past 5 years and growth rate is expected to continue for the next 5 to years and growth rate is expected to continue for the next 5 to 10 years.10 years.
56%
22%
22%
56% of GDP from Service Sector
Nov 19, 2006 3FKSTA: Cape Town
Birds Eye View: ICT Penetration in India and Birds Eye View: ICT Penetration in India and
AfricaAfrica IndiaIndia 20032003 20042004 20052005
PCsPCs 9.379.37 13 mil13 mil 17 mil17 mil
PC penetrationPC penetration 0.89 %0.89 % 1.2 %1.2 % 1.54 %1.54 %
Internet UsersInternet Users 18.5 mil18.5 mil 35 mil35 mil 60 mil60 mil
Internet Internet PenetrationPenetration
1.75 %1.75 % 3.24 %3.24 % 5.44 %5.44 %
Cell Phone UsersCell Phone Users 26 mil26 mil 47 mil47 mil 90 mil90 mil
Cell PenetrationCell Penetration 2.47 %2.47 % 4.37 %4.37 % 8.16 %8.16 %
AfricaAfrica 20032003 20042004 20052005
PCsPCs 11.7 mil11.7 mil 13.5 mil13.5 mil 17.5 mil17.5 mil
PC penetrationPC penetration 1.531.53 1.74 %1.74 % 2.24 %2.24 %
Internet UsersInternet Users 15 mil15 mil 22.5 mil22.5 mil 32 mil32 mil
Internet Internet PenetrationPenetration
1.82 %1.82 % 2.62 %2.62 % 3.7 %3.7 %
Cell Phone UsersCell Phone Users 52.5 mil52.5 mil 80.7 mil80.7 mil 135 mil135 mil
Cell PenetrationCell Penetration 6.25 %6.25 % 9.35 %9.35 % 15 %15 %
• Population 1.19 billion• Median Age 23.5 yrs
Population0.915 bil
Nov 19, 2006 4FKSTA: Cape Town
ICT in India and Africa? ICT in India and Africa?
Computer and Internet Computer and Internet Penetration in India and Africa, Penetration in India and Africa, almost comparablealmost comparable
Number of Internet users in Number of Internet users in India almost twice that in AfricaIndia almost twice that in Africa
Cellular penetration and users Cellular penetration and users much higher in Africamuch higher in Africa
Key Reasons for ICT Key Reasons for ICT flourishing in Indiaflourishing in India
Strong Emphasis on Strong Emphasis on Education even during Education even during hard economic timeshard economic times
English proficiencyEnglish proficiency Liberalization of the Liberalization of the
economy in 1991 by Dr. economy in 1991 by Dr. Manmohan Singh, then Manmohan Singh, then Finance minister and Finance minister and present prime ministerpresent prime minister
Nov 19, 2006 5FKSTA: Cape Town
Education …Education …
IITsIITs
Nov 19, 2006 6FKSTA: Cape Town
Sir Ardeshir Dalal (early 1950s, shortly after independence)
Set up research laboratories Set up research laboratories Led to the establishment of the Led to the establishment of the
Council of Scientific and Industrial Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchResearch (CSIR) (CSIR)
Set up Indian Institutes of Set up Indian Institutes of Technology Technology
Technology Mission Program: Technology Mission Program: Sir Dalal negotiated with the US Sir Dalal negotiated with the US
government for training scientists government for training scientists and engineers under this program.and engineers under this program.
These proposals were implemented when India was going thru difficult economic times Great testimony to the vision of India’s first Prime Minister, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
Three proposals Three proposals (just about the blueprint for (just about the blueprint for
today’s today’s Science and Technology Science and Technology
Research)Research)
Mr. L. S. Chandrakant, a senior official of the Education Ministry framed the IIT Act which gave the IITs a unprecedented autonomy
Sir B.N. Sarkar Committee, planned the first IIT, took MIT as the model
Professor Norman Dahl (Mech. Engrg.) of MIT and his colleagues were the prime movers of IIT Kanpur; a model subsequently followed by all IITs
Nov 19, 2006 7FKSTA: Cape Town
Besides 7 IITs
Kanpur
Kahragpur
Rourkee
There are 18 National Institutes of Technology (NIT)
More recently, IIITs have been started (private and govt. initiatives)
IISc
Key AttributesKey Attributes
• FreedomFreedom• Selection of best studentsSelection of best students
2% of those who appear for 2% of those who appear for the the entrance exa m get inentrance exa m get in
• Long term vision and Long term vision and investment investment
It took IITs after nearly 40 It took IITs after nearly 40 years years to get global recognitionto get global recognition
• Inculcate among them students Inculcate among them students the the spirit of excellence spirit of excellence
• Should not worry about students Should not worry about students going overseas.going overseas.
What was referred to as What was referred to as Brain Brain DrainDrain is is now referred to as Brain Banknow referred to as Brain Bank
Nov 19, 2006 8FKSTA: Cape Town
Early ICT Initiatives:Early ICT Initiatives:
Harness the InternetHarness the Internet
Nov 19, 2006 9FKSTA: Cape Town
ERNET backbone is a judicious mix of terrestrial and satellite-based wide area networks.
Daily traffic over ERNET exceeds 20 Giga Bytes
ERNET ERNET Educational Research NetworkEducational Research Network, was initiated in 1986 by the, then , was initiated in 1986 by the, then Department of Electronics (DoE) (now Department fo Information Department of Electronics (DoE) (now Department fo Information Technology – DIT), with funding support from the Government of Technology – DIT), with funding support from the Government of India and United Nations Development Program (UNDP) India and United Nations Development Program (UNDP)
Today we have several private ISPs
Nov 19, 2006 10FKSTA: Cape Town
Indian Council for Agriculture Research-Net Intranet and Internet for Agricultural Universities and Research institutions
171 institutions have been connected.
Vario
us In
itiativ
es
All India Council of Technical Education
Connectivity to AICTE Recognized Colleges and Regional Centers
48 Institutes connected
Nov 19, 2006 11FKSTA: Cape Town
Gyan Vahini Gyan Vahini (Knowledge Vehicle (Knowledge Vehicle – – Started Recently)Started Recently)
Integrate Internet and Integrate Internet and Intranet tools and Intranet tools and computer aided computer aided techniques into the techniques into the Learning environmentLearning environment
FocusFocus Upgrade the IT Upgrade the IT
infrastructure at all the infrastructure at all the higher learning higher learning institutions in institutions in the country. Connect the country. Connect them on intranet and them on intranet and internet to provide internet to provide multiple education multiple education services within the services within the institution. institution.
Pilot project at Delhi Pilot project at Delhi UniversityUniversity
EDUSATEDUSAT
The first Indian The first Indian satellite exclusively satellite exclusively for serving the for serving the educational sectoreducational sector
Provide interactive Provide interactive satellite based satellite based distance education distance education system for the countrysystem for the country
Operational in 2006Operational in 2006 First phase of Edusat First phase of Edusat
State Network to be State Network to be launched in 9 stateslaunched in 9 states
Jammu and Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, Kerala, Rajasthan , Kerala, Rajasthan , Haryana, Punjab , Haryana, Punjab , Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu , West Bengal Nadu , West Bengal and Uttaranchaland Uttaranchal
Nov 19, 2006 12FKSTA: Cape Town
Today …Today … Internet is ubiquitous Internet is ubiquitous
on all educational on all educational campusescampuses
VSAT based distance VSAT based distance education is picking up education is picking up stronglystrongly
Plans for Internet based Plans for Internet based HDTV quality video for HDTV quality video for tow way interactive tow way interactive distance education. distance education.
For Example:For Example: IIT-Bombay has 14 IIT-Bombay has 14
universities/colleges on universities/colleges on VSAT based Distance VSAT based Distance Education NetworksEducation Networks
Amrita Univ. has 42 Amrita Univ. has 42 universities/colleges on universities/colleges on their VSAT Distanced their VSAT Distanced Education Network Education Network
Nov 19, 2006 13FKSTA: Cape Town
Industry InteractionIndustry Interaction
Nov 19, 2006 14FKSTA: Cape Town
Knowledge (ICT) IndustryKnowledge (ICT) Industry
India has embraced the knowledge industry Fundamental belief:
In 21st century, economic growth and wealth generation are driven by acquisition and use of knowledge
Knowledge: research skills information assessment skills ability to innovate ability to implement capacity to continuously learn
India’s educational base has been a great asset in this endeavor
Nov 19, 2006 15FKSTA: Cape Town
Industry InteractionIndustry Interaction Once the economy was Once the economy was
liberalized (1991), industry –liberalized (1991), industry –academia interaction academia interaction flourished flourished
Industry started looking at IITs in Industry started looking at IITs in all earnest after 1996-98 time all earnest after 1996-98 time frame: frame: Almost 40 years after IITs Almost 40 years after IITs
establishmentestablishment A long sustained vision is A long sustained vision is
mandatorymandatory Industry sponsored projects Industry sponsored projects
increasedincreased IPR sharing is still contentiousIPR sharing is still contentious
Big jump in industrial consultancyBig jump in industrial consultancy Both, IITs and Industry are anxious Both, IITs and Industry are anxious
to partner and leverage each to partner and leverage each others expertiseothers expertise
Today, for Today, for every Rupeeevery Rupee that govt. that govt. gives, IITs and IISc generate about gives, IITs and IISc generate about 0.3 to 0.40.3 to 0.4 RupeesRupees thru industry thru industry interactions, endowments, and interactions, endowments, and sponsored researchsponsored research
Bulk of industry partnership in Bulk of industry partnership in ICT is with multinationals ICT is with multinationals
MicrosoftMicrosoft IntelIntel Analog DevicesAnalog Devices Texas InstrumentsTexas Instruments Bell Labs Bell Labs MotorolaMotorola NokiaNokia EricssonEricsson QualcomQualcom Cisco,Cisco, HP HP …… And Startups And Startups
Indian industry is coming Indian industry is coming forward, but slowlyforward, but slowly
Nov 19, 2006 16FKSTA: Cape Town
Entrepreneurship another route
Nov 19, 2006 17FKSTA: Cape Town
EntrepreneurshipEntrepreneurship Technology Entrepreneurship Technology Entrepreneurship
began at educational began at educational institutions in mid to late 90sinstitutions in mid to late 90s
The drivers for technology The drivers for technology entrepreneurship wereentrepreneurship were Boom in the IT sector across Boom in the IT sector across
the globethe globe Translate Ideas to WealthTranslate Ideas to Wealth IIT alumni played a big role in IIT alumni played a big role in
this boomthis boom In silicon valley, a large In silicon valley, a large
number of startups were by IIT number of startups were by IIT alumnialumni
Latent thirst among faculty Latent thirst among faculty and students to translate their and students to translate their innovations to productsinnovations to products
Strong belief in technology Strong belief in technology entrepreneurship as a driver entrepreneurship as a driver for social changefor social change
• To encourage To encourage entrepreneurship entrepreneurship and foster and foster commercialization commercialization of innovations IITs of innovations IITs and IISc have and IISc have established established business business incubatorsincubators
• Business Business incubators incubators are seen as a link are seen as a link between between mind and mind and marketmarket
Nov 19, 2006 18FKSTA: Cape Town
Some Illustrative Business Some Illustrative Business IncubatorsIncubators
IIT-Madras (early starter)IIT-Madras (early starter) Business incubation led by Business incubation led by
Ashok JhunjhunwalaAshok Jhunjhunwala IIScIISc
Society for Innovation and Society for Innovation and Development (SID)Development (SID)
IIT-DelhiIIT-Delhi Foundation for Innovations Foundation for Innovations
and Technology Transfer and Technology Transfer (FITT)(FITT)
IIT-BombayIIT-Bombay Society for Innovations Society for Innovations
and Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurship (SINE)(SINE)
IIT-KharagpurIIT-Kharagpur Science and Technology Science and Technology
Entrepreneurs Park (STEP) Entrepreneurs Park (STEP) IITKIITK
SIDBI Innovation & SIDBI Innovation & Incubation CentreIncubation Centre ( (SIIC)SIIC)
RBTI: Rural Technology RBTI: Rural Technology Business Incubator Business Incubator (launched by IIT-Madras)(launched by IIT-Madras)
Department of Science Department of Science (DST) supports (DST) supports entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship and knowledge transfer through knowledge transfer through its STEP and Technology its STEP and Technology Business Incubation Business Incubation initiativesinitiatives
There are other private There are other private business incubators in Indiabusiness incubators in India
Nov 19, 2006 19FKSTA: Cape Town
Cluster Approach for Industry-Cluster Approach for Industry-Academia InteractionAcademia Interaction
I am just coming from I am just coming from Mobile Multimedia Mobile Multimedia Workshop in FranceWorkshop in France
Interesting concept for Industry-Academia Interesting concept for Industry-Academia interactioninteraction
Cluster of Cluster of Big enterprisesBig enterprises SME (small and medium enterprises)SME (small and medium enterprises) AcademiaAcademia Number of partners could be 10 to 20Number of partners could be 10 to 20 Clusters in a confined geographical regionClusters in a confined geographical region
I am going to propose to explore this I am going to propose to explore this approach in Indiaapproach in India
Nov 19, 2006 20FKSTA: Cape Town
ICT for Development
Nov 19, 2006 21FKSTA: Cape Town
Extensive Fiber Deployed in India
Serves Bldg 4,5,6
500 mtsFiber drop
Road
Housing Complex A
Serves Bldg 1,2,3
Fiber drop
13
5
64
2
Housing Complex B
25 ~ 30 km
25
km
URBAN
Rural
Fiber to curb is easily available in metros
Even fiber to home is possible
Nov 19, 2006 22FKSTA: Cape Town
Access Technologies in IndiaAccess Technologies in India
LANISPAccess Tech.
(“Last Mile Prob”)
Wired 10/100 Mbps
WiFi 802.11b
(Hot Spot)
Tata
Satyam
Reliance
…
Dial-up
(56.6 Kbps)
DSL
Cable
Modem
Fiber in
the Loop
Wireless
(line of sight)
Cell Phones
corDECT
802.11b Based
802.16d,eBased
WiMax
Nov 19, 2006 23FKSTA: Cape Town
First Initiative for Rural Access: corDECT, developed by TeNeT Group at IIT-
MadrasEarlier version guaranteed 70 kbps
Broadband CorDECT 2 Mbps
Always on, supports telephony
Commercially deployed in few thousand villages
n-Logue; Chirag
Nov 19, 2006 24FKSTA: Cape Town
• Many success stories; all of them very encouraging
• Scalability and sustainability is still and concern
Nov 19, 2006 25FKSTA: Cape Town
Drishtee dot. com Ltd. Drishtee dot. com Ltd. ITC eChoupal ITC eChoupal Kuppam i- community, Kuppam i- community,
Andhra PradeshAndhra Pradesh Akshaya- Kerala Govt's Akshaya- Kerala Govt's
Hundred Percent ICT Hundred Percent ICT Literacy ProjectLiteracy Project
Information Village Information Village Research Project- by M. S. Research Project- by M. S. Swaminathan Research Swaminathan Research Foundation Foundation
TARAhaat TARAhaat GRAMDOOTGRAMDOOT e-Governance projectse-Governance projects … …
Mission 2007 (major initiative)Connecting 100,000 villages
A Large Number of Initiatives
VSAT Connectivity
PURA: ProvidingUrban Amenities toRural Areas
Project drive by President of India
Nov 19, 2006 26FKSTA: Cape Town
Low-Cost Telemed: A3 Remote Patient Monitoring
A3 RPM Server
(GPRS/3G1x& WLANenabled)
Laptop
DesktopBT/WiFiGPRS
Interface
Patient
BP
ECG
Gluco
Oxy mt
Cell Phone(SMS,GPRS,EDGE,
CDMA)
Smart Phone Doctor
GPRS/EDGE/3G1x enabledHealthcare care van
Will have ECG, Oxymt,and other sensors
A3 Wall Set•Communication Sever•Scheduler•Data Multiplexer•Hotlink to doctor
• Protocol converter• wireless communicator
•Patient Data Management Software•Patient Data Repository•Diagnostics Algorithms•Data Mining•Trend Detection Algorithm•Statistical Data Analysis•WML/HTML Server•Hotlink to A3 Wall Set•Hotlink to Doctor (SMS)•Interface to other external health management systems
Web
cam
WiFi /BT
WiFi /BT
WiFi/BT
WiFi /BT
WiFi /BT
Nov 19, 2006 FKSTA: Cape Town 27
Impacting Role for ICT in Impacting Role for ICT in Rural AreasRural Areas
Nov 19, 2006 28FKSTA: Cape Town
Enables the process cash flowEnables the process cash flow Enables villages to be part of the national Enables villages to be part of the national
marketmarket Helps monetize more villagesHelps monetize more villages
Enables alternatives for fair loans Enables alternatives for fair loans Frees the villager from informal sources like Frees the villager from informal sources like
chit funds, money lenders, bishi’s, etc.)chit funds, money lenders, bishi’s, etc.) Enables rural tradeEnables rural trade
ICT will be impacting to rural areas ICT will be impacting to rural areas once itonce it
Nov 19, 2006 29FKSTA: Cape Town
CommunityOrganization
Financial Institutions
ICT for
Development
Technology
Govt./Policy
Education
Industry /Local Entrep.
ICT as a Techno-Socio-Political System
• All components play a critical role• Nevertheless, top three are more critical
Nov 19, 2006 30FKSTA: Cape Town
Concluding Remarks To harness ICT in To harness ICT in
developing nations, developing nations, price point is most price point is most crucialcrucial
In most of the African In most of the African countries, annual cost of countries, annual cost of Internet access is higher Internet access is higher than the average yearly than the average yearly income!income!
Cost of Internet access can Cost of Internet access can be lowered thru be lowered thru
competition, competition, deregulation, deregulation, foreign investments in foreign investments in
Information and Information and Communications Communications Technology sector (ICT)Technology sector (ICT)
and in some cases, and in some cases, government subsidies only government subsidies only in the initial phase.in the initial phase.
Create Impulses.Create Impulses. Impulses pull up the base Impulses pull up the base
and raise the avg. leveland raise the avg. level
India
India
Nov 19, 2006 31FKSTA: Cape Town
“It is not our abilities that will determine what we truly do … it is our choices”
A minor variation on quote by Dumbledore
from Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
Finally …