Noun Clauses & Indirect Speech - AMLA 43W -...
Transcript of Noun Clauses & Indirect Speech - AMLA 43W -...
Noun Clauses & Indirect Speech
Week 13, Mon 11/16/15
Todd Windisch, Fall 2015
Announcements
• Last day for writing packet #2 extra credit is today
• Computer lab on Wednesday:• Building 26B, Room 1555
Updated Schedule
• 11/18 : First drafts of Writing Packet #4, Peer Review• Return Writing Packet #3
• 11/23 : Gerunds & infinitives, indirect speech quiz
• 11/25 : Final drafts of Writing Packet #4
• 11/30 : Review for final grammar, gerunds and infinitives quiz
• 12/2 : Writing Conferences• Extra credit for Writing Packet #3 due
• 12/7 : FINAL EXAM• Extra credit for Reading Response #2 & Writing Packet #4 due
Today’s Agenda
• Collect homework
• Quiz
• Noun clauses & indirect speech
Direct & Indirect Speech
• Direct Speech: to report the exact words someonesaid
• Direct: Todd said, “My favorite food as a child waspickles.”
• Indirect speech (also known as reported speech) refersto a sentence reporting what someone has said.
• Indirect: Todd said (that) his favorite food as a childhad been pickles.
Direct/Quoted Speech (p. 258)
• Need quotation marks
• Todd said, “My favorite food as a child was pickles.”
• Direct speech is introduced by a reporting verb:• Asked
• Claimed
• Said
• Stated
• Told
• Wondered
Try to punctuate these direct quotes:1. Mary said I am starving2. Sam asked Where is the best place to eat around here3. Mary told Sam The best place to eat around here is Jack in the Box.
Exercise 34, p. 259
• Can you add punctuation to this paragraph?
Indirect/Reported Speech (p. 261)
• No quotation marks:
• Todd said (that) his favorite food had been pickles.
• Need a reporting verb (previous slide)
• Usually use a noun clause or phrase to report indirect speech. • Noun clause: (that) her favorite food was French fries.
• Noun clause = dependent clause that replaces a noun in a sentence (subject, object, or complement)
Indirect/Reported Speech• Changing verb tenses (backshift of tense):
Note that the Past Perfect and the Past Perfect Continuous do not change.
Direct speech Indirect speech
Simple Present ➙ Simple Past
Present Progressive ➙ Past Progressive
Present Perfect ➙ Past Perfect
Present Perfect Progressive ➙ Past Perfect Progressive
Simple Past ➙ Past Perfect
Modals: Will, can, may, must ➙ Would, could, might, had to
Imperative ➙ Infinitive
Indirect/Reported Speech
• Changing pronouns, personal and possessive:
Direct speech Reported speech
I me my ➙ he / she him / her his / her
We us ours ➙ they them their
Indirect/Reported Speech• Time expressions:
Direct speech Reported speech
Now ➙ then
(a week) ago ➙ (a week) before or previously
Today/ This day ➙ that day
Tonight/ This Evening ➙ that night/ that evening
Yesterday ➙ the day before/ the previous day
Tomorrow ➙the following day / the next day/ the
day after
Next day / week / month / year ➙the following day / week / month /
year
Last (weekend) ➙The weekend before/the previous
weekend
Indirect/Reported Speech• Place/Time expressions:
Direct speech Reported speech
Here ➙ there
This ➙ that
These ➙ those
Now ➙ Then
Practice!
• Find a partner and come get a handout from the teacher
• One person is student A and one person is student B
• Read the quotes on your handout and have your partner respond with reported speech. You can check their answers on the right side• Student A: “I want candy!”
• Student B: You said that you wanted candy.
• Student A: Correct!
Spoken/Casual English
• In spoken English, we sometimes do not change verbs in a noun clause, especially if what we are reporting happened a short time ago• Yesterday, Amy said, “Jack didn’t come to work.”
• Yesterday, Amy said Jack didn’t come to work.• This is correct when speaking.
• Yesterday, Amy said Jack hadn’t come to work.• This is also correct and more common in writing.
Reporting Verb in Present/Future
• If the reporting verb is in the simple present, present progressive, present perfect, or future, the verb in the noun clause does not change.• Betty says, “I’m going to buy a new car.”
• Betty says that she’s going to buy a new car.
• Betty says that she was going to buy a new car.
HOMEWORK
• When I assign homework from English Grammar, there is a specific way I would like you to do your homework:• Complete the homework on a separate sheet of paper (not in your book)
• Correct your own homework using the answer key in the back of the book
• Try to understand why you got the answer wrong; if you cannot find out why, make a note and ask me during class
• Tonight’s homework:• Chapter 12: Exercise 33, 37, 42, & 44