Notes: Pedigrees

engage/warmupSarah had to create a family

tree of her Dad’s family for her school project Help her fill out her tree!

Sarah has a brother named Ted. Their dad’s name is Jackson. Jackson has an older brother name Sam. Sam has two kids Alex and Julie. Sarah was named after her Grandma

SARAH

ReflectionWhat kind of information do

family trees give?

What kind of information do family trees not give?

Why would it be helpful to know this information?

SARAH

Pedigree

• A pedigree is a chart of the genetic history of family over several generations.

Pedigree Key

= females• = males• = female that

expresses the trait• = male that

expresses the trait• = marriage• = offspring

Molly arthur

Bill Delenor

Victoria Dominique LouisFred

George Angelina

Roxanna

Harriet

AlbusLilyJames

Ginny

MollyLucy

Percy Audry

Teddy

Jon

Hugo Rose

RonHave hitchHikers thumb

BillAngelinaAlbusRoxana

4 types of Pedigree Charts

1. X- linkedMost of the males inherit

the disorder

*If the mother is a carrier of or is affected by a sex linked trait her son’s are almost always affected… B/c Boy’s only receive one X-chromosome, they express EVERYTHING that’s on it!

Ex. Colorblindness

4 types of Pedigree Charts2. Autosomal

-a 50/50 ratio between men and women

Ex. Sickle cell

4 types of Pedigree Charts

3. Dominant- one of the parents must have the disorder.

Ex. Huntingtons disease

4 types of Pedigree Charts

4. Recessive, -neither parent has the disorder because they are heterozygous. (carriers)

Ex. Cystic fibrosis

Example of Pedigree Charts

• 1. how many are affected? • 2. Is it Autosomal or X-linked?• 3. Is it Dominant or recessive?

Example of Pedigree Charts• 4.How many generations?• 5. Dominant or Recessive?

6. . Autosomal or X-linked?

Example of Pedigree Charts

What is the genotype of the grandather?

Draw out this pedigreeGrandma Maria married Grandpa Joe who

has diabetes. They had 3 children Sarah, Mike and Chris. Mike and Sarah both have Diabetes. Sarah married and had two girls one which has diabetes. Mike did not marry. Chris married a woman with diabetes and had a boy without diabetes.

Draw out this pedigreeLarry’s mother Anette married his father Alex. They had 4 kids, larry, sarah, indy, and jack. Jack and sarah have star shaped mole just like their mother. Larry and Indy do not have the mole. Larry married lisa and had two girls both of which have the star shaped mole.

Tues/wed

Warm-up

Practice…

Draw out this pedigree & label the possible Genotype: (curly hair is recessive to straight hair)

David Jr.’s mother Maria married his father David . They had 4 kids, David Jr, Raul, Missy,and jack. Jack and Raul have curly hair just like their mother. Missy and David Jr. do not. David Jr .married Lisa and had two girls, both of which have curly hair.

Today’s Assignment1. Working in Groups of 3, Read your

scenario and draw a complete pedigree chart.

Your chart must include….1. Title2. All family members3. Key of symbols4. Genotype for all possible family

members (aa, AA, or Aa)5. The type of pedigree it is

1. X-linked, autsomal, dominant or recessive

6. You only get to ask me for help TWICE! So use your group members first.

Readings NICE HAIR!

Humans may have a peaked or smooth hairline. Peaked is dominant to smooth. If a man and a woman both have a smooth hairline, none of their children will have peaked hairlines. How is a peaked hairline most likely inherited? Draw a pedigree for a family where one parent and two of three children have a peaked hairline. One of the children with a peaked hairline marries an individual with a smooth hairline. Their children both have a peaked hairline. Identify the genotypes and phenotypes of each individual.

You’re so Nutty!

Almond shaped eyes are a dominant eye-shape allele and round eyes are recessive. An almond-eyed woman whose father had round eyes and whose mother had almond eyes marries a almond-eyed man whose parents are also almond-eyed. They have a son who is round-eyed. Please draw a pedigree showing all four grandparents, the two parents, and the son. Indicate which individuals you are certain of their genotype and where there is more than one possibility.

You’re my Boy, Blue!

Brown eyes are a dominant eye-color allele and blue eyes are recessive. A brown-eyed woman whose father had blue eyes and whose mother had brown eyes marries a brown-eyed man whose parents are also brown-eyed. They have a son who is blue-eyed. Please draw a pedigree showing all four grandparents, the two parents, and the son. Indicate which individuals you are certain of their genotype and where there are more than one possibilities.

Thursday

Chromosomes

Contains genes that determine your traits that you inherit

Visible form of DNA used by scientist to determine possible disorders (karyotyping)

Chromosome (c’some) #s

Contains 46 chromosomes -44 are body

chromosomes– pairs numbered 1 thru 22

• 2 are sex chromosomes (the 23rd pair ONLY)

Types of Sex C’somes

• X chromosome – found in women and men, much larger in size

• Y chromosome – found ONLY in men, much smaller

Women vs. MenWomen:• Chromosome # is

written 46, XX (for “normal” women)

• ONLY have X c’somes therefore they can only donate an X c’comes to their children

Men:• Chromosome # is

written 46, XY (for “normal” males)

• Because men have the presence of both sex c’somes they are the ones that DETERMINE the sex of the child.

Karyotype

• A photograph which shows all of chromosomes that are inherited from the parents

Male or Female?

How would this be written?

Male or Female?

How would this be written?

Normal or abnormal?

How would this be written?

Normal or abnormal?

Male or Female?

How would this be written?

Normal or abnormal?

Male or Female?

How would this be written?

Normal or abnormal?

Male or Female?

How would this be written?

Normal or abnormal?

Male or Female?

How would this be written?

Normal or abnormal?

Male or Female?

How would this be written?

Friday

http://www.biology.arizona.edu/human_bio/activities/karyotyping/karyotyping.html

Karyotyping Activity

In this activity, you will use a com

puter model to look at chrom

osomes and prepare a karyotype. You w

ill diagnose patients for abnormalities and learn the correct notation for characterizing

karyotypes.Site 1: w

ww

.biology.arizona.eduClick on Karyotyping under hum

an biology and read the Introduction page:1. W

hat causes a dark band on the chromosom

e? _____________________________________2. W

hat is a centromere? _______________________________________________________

Patient Histories: *Click on Patient H

istories. You will be com

pleting a karyotype for Patient A, B & C

Patient A ( Click on the link to "Complete Patient A's Karyotype" )

*Match the chrom

osome to its hom

olog. After all the matches are com

plete you'll analyze your patient. (Scroll down to view

your completed karyotype).

3. What is patient A's history (sum

marize) ______________________________________________

4. How

many total chrom

osomes are in your karyotype - count them

_________The last set of chrom

osomes is the sex chrom

osomes, if you have tw

o large chromosom

es, your patient is XX (female), one large and one sm

all indicates and XY (male) . W

hat sex chrom

osomes does your patient have ________

Which chrom

osome set has an extra + _______

5. What diagnosis w

ould you give this patient (what disease)? ______________

Patient B - click on the link to go to Patient B and repeat the above process.6. W

hat is Patient B's history (summ

arize) _______________________________________________7. H

ow m

any total chromosom

es are in your karyotype - count them _________

What sex chrom

osomes does your patient have ________

Which chrom

osome set has an extra + _______

8. Finish the notation for this patient's karyotype : 47 X _____9. W

hat is the diagnosis? __________________________________Patient C - click on the link to go to Patient C and repeat the above process.10. W

hat is patient C's history (summ

arize)? _________________________________________11. H

ow m

any total chromosom

es are in your karyotype - count them _________

What sex chrom

osomes does your patient have ________

Which chrom

osome set has an extra + _______

12. Write out the correct notation for this karyotype. ________

13. What is the diagnosis? _________________________________________

Site 2: Unknow

n Karyotypes htt

p://bluehawk.m

onmouth.edu/~bio/karyotypes.htm

1. choose an abnorm

al karyotype and drag and drop the chromosom

es to complete the chart.

2. when com

pleted use the snipping tool to take a picture of your karyotype. Paste this picture in a new w

ord document.

3. underneath write your “diagnosis” a) m

ale or female b) norm

al or abnormal c) of abnorm

al – where the abnorm

ality is and what kind it is (m

issing chromosom

e, extra chromosom

e etc.) Choose any 2 to com

plete. Any additional karyotypes completed w

ill be counted as extra credit.