Notes – Organization of the Periodic Table
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Notes – Organization of the Periodic Table
Chapter 7, Lesson 1
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Mendeleev
• Russian scientist who published the first periodic table in 1869.
• He recognized that some elements have similar chemical and physical properties.– Fluorine and chlorine are both gases that burn
your lungs.– Silver and copper are both shiny metals that
tarnish when exposed to air.
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Arrangement of Elements• The periodic table contains information
about the structures and characteristics of the elements.
• Elements are arranged in the periodic table in order of their atomic number.
• “Periodic” means regular, repeating pattern, and properties of elements repeat in each period (row).
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Arrangement of Elements
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Arrangement of Elements
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Periods• Elements are organized into horizontal
periods and vertical groups.
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Periods• A horizontal row of elements in the
periodic table is called a period.• The atomic numbers increase by one from
left to right across a period.
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Groups• A vertical column of elements in the
periodic table is called a group.• Groups are numbered 1–18 across the top
of the periodic table.• Elements in the same group have similar
properties.
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The Lanthanide and Actinide Series• The two rows of elements at the bottom of
the table are the Lanthanide Series and the Actinide Series (also called “rare earth metals”).
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Metals
• Elements that are on the left side and in the middle of the periodic table are metals.
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Metals• Metallic refers to the properties of
common metals.• Luster, or shine, is one property of metals.• Metals are also ductile and malleable.• Conductivity is the ability of a material to
transfer electricity or thermal energy, and metals are good conductors.
luster ductile malleable conductivity
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Metals• Most metals are solids at room
temperature because of their high melting point, with the exception of Mercury (Hg), a liquid at room temperature.
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Metals
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Nonmetals
• Elements on the right side of the periodic table are nonmetals.
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Nonmetals
• Nonmetals exhibit properties that are the opposite of metals.
• They are poor conductors of heat and electricity, are brittle, and do not have luster.
• Nonmetals make up most of the matter in the living world.
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Nonmetals
• Most are gases at room temperature.• The solids, carbon (C) and iodine (I) are
dull and brittle.• Bromine (Br) is the only nonmetal that is
liquid at room temperature.
carboniodine
bromine
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Nonmetals
• Group 17 elements are the halogens, which are the most reactive nonmetals, and most are dangerous to humans.
• Group 18 elements are the noble gases, which are extremely stable by themselves and occur in nature as single atoms, NOT compounds.
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Semimetals
• 8 elements are semimetals, or metalloids.
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Semimetals
• Semimetals have the properties of both metals and nonmetals.
• Semimetals conduct electricity but not as well as metals, so they are called semiconductors.
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Other Periodic Tables
• A variety of periodic tables are designed to provide the information needed by different groups of people.
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Arrangement of Elements
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If a substance transfers electricity easily, it is said to be ____.A malleableB conductiveC metalloidD ductile
7.1 Organization of the Periodic Table
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The most reactive nonmetals are the ____ in Group 17.A noble gasesB halogensC semimetalsD Actinide series
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Fluorine has properties most similar to ____.A oxygenB neon C lithiumD chlorine
7.1 Organization of the Periodic Table
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Which is a property of metals?A poor conductorsB brittleC low melting pointD luster
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Which of the following is a noble gas?A nitrogenB oxygenC argonD bromine
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Elements in a period are arranged ____.A by increasing atomic number right to leftB by increasing atomic number left
to right C by increasing valence electrons
right to leftD by increasing electric charge right to left
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Which element is a gas at room temperature?A neonB bromineC magnesiumD uranium
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Nonmetals are located where on the periodic table?A topB bottomC right sideD left side