Notes on Management 5 Ppt

8/14/2019 Notes on Management 5 Ppt

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NOTES ON MANAGEMENTPART 5 of 5 PARTS

THE FUTURE OF MANAGEMENTTHEORY

Musbri MohamedDIL; ADIL ( ITM )MBL ( UKM )
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Management Theory: Current

Status and Future DirectionAlthough it is difficult to deny theexistence of a systems body of knowledge, it appears that thesystem school is actually part of quantitative school .


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To understand the systems concept we should focusthe organization as an open and adaptive system.Since business organizations are contrived systems,they can survive the onset of entropy and unlike theirbiological counterparts, exist indefinitely depending onhow they are managed. On the other hand, they mustbe responsive to change but they must not change so

quickly that they are seriously thrown out of equilibrium. Finding the right balance is one of thekeys to indefinite survival.


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The system concept was next used to examine managerialsystem. Three levels exist in the managerial system of acomplex organization: technical, organizational andinstitution. The technical level is concerned with producingthe goods or services. The organizational level coordinates andintegrates the technical and institutional levels. Theinstitutional level relates the activities of the organization tothe environmental system. Within this system are three typesof managers, one for each of the levels. The technicalmanager is a nuts-and-bolts individual; the organizationmanager is more like a political mediator and the institutionalmanager is a conceptual-philosophical decision-maker. Yet,although there are different levels and interests within the

structure, all three must combine their talents and energies inthe attainment of overall organizational objectives.


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In order to achieve this blending of talent andenergy; managers must plan, organize and control.

They must also make decisions and employ thelatest quantitative methods where applicable; andthey must understand and utilize the abilities of

their subordinates through effectivecommunication, motivation and leadership. In short,the management process, quantitative andbehavioral schools are all still important to modernmanagers. In fact, managers today draw on theconcepts of all three in carrying out their duties.

The systems approach encourages this.


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Some synthesis among the schools of management thought appears to be goingon. Ten specific reasons were cited .However, it was also noted that this synthesis isunlikely to result in a major change in the threeschools of thought. The management process

school, the quantitative school and thebehavioral school of management thought willcontinue to endure into the indefinite future.
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Social Responsibility

Theres nothing the world lovesmore than a ready-madedescription which they can hangon to a man, and savethemselves all trouble in future .


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Social responsibility is a continuingchallenge to modern business. Realizingthat business is actually serving its ownlong-run interests by aiding the community,many firms today are actively meeting thethree major social challenges of the day;

equal opportunity, ecology andconsumerism.


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Employment Act, Labour Law,Equal Pay Act and Civil Rightswere all landmarks in helpingensure equal opportunity inthe workplace. However, businesshas also played a key role inhelping find work for minoritiesand the handicapped, and manyfirms have also helped minoritycapitalists by providing them withboth technical assistance and

business contacts.
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In the area of discriminationagainst women, a great dealremains to be done. Many workingwomen, despite the law, aresubject to sexual harassment and

often do not receive equal pay forequal work. Nor are their chancesfor management promotion asgood as those of theircounterparts. Fortunately, manycompanies are aware of theseconditions and are taking steps to

rectify them.
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Ecology concerns rangingfrom air pollution to water andnoise pollution. In eachinstance, demands onbusiness firms have resulted inattempts to respond positivelyto the challenge.


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Consumer want to know what they arebuying and what are they getting fortheir dollar. Legislations has helped toprovide consumers with some importantinformation and assistance. Yet theconsumer movement is more than just aneed for more data. Consumers alsowant product safety; and whenmanufacturers overlook it then lawsuit islikely. As a result more and morecompanies have begun in recent yearsto pay close attention to the liabilitylaws and the development of safetychecklists that help ensure the requisitequality in their product.


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Recent evidence, in the form of codes of conduct and employeeassistance programs, indicatesthat the challenge of socialresponsibility is going to be hereindefinitely. Further, all signsindicate that business is bothwilling and able to respond to it.


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International Management

There is not enough darkness in the world to put out the light of even one small candle.

In deciding whether or not to gointernational, a firm must evaluate manyfactors . It can begin analyzing the possible

advantages and disadvantages associated withsuch an undertaking. On the positive side areprofit, stability and the possibility of a foothold inan economic union e.g. EEC, ASEAN and NAFTA.On the negative side are unfamiliar customsand cultures, delicate company-governmentrelations, risk, expropriation and the possibilityof having to bring in foreign partners which formany businesses, constitutes the biggestdrawback. In an effort to hedge their risks, manyfirms are turning to joint ventures.


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If a company decides to go ahead with aforeign operation, it must find anappropriate organization structure, whichwill depend, of course, on the amount of involvement it is willing to undertake. Forsome firms a branch organization will do;for others a subsidiary is necessary.


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The next question is one of control . Which is best: heavy,intermediate or light? Most firmsopt for intermediate. Then comesstaffing, which entails identifyingqualified people and offering themsufficient monetary incentive andupward mobility to get them to goabroad.


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Most multinational firms are

American , and they carry a gooddeal of economic power in theinternational arena. However, withthis power comes responsibility andone of the challenges of the 1990swill be to continue incorporatingforeign nationals into upper ranks of management. In so doing, themultinational firms will become trulyinternational in nature.
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Management In The Future

Decisions, ideas and directives lost much of their usefulness and vigor because of delay . What is actual isactual only for one time. And only for one place .


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Management has come a long waysince the days of the early classicaltheorists. It has received contributionsfrom many people in many fieldsincluding psychology, sociology andanthropology. Thus managementthought has not developed in onebasic direction. Rather, it hasbranched out into three schools:management process,

quantitative and behavioral.


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What does the future hold?

In one respect it will be more of thesame: continued emphasis on systemtheory; the development of modernorganization structures; increasedresearch on human behavior inorganizations and greater attentionto the management of change. Otherdevelopments on the managementhorizon include a continued focus onthe key result areas, themanagement of employee talent and

the continuing trend towardsprofessionalism.


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Managers of the future will need to be aware of these developments. However, this knowledge, inand of itself, is no guarantee of success.

The challenges of management are too great tobe solved by simple knowledge of effectivemanagement process and practices. On the otherhand, for those who have the ability and thedesire to study, to work and continue to learn;the opportunities and rewards in the field of management promise to be very great indeed?

The sky is the limit .

Thank you.

Notes on Management 5 Ppt

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