Notes Ch. 17- Manifest Destiny and War. I. Manifest Destiny and Expansion.
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Transcript of Notes Ch. 17- Manifest Destiny and War. I. Manifest Destiny and Expansion.
Notes Ch. 17-Notes Ch. 17-Manifest Destiny Manifest Destiny
and Warand War
Notes Ch. 17-Notes Ch. 17-Manifest Destiny Manifest Destiny
and Warand War
I. Manifest Destiny and Expansion
A. Manifest Destiny
What?U.S. would expand to the
PacificWhy?*Social (America was “special”*Economic (more land to grow
crops-$$$*Political-Democracy could work!
B. Territorial Expansion
1. Louisiana Purchase2. Florida by treaty
3. Election of 1844Henry Clay (Whig) vs. James Polk
(Dem.)
Results of Election of 1844.
Election of 1844
Polk was expansionist…
Wanted more territory!
a. 54 40’ or Fight” – U.S. wanted all of
Oregon.
“54 40 or Fight”“54 40 or Fight”
b. Compromise with G.B. at
b. Compromise with G.B. at
49th Parallel49th Parallel
D. Texas
March 1845 Congress voted to annex Texas.
II. The Mexican War
A. Causes1. U.S. and Mexico had a disputed border claim.2. Area between the Rio Grande and Nueces Rivers.
Map-disputed territory
Nueces River
Nueces RiverRio
GrandeRio
Grande
B. Beginning of the war
1. Polk sent Gen. Zachary
Taylorinto disputed
area “Old Rough & Ready”
2. Polk sent
John Slidell Mexico with an offer to buy Texas and California
3. Taylor refused to leave when ordered to do so by
the
Mexican commander, so Mexico attacked and killed 11 Americans and took others prisoner.
2. President Polk then askedCongress for a Declaration
of War“American blood has been spilled on American Soil!” -
POLK
C. U.S. response to war
1. U.S. government asked for 50,000 but 200,000 volunteered to fight.
2. 1st war covered by Newspapers.
Volunteers from New Hampshire
U.S. response (cont.)
3. Patriotic Songs and increased National pride.
4. Opposition-
Douglass
Abolitionists-
Spread of slavery
Pacifists-
Unjust war
4. Opposition-
Thoreau
Jailed for refusing to pay his taxes!
D. American VictoriesD. American Victories
1. General Taylor scored victories at ___________ and _______________ which drove Mexican forces back into Mexico.
Palo Alto Monterray
2. General Stephen Kearney
Attacked New Mexico and captured the town of _______ without a fight.
Santa Fe
KEARNEY
KEARNEY
3. John C. Fremont
Encouraged Americans in northern California to revolt in what became known as the
Bear Flag Revolt
Bear Flag Revolt
Kearney
FR
EM
ON
T
KEARNEY
TAYLOR
E. End of the War1. General Taylor received more troops and launched an attack deeper into Mexico where he eventually defeated Santa Anna.
2. President Polk replaced General Taylor
(Polk thought Taylor’s popularity might encourage him to run for President )
3. Gen. Winfield Scott replaced Taylor
Captured the Mexican fortress at Veracruz then
marched to Mexico City. “Old Fuss and Feathers”
Map: Mexican War Campaigns
Landing at Veracruz
winning a key battle at Chapultepec
U.S. won battle for Mexico CityU.S. won battle for Mexico City
Map: Mexican War Campaigns
Sept., 1847
Mexico surrenderedMexico surrendered
F. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
1. Mexican Cession includes most of present day
California Arizona New Mexico Utah Nevada
And parts of……..Colorado and
Wyoming.
2. U.S. gained the disputed territory between
Mexico and ….
Texas.
Over 500,000 square miles.
3. U.S. paid Mexico $15 million and assume $3
million in debts.
G. Gadsden PurchaseG. Gadsden PurchaseU.S. paid $10 million to Mexico for what is now
southern…..
Arizona and New Mexico
III. More Settlers Head West
A. Led to more conflicts between settlers and ___________.
B. Cultural Encounters- _______,________, and ___________ cultures influenced each other in the west.
IndiansIndian
Spanish
Anglo
The Mormons1. Joseph Smith founded the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints who are typically called Mormons.
Mormons
2. Mormons stressed hard work and __________, but some Mormon men practiced _______ which caused persecution.
community polyga
my
The Mormons
3. Mormons moved to Illinois, but when ________ was killed they moved to the Great Salt Lake under the leadership of _____________
Smith
Brigham Young
Brigham Young
The Mormons
4. The Mormons used __________ to turn the desert in fertile land.
irrigation
The Mormons
4. The Mormons used __________ to turn the desert in fertile land.
irrigation
Brigham Young
IV. California- The World Rushed In
A. Forty-niners-
Went to California in search of Gold
3. Work
Panning Sluice
Forty-niners
D. Life in Mining Camps
B. Caused tremendous growth in California
San FranciscoC. Within two years, California had enough people to apply for statehood.
San Francisco 1854San Francisco 1854
D. Supplies and Provisions
Very expensiveThe store owners got rich
Levi Strauss
E. boomtowns
Towns that grew quickly because of gold mines.
Many became ghost towns.
F. WomenVery fewSome were
miners
G. The California Dream-
Did not become reality for most!
H. Chinese & Other Immigrants
1. Many Chinese were indentured servants.
2. Treatment-Prejudice, discrimination
3. Other immigrants-Mexico, Chile
I. Effects of the Gold Rush
1. Population- EXPLODED!2. Californios-
discriminated against3. Indians- attacked and
destroyed