Notes 09/16 Class 03: Latin America GEO105: World Regional Geography Michael T. Wheeler Syracuse...
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Notes 09/16
Class 03: Latin AmericaGEO105: World Regional Geography
Michael T. WheelerSyracuse University, Geography
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Global TectonicsLecture slide 2
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Subduction
Lithosphere
Continental Crust
OceanicCrust
Lecture slide 3
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Caribbean Tectonics
Lithosphere
Continental Crust
OceanicCrust
Lecture slide 4
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Range of Central American Volcanoes
Lithosphere
Continental Crust
OceanicCrust
Lecture slide 5
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Seismic DangerLecture slide 6
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Landforms of Latin AmericaFigure 8.3: Physical regions and
landforms of Latin America (p. 346)
Lecture slide 7
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Climate regions
Figure 8.7: Climate regions of Latin America (p. 352)
Lecture slide 8
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Atmospheric CirculationFigure 2.8:
Atmospheric Circulation (p. 41)
Lecture slide 9
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Atmospheric Circulation – Central AmericaLecture slide 10
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Orographic Rainfall
Figure 2.9: Orographic rainfall on a trade wind coast (p. 42)
Lecture slide 11
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Altitudinal Zonation
Figure 8.8: Altitudinal zonation (p. 353)
Lecture slide 12
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Pre-Columbia CivilizationsFigure 8.13: Maya, Aztec, and
Inca adaptations to environment (p. 358)
Lecture slide 13
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LanguagesFigure 8.20: Languages of Latin
America (p. 373)
Lecture slide 14
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Voyages of Discovery (Conquest)
Figure 8.14: Colonial voyages and the Treaty of Tordesillas (p. 359)
Lecture slide 15
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Spanish World EmpireLecture slide 16
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Spanish Trade RoutesLecture slide 17
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Colonial Pacific Trade RoutesLecture slide 18
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Caribbean Trade RoutesLecture slide 19
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Colonial ShippingLecture slide 20
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Iberian Imperial Structure
8.1: Latin America
Lecture slide 21
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Imperial Differences
• English (United States)– Common law (jury)– Protestant– Agricultural– No inter-marriage w/ Native Americans
• French (Canada)– Roman law– Catholic– Interior trade. Settlement only: coasts, St. Lawrence, Louisiana, Illinois– Generally tolerant view of First Nations
• Spanish (Latin America)– Catholic– Army / Church / Merchants– Convert the Indians to Christianity– Lots of inter-marriage
Lecture slide 22
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Break8.18: Population Distribution of
Latin America 1995
Lecture slide 23
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Review Questions
• Mapping Exercise 2: Mapping Ecosystems– Textbook maps (8.1 (343), 8.3 (346), 8.7 (352))
• 393: U4“How did the Spanish organize their colonies? What were the
two main forms of agriculture? What role did encomienda, repartimiento, and slavery play? What exports to Spain?”
• 393: G2“During the colonial era, how did racial, ethnic and class
distinctions divide Latin American societies?”• Mapping Exercise 1: Mapping Ethnic and Racial
Composition– Textbook, map 8.1 (343), table 8.1 (370)
Lecture slide 24
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Ethnic and Racial Composition
• p. 370
Lecture slide 25
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Mapping Exercise 1
Map 8.3, p. 58
Lecture slide 26
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Slave Triangle
Figure 6.14: The slave trade (p. 249)
Lecture slide 27
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Slave Flow, by Century
Figure 6.14: The slave trade (p. 249)
Lecture slide 28
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African Diaspora
• estimated slave imports – during whole period of
Atlantic slave trade – Thousands (000s)
• scale– 1:75 000 000
estimated % of population entirely or partially of African descent
Lecture slide 29
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African Diaspora, Caribbean
• estimated slave imports – during whole period of
Atlantic slave trade – thousands
estimated % of population entirely or partially of African descent
Lecture slide 30
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U.S. South – ‘Jim Crow’ Laws
• Legalized Segregation• Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
– “separate but equal” – Homer Plessy 1/8 black– Sitting in ‘White’ RR Car
Lecture slide 31
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Latin America castas• Euro-American
– peninsulares (Iberian)– criollos (whites born in the Americas)
• mestizo: white (European) and American Indian– Originally applied to Phillipines, Malays
• mulatto: (Spanish / African)• zambo: (African / Indian)• Example of Brazil
– Slaves finally freed in 1888 (the Lei Áurea) – “Racial democracy”– Racial correlation of favelas (p. 384) with African
descendents
Lecture slide 32
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New Colonial Powers: U.K. and U.S.
• Rebellion from Spain, 1820s
• U.S. : Monroe Doctrine, 1823
• U.K.: de facto economic hegemon
• U.S. Worldview, 1900 (this map)
Lecture slide 33
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U.S. Interventions in Latin America
(Also see Figure 8.16: U.S. interventions in Latin America (p. 365)
Lecture slide 34
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Panama (p. 389)Lecture slide 35
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Review
• Physical Hazards– Earthquakes, Volcanoes, Hurricanes, El Niño (ENSO)
• Legacy of Colonialism– Spanish / British / America
• Trade– Export crops OR local consumption?– Global or regional trade (WTO or NAFTA?)
• Race– The “Red, White, and Black Continent”– Economic consequences
Lecture slide 36
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Debt, Trade, and Migration
• Developing country debt
• Export goods
• Global trade– hope and
disappointment
• Migration
8.19: Major migration streams in Latin America (p. 372)
Lecture slide 37
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Next Week
• Research Project– Two-paragraph summary of your study area
• Reading– Chapter 11: 492-537
• Review– p. 535: Testing Your Understanding: 4, 5, 7, 10– p. 536: Thinking Geographically: 1, 5
• Map Workbook:– p. 84-5 (use map on pages 87). Mapping Exercise 1: "Geopolitical
Conflict," 1-5• Web Page:
– classes.maxwell.syr.edu/geo105_f04/class_notes/04-Review.htm
Lecture slide 38