NOTES

09/02/14

WHAT IS MATTER?

●MATTER is anything that has

mass and takes up space.oExamples of Matter: glass, paper, air, water, oil,

polysnow, bouncy balls, etc.

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●SOLID (chair you sit in)

●LIQUID (water you drink)

●GAS (air you breathe)

●PLASMA (stars and space)

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WHAT IS PLASMA?●Go to:

http://www.plasmas.org/what-are-plasmas.htm

●Read the website and answer: What is

plasma?About this picture: A huge, handle-shaped

cloud of relatively cool dense plasma

suspended in the sun's hot, thin corona.

(Image is taken from NASA's Web site: 

http://www.nasa.gov.)

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Grapes and Plasma??? (Don't try at home!!!!)

 

Properties of Matter●Matter has many different properties (not

everything is the same)

●Chemistry is study of the properties of

matter and how matter changes.

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●Matter is classified into

2 main categories:

1) PURE SUBSTANCES

2) and MIXTURES

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●A pure substance has a single kind of matter, that is pure. This means it always has a specific makeup or composition. 

●There are THREE types of pure substances: elements, molecules, and compounds.

●Go to http://www.thefreedictionary.com/composition What is the definition of composition?

Table salt is a pure substance

made up of Sodium and Chlorine it

is ALWAYS NaCl

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●Elements: A pure substance

composed of one kind of atom; the simplest form of matter. Elements can not be broken

down EX: Carbon,

Hydrogen, 

and

Oxygen

     Aluminum is a

element found on

the Periodic Table.

It is a both solid

and a metal.

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ATOMS●The atom is the basic

particle from which all elements are made. Different elements have different properties because their atoms are different. This is why helium gas has different properties than the metal gold. The Core is the NUCLEUS.

This is a model of the element Fluorine

(F)

Black = Electrons (negative)

Purple = Neutrons (neutral)

Red = Protons (positive)

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●MOLECULES: A molecule is formed

when two or more atoms combine.

●Atoms combine due to a force of

attraction, called chemical bonds.

O

H

This is a WATER MOLECULE

(H2O)

The force that holds that hydrogen

and oxygen atoms together is

called a chemical bond.

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●Compound: 2 or more elements chemically

combined together in a set ratio

EX: Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Water (H2O)

A chemical formula

shows the elements in

a compound and the

ratio of atoms

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●A mixture is made of two or more substances (elements or compounds, or both) that are together but NOT chemically combined.

●Each substance in a mixture keeps its individual properties

Soil is a “mixture”

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●Not chemically combined

EX: sand

●What is sand? Go to: http://www.planetseed.com/node/49912

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●Go to the following website and write down the definition of a mixture and some examples.

http://education.jlab.org/qa/mixture.html

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●Mixtures are either

heterogeneous or homogeneous.oHeterogeneous   vs.      Homogeneous

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●Mixtures are classified by how

“well-mixed” they are.

●A solution is the “best mixed”

mixture

EX: Sugar water

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●Characteristic Properties of matter are the properties about a substance that are always true

●Help identify unknown matter

●Characteristic Properties include boiling point and melting point

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●Water boils at 100 ºC

●Temp. at which a liquid

boils

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●Ice melts at 0ºC

●Temp at which a

solid melts

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CelsiusThermometer

Observe the

thermometer …. It

gives you an idea

of different

temperatures!-

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●Physical Change: changes the form of a substance but not its identity

EX: Filtering orange juice/pulp

●Chemical Change: a change that results in a new substance

being formed

EX: Burning Wood

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Chemical Reactions . . .

 

●Physical Properties: are characteristics of pure substances that can be observed without changing it into substance.

●Examples of physical properties: hardness, texture,

flexibility, and color.

Example: slinky

(metal is flexible and

shiny)

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●Chemical Properties: are characteristics of pure substances that describe its ability to change into a different substance

●Examples of chemical properties: flammability, ability to react, ability to produce a new substance

Example: Iron rusting (Iron will

combine slowly with the air to form

a new substance, rust)

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