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NOT Gates or Inverters:

(a) (b)

Figure: a) Electric circuit emulating the function of a NOT gate. b) NOT gate

Logic

Ladder Diagram:

Figure: Two ways to rogram a NOT function in a !L".

AND Gates:

(a) (b)Figure: a) Electric circuit emulating an #ND gate. b) #ND gate Logic

Ladder Diagram:

Figure: #ND gate ladder logic diagram

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OR Gates:

(a) (b)Figure: a) Electric circuit emulating an O$ gate. b) O$ gate Logic

Ladder diagram:

Figure: Ladder logic diagram for an O$ gate.

NAND Gates:

(a) (b)Figure: a) Electric circuit emulating a N#ND gate. b) N#ND gate

logic

Ladder Diagram

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Figure: Ladder logic diagram for a N#ND gate.

NOR Gates:

(a) (b)Figure: a) Electric circuit emulating a NO$ gate. b) NO$ %ate

logicLadder Diagram

Figure: Ladder logic diagram for a NO$ gate.

Mnemonics:

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