Not Drowning But Waving - Surfing The European Barley Gene Pool Dirk Enneking Genebank Department,...
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Transcript of Not Drowning But Waving - Surfing The European Barley Gene Pool Dirk Enneking Genebank Department,...
Not Drowning But Waving - Surfing The European Barley Gene Pool
Dirk EnnekingGenebank Department, Institute for Plant Genetics and Cultivated Plants Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, D-06466
Gatersleben, Germany, [email protected] http://barley.ipk-gatersleben.deThis project is supported by the European Commission under Regulation (EC) 1467/94 on the conservation, characterization,
collection and utilization of genetic resources in agriculture.
Citation:Enneking, D. (2000). Not drowning but waving - surfing the European barley genepool.Proc. 8th International Barley Genetics Symposium, in Adelaide Australia, pp. 11-12. No. II, Contributed Papers.
References:
Arias, G.; Reiner, A.; Penger, A., and Mangstl, A. (1983). Directory of Barley cultivars and lines. Freising: CYMMIT & Technical University Munich.
Baum, B. R.; Bailey, L. G., and Thompson, B. K. (1985). Barley register. Canada Governm. Publ. Centre. Cat. No. A53-1783/1985 .
Baumer, M. and Cais, R. (2000). Abstammung der Gerstensorten. Freising: Bayerische Landesanstalt für Bodenkultur und Pflanzenbau.http://www.stmelf.bayern.de/lbp/forsch/pz/gerstenstamm.pdf
Current developments Data contributed to EBDB from individual collections is being uniformily coded (Multi-crop descriptors, IPGRI/FAO Institude codes, barley descriptors)
This information is being communicated back to data donors; interfacing native codes with standardised format, thus providing ready conversion routines for future updates and/or dynamic linking.
Extension of EBDB to link with databases outside of Europe was advocated by Knuepffer and Lopez (1997) to aid the indentification of unique germplasm accessions and to reduce redundancy in collections.
IG DEU146 USA004 ALTERID2 ALTERID3 ALTERID416867 H Hor 3368/65 PI 327741 PI 327741 H Hor 3368/65 VIR 1388516868 H Hor 3369/65 PI 327742 PI 327742 H Hor 3369/65 VIR 1389816869 H Hor 3370/65 PI 327743 PI 327743 H Hor 3370/65 VIR 1390916870 H Hor 3372/65 PI 327745 PI 327745 H Hor 3372/65 VIR 1391116871 H Hor 3373/65 PI 327746 PI 327746 H Hor 3373/65 VIR 1391216872 H Hor 3374/65 PI 327747 PI 327747 H Hor 3374/65 VIR 1391416873 H Hor 3375/65 PI 327748 PI 327748 H Hor 3375/65 VIR 1391616874 H Hor 3376/65 PI 327749 PI 327749 H Hor 3376/65 VIR 1391816875 H Hor 3377/65 PI 327750 PI 327750 H Hor 3377/65 VIR 1395216876 H Hor 3378/65 PI 327751 PI 327751 H Hor 3378/65 VIR 1395316877 H Hor 3379/65 PI 327752 PI 327752 H Hor 3379/65 VIR 1395916878 H Hor 3380/65 PI 327753 PI 327753 H Hor 3380/65 VIR 1400416879 H Hor 3381/65 PI 327754 PI 327754 H Hor 3381/65 VIR 1401516880 H Hor 3392/65 PI 327755 PI 327755 H Hor 3392/65 VIR 1379216881 H Hor 3393/65 PI 327756 PI 327756 H Hor 3393/65 VIR 1385916882 H Hor 3394/65 PI 327757 PI 327757 H Hor 3394/65 VIR 1381416883 H Hor 3395/65 PI 327758 PI 327758 H Hor 3395/65 VIR 1382016884 H Hor 3396/65 PI 327759 PI 327759 H Hor 3396/65 VIR 1382216885 H Hor 3397/65 PI 327760 PI 327760 H Hor 3397/65 VIR 1382416886 H Hor 3398/65 PI 327761 PI 327761 H Hor 3398/65 VIR 1382516887 H Hor 3399/65 PI 327762 PI 327762 H Hor 3399/65 VIR 1382616888 H Hor 3400/65 PI 327763 PI 327763 H Hor 3400/65 VIR 1382716889 H Hor 3401/65 PI 327764 PI 327764 H Hor 3401/65 VIR 1382916890 H Hor 3402/65 PI 327765 PI 327765 H Hor 3402/65 VIR 1384516891 H Hor 3403/65 PI 327766 PI 327766 H Hor 3403/65 VIR 1384416892 H Hor 3404/65 PI 327767 PI 327767 H Hor 3404/65 VIR 1384316893 H Hor 3405/65 PI 327768 PI 327768 H Hor 3405/65 VIR 1384616894 H Hor 3406/65 PI 327769 PI 327769 H Hor 3406/65 VIR 1383016895 H Hor 3407/65 PI 327770 PI 327770 H Hor 3407/65 VIR 1383116896 H Hor 3409/65 PI 327771 PI 327771 H Hor 3409/65 VIR 1383916897 H Hor 3410/65 PI 327772 PI 327772 H Hor 3410/65 VIR 1384016898 H Hor 3411/65 PI 327773 PI 327773 H Hor 3411/65 VIR 1384116899 H Hor 3413/65 PI 327774 PI 327774 H Hor 3413/65 VIR 1384916900 H Hor 3414/65 PI 327775 PI 327775 H Hor 3414/65 VIR 1385116901 H Hor 3415/65 PI 327776 PI 327776 H Hor 3415/65 VIR 1385216902 H Hor 3416/65 PI 327777 PI 327777 H Hor 3416/65 VIR 1385316903 H Hor 3417/65 PI 327778 PI 327778 H Hor 3417/65 VIR 1385416904 H Hor 3428/65 PI 327779 PI 327779 H Hor 3428/65 VIR 1397116905 H Hor 3433/65 PI 327780 PI 327780 H Hor 3433/65 VIR 1403016906 H Hor 3434/65 PI 327781 PI 327781 H Hor 3434/65 VIR 1403116907 H Hor 3435/65 PI 327782 PI 327782 H Hor 3435/65 VIR 1405916908 H Hor 3436/65 PI 327783 PI 327783 H Hor 3436/65 VIR 1406016909 H Hor 3437/65 PI 327784 PI 327784 H Hor 3437/65 VIR 1406116910 H Hor 3438/65 PI 327785 PI 327785 H Hor 3438/65 VIR 1406516911 H Hor 3439/65 PI 327786 PI 327786 H Hor 3439/65 VIR 1406616912 H Hor 3440/65 PI 327787 PI 327787 H Hor 3440/65 VIR 1407016914 H Hor 3442/65 PI 327788 PI 327788 H Hor 3442/65 VIR 1407316915 H Hor 3444/65 PI 327790 PI 327790 H Hor 3444/65 VIR 1408116916 H Hor 3445/65 PI 327791 PI 327791 H Hor 3445/65 VIR 1408216917 H Hor 3446/65 PI 327792 PI 327792 H Hor 3446/65 VIR 1408316918 H Hor 3447/65 PI 327793 PI 327793 H Hor 3447/65 VIR 1411916919 H Hor 3448/65 PI 327794 PI 327794 H Hor 3448/65 VIR 1412016920 H Hor 3449/65 PI 327795 PI 327795 H Hor 3449/65 VIR 1412216921 H Hor 3450/65 PI 327796 PI 327796 H Hor 3450/65 VIR 1412316923 H Hor 3452/65 PI 327798 PI 327798 H Hor 3452/65 VIR 1413616924 H Hor 3453/65 PI 327799 PI 327799 H Hor 3453/65 VIR 1383616925 H Hor 3454/65 PI 327800 PI 327800 H Hor 3454/65 VIR 1383716926 H Hor 3455/65 PI 327801 PI 327801 H Hor 3455/65 VIR 1386616927 H Hor 3456/65 PI 327802 PI 327802 H Hor 3456/65 VIR 1387716928 H Hor 3457/65 PI 327803 PI 327803 H Hor 3457/65 VIR 1383816931 H Hor 3460/65 PI 327806 PI 327806 H Hor 3460/65 VIR 1389316932 H Hor 3461/65 PI 327807 PI 327807 H Hor 3461/65 VIR 1388416933 H Hor 3462/65 PI 327808 PI 327808 H Hor 3462/65 VIR 1389416934 H Hor 3463/65 PI 327809 PI 327809 H Hor 3463/65 VIR 1397316935 H Hor 3464/65 PI 327810 PI 327810 H Hor 3464/65 VIR 1397617343 H Hor 4390 PI 345623 PI 345623 K-19690 H Hor 439017522 A Hor 6731 CI 15257 CI 15257 VIR 18838 A Hor 673118557 A Hor 156/58 PI 327989 PI 327989 A Hor 156/58 TOKUJI18558 A Hor 158/58 PI 327991 PI 327991 A Hor 158/58 WASE HADAKA18686 A Hor 348/58 PI 328136 PI 328136 A Hor 348/58 TOKUJI19049 A Hor 1174/61 PI 328522 PI 328522 TIROLER LANDGERSTE19114 A Hor 1271/61 PI 328588 PI 328588 A Hor 1271/61 PAK 3071019207 A Hor 1458/58 PI 328687 PI 328687 A Hor 1458/58 PAK 3071119604 H Hor 2445/59 PI 329127 PI 329127 H Hor 2445/59 VIR 1046719606 H Hor 2448/59 PI 329130 PI 329130 H Hor 2448/59 VIR 1461019644 A Hor 1454/58 PI 331862 PI 331862 A Hor 1454/58 PAK 3071219657 A Hor 1852/61 PI 331896 PI 331896 A Hor 1852/61 PAK 3071319695 H Hor 3215/58 PI 331976 PI 331976 H Hor 3215/58 VIR 1524019725 A Hor 7997 PI 342055 PI 342055 2321 A Hor 799719790 A Hor 8070 PI 342136 PI 342136 2404 A Hor 807020937 H Hor 3311 PI 369728 PI 369728 VIR 16889 H Hor 331120939 H Hor 4352 PI 369730 PI 369730 VIR 17222 H Hor 435220941 A Hor 3913 PI 369732 PI 369732 VIR 18333 A Hor 391320942 H Hor 3308 PI 369733 PI 369733 VIR 19189 H Hor 330820943 A Hor 4491 PI 369734 PI 369734 VIR 19928 A Hor 449120947 H Hor 4356 PI 369738 PI 369738 VIR 15619 H Hor 435620949 H Hor 3238 PI 369740 PI 369740 VIR 16639 H Hor 323820950 H Hor 4378 PI 369741 PI 369741 VIR 16928 H Hor 437820953 H Hor 18211 PI 369744 PI 369744 VIR 18211 H Hor 1821120954 A Hor 3915 PI 369745 PI 369745 VIR 18331 A Hor 391520956 H Hor 4441 PI 369747 PI 369747 VIR 19790 H Hor 444121671 A Hor 3922 PI 372076 PI 372076 VIR 734 A Hor 392221680 A Hor 7465 PI 372085 PI 372085 VIR 18329 A Hor 746521683 A Hor 3917 PI 372088 PI 372088 VIR 18467 A Hor 391721686 A Hor 3310 PI 372091 PI 372091 VIR 19355 A Hor 331021687 A Hor 4492 PI 372092 PI 372092 VIR 19827 A Hor 449221690 A Hor 4423 PI 372095 PI 372095 VIR 19934 A Hor 442321693 H Hor 3227 PI 372098 PI 372098 VIR 13248 H Hor 322721694 H Hor 3492 PI 372099 PI 372099 VIR 16924 H Hor 349221696 H Hor 3072 PI 372101 PI 372101 VIR 17845 H Hor 307221699 H Hor 3230 PI 372104 PI 372104 VIR 19191 H Hor 323021700 H Hor 3318 PI 372105 PI 372105 VIR 19330 H Hor 331821702 H Hor 4442 PI 372107 PI 372107 VIR 19933 H Hor 444221760 A Hor 7868 PI 382187 PI 382187 A Hor 7868 Ethiopia 20.321761 A Hor 7869 PI 382188 PI 382188 A Hor 7869 Ethiopia 28.121763 A Hor 7870 PI 382190 PI 382190 A Hor 7870 Ethiopia 28.321767 A Hor 7871 PI 382194 PI 382194 A Hor 7871 Ethiopia 35.421770 A Hor 7872 PI 382197 PI 382197 A Hor 7872 Ethiopia 36.321774 A Hor 7873 PI 382201 PI 382201 A Hor 7873 Ethiopia 37.621776 A Hor 7874 PI 382203 PI 382203 A Hor 7874 Ethiopia 38.14
Collections with more than 2000 barley accessions
AUS003BRA003
BRA006
CAN002
CAN004
CAN005
CAN041
CHN001
CYP004CZE047
DEU001
DEU146EGY002
ETH001FRA040GBR011
HUN003IND004
ISR003ISR004
JPN003
JPN108LBY001
NLD037PER002
POL003
POL020ROM002
RUS001
SWE001
SYR002
UKR044
USA029
Links to USA029 and SYR002 have already been generated from donor and synonymous Ids in EBDB.
These lists of corresponding synonyms can be considered the boot- or octopus straps (sticky tails if you are a molecular biologist) with which a global information system can be knitted together.
The proposed strategy is to link EBDB to off-shore databases and/or include documentation in the database.
The map below shows the distribution of barley accessions documented with geographic co-ordinates in the EBDB at ICARDA
The global ex situ barley gene pool, is estimated at 400.000 accessions). 34 collections hold more than 2000 accessions. The following pie chart represents, 75% of this sum ( ca. 300.000 accessions)
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Ú Cyprus#· Czech Republic%a Germany, BAZ#/ Germany, IPK(X SPAIN#· Greece#S Hungaryr Netherlands#Y Poland$T Romania
Introduction28 partners from 12 European countries (AUT(1), BEL(1), DEU(9), DNK(4), ESP(1), FIN(1), FRA(2), GBR(2), GRC(1), ITA(2), NLD(1), SWE(3)) are joining their efforts and expertise to improve the utilisation of barley genetic resources in Europe
Main features of the project are:
•Multiplication and characterisation
•Documentation
•Standardised multiple site evaluations for resistance against biotic and abiotic stress factors, with major emphasis on the barley core collection (BCC)
•Improved utilisation of genetic resources
•Sorting and rationalising the collections
•Diffusion of the results coupled to the development of an information system for barley genetic resources in Europe (extension of EBDB functionality)
IPK is responsible for project co-ordination and documentation. The functionality of the European barley database (EBDB) is being extended through inclusion of evaluation data and links to off-shore information
EBDB was developed by Knüpffer et al.. (1983-1999). It can be accessed via http://www.dainet.de/eccdb/barley/de/eccdb/barley/
In 1983 the original stated aims for EBDB were:
•The complete documentation of European barley collections with respect to passport and characterisation data using standard IBPGR descriptor list
•The registration of these data in computer data bases
•Free and effective inter-genebank exchange and their clients
•Detection of replicated accessions
•Rationalisation of collections by agreement between participating genebanks with consequent elimination of potential waste of resources in storage, multiplication, characterisation and evaluation of redundant accessions
•Detection of gaps in the representation of barley germplasm under threat of erosion
•Rational planning of further collecting. Since 1997 this compilation documents ca. 90.000 accessions conserved in 29 European gene banks. This represents almost a quarter of the global ex situ barley gene pool
This idea is further illustrated by the following brief comments on documentation of individual collections.
RUS001 (VIR) collection: Integrated into EBDB, further detailed information about collection sites, donors and donor ID numbers are desirable. Published literature on evaluation of VIR barley accessions is considered the most cost-effective way to obtain evaluation data, since the raw data is currently only available from field books.
DEU001 & DEU146 (BGRC, BAZ; IPK, HOR) collections: Both data sets are an integral part of EBDB. German evaluation data covering characterisation and evaluation during the period 1948 to the present are available. Numerous gene banks have received HOR accessions. HOR linkage provides added value and has been generated.
USA029 (USDA): Major off-shore donor. Accessions from USDA are present in virtually every genebank. A list of 5458 unique USDA accession Ids has been generated for a total of 6387 lines documented in EBDB. This allows access to GRIN data (passports, characterisation, evaluation) which is readily available either through a WWW interface or in the pcGRIN barley packages.
SYR002 (ICARDA) collection: ICARDA (1995 data) has documented 2993 HOR 16108 USDA accessions. The corresponding IG numbers provide an informative link to the information generated through evaluation in the ICARDA network.
The International Crop Information System (ICIS, CYMMIT, CGIAR centers; http://www.cgiar.org/icis/) uses the concept of global identifier (GID ) to tag unique accessions. Version 1.0 features the incipient International Barley Information System (IBIS) (S. Grando, ICARDA). The use of GIDs to generate up to 30 pedigree generations may be of particular interest to breeders. The data coverage comprises 28773 unique accessions (assigned GIDs). Interfacing these GIDs with accession Ids of individual collections, and assigment of GIDs to other unique accessions is needed.
ICIS: GID it?
To aid further compilations at the global level, the development of online registers for cultivar/pedigree/breeder/principal attribute data and standardisation of collection site information would be desirable.
Compilations of information about barley breeding such as those published by Arias et al. (1983), Baum et al. (1985), Baumer and Cais (2000) provide detailed information, which is presently being integrated with EBDB.
Tracking of the most original Id numbers (through feed back loops amongst databases/curators), standardisation of accession names (in reference to a cultivar register), assignment of GIDs and integration into IBIS, will pave the way towards a truly global inventory for barley genetic resources.
In principle, the concepts outlined above are also applicable to the linking of overlap between complete collections, and to the compilation of a global system for the documentation of plant genetic resources.
INSTCODE ORGANIZATION CITY_STATEAUS003 Australian Winter Cereals Collec. Agricultural Research Centre Tamworth NSWBRA003 National Res. Center of Genetic Resources and Biotechnology Brasilia DFBRA006 Instituto Agronomico de Campinas Campinas, Sao PauloCAN002 Brandon Research Station Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada Brandon, ManitobaCAN004 Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res. Cen. Saskatoon Research Centre Saskatoon, Saskatchewan CAN005 Departement de phytologie Universite Laval Quebec, Quebec CAN041 Lethbridge Research Station Agriculture Canada Lethbridge, AlbertaCHN001 Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, CAAS BeijingCYP004 Agricultural Research Institute Plant Genetic Res. and Herbarium NicosiaCZE047 Agricultural Research Institute KromerizDEU001 Federal Centre for Breeding Research on Cultivated Plants(BAZ) BraunschweigDEU146 Genebank, Inst. for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) GaterslebenEGY002 Field Crops Research Institute Agricultural Research Centre (ARC) GizaETH001 Plant Genetic Resources Centre Addis AbabaFRA040 Station d'Amelioration des Plantes INRA Clermont-Ferrand CedexGBR011 John Innes Centre Norwich Research Park Norwich, NorfolkHUN003 Institute for Agrobotany TapioszeleIND004 Indian Agricultural Research Institute New DelhiISR003 Lieberman Germplasm Bank, Tel-Aviv Univ. Tel-AvivISR004 Institute of Evolution Haifa University HaifaJPN003 Nat. Inst. of Agrobio. Resources Tsukuba-gun, Ibaraki-kenJPN108 Okayama University KurashikiLBY001 Agricultural Research Centre TripoliNLD037 Center for Genetic Resoources The Netherlands (CGN) WageningenPER002 Universidad Nacional Agraria-La Molina. La Molina, LimaPOL003 Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute Blonie, RadzikowPOL020 Plant Breeding Station Plant Breeding and Acclimat. Inst. Bakow near KluczborkROM002 Genetic Resources Dep. - Research Inst. for Cereals and Ind. Crops Fundulea, Judetul CalarasiRUS001 N.I. Vavilov Research Institute of Plant Industry St. PetersburgSWE001 Dept. of Plant Breeding Research Swedish Univ. of Agric. Sciences SvalovSYR002 Internat. Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas AleppoUKR044 Institute of Agroecology and Biotechnology KievUSA029 National Small Grains Research Facility, USDA-ARS Aberdeen, Idaho
