INSHIRAH QADRI

Nose, Mouth, and Throat

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NOSE

1ST segment of the respiratory system

Sensory organ for smell

Olfactory :S / test sense of smell

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Nasal Cavity

Nasal cavity-much larger than external nose

-Extends back over the roof of the mouth

Nasal hair filter inhaled air

Rest of cavity lined with ciliated mucous

membrane to filter out dust and bacteria

Nasal cavity divided medially by the

septum into 2 air passages

Anterior part of septum holds rich

vascular network(Kiesselbach’s plexus)

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Nasal Cavity

Nasal mucosa appear more red

in color than oral mucosa

3 parallel bony projections

Superior turbinates

Middle turbinates

Inferior turbinates

Underlying each turbinate is the

meatus

The sinuses drain into the middle meatus

Tears drain into the inferior meatus

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Structures of the Nasal Cavity

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Paranasal Sinuses

Air-filled pockets within the cranium

lined with ciliated mucous membrane

Functions: lighten wt. of skull bones, serve as resonators

for sound production, and provide mucus, which drains into

nasal cavity

Sinus openings

narrow & easily occluded

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Nose - Sinuses

Frontal and

maxillary

Which sinuses can

we examine?

Only the ethmoid and

maxillary sinuses are

present at birth. Frontal

develop between 7 and 8

years. Sphenoid develop

after puberty.

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Mouth

Segment of the digestion & respiratory systems

Oral cavity- contains teeth, gums, tongue, and salivary glands

Hard palate-anterior: bone and is white

Soft palate-posterior: muscle , pink & mobile

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Mouth

Uvula-free projection hanging down from the middle of the soft

palate

Floor of mouth-consists of mandible bone, the tongue, and

underlying muscles

Tongue- striated muscle; papillae on its dorsal surface

Frenulum- midline fold of tissue that connects the tongue to the

floor of the mouth

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Figure 16-4 p. 374

Oral Cavity Structures

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Salivary Glands

Parotid Gland

Largest

Lies within the cheeks in front of the ear

Submandibular

size of a walnut

Lies beneath the mandible

Sublingual

Smallest

Almond-shaped

lies under the tongue

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Salivary Glands

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Teeth

Adults have 32 permanent teeth-

16 upper arch & 16 lower arch

Tooth-crown, neck & root

Gums (gingivae) -thick fibrous

tissue covered with mucous

membrane

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•There are 32 adult teeth, 16 in each jaw. 14

Subjective Data

OLD CART

Nose: Epistaxis; nosebleeds

allergies, altered ell,discharge…etc

Mouth and throat:

Dysphagia-difficulty swallowing,

bleeding gum

Smoking , toothache, sore throat

Self care behaviors

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Inspect and Palpate the Nose

External nose

symmetric, in the midline, and in proportion to other facial

features

Nasal cavity

red color, smooth and moist surface

Nasal septum

no deviation, no bleeding or perforation

Middle and inferior turbinates

light red color

no polyps-smooth, pale gray, and non-tender

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The Nasal Cavity

➢ Speculum

No swelling, discharge or foreign body

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Palpate the sinus areas

Using thumbs, press over frontal sinuses below eyebrow, and over maxillary sinuses below cheekbone.

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Inspect the Mouth

Lips: Pink color, moist, no cracking, or lesions

Oral mucosa: color, ulcers, white patches

Teeth absent, loose, or abnormally positioned

teeth

Gums pink or coral with dotted

surface

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Tongue

Dorsal surface pink and even with

a thin white coating

rough

Ventral surface-smooth, glistening, and shows veins and saliva

No white patches or lesions

❖Palpate the tongue under

❖ the tongue( U shape)

No lesions, nodules, ulcerations.

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Tongue

Assess the hypoglossal nerve(CN XII).

Motor assessment

Ask the client to roll the tongue upward.

Ask the client to move from side to side and protrude out.

ask the patient to push the tongue against the inside of each cheek in turn as you palpate externally for strength.

Ask the client to say "Light tight Dynamite". Note lingual speech. (Sound of letters I, t, d, & n) is clear

& distinct.

Seosory assessment

Assess the tongue for taste (CN Vll and CN lX).

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Inspect Palate

Shine light up to the roof

of the mouth

anterior hard palate-white

posterior soft palate-pink,

smooth and upwardly mobile

uvula-ask person to say ahh - the

soft palate and uvula rise in the

midline (CN IX & X)

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Inspect the Throat

Using light, observe the oval, rough-surfaced tonsils; color

pink with indentations

Depress tongue with tongue blade to view the posterior

pharyngeal wall

No enlargement, no bad odor and good hygiene

+1: tonsils are visible

+2: tonsils are between the

tonsillar pillars & the uvula

+3: tonsils are touching the uvula

+4: tonsils are touching each other.

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tonsillar enlargement

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