Norwegian Institute of International Affairs Norsk Utenrikspolitisk Institutt Root Causes of...
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![Page 1: Norwegian Institute of International Affairs Norsk Utenrikspolitisk Institutt Root Causes of Terrorism Presentation by Dr. Tore Bjørgo Senior Research.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082917/55149f51550346b2598b5a30/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Norwegian Institute
of InternationalAffairs
NorskUtenrikspolitiskInstitutt
Root Causes of Terrorism
Presentation by
Dr. Tore Bjørgo
Senior Research Fellow, Norwegian Institute of International AffairsandProfessor of Police Science, National Police Academy, Oslo
![Page 2: Norwegian Institute of International Affairs Norsk Utenrikspolitisk Institutt Root Causes of Terrorism Presentation by Dr. Tore Bjørgo Senior Research.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082917/55149f51550346b2598b5a30/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Norwegian Institute
of InternationalAffairs
NorskUtenrikspolitiskInstitutt
Invalidated myths about causes of terrorism:
• Poverty: There are only a weak and indirect relationships between poverty and terrorism
• State sponsorship of terrorism: not a root cause to terrorism, but an enabling factor • Religious fanaticism: Suicidal terrorism is not caused by religion as such, but religion may give shape to and justification of political extremism
• Madness: Terrorists are not insane or irrational actors
![Page 3: Norwegian Institute of International Affairs Norsk Utenrikspolitisk Institutt Root Causes of Terrorism Presentation by Dr. Tore Bjørgo Senior Research.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082917/55149f51550346b2598b5a30/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Norwegian Institute
of InternationalAffairs
NorskUtenrikspolitiskInstitutt
Preconditions for terrorism:• Lack of democracy, civil rights and
the rule of law
• Failed or weak states
• Rapid modernization
• Illegitimate and corrupt governments
• Powerful external actors upholding corrupt regimes
• Extremist ideologies (secular or religious)
![Page 4: Norwegian Institute of International Affairs Norsk Utenrikspolitisk Institutt Root Causes of Terrorism Presentation by Dr. Tore Bjørgo Senior Research.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082917/55149f51550346b2598b5a30/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Norwegian Institute
of InternationalAffairs
NorskUtenrikspolitiskInstitutt
More preconditions for terrorism…
• Historical traditions of political violance, civil war, revolutions, dictatorship or occupation
• Hegemony and inequality in power
• Repression by foreign occupation or colonial powers
• Failure by the state to integrate dissident groups or emerging social classes • The experience of social injustice
• The experience of discrimination on the basis of ethnic or religious origin
![Page 5: Norwegian Institute of International Affairs Norsk Utenrikspolitisk Institutt Root Causes of Terrorism Presentation by Dr. Tore Bjørgo Senior Research.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082917/55149f51550346b2598b5a30/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Norwegian Institute
of InternationalAffairs
NorskUtenrikspolitiskInstitutt
Precipitants of terrorism:
• The presence of charismatic ideological leaders
• Provocative events triggering violent responses
![Page 6: Norwegian Institute of International Affairs Norsk Utenrikspolitisk Institutt Root Causes of Terrorism Presentation by Dr. Tore Bjørgo Senior Research.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082917/55149f51550346b2598b5a30/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Norwegian Institute
of InternationalAffairs
NorskUtenrikspolitiskInstitutt
Factors sustaining terrorism: Terrorism may continue for other reasons
than what gave birth to it, such as…
• The need of the group to provide for its members or for the survival of the group
• Profitable criminal activities
• No exit from violence and extremism
• Cycles of revenge
![Page 7: Norwegian Institute of International Affairs Norsk Utenrikspolitisk Institutt Root Causes of Terrorism Presentation by Dr. Tore Bjørgo Senior Research.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082917/55149f51550346b2598b5a30/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Norwegian Institute
of InternationalAffairs
NorskUtenrikspolitiskInstitutt
For more information…
Check our Knowledge Base on Terrorism and
International Crime:
http://www.nupi.no/English/ (click ”Research” on the top menu)