Northern State Medical University Arkhangelsk

(Tempus IV 159328)

Seminar on Quality Control Standards in Higher Medical School

Student’s Mobility in European Faculties

Pr Sylvain MeurisFaculté de Médecine

Université Libre de Bruxelles

Is it necessary to promote mobility in medical schools ?Social missions of a Faculty of Medicine ?

To locally educate and train local students to become physicians available for local patients...

To produce physicians able to understand, communicate, relieve and cure patients, in their own language

The answer is no However,...

Reasons for student mobility The training of future medical doctors must

meet the needs in the society Rapid changes in the demographics of Europe

induce new challenges for the Health Care systems

=> Openness and mobility of ideas in medical education and training are crucial to : Embrace new trends, Promote quality improvement and Accelerate global harmonisation

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Is mobility easy ? Academic track is complex

not easily comprehensible not legible

Is Rigid Precocious choice Impossibility to shift

No International Recognition reduced mobility quite impossible mobility

Why is it so difficult to move as a student ?

History of student mobilityFrom Middle Age to XIXth century

Separation between academic and political authorities

Jus ubique docendi Mobility of

Students Teachers Ideas – Printing

Common language Scientific Societies Common academic rules for graduation

Industrialized RevolutionAn Evolution ?

Birth of Modern nations and Taxes

Hermetic barriers to mobility Frontiers, Passports, National currencies,

National rules in all domains Strategic economical activity Competition, struggle and wars

Industrialized Revolution :Consequences for Universities ?

Directly subsidized by the State Academics designated by the State Control on

Curriculum Research domains Prestige, secrets & patents

Complex regulation for (no) diploma recognition...

European Union A (very) slow harmonization

Mobility of goods Single Market Borders abolition

Mobility of citizens Common passport Schengen area

Mobility of wealth, Single currency € Direct tax harmonization (VAT)

=> Loss of national power

EU principle : Mobility of citizens

Private sector : Open Public sector : Closed

No diploma recognition Exception rule

Principle of mutual recognition of professional ability (1975)

Regulated professions physicians, pharmacists, dentists, veterinary, nurses,...

Punishable obstruction => Condemned States

Bologna declaration (1999)

Adopted by Ministries of education

29 countries (46 today) Harmonization of diploma (Ba-Ma-Do or LMD) System de transferable credits (ECTS) Promotion of mobility Quality assurance of qualifications

Diploma supplement Objectives of competences

European Recognition => European Space for Higher Education

Harmonization, Mutual Recognition and Confidence

Objective : training recognized everywhere in Europe to improve

mobility of young generations

Benefits of training harmonization

- MOBILITY of students and teachers

- Automatic RECOGNITION of diploma

- EMPLOYABILITY across the EU

- ATTRACTIVENESS of the European education system

The reform of medical curricula

Basic Scientific Content

Clinical Content

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GRADUATION

ScientificContent

ClinicalContent

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Traditional curriculum Reformed curriculum

Master ofMedicine

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first cycle

Bachelor

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second cycle??

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ScientificContent

ClinicalContent

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Ba / Ma CurriculumReformed curriculum

Reformed and Ba/Ma medical curricula

UE : promotion of student mobility

1987 - Pilot Phase

Initiated by the Commission

Limited number of Faculties

1989 - Program launched in medicine

Consortium 20 Faculties of medicine - AU,

BE, CH, DE, DK, ES, FR, GR, IR, PT, SE, UK

enlarged to > 50 in 2010

Unequal national mobility policies

2002 : 1 million2010 : 3 millions (= 5% of student population)Future : cumulative ECTS, Life Long Learning

European Student Mobility

Obstacles to mobility Governments face problems of

Education Infrastructure Health Budget Health Coverage

Hospitals Equipment

=> General tendency to limit expenses Decrease supply & Limit Medical Education

Consequences of restrictions

Decrease in care offer Discontent of people

Unexpected aging population Desertified rural areas Disorganisation of hospitals

Solutions To attract physicians from other countries To produce more health workers

Migration policies

Unfair competition between hospitals and countries Attractive salaries Brain drain

Cost evaluation of training : 60000 dollars / physician

=> Rapt of more than 500 millions dollars per year from developing countries to industrialized countries

Consequences : Unequal distribution

World Distribution of Physicians

Total Number - 7’500’000(WHO stats, 2007)

Conclusions Objective : To disseminate quality standards

and transfer of know-how for the benefits of patients and the society

Measures : Short-term mobility

During medical studies During specialization Life-long learning

Increase training capacity New medical schools in developing world

Develop networking Between universities, hospitals, scientific societies Between diaspora and local physicians