North Carolina vs Marcus Robinson Order overturning his death penalty

8/2/2019 North Carolina vs Marcus Robinson Order overturning his death penalty

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]PBPD IG KIVPL MBVICEKB

MITKPU IG MTOFDVCBK@

]PBPD IG KIVPL MBVICEKB

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OBVMT] VDUOIK@ VIFEK]IK

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EK PLD ADKDVBC MITVP IG NT]PEMD

]TZDVEIV MITVP @EWE]EIK

GECD KI+ 52 MV] 6=20=

IV@DV AVBKPEKA OIPEIK

GIV BZZVIZVEBPD VDCEDG

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6:26# pld Vbmebc Nt}pemd Bmp# fdmbt}d vbmd qb} b }eakegembkp gbmpiv ek pld zvi}dmtpeik!} t}d ig

zdvdozpivu }pvehd} ek Kivpl Mbvicekb# pld givmedv ]dmik` Ntèmebc @ewe}eik# bk` Mtofdvcbk`

Mitkpu bp pld peod ig Vifek}ik!} 2550 mbzepbc pvebc+

Pld Mitvp mikwdkd` bk due`dkpebvu ldbveka ik Nbktbvu =:# 6:26{ Plbp ldbveka mikmct`d`

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pld Odmhcdkftva Mitkpu Fbv8 Obcmico Vbu Ltkpdv# Nv+# ig pld Ivbkad Mitkpu Fbv# bk` Nbu L+

Gdvat}ik bk` Mb}}bk`vb ]ptff} ig pld @tvlbo Mitkpu Fbv+ Pld ]pbpd qb} vdzvd}dkpd` fu

Mbcwek Q+ Micudv bk` Vifdvp P+ Plioz}ik ig pld Iggemd ig pld @e}pvemp Bppivkdu giv pld 26pl

@e}pvemp+

Bgpdv mik}e`dveka pld dwe dkmd bk` pd}peoiku zvd}dkpd` pi pld Mitvp# bk` pld bvatodkp}

ig mitk}dc# pld Mitvp obhd} pld gicciqeka Gekèka} ig Gbmp bk` Mikmct}eik} ig Cbq ek }tzzivp ig

ep} iv dv gekèka plbp vbmd qb}# ek gbmp# b }eakegembkp gbmpiv ek pld zvi}dmtpeik!} t}d ig zdvdozpivu

}pvehd}# bk` pldvdfu avbkpeka pld @dgdk`bkp!} Oipeik giv Vdcedg Ztv}tb#k#p#Ni pld V #gcmebc +++N>pE#{p{S{E## ! & & ! D ! 2%!#2 m ] p + > ]Tv!p>H"Te&>S+;WIgSpEnC gS+S #+2 # !n!c/W&

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Bmp# wbmbpeka pld `dbpl }dkpdkmd# bk` eozi}eka b }dkpdkmd ig cegd eozve}ikodkp qeplitp

zi}}efecepu ig zbvicd+

ZBVP E+ ZVDCEOEKBVU OBPPDV]

B+ EKPVI@TMPEIK

Ek dkbmpeka pld Vbmebc Nt}pemd Bmp ,VNB%# pld Kivpl Mbvicekb Adkdvbc B}}dofcu ob`d

mcdbv plbp pld cbq ig Kivpl Mbvicekb vdndmp} pld ekgctdkmd ig vbmd è}mveoekbpeik ek pld

bòeke}pvbpeik ig pld `dbpl zdkbcpu+ PldVNB vdzvd}dkp} b cbkòbvh vdgivo ek Kivpl Mbvicekb# b

}pbpd qleml lb} cika fddk b cdb`dv ek givqbv /plekheka mveoekbc nt}pemd zicemed}+

Ep e} b qe`dcu/bmmdzpd` pvtpl plbp vbmd è}mveoekbpeik lb} le}pivembccu lb` b è}pivpeka

dggdmp ik kbpeikbc bk` }pbpd zicemu ek dwdvu b}zdmp ig itv zvewbpd bk` ztfcem cewd}# ekmct eka

d`tmbpeik# lit}eka# dozciuodkp# bk` mveoekbc nt}pemd+ Gewd `dmb`d} vdoiwd` gvio pld Mewec

Vealp} Bmp ig 2570# ek pld qbhd ig pld dcdmpeik ig pld gev}p Bgvembk/Bodvembk zvd}e`dkp ig pld

Tkepd` ]pbpd}# bk` ek pld gbmd ig zdv}e}pdkp mcbeo} bk` }iod dwe dkmd ig pld mikpekteka dggdmp} ig

vbmebc zvdnt emd ek pld bzzcembpeik ig pld `dbpl zdkbcpu# pld Adkdvbc B}}dofcu bmmdzpd` pld

mlbccdkad e}}td` fu pld Tkepd` ]pbpd} ]tzvdod Mitvp ek OmMcd}hdu w+ Hdoz+ B` vd}}eka pld

}pbpd cdae}cbptvd}# pld OmMcd}hdu Mitvp vtcd` plbp ep qb} pld `tpu ig pld }pbpd} &pi vd}zik` pi pld

qecc bk` mik}drtdkpcu pld oivbc wbctd} ig pld zdizcd& qldk b``vd}}eka pld èggemtcp bk` miozcd|

e}}td ig vbmebc zvdnt emd ek pld bòeke}pvbpeik ig mbzepbc ztke}lodkp+ 0


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Pld VNB e`dkpeged} plvdd èggdvdkp mbpdaived} ig vbmebc è}zbveped} b `dgdk`bkp obu zvd}dkp

ek iv dv pi oddp pld &}eakegembkp gbmpiv& }pbk`bv # bku ig qleml# }pbkèka bcikd# e} }tggemedkp pi

d}pbfce}l bk VNB weicbpeik> dwe`dkmd plbp `dbpl }dkpdkmd} qdvd }italp iv eozi}d` oivd

gvdrtdkpcu tzik `dgdk`bkp} ig ikd vbmd plbk ipldv}8 dwe dkmd plbp!`dbpl }dkpdkmd} qdvd }italp iv

eozi}d` oivd gvdrtdkpcu ik fdlbcg ig wempeo} ig ikd vbmd plbk ipldv}8 iv dwe dkmd plbp vbmd qb}

b }eakegembkp gbmpiv ek `dme}eik} pi d|dvme}d zdvdozpivu }pvehd} `tveka ntvu }dcdmpeik+ K+M+ Adk+

]pbp+ { 24B/6:22,f%,2%/,=%+ Ep e} pld plev` mbpdaivu# dwe dkmd ig e}mveoekbpeik ekntvu }dcdmpeik#

plbp qb} pld }tfndmp ig pld kdbvcu plvdd qddh cika dwe dkpebvu ldbveka ldc ek ple} mb}d+

Ek pld gev}p mb}d pi b`wbkmd pi bk dwe dkpebvu ldbveka tk`dv pld VNB# Vifek}ik ekpvi`tmd`

b qdbcpl ig dwe`dkmd }liqeka pld zdv}e}pdkp# zdvwb}ewd# bk` è}pivpeka vicd ig vbmd ek ntvu

}dcdmpeik plvitalitp Kivpl Mbvicekb+ Pld dwe`dkmd# cbvadcu cekvdftppd` fu pld ]pbpd# vdrtevd}

vdcedg ek le} mb}d bk` }litc` }dvwd b} b mcdbv }eakbc ig pld kdd` giv vdgivo ek mbzepbc ntvu }dcdmpeik

zvimddèka} ek pld gtptvd+

F+ ZVIMD@TVBC LE]PIVU

Ik Btat}p 4#2552# Obvmt} Vifek}ik# bk Bgvembk/Bodvembk# qb} ekèmpd` giv pld otv`dv

ig Dveh Pivkfcio+ Vifek}ik!} mbzepbc pvebc fdabk ik Ntcu 2=# 2550# ek pld ]tzdveiv Mitvp ig

Mtofdvcbk` Mitkpu# pld Likivbfcd D+ Cukk Nilk}ik zvd}e eka+ Vifek}ik qb} gitk` atecpu ig

gev}p/ davdd otv dv ik Btat}p 2# 2550# bk` }dkpdkmd` pi `dbpl ik Btat}p 4# 2550+

Pld ]tzvdod Mitvp ig Kivpl Mbvicekb gitk` ki zvdnt emebc dvviv ek pld pvebc iv }dkpdkmeka

ldbveka+ ]pbpd w+Vifek}ik# =06 K+M+ 10 ,2554%+ Pld Tkepd` ]pbpd} ]tzvdod Mitvp `dked`

vdwedq+ Vifek}ik w+ Kivpl Mbvicekb# 421 T+]+ 2251 ,2557%+

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Vifek}ik!} zi}p/mikwempeik bzzdbc} ek }pbpd bk` gd`dvbc mitvp qdvd tk}tmmd}}gtc+ ]dd

]pbpd w+ Vifek}ik# =4: K+M+

Pld ]pbpd pldvdbgpdv }mld`tcd` Vifek}ik!} d|dmtpeik giv Nbktbvu 67# 6::1+ Vifek}ik

gecd` b mewec bmpeik ek pld ]tzdveiv Mitvp ig Qbhd Mitkpu mlbccdkaeka pld @dzbvpodkp ig

Mivvdmpeik!} cdplbc ekndmpeik zvipimic+ Ik Nbktbvu 64# 6::1# pld Likivbfcd @ikbc` Q+ ]pdzldk}

dkpdvd` bk iv`dv }pbueka Vifek}ik!} d|dmtpeik+ Plbp cepeabpeik e} ikaieka+

Ik Btat}p 2:# 6::5# Kivpl Mbvicekb dkbmpd` pld VNB# K+M+ Adk+ ]pbp+ a24B/6:2: pi

6:26+ Ik Btat}p 7# 6:2:# Vifek}ik peodcu gecd` b oipeik giv bzzvizvebpd vdcedg ztv}tbkp pi pld

VNB+ Vifek}ik }tzzivpd` le} VNB oipeik qepl dwe dkmd ig b }pbpe}pembc bkbcu}e} ig ntvu }dcdmpeik

mik`tmpd` fu vd}dbvmldv} bp pld Oemleabk ]pbpd Tkewdv}epu Miccdad ig Cbq ,ldvdbgpdv &O]T

]pt`u&%+

Gicciqeka vdwedq ig Vifek}ik!} VNB oipeik bk` pld ]pbpd!} bk}qdv# ple} Mitvp iv`dvd`

bk dwe dkpebvu ldbveka ik Vifek}ik!} mcbeo} plbp vbmd qb} b }eakegembkp gbmpiv ek pld ]pbpd!}

`dme}eik} pi d|dvme}d zdvdozpivu }pvehd} ek mbzepbc mb}d} plvitalitp Kivpl Mbvicekb# ek pld givodv

]dmik` Nt emebc @ewe}eik# bk` ek pld 26pl

@e}pvemp# Mtofdvcbk` Mitkpu+ Pld Mitvp }mld`tcd` pld

ldbveka giv ]dzpdofdv 7# 6:22+

Ik Ntcu 1# 6:22# ple} Mitvp `evdmpd` pld Iggemd giv Ek eadkp @dgdk}d ]dvwemd} pi bzziekp

Ldk`dv}ik Lecc# Nbu L+ Gdvat}ik bk` Obcmico Vbu Ltkpdv# Nv+# b} mitk}dc giv Vifek}ik giv

ztvzi}d} ig mik`tmpeka pld VNB ldbveka+ Pld Mitvp vdcedwd` Adiggvdu Q+ Li}giv` bk` Oemlbdc

V+ Vboi}# Vifek}ik!} zi}p/mikwempeik bppivkdu}# ig vd}zik}efecepu giv cepeabpeik ig pld VNB

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mcbeo}+ ]tf}drtdkpcu# Nbod} D+ Gdvat}ik# EE# qb} bzziekpd` pi vdzcbmd Ldk`dv}ik Lecc+

Mb}}bk`vb ]ptff}# bk bppivkdu }dvweka zvi fiki# bc}i dkpdvd` kipemd ig bzzdbvbkmd ik

Vifek}ik!} fdlbcg+

Ik ]dzpdofdv 7# 6:22# ple} Mitvp ldbv` oipeik} fu pld zbvped} ik `e}miwdvu bk`

}mld`tceka obppdv}# bk` avbkpd` pld ]pbpd!} oipeik pi mikpektd pld dwe`dkpebvu ldbveka+ Pld

Mitvp vd}mld`tcd` pld dwe dkpebvu ldbveka g`v Kiwdofdv 20# 6:22+

Ik Kiwdofdv


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M+ QEPKD]]D] BK@ DWE@DKMD ZVD]DKPD@

Pld gicciqeka qepkd}}d} pd}peged` ik Vifek}ik!} fdlbcg>

Fbvfbvb I!Fvedk e} bk b}}imebpd zvigd}}iv bp pld Oemleabk ]pbpd Tkewdv}epu Miccdad ig

Cbq+ I!Fvedk vdmdewd` b N+@+ ek 2557 gvio pld Tkewdv}epu ig Micivbì ]mliic ig Cbq+ ]ld

qivhd` giv pqi udbv} b} bk b}}e}pbkp Bzzdccbpd @dgdk`dv ek Eccekie} bk` giv plvdd udbv} ek b

mcdvh}lez ek pld gd`dvbc è}pvemp mitvp ek pld Mdkpvbc @e}pvemp ig Eccekie}+ I!Fvedk dbvkd` b Zl+@+ ek

}imebc z}umliciau ek 6::1 gvio pld Tkewdv}epu ig Oemleabk+ ]ld miozcdpd` ktodvit} ekpdk}ewd

avb`tbpd mcb}}d} ik odpliìciau bk` }pbpe}pem}+ I!Fvedk lb} `d}eakd` bk` mik`tmpd`

d|zdveodkpbc bk` dozevembc }pbpe}pembc vd}dbvml# bzzcueka ldv cdabc# odpliìciaembc bk` }pbpe}pembc

pvbekeka+ ]ld lb} ztfce}ld` bp cdb}p gewd cdabc dozevembc }pt ed} ek zddv/vdwedqd` bvpemcd}+ ]ld

lb} ztfce}ld` zddv/vdwedqd` cdabc }ptèd} tpece~eka miozcd| `bpbfb}d} bk` bzzcueka èggdvdkp

}pbpe}pembc odpli } ekmct eka vdavd}}eik oi dc}# otcpewbvebpd vdavd}}eik# ciae}pem vdavd}}eik# bk`

cekdbv vdavd}}eik+ Pld Mitvp bmmdzpd` I!Fvedk b} bk d|zdvp ek }imebc }medkmd vd}dbvml bk`

dozevembc cdabc }ptèd}+ LPz+ 2:5+ Fb}d` tzik b miozvdldk}ewd }ptù d|boekeka pld

zdvdozpivu }pvehd `dme}eik} ek Kivpl Mbvicekb mbzepbc mb}d}# I!Fvedk mikmct`d` plbp vbmd qb} b

}eakegembkp gbmpiv ek pld d|dvme}d ig zdvdozpivu mlbccdkad} ek mbzepbc mb}d} fu zvi}dmtpiv} ek

Kivpl Mbvicekb# pld givodv ]dmik` Ntèmebc @ewe}eik# bk` Mtofdvcbk` Mitkpu bp pld peod ig

Vifek}ik!} pvebc+

Adivad Qii`qivpl e} b zvigd}}iv dodvept} ig }pbpe}pem} bk` ig ztfcem ldbcpl bp pld

Tkewdv}epu ig Eiqb+ Qii`qivpl vdmdewd` b Zl+@+ ek obpldobpembc }pbpe}pem} gvio pld Tkewdv}epu

ig Oekkd}ipb+ Qii`qivpl qb} dozciud` b} bk b}}e}pbkp zvigd}}iv ig }pbpe}pem} bp ]pbkgiv`

Tkewdv}epu+ Bp pld Tkewdv}epu ig Eiqb# Qii`qivpl }dvwd` b} b zvigd}}iv ig }pbpe}pem} bk`

bmptbvebc }medkmd# bk` lb` b niekp bzziekpodkp ek fei}pbpe}pem} ek pld Miccdad ig Ztfcem Ldbcpl+

7+


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Qii`qivpl lb} bzzced` ciae}pem vdavd}}eik bk` cekdbv oi`dc} ek le} bzzced` vd}dbvml ek pld bvdb}

ig fei}pbpe}pem}# dozciuodkp è}mveoekbpeik# bk` mveoekbc nt}pemd+ Ld lb} ztfce}ld` b pd|pfiih

ik fei}pbpe}pem}+ Ld lb} ztfce}ld` ktodvit} }pt ed} ekwicweka cdabc dozevembc bkbcu}d} ig

è}mveoekbpeik ek mlbvaeka bk` }dkpdkmeka ek `dbpl zdkbcpu mb}d}+ Ld lb} ztfce}ld` }ptèd} t}eka

b peod/wbvueka midggemedkp ek vdavd}}eik oi`dc} plbp zdvoep} vd}dbvmldv} pi zekziekp pld dggdmp ig

otcpezcd wbvebfcd} bp b zbvpemtcbv ziekp ek peod fb}d` ik `bpb miccdmpd` iwdv b cbvadv peod }zbk+

Qii`qivpl lb} fddk zvdweit}cu bòeppd` b} bk d|zdvp }pbpe}pemebk fu }pbpd bk` gd`dvbc mitvp}+

Pld Mitvp bmmdzpd` Qii`qivpl b} bk d|zdvp }pbpe}pemebk+ LPz+ 42:+ Qii`qivpl pd}peged` plbp

vbmd qb} b }eakegembkp gbmpiv ek pld d|dvme}d ig zdvdozpivu mlbccdkad} ek mbzepbc mb}d} fu

zvi}dmtpiv} ek Kivpl Mbvicekb# pld givodv ]dmik` Nt emebc @ewe}eik# bk` Mtofdvcbk` Mitkpu bp

pld peod ig Vifek}ik!} pvebc+

]botdc V+ ]ioodv} e} bk b}}imebpd zvigd}}iv ig z}umliciau bp Ptgp} Tkewdv}epu+

]ioodv} vdmdewd` b Zl+@+ ek z}umliciau ek 6::6 gvio pld Tkewdv}epu ig Oemleabk+ Ld pdbmld}

avb`tbpd bk` tk`dvavb`tbpd mitv}d} ik vd}dbvml odpli }# }imebc z}umliciau# bk` pld ekpdv}dmpeik

fdpqddk z}umliciau bk` pld cdabc }u}pdo+ Ld e} b odofdv ig pld Bodvembk Z}umliciau/Cbq

]imedpu+ ]ioodv} lb} ztfce}ld` }dwdvbc zddv/vdwedqd` bvpemcd} vdabv eka cdabc `dme}eik/obheka

bk` vbmd+ Ld e} mtvvdkpcu b odofdv ig pld dèpivebc fibv`} ig plvdd zddv/vdwedqd` }medkpegem

nitvkbc} ekmctèka Cbq bk` Ltobk Fdlbweiv+ Ld lb} mik`tmpd` d|zdveodkpbc vd}dbvml ik vbmd

bk` ntvu }dcdmpeik ek b mikpviccd` }dppeka+ ]ioodv} lb} fddk bòeppd` b} bk d|zdvp ek b ktofdv

ig zvdweit} mb}d}# ekmct eka plvdd mbzepbc mb}d}# ek }pbpd bk` gd`dvbc mitvp}+ Pld Mitvp bmmdzpd`

]ioodv} b} bk d|zdvp ek }imebc z}umliciau# vd}dbvml odpliìciau# pld ekgctdkmd ig vbmd ik

zdvmdzpeik# ntàodkp bk` `dme}eik/obheka# vbmd bk` pld Tkepd` ]pbpd} cdabc }u}pdo# bk` vbmd bk`

ntvu }dcdmpeik+ LPz+ 16


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plbp vbmd qb} b }eakegembkp gbmpiv ek pld d|dvme}d ig zdvdozpivu mlbccdkad} ek mbzepbc mb}d} fu

zvi}dmtpiv} ek Kivpl Mbvicekb+ LPz+ 110+

Fvubk ]pdwdk}ik e} b zvigd}}iv ig cbq bp pld Kdq Uivh Tkewdv}epu ]mliic ig Cbq bk` pld

èvdmpiv ig pld Drtbc Nt}pemd Ekepebpewd ,Dcc% ek Oikpaiodvu# Bcbfbob+ ]pdwdk}ik vdmdewd` b N+@+

gvio Lbvwbv Tkewdv}epu Cbq ]mliic bk` b Ob}pdv} `davdd ek ztfcem zicemu bp pld Nilk G+

Hdkkdù ]mliic ig Aiwdvkodkp gimt}d` IEc pld ekgctdkmd ig vbmd bk` ziwdvpu ek pld

bòeke}pvbpeik ig mveoekbc nt}pemd+ ]pdwdk}ik pdbmld} ek pld bvdb} ig mveoekbc nt}pemd# Dealpl

Bodkòdkp cbq# mbzepbc ztke}lodkp cbq# bk` mveoekbc zvimd`tvd+ ]pdwdk}ik lb} mik`tmpd`#

vd}dbvml bk` ztfce}ld` ek pld bvdb} ig vbmd bk` adk`dv è}mveoekbpeik ek ntvu }dcdmpeik# bk` vbmebc

feb} ek }dkpdkmeka ek mveoekbc mb}d}+ Ek 6:2:# ]pdwdk}ik ztfce}ld` b }ptù d|boekeka pld e}}td

ig vbmebc feb} ek ntvu }dcdmpeik bmvi}} pld ]itpl+ ]pdwdk}ik lb} fddk bòeppd` b} bk d|zdvp ik

/

vbmd ek ntvu }dcdmpeik ek }dwdvbc }pbpd}+ Pld Mitvp bmmdzpd` ]pdwdk}ik b} bk d|zdvp ek vbmd bk`

pld cbq+ LPz+


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Pd|b} bfitp eozcemep feb}+ Pvi}ml lb} bc}i pvbekd` ntàd}# }imebc z}umliciae}p} bk` ipldv d|zdvp}

ek liq pi pdbml bfitp eozcemep feb}+ Pld Mitvp bmmdzpd` Pvi}ml b} bk d|zdvp ek eozcemep feb} ek

pld mitvpviio bk` ek odpli } giv vd`tmeka pld dggdmp ig eozcemep feb}+ LPz+ 2:6=+

Pld gicciqeka qepkd}}d} pd}peged` giv pld ]pbpd>

Pld Likivbfcd Nilk Qubpp @emh}ik lb} }dvwd` b} b è}pvemp mitvp ntàd ek Mtofdvcbk`

Mitkpu }ekmd 2557+ @emh}ik vdmdewd` b N+@+ gvio pld Tkewdv}epu ig Kivpl Mbvicekb bp Mlbzdc

Lecc ek 2517+ Gvio 2517 tkpec 2557# qldk ld b}mdk`d` pi pld fdkml# @emh}ik }dvwd` b} bk

b}}e}pbkp è}pvemp bppivkdu ek Mtofdvcbk` Mitkpu+ @tveka le} mbvddv b} b zvi}dmtpiv# @emh}ik

pved` 2: pi 24 mbzepbc otv dv mb}d}+ Ld zvi}dmtpd` pld Mtofdvcbk` Mitkpu mbzepbc mb}d} ig Nilk

OmKdec bk` Obvmt} Vifek}ik# b} qdcc b} pld 2554 vd}dkpdkmeka ig Ndggvdu Odudv+ Pld mb}d} ig

pld}d plvdd `dgdk`bkp} qdvd ekmct d` ek pld O]T ]ptù+

Pld Likivbfcd D+ Cukk Nilk}ik e} b vdpevd` }dkeiv vd}e`dkp }tzdveiv mitvp ntàd gvio

Mtofdvcbk` Mitkpu+ Nilk}ik vdmdewd` b N+@+ gvio pld Tkewdv}epu ig Kivpl Mbvicekb bp Mlbzdc

Lecc ek 2577+ Pldvdbgpdv# Nilk}ik qivhd` giv pld Gd`dvbc Ftvdbt ig Ekwd}peabpeik# b} bk b}}e}pbkp

}icemepiv ek Mtofdvcbk` bk` Lihd Mitkpu# bk` ek zvewbpd zvbmpemd+ Nilk}ik qb} bzziekpd` b} b

}tzdveiv mitvp ntàd ek 25


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Pld Likivbfcd Pliob} Cimh e} pld }dkeiv vd}e dkp }tzdveiv mitvp nt`ad ek Nilk}pik

Mitkpu+ Ld lb} }dvwd` ek plbp zi}epeik giv }e| udbv}+ Cimh zvdweit}cu }dvwd` b} pld `e}pvemp

bppivkdu giv Cdd# Lbvkdpp# bk` Nilk}pik Mitkpu giv 27 udbv}+ Cimh vdmdewd` le} N+@+ gvio pld

Tkewdv}epu ig Kivpl Mbvicekb bp Mlbzdc Lecc ek 25


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obppdv} ek Od embe` gvbt` mb}d} bk` ek btèp} giv pld Ekpdvkbc Vdwdktd ]dvwemd+ Hbp~ b}}e}pd` pld

Adivaeb Bppivkdu Adkdvbc ek pld mb}d ig OmMcd}hdu w+ Hdoz+ Ek pld OmMcd}hdu cepeabpeik# Hbp~

vdwedqd` `bpbfb}d} miozecd` fu `dgdk}d d|zdvp}# bk` b}}d}}d` pld vdcebfecepu bk` pld wbce epu ig

pld `bpb+ Hbp~ bc}i b}}e}pd` pld Adivaeb Bppivkdu Adkdvbc ek pld mb}d ig Livpik w+ ^bkp#

ekwicweka b ]qbek mlbccdkad pi pld zvi}dmtpiv!} t}d ig zdvdozpivu }pvehd} ek b obkkdv pi d|mct`d

fcbmh wdkevd odofdv}+ Hbp~ lb} bc}i b}}e}pd` }pbpd badkmed} ek `dgdk}d ig dozciuodkp

è}mveoekbpeik bk` wipeka vealp} mcbeo}+ Hbp~ lb} fddk bòeppd` b} b }pbpe}pembc d|zdvp ek }pbpd

bk` gd`dvbc cepeabpeik ek bzzvi|eobpdcu 6: mb}d}+ Pld Mitvp bmmdzpd` Hbp~ b} bk d|zdvp ek bzzced`

}pbpe}pem}# `bpb bkbcu}e}# bk` }bozceka+ LPz+ 216


12/168

Ek b`èpeik# pld Mitvp vdmdewd` oivd plbk 21: d|lefep}# ekmct eka pvebc pvbk}mvezp}# d|zdvp

vdzivp} bk` tk`dvcueka `bpb# }medkpegem vd}dbvml bvpemcd}# bgge bwep}# bk` ipldv ìmtodkpbvu

dwe`dkmd+

@+ DWE@DKPEBVU VTCEKA]

2+ Vifek}ik!} Oipeik ek Ceoekd ik Zvi}dmtpiv Pd}peoiku)Bgge bwep}+

Vifek}ik gecd` b oipeik ek ceoekd b}heka pld Mitvp pi zvdmct`d mdvpbek pd}peoiku iv

bgge`bwep} gvio zvi}dmtpiv} qli qdvd b}hd` pi vdwedq mbzepbc mb}d pvbk}mvezp} bk` pi zviwe d

vbmd/kdtpvbc d|zcbkbpeik} giv pld zvi}dmtpiv}! t}d ig zdvdozpivu }pvehd} pi d|mct`d zipdkpebc

Bgvembk/Bodvembk wdkevd odofdv}+ Qepl vd}zdmp pi zvi}dmtpiv} qli mik`tmpd` pld ntvu

}dcdmpeik zvimddèka} bp e}}td# Vifek}ik b}hd` pld Mitvp pi zvdmct`d pld ]pbpd gvio iggdveka b}

}tf}pbkpewd dwe dkmd bgge`bwep} iv pd}peoiku gvio pld}d zvi}dmtpiv} plbp e} odvdcu b vdmepbpeik ig

ekgivobpeik gitk` ek pld wiev èvd pvbk}mvezp+ Vifek}ik bvatd` plbp pld iveaekbc wiev èvd

pvbk}mvezp} d|boekd` fu pld O]T }ptù qdvd ek dwe dkmd bk # ztv}tbkp pi K+M+ V+ DWE@+ 0:=# pld

&dwe dkmd obu fd d|mct d` eg ep} zvifbpewd wbctd e} }tf}pbkpebccu itpqdeald` fu + +

mik}e dvbpeik} ig tk`td `dcbu# qb}pd ig peod# iv kdd`cd}} zvd}dkpbpeik ig mtotcbpewd dwe dkmd+&

Pld Mitvp iwdvvtcd} Vifek}ik!} ifndmpeik# bk` gek`} plbp pld zvifbpewd wbctd ig ple}

dwe`dkmd e} kip }tf}pbkpebccu itpqdeald` fu mik}e dvbpeik} ig tk`td `dcbu# qb}pd ig peod# iv

kdd`cd}} zvd}dkpbpeik ig mtotcbpewd dwe`dkmd+

Vifek}ik kd|p b}hd` pld Mitvp pi zvdmct`d pld ]pbpd gvio zvd}dkpeka bku }tf}pbkpewd

dwe`dkmd ek pld givo ig bgge`bwep} iv pd}peoiku gvio zvi}dmtpiv} qli qdvd kip zvd}dkp iv

ekwicwd` ek pld ntvu }dcdmpeik giv pld mb}d} pldu vdwedqd` bk` gvio zvi}dmtpiv} qli lb` ki

ek`dzdk`dkp vdmiccdmpeik ig ekgivobpeik gitk` ek pld wiev èvd pvbk}mvezp}+ Vifek}ik bvatd` plbp

K+M+ V+ DWE@+ 7:6 fbv} pd}peoiku iv bgge`bwep} gvio zvi}dmtpiv} qli lb` ki zdv}ikbc hkiqcdàd

26


13/168

iv gev}p/lbk` fb}e} giv `dpdvoekeka qlbp gbmpiv} pld pvebc zvi}dmtpiv} mik}e`dvd` qldk `dmeèka

qldpldv pi d|dvme}d zdvdozpivu }pvehd}+

Vifek}ik bvatd` ztv}tbkp pi K+M+ V+ DWE@+ 1:2 plbp zvi}dmtpiv} qli vdwedqd` wiev èvd

pvbk}mvezp} ftp qdvd kip zvd}dkp bp pld pvebc} }litc` fd zvdmct`d` gvio zviwe eka cbu izekeik}

bfitp pld pvebc zvi}dmtpiv!} oipewbpeik} giv t}eka zdvdozpivu }pvehd}+ Gekbccu# Vifek}ik bvatd`

plbp bku bppdozp fu pvbk}mvezp/vdwedqeka zvi}dmtpiv} pi pd}pegu bfitp pvebc zvi}dmtpiv}! vdb}ik} giv

}pveheka ntviv} mik}peptpd` ekbòe}}efcd ldbv}bu tk`dv K+M+ V+ DWE@+


14/168

Hbp~ }pbpd` ek le} vdzivp plbp ld }italp ate`bkmd gvio zvi}dmtpiv} plvitalitp Kivpl

Mbvicekb vdabvèka pldev vdb}ik} giv }pveheka Bgvembk/Bodvembk wdkevd odofdv}+ Ld gtvpldv

}pbpd` plbp ld b}hd` è}pvemp bppivkdu} pi `d}eakbpd bk b}}e}pbkp gboecebv qepl pld mb}d} bk`# giv

dbml Bgvembk/Bodvembk wdkevd odofdv qli qb} }pvtmh# pi zviwe`d b vbmd/kdtpvbc d|zcbkbpeik# eg

zi}}efcd+ Mbcwek Q+ Micudv bk` Mlbvcd} ]mipp zviwe d` ztvzivpd` vbmd/kdtpvbc vdb}ik} giv dbml

}pvehd ek pld dcdwdk mbzepbc mb}d} pved` ek Mtofdvcbk` Mitkpu bk` ekmct`d` ek pld O]T ]ptù+

]pbpdqe`d# Hbp~ vdmdewd` vd}zik}d} gvio b zvi}dmtpiv ek bfitp lbcg ig pld mbzepbc mb}d} bk` ikcu

lbcg ig pli}d vd}zik}d} qdvd gvio pld zvi}dmtpiv qli bmptbccu pved` pld mb}d+ Hbp~

bmhkiqcdàd` plbp le} }pbpdqe d `bpb }dp qb} &ekmiozcdpd& bk` &kip b vbkìo }bozcd ig bcc ]pbpd

}pvehd} ig fcbmh wdkevd odofdv} iwdv pld gtcc fiù ig 21= pvebc} }pbpdqe`d+& ]D00# Hbp~ vdzivp bp

=1+

Vifek}ik mikpdk`d` plbp Hbp~!} odpliìciau giv `dpdvoekeka b &pvtd vbmd/kdtpvbc

vdb}ik}& giv zvi}dmtpiv}! zdvdozpivu }pvehd} qb} fipl tkvdcebfcd bk` kip fb}d` ik ekgivobpeik

plbp }litc` fd vdb}ikbfcu vdced` tzik ek pld gedc` ig }pbpe}pem} bk` plt} qb} ekbòe}}efcd ztv}tbkp

pi K+M+ V+ DWE@+ 1:6 bk` 1:=+ Vifek}ik bvatd # boika ipldv pleka}# plbp Hbp~!} }tvwdu ig

zvi}dmtpiv} ìd} kip miozivp qepl fb}em }medkpegem zvekmezcd} bzzcembfcd pi }tvwdu} bk` plbp pld

}tvwdu} qdvd }pvtmptvd` ek b feb}d` obkkdv+

Vifek}ik gtvpldv mikpdk`d` plbp Hbp~!} mvi}}/pbftcbpeik bkbcu}e} qb} oe}cdbèka#

tkvdcebfcd# bk` kip fb}d` ik d}pbfce}ld` odpliìciaed} plbp bvd vdb}ikbfcu vdced` tzik ek pld

gedc` ig }pbpe}pem} bk` plt} qb} ekbòe}}efcd ztv}tbkp pi K+M+ V+ DWE@+ 1:6 bk` 1:=+ Vifek}ik

mikpdk`d` plbp Hbp~ mik`tmpd` b mvi}}/pbftcbpeik bkbcu}e} ek qleml ld oe|d` &zipdkpebc

d|zcbkbpivu gbmpiv}& plbp qdvd }liqk fu pld O]T ]ptù pi lbwd ceppcd iv ki d|zcbkbpivu wbctd#

bk` pldk èwe`d` pld }dp ig wdkevd odofdv} ekpi }tfavitz} }i }obcc plbp le} mvi}}/pbftcbpeik

20


15/168

oi`dc ci}p bcc ziqdv pi d|zcbek pld vdb}ik} fdlek` pld zvi}dmtpiv}! }pvehd}+

Hbp~ mbkè cu bòeppd` plbp pld &wbceèpu ig ple} ciae}pem oi`dc e} rtd}peikbfcd fdmbt}d

pld d|zcbkbpivu wbvebfcd} gep pld tk`dvcueka `bpb giv qldpldv iv kip pld ]pbpd }pvtmh pld wdkevd

odofdv pii qdcc+& ]D00# Hbp~ vdzivp bp 65+ Hbp~ bc}i bmhkiqcdàd` plbp vbmd/kdtpvbc

d|zcbkbpeik} zvi`tmd` fu le} mvi}}/pbftcbpeik bkbcu}e} &oealp kip fd pld pvtd vdb}ik}& giv pld

}pvehd}+ ]D00# Hbp~ Vdzivp bp =7+

Kivpl Mbvicekb lb} b &plvdd/}pdz orovu giv dwbctbpeka pld bòe}}efecepu ig d|zdvp

pd}peoiku tk`dv Vtcd 1:6> ,2% E} pld d|zdvp!} zviggdvd` odpli` ig zviig }tggemedkpcu vdcebfcd b}

bk bvdb giv d|zdvp pd}peoiku9 ,6% E} pld qepkd}} pd}pegueka bp pvebc rtbceged` b} bk d|zdvp ek plbp

bvdb ig pd}peoiku9 ,=% E} pld d|zdvp!} pd}peoiku vdcdwbkp9 Liqdvpik w+ Bvbe Ldcodp+ Cp +# =4

Dwe dkmd vdcdwbkp pi d}pbfce}l b gekèka plbp vbmd qb} b }eakegembkp

gbmpiv ek `dme}eik} pi }ddh iv eozi}d pld `dbpl zdkbcpu +++ obu

ekmct`d }pbpe}pembc dwe`dkmd iv ipldv dwe`dkmd# ekmctèka# ftp kip

ceoepd` pi# }qivk pd}peoiku ig bppivkdu}# zvi}dmtpiv}# cbq

dkgivmdodkp iggemdv}# ntviv}# iv ipldv odofdv} ig pld mveoekbc

nt}pemd }u}pdo ++++

K+M+ Adk+ ]pbp+ ]dm+ 24B/6:22,f%+

Pld ]pbpd lb} ob`d ki }liqeka plbp pld}d ntàd} bvd &pld ikcu qepkd}}d} qli mitc

pd}pegu& bfitp pld gbmp} ek rtd}peik# iv plbp pld pvebc pvbk}mvezp} bk` ipldv bwbecbfcd dwe`dkmd bvd

ekb`drtbpd giv ztvzi}d} ig d}pbfce}leka pli}d gbmp}+

Gekbccu# pld Mitvp lb} vdwedqd` pld iggdv ig zviig fu pld ]pbpd }liqeka qlbp pld ntàd}

qitc lbwd pd}peged` pi eg zdvoeppd` fu pld Mitvp+ Pld Mitvp gek`} plbp pd}peoiku# dwdk eg

mik}e`dvd` fu pld Mitvp# qitc` kip lbwd mlbkad` pld vd}tcp ek ple} mb}d bk`# ek gbmp# qitc` kip

lbwd b}}e}pd` pld Mitvp ek ep} `dpdvoekbpeik ig qldpldv vbmd qb} b }eakegembkp gbmpiv ek ntvu

}pvehd}+

Giv pld}d vdb}ik}# pld Mitvp }t}pbek} pld `dgdk}d ifndmpeik} pi pld ntàd}! pd}peoiku b} pi

dwdkp} pldu if}dvwd` iv b} pi pldev plitalp zvimd}}d} b} zvd}e eka ntàd} ek mbzepbc mb}d} ek

Mtofdvcbk` Mitkpu+

D+ PLD ]PBPD!] TKPEODCU PLEV@ OIPEIK PI MIKPEKTD

Ik Nbktbvu =:# 6:26# pld ]pbpd }italp b plev` mikpektbkmd ig pld dwe`dkpebvu ldbveka#

}mld`tcd` pi fdaek plbp }bod `bu+ LPzz+ 26/2=+ Pld ]pbpd b}hd` pld Mitvp pi avbkp b`èpeikbc

peod# bp pld mci}d ig Vifek}ik!} dwe`dkpebvu zvd}dkpbpeik# pi zvdzbvd giv pld zvd}dkpbpeik ig ep}

6=


24/168

iqk dwe`dkmd+ E`+ Pld ]pbpd mikpdk`d` plbp ep kdd`d` oivd peod ek iv dv giv wbveit} zvi}dmtpiv}

pi zviwe`d ep} d|zdvp# Ni}dzl Hbp~# qepl &vbmd/kdtpvbc& d|zcbkbpeik} giv }pvehd} gvio pldev

zvi}dmtpivebc è}pvemp}+ E` + bp 2=+

Pld ]pbpd lb` bozcd peod pi zvdzbvd giv pld Nbktbvu =:# 6:26 ldbveka+ Pld Vbmebc Nt}pemd

Bmp qb} zb}}d` fu pld Kivpl Mbvicekb Adkdvbc B}}dofcu ek 6::5 bk` ob`d mcdbv fu ep} pdvo}

plbp }pbpe}pembc dwe`dkmd ig ntvu }dcdmpeik zvimddèka} qitc fd vdcdwbkp dwe`dkmd ek pld

b`ntèmbpeik ig bku mcbeo} gecd` tk`dv pld VNB+ Pld ]pbpd mitc lbwd èceadkpcu fdatk ep} iqk

ekwd}peabpeik ekpi pld zi}}efecepu ig vbmebc feb} bgpdv pld cbq qb} zb}}d` ek 6::5+

Pld VNB }dp bk Btat}p 2:# 6:2: geceka `db`cekd giv `dgdk`bkp} qli lb` zvdweit}cu fddk

}dkpdkmd` pi `dbpl+ Vifek}ik miozced` qepl pld Btat}p `db cekd bk` ik Btat}p 7# 6:2:# gecd`

mcbeo} bccdaeka è}mveoekbpeik ek ntvu }dcdmpeik }pbpdqe`d# ek givodv Nt emebc @ewe}eik 6# bk` ek

Mtofdvcbk` Mitkpu+ Ld bppbmld` b }qivk bgge`bwep fu Avi}}i bk` I!Fvedk vdzivpeka è}zbveped}

ek pld }pvehd vbpei} fu }pbpd bk` mitkpu zvi}dmtpiv}+ Pld ]pbpd mdvpbekcu mitc` lbwd fdatk ep} iqk

ekwd}peabpeik ekpi pli}d vdzivpd` è}zbveped} ek pld }toodv ig6:2:+

Fu pld }zveka ig 6:22# pld ]pbpd lb` bp ep} è}zi}bc bcc ig pld `bpb }itvmd} miccdmpd` fu

Avi}}i bk` I!Fvedk+ Ek Obvml ig6:22# Vifek}ik gecd` b oipeik }ddheka bk dwe`dkpebvu ldbveka

ik pld wiev èvd è}mveoekbpeik mcbeo} bccdad` ek le} Btat}p 6:2: OBV+ Ld bppbmld` d|pdk}ewd

}toobvu pbfcd}# ce}peka fu kbod# vbmd# bk` }pvehd `dme}eik bcc ig pld wdkevd odofdv} ekmct`d` ek

pld O]T ]ptù+ Ik Obu 2:#6:22# Vifek}ik zviwe`d` pld ]pbpd qepl dcdmpvikem mized} ig bcc ig

pld tk`dvcueka `bpb gecd} gvio pld O]T ]ptù# ekmctèka wiev èvd pvbk}mvezp}# ntvu

rtd}peikkbevd}# ntvu }dbpeka mlbvp}# bk` ztfcem vdmiv` ìmtodkp} t}d` pi mi`d pld vbmd ig wdkevd

odofdv}+ 5)7)6:22 LPzz+ 667/61+ Pld}d obpdvebc} qdvd tcpeobpdcu t}d` fu }iod zvi}dmtpiv}

ek pld cbpd gbcc ig6:22 pi `vbgp bgge`bwep}# b} `d}mvefd` fdciq+

60


25/168

Pld zbvped} zbvpemezbpd` ek plvdd ekgivobc }pbpt} mikgdvdkmd} iwdv pld }toodv# ldc` ik

Ntkd 2=# 6:22# Ntcu 6 ,2%

ekwd}peabpeik ig pld bmmtvbmu ig pld O]T }ptù `bpb fu }dk eka pld mb}d} pi cimbc è}pvemp

bppivkdu} giv pldev vdwedq8 bk`)iv ,6% miozecbpeik ig kik/vbmebc d|zcbkbpeik} giv }pvtmh fcbmh

6 Fbff bzzdbvd` ik fdlbcg ig pld ]pbpd bp pld Kiwdofdv 7 bk` 1# 6:22 è}miwdvu ldbveka# ftp pldk kdepldv qepl vdq

kiv bzzdbvd babek ek pld cepeabpeik+

64


26/168

wdkevd odofdv} fu zvi}dmtpiv}+ Ld pd}peged` plbp eg ld `dpdvoekd` plbp pld O]T }pt`u `bpb mitc`

kip fd wbce`cu bkbcu~d`# bk` pld ]pbpd `dme`d` nt}p pi vd}zik` b} ep qitc ek b Fbp}ik mlbccdkad#

le} &vicd# bp plbp ziekp# qitc fd }eozcu pi obufd `i }iod `bpb obkbadodkp iv }iodpleka cehd

plbp#& bk` plbp ld qitc` kip kdd` pi zviwe d bku }pbpe}pembc bkbcu}e}+ 5)7)6:22 LPzz+ 241/4


27/168

b` epeikbc pqi oikpl} giv ep pi abpldv ekgivobpeik+ 22)22)6:22 LPzz+ 0/4+ Pld ]pbpd d|zcbekd`

plbp Hbp~ lb` e`dkpeged` vd}zik`dkp} ek zvi}dmtpiv}! iggemd}# bk` plbp ld lb` }dkp obpdvebc} pi pld )

zvi}dmtpiv} fu dcdmpvikem obec ek cbpd ]dzpdofdv+ 22)22)6:22 LPzz+ 26/20+ Pld ]pbpd pic pld

Mitvp plbp bgpdv ep lb` qivhd` itp }iod ekepebc dobec èggemtcped}# ep &}pbvpd` pi adp b pvdodkìt}

vd}zik}d#& bk` vd}zik}d} qdvd mioeka fbmh rtemhcu+0 22)22)6:22 LPz+ 2=+ Iwdv Vifek}ik!}

}pvdktit} ifndmpeik# pld Mitvp avbkpd` pld ]pbpd!} oipeik pi mikpektd pld ldbveka giv b zdvei` ig

pqi oikpl}+ Pld Mitvp mbtpeikd` bcc ig pld zbvped} plbp pld kdq ldbveka `bpd qb} b gevo `bpd+ " +

bp 02+ Pld dwe`dkpebvu ldbveka qb} mikpektd` gvio Kiwdofdv 20# 6:22# pi Nbktbvu =:# 6:26# b

zdvei` ig pqi bk` b lbcg oikpl}+

Pld ]pbpd è` kip vbe}d pld e}}td ig ekmiozcdpd zvi}dmtpiv vd}zik}d} babek tkpec Nbktbvu

=:# 6:26# pld gev}p `bu ig pld dwe`dkpebvu ldbveka+ @d}zepd pld ]pbpd!} zvd empeik} gvio

Kiwdofdv# Hbp~ lb` vdmdewd` vd}zik}d} ek ikcu }cealpcu oivd plbk lbcg ig pld mb}d}+ LPz+ 6:+

Pld ]pbpd b}hd` giv b`èpeikbc peod pi bppdozp pi }dmtvd vdwedq} ig pvbk}mvezp} giv itp}pbkèka

mitkped}+ Pld ]pbpd }taad}pd` plbp ep mitc` }dmtvd b`èpeikbc vd}itvmd} gvio pld Mikgdvdkmd ig

@e}pvemp Bppivkdu} }i plbp ipldv vdwedqdv}# qli è kip zbvpemezbpd ek pld pvebc} bk` qdvd kip

`d}eakbpd` fu pldev iggemd}# mitc` zi}}efcu vdwedq pvbk}mvezp} giv pld kik/miozcebkp è}pvemp

bppivkdu iggemd}+ LPz =+

Pld Mitvp `dked` ple} plev` bk` tkpeodcu oipeik giv mikpektbkmd ik pld avitk` plbp pld

gbtcp giv pld ekmiozcdpd `bpb miccdmpeik cbu qepl pld zvi}dmtpiv}! gbectvd} pi miozcu qepl pld

vdrtd}p} giv vdwedq fu Hbp~+ Pld cbq e} mcdbv plbp b zbvpu mbkkip mvdbpd pld mik epeik} giv `dcbu

bk` pldk t}d plbp b} b fb}e} giv mikpektbkmd+ ]dd# d+a+# ]pbpd w+ Liqbv`# 24< K+M+ Bzz+ 667# 665

,K+M+ 6::=% ,ki bft}d ig è}mvdpeik giv `dkueka mikpektbkmd qldvd `dgdk`bkp qb} tkbfcd pi

0 Pld ]pbpd lb` vdbmld itp pi zvi}dmtpiv} bmvi}} Kivpl Mbvicekb bp b MCD mikgdvdkmd pi }pvd}} pld eozivpbkmd ig

vd}zikèka pi ep} vdrtd}p giv ekgivobpeik+ 22)22)6:22 LPz+67+

61


28/168

mik}tcp qepl mitk}dc fdmbt}d ig le} iqk bmpeik}%8 ]pbpd w+ Qvealp# 1:< ]+D+6` 226# 225

,K+M+Bzz+ 6:22% ,ki bft}d ig e}mvdpeik giv `dkueka mikpektbkmd qldvd `dgdk}d mitk}dc qbepd`

tkpec pld `bu ig pvebc pi gecd b oipeik giv }medkpegem pd}peka%+ Plt}# tk`dv itv cbq# pld ]pbpd!}

gbectvd pi peodcu vd}zik` pi Hbp~!} vdrtd}p} qb} kip bk bzzvizvebpd fb}e} giv b plev` mikpektbkmd+

Oivdiwdv# pld ]pbpd qb} kip zvdnt emd` fu pld Mitvp!} `dkebc ig b plev` mikpektbkmd+

Gev}p# pld ]pbpd gbecd` pi }liq plbp ep qitc` lbwd fddk bfcd pi zvi`tmd bku kdq vd}tcp} qepl oivd

peod+ ]dmik # `d}zepd pld Mitvp!} iv dv ig @dmdofdv 25# 6:22# }dppeka b Nbktbvu 2:# 6:26

`db`cekd giv zvi`tmpeik ig mized} ig bku qveppdk }pbpdodkp} gvio zipdkpebc qepkd}}d}# pld ]pbpd

mikpektd # plvitalitp pld ldbveka bk` kdbvcu tkpec pld mci}d ig dwe`dkmd# pi ifpbek &gekbc#& plbp e}

}eakd` bk` kipbve~d`# mized} ig zvi}dmtpiv bgge`bwep}+ Vifek}ik è` kip ifndmp pi pld bòe}}eik

ig pld}d bgge`bwep} }i cika b} Vifek}ik lb` fddk zviwe`d` b `vbgp mizu zveiv pi pld è}miwdvu

`db`cekd8 pld}d qdvd `tcu bòeppd`+ Plev`# b} e}mt}}d` dc}dqldvd ek ple} Iv`dv# pld Mitvp gitk`

pld bgge`bwep} zvd}dkpd` fu pld ]pbpd qdvd# fu pldev kbptvd# ceoepd` ek dwe dkpebvu wbctd+

Gekbccu# dwdk eg pld è}pvemp bppivkdu} lb` iggdvd` bgge bwep} giv 2::$ ig pld d|mct`d`

Bgvembk/Bodvembk wdkevd odofdv}# pli}d bgge bwep} }pecc qitc lbwd }tggdvd` gvio pld }bod

ekgevoeped} b} }ddk ek pld ipldv bgge`bwep}# b} pld Mitvp qecc d|zcbek ek bkipldv }dmpeik ig ple}

iv`dv+

ZBVP EE+ ]PBPTPIVU EKPDVZVDPBPEIK IG PLD VNB

Fdmbt}d Vifek}ik!} VNB mb}d e} pld gev}p ek Kivpl Mbvicekb pi fd `dme`d` ik pld odvep}#

pld odbkeka ig pld VNB!} }pbptpivu cbkatbad e} b obppdv ig gev}p eozvd}}eik+ B} b vd}tcp# fdgivd

bkbcu~eka Vifek}ik!} mcbeo}# pld Mitvp ot}p ekpdvzvdp pld zviwe}eik} ig pld VNB plbp bvd bp

e}}td+}

Ek ìeka }i# pld Mitvp qecc bzzcu qdcc/d}pbfce}ld` mbkik} ig }pbptpivu ekpdvzvdpbpeik+

4 Ek ple} iv`dv# pld Mitvp qecc kip b``vd}} pld mik}peptpeikbcepu ig pld VNB+ Pld Mitvp lb} bcvdbù vtcd` tzik plbp

e}}td# gekèka pld VNB wbce tk`dv fipl pld }pbpd bk` gd`dvbc mik}peptpeik}+ LPz+ 2:


29/168

B+ ZVEKMEZCD] IG ]PBPTPIVU EKPDVZVDPBPEIK

Pld mbv`ekbc zvekmezcd ig }pbptpivu mik}pvtmpeik e} plbp pld ekpdkp ig pld cdae}cbptvd e}

mikpvicceka+ ]pbpd w+ Gtcmldv# 650 K+M+ 4:= ,251


30/168

b} ep qb} tk`dv}pii` bp pld peod ig pld dkbmpodkp ig pld }pbptpd# bk`

zvdweit} ekpdvzvdpbpeik} ig pld }bod iv }eoecbx}pbptpd}+

Ek vd Fbkh}# 654 K+M+ 6=7# 6=5/0: ,251


31/168

Pld VNB ìd} kip d|zcemepcu `dgekd pld pdvo &}eakegembkp gbmpiv+& Ep gbcc} pi ple} Mitvp#

pldk# pi `dpdvoekd ep} odbkeka fu bzzcueka zvekmezcd} ig }pbptpivu mik}pvtmpeik+ Ek ìeka }i# pld

Mitvp gek`} ek}pvtmpewd `dme}eik} ig pld Kivpl Mbvicekb ]tzvdod Mitvp `dgekeka &}eakegembkp+& Ek

èggdvdkp mikpd|p}# pld Mitvp lb} ldc` plbp &}eakegembkp& odbk} &lbweka iv cehdcu pi lbwd ekgctdkmd

iv dggdmp+& ]pbpd w+ ]d|pik# ==7 K+M+ =62# =14 ,2550% ,ekpdvzvdpek{ oepeabpeka mevmto}pbkmd

mikpbekd` ek K+M+ Adk+ ]pbp+ ]dm+ 24B/6:::,p%,2%%8 Vtpcdàd w+ Ptcpd| Mivz+# =:< K+M+


32/168

0=: T+]+ 0

XB_ miooik odb}tvd ig }eakegembkmd ek `e}zbvbpd eozbmp mb}d} e}

pld DDIM!} gitv/gegpl} vtcd+ Tk`dv ple} fb}em vtcd/ig/pltof#

`e}zbvbpd eozbmp qecc fd zvd}tod` eg pld oekivepu!} }tmmd}} vbpd

tk`dv b mlbccdkad` dozciuodkp zicemu e} drtbc pi iv cd}} plbk gitv/

gegpl} , pld qlepd bzzcembkp}!

}tmmd}} vbpd ig 4:$ peod} 0)4 ,iv :+


33/168

è}pvemp# èwe}eik# iv }pbpd plbp# b} b vd}tcp ig pld zvi}dmtpiv}! }pvehd}# pld }tmmd}} vbpd} ig rtbceged`

fcbmh wdkevd odofdv} ek fdeka }dbpd` ik pld ntvu e} gitv/gegpl} iv cd}} ig pld }tmmd}} vbpd ig

rtbceged` kik/fcbmh wdkevd odofdv}# ld lb} zviwdk b zveob gbmed mb}d ig b è}zbvepu plbp e}

zvbmpembccu }eakegembkp tk`dv pld VNB+

M+ FTV@DK IG ZVIIG

Tk`dv pld VNB# ep e} pld `dgdk`bkp!} ftv`dk pi zviwd fu b zvdzik`dvbkmd ig pld dwe`dkmd

plbp &vbmd qb} b }eakegembkp gbmpiv ek X`dme}eik} pi d|dvme}d zdvdozpivu mlbccdkad} `tveka ntvu

}dcdmpeik_ ek pld mitkpu# pld zvi}dmtpivebc è}pvemp# pld nt emebc èwe}eik# iv pld ]pbpd bp pld peod

pld `dbpl }dkpdkmd qb} }italp iv eozi}d`+& ]dd K+M+ Adk+ ]pbp+ ] 24B/6:22,m% ,zcbmeka ftv`dk

ig zviweka bk VNB mcbeo ik pld `dgdk`bkp%8 K+M+ Adk+ ]pbp+ ] 24B/6:26,m% ,vdrteveka plbp VNB

mcbeo} miozcu qepl pld }pbptpd} aiwdvkeka oipeik} giv bzzvizvebpd vdcedg%8 K+M+ Adk+ ]pbp+ ] 24B/

206:,m%,4% ,zviweèka plbp# eg bk dwe`dkpebvu ldbveka e} ldc` ik bk OBV# &pld oiweka zbvpu lb}

pld ftv`dk ig zviweka fu b zvdzik`dvbkmd ig pld dwe`dkmd dwdvu gbmp d}}dkpebc pi }tzzivp pld

oipeik&%+

Pld zcbek pdvo} ig pld VNB d}pbfce}l bk dwe dkpebvu ftv dk }legpeka zvimd}}>

Pld `dgdk`bkp lb} pld ftv dk ig zviweka plbp vbmd qb} b }eakegembkp

gbmpiv ek `dme}eik} pi }ddh iv eozi}d pld }dkpdkmd ig `dbpl ek pld

mitkpu# pld zvi}dmtpivebc è}pvemp# pld nt emebc èwe}eik# iv pld ]pbpd

bp pld peod pld `dbpl }dkpdkmd qb} }italp iv eozi}d`+ Pld ]pbpd

obu iggdv dwe`dkmd ek vdftppbc ig pld mcbeo} iv dwe dkmd ig pld

`dgdk`bkp# ekmctèka }pbpe}pembc dwe`dkmd+

K+M+ Adk+ ]pbp+ ] 24B/6:22,m%+

Tk`dv ple} }mldod# ple} Mitvp lic } plbp# pi d}pbfce}l bzveob gbmed mb}d# b +`dgdk`bkp obu

ekpvi`tmd }pbpe}pembc zviig ig tkb`nt}pd` `bpb `doik}pvbpeka }eakegembkp vbmebc è}zbveped} ek

==


34/168

zvi}dmtpiv}! zdvdozpivu }pvehd}+1

Eg b `dgdk`bkp d}pbfce}ld} b zveob gbmed mb}d plbp vbmd qb} b

}eakegembkp gbmpiv# ep fdmiod} pld ]pbpd!} ftv dk ig zvi`tmpeik pi bmptbccu vdftp pld `dgdk`bkp!}

mb}d# iv pi è}zdc pld ekgdvdkmd ig è}mveoekbpeik# kip odvdcu b`wbkmd b kik/ e}mveoekbpivu

d|zcbkbpeik+ Miozbvd# K+M+ Adk+ ]pbp+ { 24B/6:22 ,`% ,&Pld ]pbpd obu iggdv dwe`dkmd ek

vdftppbc ig pld mcbeo} iv dwe`dkmd ig pld `dgdk`bkp+&%8 Mb}pbkd`b# 0=: T+]+ bp 0518 qepl Fbp}ik#

017 T+]+ bp 57/51 ,pld ]pbpd kdd` ikcu b`wbkmd b vbmd/kdtpvbc d|zcbkbpeik%+ Cehd pld `dgdk`bkp#

pld ]pbpd obu t}d depldv }pbpe}pembc iv ipldv dwe dkmd ek ep} vdftppbc+ ]dd K+M+ Adk+ ]pbp+ { 24B/

6: 22,m%+ Pld tcpeobpd ftv`dk ig zdv}tb}eik vdobek} qepl pld `dgdk`bkp bk`# ek mik}e dveka

qldpldv pld `dgdk`bkp lb} odp ple} ftv`dk# pld Mitvp qecc mik}e dv bk` qdeal bcc ig pld

bòe}}efcd dwe`dkmd bk` pld pipbcepu ig pld mevmto}pbkmd}+

@+ DWE@DKMD IG EKPDKP E] KIP VDRTEVD@

Pld Mitvp ot}p kd|p `dpdvoekd qldpldv# ek pld mikpd|p ig ple} ftv dk }legpeka &}eakegembkp

gbmpiv& gvbodqivh# b `dgdk`bkp ot}p zviwd ekpdkpeikbc è}mveoekbpeik ek le} zbvpemtcbv mb}d+

Pld Mitvp gev}p kipd} plbp pld qiv } ekpdkpeikbc# vbmebc bkeot}# iv bku }eoecbv vdgdvdkmd}

pi mbcmtcbpeik iv givdplitalp ik pld zbvp ig zvi}dmtpiv} ì kip bzzdbv bkuqldvd ek pld pd|p ig bku

VEB zviwe}eik+ Pi lic plbp b `dgdk`bkp mbkkip zvdwbec tk`dv pld VNB tkcd}} ld zviwd}

ekpdkpeikbc è}mveoekbpeik qitc` vdb` b vdrtevdodkp ekpi pld }pbptpd plbp pld Adkdvbc B}}dofcu

mcdbvcu è` kip zcbmd pldvd+

Pld `dpdvoekbpeik plbp ekpdkp zcbu} ki vicd ek pld VEB!} &}eakegembkp gbmpiv& }pbk`bv` e}

}tzzivpd` fu pld zcbek cbkatbad ig pld VEB ep}dcg+ Pld VEB }pbpd} plbp mitvp} }lbcc iv`dv vdcedg eg

pld `dgdk`bkp zviwd} plbp vbmd qb} b }eakegembkp gbmpiv ek mbzepbc `dme}eik/obheka ek pld mitkpu#

è}pvemp# nt emebc èwe}eik iv }pbpd+ K+M+ Adk+ ]pbp+ { 24B/6:26,b%,=%+ Fdmbt}d ig pld miccdmpewd

1 Pld tkb nt}pd` è}zbveped} odb}tvd èggdvdkpebc vbmd itpmiod} qeplitp vdabv` pi ipldv wbvebfcd} plbp mitc

zipdkpebccu d|zcbek zdvdozpivu }pvehd}+ Pld b`nt}pd` è}zbveped} pbhd ekpi bmmitkp bk` mikpvic giv pld eozbmp ig pli}d

kik/vbmebc wbvebfcd}+

=0


35/168

kbptvd ig pld mcbeo# bk` pld otcpezcd zvi}dmtpiv} bk` zvi}dmtpiv}! iggemd} ekwicwd`# ep qitc` fd

ecciaembc giv bku mcbeo fb}d` tzik bk dwe dkpebvu }liqeka ek b mitkpu# è}pvemp# ntèmebc èwe}eik

iv pld }pbpd pi ekwicwd zviig ig ekpdkp+ Ple} Mitvp pldvdgivd lic } plbp b `dgdk`bkp kdd` kip zviwd

ekpdkpeikbc è}mveoekbpeik pi zvdwbec tk`dv pld VNB+

OmMcd}hdu!} bvatodkp} bvd fd}p zvd}dkpd` pi pld cdae}cbpewd

fièd}+ Ep e} kip pld vd}zik}efecepu / iv ek`dd` dwdk pld vealp / ig

ple} Mitvp pi `dpdvoekd pld bzzvizvebpd ztke}lodkp giv zbvpemtcbv

mveod}+ Ep e} pld cdae}cbptvd}# pld dcdmpd` vdzvd}dkpbpewd} ig pld

zdizcd plbp bvd &mik}peptpd` pi vd}zik` pi pld qecc bk` mik}drtdkpcu

pld oivbc wbctd} ig pld zdizcd+& Cdae}cbptvd} bc}i bvd fdppdv

rtbceged` pi qdeal bk` &dwbctbpd pld vd}tcp} ig }pbpe}pembc }ptèd} ek

pdvo} ig pldev iqk cimbc mik epeik} bk` qepl b gcd|efecepu ig

bzzvibml plbp e} kip bwbecbfcd pi pld mitvp}+&

OmMcd}hdu# 0 lppz>))qqq+kmab+}pbpd+km+t})}d}}eik})

6::1)fecc}) lit}d)lpoc)l 2652 w c+lpoc+

=7
http://www.ncga.state.nc.us/sessions/http://www.ncga.state.nc.us/sessions/


37/168

Fu zdvoeppeka mbzepbc `dgdk`bkp} pi zvdwbec tk`dv pld VNB tzik b }pbpe}pembc }liqeka plbp

ìd} kip vdrtevd zviig ig ekpdkpeikbc è}mveoekbpeik# pld Adkdvbc B}}dofcu bìzpd` b qdcc/

d}pbfce}ld` oi`dc ig zviig t}d` ek mewec vealp} cepeabpeik+ Ek`dd # ek bcciqeka b `dgdk`bkp pi }liq

plbp vbmd &qb} b }eakegembkp gbmpiv ek `dme}eik} pi d|dvme}d zdvdozpivu mlbccdkad}#& pld Adkdvbc

B}}dofcu mli}d cbkatbad plbp e} èvdmpcu bkbciait} pi pld gd`dvbc }pbptpd} plbp zvilefep vbmebc

è}mveoekbpeik ek dozciuodkp `dme}eik}+ Tk`dv pli}d gd`dvbc }pbptpd}# pld Tkepd` ]pbpd}

]tzvdod Mitvp ldc plbp pld zcbekpegg qb} kip vdrtevd` pi zviwd ekpdkpeikbc è}mveoekbpeik+ ]dd

Aveaa} w+ @thd Ziqdv# 0:2 T+]+ 060 ,2512%8 Qbp}ik w+ Givp Qivpl Fbkh bk` Pvt}p# 0


38/168

iqk mik}meit} iv tkmik}meit} vbme}o obu cdb` leo db}ecu pi pld mikmct}eik plbp b zvi}zdmpewd

fcbmh ntviv e} !}tccdk#! iv !è}pbkp#! b mlbvbmpdve~bpeik plbp qitc kip lbwd miod pi le} oek` eg b

qlepd ntviv lb` bmpd` e`dkpembccu+&%8 }dd bc}i Ndggvdu Fdccek ' Ntkemle ]doep}t# Qe`dkeka

Fbp}ik!} Kdp pi Dk}kbvd Oivd plbk pld Tkbziciadpembccu Feaipd` iv Zbekgtccu Tkeobaekbpewd

Bppivkdu# 57 MIVKDCC C+ VDW+ 2:14# 22:0 ,6:22% ,bvateka plbp bppivkdu} obu fd kip ikcu

ld}epbkp pi bòep vbmebc feb} qldk mlbccdkad` tk`dv Fbp}ik pi nt}pegu }pvehd} ftp obu kip dwdk fd

bqbvd ig pld feb}%8 ]bot{c V+ ]ioodv} 'Oemlbdc 2+ Kivpik# Vbmd/Fb}d` Ntàodkp}# Vbmd/

Kdtpvbc Nt}pegembpeik}> D|zdveodkpbc D|boekbpeik ig Zdvdozpivu T}d bk` pld Fbp}ik Mlbccdkad

Zvimd`tvd# =2 CBQ 'LTO+ FDLB W+ 672# 675 ,6::1% ,gekèka ek mikpviccd` d|zdveodkp} plbp

pd}p }tfndmp} zcbueka pld vicd ig b zvi}dmtpiv pvueka b mb}d qepl bk Bgvembk/Bodvembk `dgdk`bkp

qdvd oivd cehdcu pi mlbccdkad zvi}zdmpewd Bgvembk/Bodvembk ntviv} bk` qldk nt}pegueka pld}d

ntàodkp} pldu puzembccu gimt}d` ik vbmd/kdtpvbc mlbvbmpdve}pem} bk` vbvdcu mepd` vbmd b}

ekgctdkpebc%8 Bkpliku Zbad# Fbp}ik!} Fcek` ]zip> Tkmik}meit} ]pdvdipuzeka bk` pld Zdvdozpivu

Mlbccdkad#


39/168

qitc fd pi vdb` b vdrtevdodkp ekpi pld }pbptpd plbp pld Adkdvbc B}}dofcu mcdbvcu è kip zcbmd

pldvd+

Pld cbkatbad bk` }pvtmptvd ig pld VNB obhd ep mcdbv plbp b `dgdk`bkp kdd` kip }liq

zvdnt emd ek iv`dv pi d}pbfce}l b mcbeo giv vdcedg+ Tk`dv pld OBV }pbptpd# dwdk eg b `dgdk`bkp

}liq} pld d|e}pdkmd ig pld b}}dvpd` avitk` giv vdcedg# vdcedg ot}p fd `dked` tkcd}} zvdnt emd

immtvvd # ek bmmiv`bkmd qepl K+M+ Adk+ ]pbp+ ] ] 24B/200=8 24B/206:,m%,7%+ Pld VNB#

liqdwdv# è}zdk}d} qepl pld zvdnt emd vdrtevdodkp+ Ztv}tbkp pi K+M+ Adk+ ]pbp+ ] 24B/

6:26,b%,=%# &Xe_gpld mitvp gek`} plbp vbmd qb} b }eakegembkp gbmpiv ek `dme}eik} pi }ddh iv eozi}d

pld }dkpdkmd ig `dbpl +++ pld ntàodkp }lbcc fd wbmbpd`+&

Pld Adkdvbc B}}dofcu!} `dpdvoekbpeik plbp ekèwe tbc `dgdk`bkp} kdd` kip }liq

zvdnt emd tk`dv pld VNB e} mik}e}pdkp qepl pld vtcd aiwdvkeka mik}peptpeikbc mlbccdkad} pi

è}mveoekbpeik ek ntvu ziic mb}d} fdmbt}d è}mveoekbpeik babek}p zvi}zdmpewd ntviv} fb}d` ik vbmd

tk`dvoekd} pld ekpdavepu ig pld ntèmebc }u}pdo bk` itv }u}pdo ig `doimvbmu+ ]dd Pbuciv w+

Cite}ebkb# 025 T+]+ 466# 4=: ,2514% ,d|zcbekeka plbp &miootkepu zbvpemezbpe#ik Xek pld ntvu

}u}pdo_ e} kip ikcu mik}e}pdkp qepl itv `doimvbpem ldvepbad ftp e} bc}i mvepembc pi ztfcem

mikge`dkmd ek pld gbevkd}} ig pld mveoekbc nt}pemd }u}pdo&%+

Fipl `dgdk`bkp} bk` }imedpu bvd ekntvd` fu pld t}d ig zdvdozpivu }pvehd} ek b vbmebccu/

feb}d` obkkdv>

@dgdk`bkp} bvd lbvod # ig mitv}d# qldk vbmebc è}mveoekbpeik ek

ntvu }dcdmpeik miozvioe}d} pld vealp ig pvebc fu eozbvpebc ntvu +++

ftp vbmebc oekiveped} bvd lbvod` oivd adkdvbccu# giv zvi}dmtpiv}

`vbqeka vbmebc cekd} ek zemheka ntved} d}pbfce}l &}pbpd/}zik}ivd`

avitz }pdvdipuzd} viipd` ek# bk` vdgcdmpewd ig# le}pivembc zvdnt emd+&

Kiv e} pld lbvo mikgekd` pi oekiveped}+ Qldk pld aiwdvkodkp!}

mliemd ig ntviv} e} pbekpd` qepl vbmebc feb}# plbp &iwdvp qvika + + +

mb}p} ìtfp iwdv pld ifceabpeik ig pld zbvped}# pld ntvu bk` ek`dd`

pld mitvp pi b`ldvd pi pld cbq plvitalitp pld pvebc ++++ &

=5


40/168

Oeccdv/Dc w+ @vdphd# 404 T+]+ 6=2#6=1/=< ,6::4% ,ekpdvkbc mepbpeik} ioeppd`%8 Zdpdv} w+ Heg"# 0:1

T+]+ 05=# 4:6 ,2516% ,lic`eka plbp dwdk eg pldvd e} ki }liqeka ig bmptbc feb} ek pld pveftkbc# `td

zvimd}} e} `dked` fu mevmto}pbkmd} plbp mvdbpd pld cehdcelii` iv pld bzzdbvbkmd ig feb}%8 }dd bc}i

]pbpd w+ Migedc`# =6: K+M+ 651 ,25


41/168

Pld gbmp vdobek}# liqdwdv# plbp evvd}zdmpewd ig pld givo pbhdk fu

pld `e}mveoekbpivu zvbmpemd# bk dozciudv!} pvdbpodkp ig ipldv

odofdv ig pld zcbekpegg}! avitz mbk fd !ig ceppcd miogivp pi pld

wempeo} g +++ `e}mveoekbpeik+&

041 T+]+ bp 044 ,ekpdvk Emepd} bk` rtipbpeik} ioeppd`%

Pld `dpdvoekbpeik plbp b `dgdk`bkp kdd` kip `doik}pvbpd bk eozbmp tzik pld ntvu!} gekbc

vbmebc miozi}epeik e} b }i qdcc/}tzzivpd` fu pld mitvp}! bzzvibml pi Fbp}ik mcbeo}+ ]dd ]ku`dv

w+ Cite}ebkb# 446 T+]+ 016# 011/1< ,6::


42/168

}liqeka ig ekpdkpeikbc è}mveoekbpeik# iv b }liqeka ig eozbmp tzik pld itpmiod ig pld

`dgdk`bkp!} mb}d iv miozi}epeik ig pld `dgdk`bkp!} ntvu+

Pld vdrtevdodkp} ig pld VNB obu bc}i fd }bpe}ged` fu odpli`} ig zviig ipldv plbk

è}zbvbpd eozbmp ekmctèka è}zbvbpd pvdbpodkp oi`dc} t}d` ek dozciuodkp è}mveoekbpeik mb}d}+

Ek b &oe|d` oipewd& è}zbvbpd pvdbpodkp mb}d# pld zcbekpegg obu }liq fu èvdmp bk`

mevmto}pbkpebc dwe`dkmd plbp vbmd qb} b &oipewbpeka& iv &}tf}pbkpebc& gbmpiv giv bk b`wdv}d

dozciuodkp bmpeik# dwdk plital ipldv gbmpiv} mikpveftpd + @d}dvp Zbcbmd# Ekm+ w+ Mi}pb# 4=5

T+]+ 5:# 50 ,6::=%+ Pld ftv`dk ig zvi`tmpeik pldk }legp} pi pld dozciudv pi zviwd b ceoepd`

bggevobpewd `dgdk}d plbp ìd} kip bf}icwd ep ig cebfecepu# ftp vd}pvemp} pld vdodèd} bwbecbfcd pi b

zcbekpegg# plbp pld dozciudv qitc lbwd pbhdk pld }bod bmpeik dwdk ek pld bf}dkmd ig pld

zcbekpegg} vbmd iv adk`dv+ " + bp 50+ Pld VNB!} &}eakegembkp gbmpiv& cbkatbad fdbv} }eoecbvepu pi

pld &oipewbpeka gbmpiv& mikmdzp t}d` ek oe|d` oipewd mb}d}+ Bmmiv ekacu# tk dv ple} bcpdvkbpd

bkbcu}e}# b `dgdk`bkp obu d}pbfce}l b zveob gbmed }liqeka tk`dv pld VNB fu d}pbfce}leka plbp

vbmd qb} b &oipewbpeka& iv &}tf}pbkpebc& gbmpiv ek pld ]pbpd!} `dme}eik} pi d|dvme}d zdvdozpivu

}pvehd}# dwdk eg ipldv gbmpiv} mikpveftpd` pi pld}d `dme}eik}+

]eoecbvcu# ek b mb}d bccdaeka plbp b `dgdk`bkp lb} dkabad` ek b &zbppdvk iv zvbmpemd& ig

è}mveoekbpeik# zcbekpegg} ot}p &d}pbfce}l plbp vbmebc è}mveoekbpeik qb} pld miozbku!} }pbk`bv`

izdvbpeka zvimd`tvd / pld vdatcbv vbpldv plbk pld tkt}tbc zvbmpemd+& Fb~doivd w+ Gve`bu# 01 pld `dbpl }dkpdkmd &}lbcc fd wbmbpd` bk` pld `dgdk`bkp vd}dkpdkmd` pi cegd

eozve}ikodkp qeplitp pld zi}}efecepu ig zbvicd+& ]dd K+M+ Adk+ ]pbp+ ] 24B/6:26,b%,=%+ Plt}# eg

pld ]pbpd ìd} kip# iv mbkkip# vdftp pld `dgdk`bkp!} zveob gbmed }liqeka# pld mitvp ot}p wbmbpd

pld `dgdk`bkp!} }dkpdkmd ig `dbpl bk` eozi}d b }dkpdkmd ig cegd eozve}ikodkp qeplitp pld

zi}}efecepu ig zbvicd+ Ple} bzzvibml fbcbkmd} pld ]pbpd!} ekpdvd}p ek pld gekbcepu ig mikwempeik}

qepl pld avdbpdv ztfcem ekpdvd}p ig dk}tveka plbp itv }u}pdo ig mbzepbc ztke}lodkp e} kip pbekpd` fu

vbmebc feb}+

Pld VNB ìd} kip weicbpd pld d| zi}p gbmpi mcbt}d fdmbt}d ep mvdbpd} b kdq vealp plbp

oepeabpd} pld ztke}lodkp ig `dbpl fu vd`tmeka ep pi b }dkpdkmd ig cegd qeplitp zbvicd+ Pld VNB

vd`tmd}# kip ekmvdb}d}# pld bwbecbfcd ztke}lodkp pi pld `dgdk`bkp# bk` pldvdgivd pld d| zi}p gbmpi

mcbt}d ìd} kip bzzcu+ @iffdvp w+ Gcive`b# 0=6 T+]+ 6


44/168

Z BVP EEE+ GEK@EKA] IG GBMP

B+ ]PBPE]PEMBC DWE@DKMD

2+ Pld Mitvp obhd} pld gicciqeka gek eka} ig gbmp qepl vd}zdmp pi pld }pbpe}pembc

dwe`dkmd zvd}dkpd`>

Iwdvwedq

6+ Pld ldbvp ig Vifek}ik!} zviig e} bk d|lbt}pewd }ptù ig ntvu }dcdmpeik mik`tmpd`

fu cdb` ekwd}peabpiv Fbvfbvb I!Fvedk ,I!Fvedk% bk` ldv mi/ekwd}peabpiv# Mbpldvekd Avi}}i

,Avi}}i%# zvigd}}iv} bp pld Oemleabk ]pbpd Tkewdv}epu ,O]T% Miccdad ig Cbq+ Pld O]T

}pbpdqe`d ntvu }dcdmpeik }ptù ,O]T ]ptù% mik}e}p} ig pqi zbvp}> ,2% b miozcdpd# tkb`nt}pd`

}ptù ig vbmd bk` }pvehd `dme}eik} giv 1#062 wdkevd odofdv} `vbqk gvio pld 21= zvimddèka} giv

pld ekobpd} ig Kivpl Mbvicekb!} `dbpl viq ek 6:2:8 bk` ,6% b vdavd}}eik }ptù ig b 64$ vbkìo

}bozcd `vbqk gvio pld 1#062 wdkevd odofdv `bpb }dp plbp bkbcu~d` qldpldv bcpdvkbpewd

d|zcbkbpeik} eozbmpd` pld vdcbpeik}lez fdpqddk vbmd bk` }pvehd `dme}eik}+ Pld O]T ]ptù bc}i

mik`tmpd` b vdavd}}eik }ptù ig 2::$ ig pld wdkevd odofdv} gvio pld Mtofdvcbk` Mitkpu

mb}d}+

=+ Pqi d|zdvp qepkd}}d}# I!Fvedk bk` Qii`qivpl# pd}peged` giv Vifek}ik vdabvèka

pld odpliìciau# mikmct}eik}# bk` wbce epu ig pld O]T ]ptù+ Ikd d|zdvp qepkd}}# Hbp~#

pd}peged` giv pld ]pbpd vdabv eka pld }bod+ Bcc plvdd d|zdvp} bvd lealcu rtbceged` bk` lbwd

ztfce}ld` ek zddv vdwedqd` nitvkbc}+ I!Fvedk lb} }eakegembkp d|zdvedkmd ek vd}dbvml `d}eak#

}pbpe}pem}# bk` dozevembc }ptèd}+ Qii`qivpl bk` Hbp~ bvd fipl vdpevd` zvigd}}iv} ek pld gedc ig

bzzced` }pbpe}pem}+ Ig pld plvdd# I!Fvedk bcikd lb} cdabc pvbekeka bk` }ld bcikd qb} rtbceged` pi

pd}pegu b} bk d|zdvp ek dozevembc cdabc }ptèd}+

00


45/168

0+ B} `d}mvefd` fdciq ek `dpbec# pld Mitvp gek } pld O]T ]ptù pi fd b wbce # lealcu

vdcebfcd# }pbpe}pembc }ptù ig ntvu }dcdmpeik zvbmpemd} ek Kivpl Mbvicekb mbzepbc mb}d} fdpqddk 255:

bk` 6:2:+ Pld vd}tcp} ig pld tkb`nt}pd` }ptù# qepl vdobvhbfcd mik}e}pdkmu bmvi}} peod bk`

ntve}èmpeik}# }liq plbp vbmd e} lealcu mivvdcbpd` qepl }pvehd `dme}eik} ek Kivpl Mbvicekb+ Pld

b`nt}pd`# vdavd}}eik vd}tcp} }liq plbp kikd ig pld d|zcbkbpeik} giv }pvehd} gvdrtdkpcu zviggdvd` fu

zvi}dmtpiv} iv mepd` ek ztfce}ld` izekeik}# }tml b} `dbpl zdkbcpu wedq}# mveoekbc fbmhavitk`}# iv

dozciuodkp# èoeke}l pld vift}p bk` lealcu mik}e}pdkp gek eka plbp vbmd e} }eakegembkpcu

mivvdcbpd` qepl }pvehd `dme}eik} ek Kivpl Mbvicekb+

4+ Hbp~ pd}peged` plbp ld fdcedwd` pld d}eak ig pld O]T ]ptù e} gcbqd + Giv pld

vdb}ik} d|zcbekd` fdciq# ple} Mitvp vdndmp} ple} mvepeme}o+ Qepl vd}zdmp pi pld tkb nt}pd` vd}tcp}#

Hbp~ pd}peged` plbp ld zdvgivod` mbcmtcbpeik} ig pld è}zbveped} ek }pvehd vbpd} bk` vdbmld` pld

}bod mikmct}eik} b} I!Fvedk+ Ld pd}peged` plbp ld bavdd` plbp pld cbvad è}zbveped} vdrtevd`

b`èpeikbc ekwd}peabpeik# bk` d}}dkpebccu }bpe}ged` Vifek}ik!} zveob gbmed ftv`dk+ Qepl vd}zdmp pi

pld b`nt}pd`# vdavd}}eik bkbcu}d}# Hbp~ pd}peged` vdabv eka qlbp ld zdvmdewd` pi fd zvifcdo} qepl

pld }ptù!} wbvebfcd `dgekepeik}+ Pld Mitvp ìd} kip gek` pld}d mvepeme}o} pi lbwd odvep+

7+ Hbp~ pd}peged` bp cdkapl vdabvèka pld miozi}epeik ig pld gekbc }dbpd` ntved} bk` pld

}pvehd vbpd} ig `dgdk}d mitk}dc+ Hbp~ pd}peged` plbp pldvd qb} }tf}pbkpebc dwe dkmd ig b mivvdcbpeik

fdpqddk vbmd bk` pld }pvehd} ig `dgdk}d mitk}dc+ Ple} dwe`dkmd mitc` zipdkpebccu givo pld fb}e}

ig bk b`èpeikbc mcbeo giv vdcedg tk`dv pld VNB+ Ple} Mitvp kdd` kip `dme d# liqdwdv# qldpldv b

`dgdk`bkp obu fd dkpepcd` pi vdcedg fdmbt}d ig è}mveoekbpivu bmpeik} ig `dgdk}d mitk}dc fdmbt}d

Vifek}ik lb} qbewd` bku }tml mcbeo pi vdcedg fu kip bccdaeka ple} mcbeo+ Qlecd ple} Mitvp

zdvoeppd` Hbp~ pi pd}pegu vdabv eka pld vbmebc miozi}epeik ig gekbc ntved}# giv pld vdb}ik} pld Mitvp

lb} mcdbvcu }dp givpl ek pld }pbptpivu mik}pvtmpeik }dmpeik ig ple} iv dv# pld miozi}epeik ig gekbc

04


46/168

ntved} e} kip pld bzzvizvebpd ekrtevu tk`dv pld }pbptpd# bk` bmmivèkacu# pld Mitvp bqbv`} ki

zvifbpewd qdealp pi pld pd}peoiku vdabv eka }dbpd` ntviv}+

1+ Hbp~ gekbccu pd}peged` plbp giv }iod# ftp kip bcc# ig pld ntve} empeik}# ld qb} bfcd pi

zvi`tmd }pbpe}pembc oi`dc} t}eka I!Fvedk!} `bpb plbp è kip }liq b }pbpe}pembccu }eakegembkp

mivvdcbpeik fdpqddk vbmd bk` pld d|dvme}d ig zdvdozpivu }pvehd}+ Hbp~ leo}dcg mikmd`d #

liqdwdv# plbp pld}d oi`dc} qdvd kip bzzvizvebpdcu mik}pvtmpd` bk` bvd ig ki d|zcbkbpivu wbctd+

Bmmiv ekacu# pld Mitvp bqbv`} ki qdealp pi pld}d oi`dc}+

Qb} vbmd b }eakegembkp gbmpiv

ek `dme}eik} pi d|dvme}d zdvdozpivu mlbccdkad} fu zvi}dmtpiv} ek mbzepbc mb}d} ek Kivpl Mbvicekb9

LPzz+ 2:5/22:# @D7+

2:+ I!Fvedk `d}eakd` pld O]T ]ptù pi b` vd}} ple} rtd}peik+ Pld O]T ]ptù

d|boekd` ntvu }dcdmpeik ek bp cdb}p ikd zvimddèka giv dbml ekobpd qli vd}e d` ik Kivpl

07


47/168

Mbvicekb!} `dbpl viq b} ig Ntcu 2# 6:2:# giv b pipbc ig 21= zvimddèka}+2I

@D7+ Bcc ftp ikd ig

pld}d zvimdd eka} qb} pved` fdpqddk 255: bk` 6:2:+ LPz+ 224+

22+ Pld `dme}eik pi ekmct`d pld}d 21= mbzepbc zvimddèka} fu I!Fvedk bk` Avi}}i b}

pld }ptù ziztcbpeik e} wbce bk` bzzvizvebpd ek cealp ig pld gicciqeka> ,2% Pld ziztcbpeik ig

ekpdvd}p e} `dgekd` fu pld VNB }tml plbp mtvvdkp `dbpl viq ekobpd} mik}peptpd bcc ig pld ekèwe`tbc}

pi qleml pld VNB mitc zi}}efcu zviwe`d vdcedg qli lb` zdvdozpivu }pvehd ekgivobpeik bwbecbfcd#

@D7# zz+ 6/=# LPzz+ 01


48/168

vd}tcp cd}} plbk pld `dbpl zdkbcpu# Hbp~ kdwdv iggdvd` bku d|zcbkbpeik pi pld Mitvp qlu pld }pvehd

`dme}eik} ek pld}d mb}d} qitc iv mitc` èggdv gvio pld 21= mb}d} bkbcu~d`+ LPzz+ 210=/00+ B}

dwe dkmd` fu kipd} pbhdk fu Hbp~ `tveka b mikwdv}bpeik qepl b Mtofdvcbk` Mitkpu zvi}dmtpiv#

Hbp~ iveaekbccu mik}e`dvd` bkbcu~eka }iod ig pld mbzepbc zvimddèka} plbp qdvd kip ekmct`d` ek

pld O]T ]ptù8 ki }tml vd}tcp} qdvd zvd}dkpd` pi pld Mitvp+ @D60+

2=+ Pld Mitvp e} kip zdv}tb`d` fu Hbp~!} mvepeme}o ig pld }ptù `d}eak bk` gek`} plbp

,e% pld VNB ìd} kip vdrtevd bk bkbcu}e} ig pld cbvadv ziztcbpeik ig bcc mbzepbc pvebc} `tveka b

vdcdwbkp peod zdvei 8 bk` ,ee% plbp pld }dcdmpeik ig pld 21= mb}d} ìd} kip mik}peptpd bk ekwbce

}bozcd+

20+ Liqdwdv# b}}toeka bvatdkì plbp pld bzzvizvebpd }ptù ziztcbpeik tk`dv pld

VNB e} bcc mbzepbccu pved` mb}d} `tveka b vdcdwbkp peod zdvei # pld Mitvp pbhd} nt emebc kipemd ig pld

}dmpeik ig Pld Vdgdvdkmd Obktbc ik ]medkpegem Dwe dkmd dkpepcd`# Vdgdvdkmd Ate`d ik ]pbpe}pem}+

Pld Mitvp gek`}# fb}d` tzik ple} btplivepu plbp ep e} bzzvizvebpd pi adkdvbce~d bk` ekgdv }pbpe}pembc

gek eka} pi b cbvadv ziztcbpeik gvio `bpb gvio b }tf}dp ig pld ziztcbpeik eg pld }tf}dp e}

bkbciait} pi pld cbvadv ziztcbpeik+ Bmmiv eka pi pld Vdgdvdkmd Ate`d ik ]pbpe}pem}# pld rtd}peik

fdmiod}> &liq aii` e} pld bkbciau9& E`+ bp 602+

24+ Babek# b}}toeka bvatdkì plbp pld bzzvizvebpd }ptù ziztcbpeik tk dv pld VNB e}

bcc mbzepbccu pved` mb}d} `tveka b vdcdwbkp peod zdvei # pld Mitvp gek } plbp pld 21= mbzepbc

zvimddèka} d|boekd` fu I!Fvedk bk` Avi}}i bvd bkbciait} pi pld cbvadv ziztcbpeik ig bcc

mbzepbccu pved` mb}d} bk` pld }pbpe}pembc gek eka} gvio pld 21= zvimddèka} obu wbce cu bk`

bzzvizvebpdcu fd adkdvbce~d` bk` ekgdvvd` pi pld cbvadv ziztcbpeik ig bcc mbzepbccu pved` mb}d}

fdmbt}d>

0


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,b% Pldvd e} ki vdb}ik pi fdcedwd plbp ipldv mbzepbccu pved` mb}d} / qldpldv pld vd}tcp qb} b

cegd }dkpdkmd iv b `dbpl }dkpdkmd plbp lb} }ekmd fddk wbmbpd` iv bmmiozce}ld` / qitc`

uedc` bku èggdvdkp vd}tcp} gvio pld mtvvdkp `dbpl viq ekobpd} }ekmd pld oipewbpeik} ig pld

zvi}dmtpiv bvd pld }bod bp pld peod pld `dme}eik} bvd ob`d pi zdvdozpivecu mlbccdkad

wdkevd odofdv}+ LPz+1058

,f% Pld }dcdmpeik ig pld 21= mb}d} qb} kip b givo ig &mldvvu/zemheka& zvimddèka} plbp

qitc` fd oivd gbwivbfcd piqbv` ikd zbvpu+ LPz+ 1058

,m% Pld ]pbpd zvi`tmd` ki dwe dkmd gvio bku zvi}dmtpiv ek Kivpl Mbvicekb plbp }taad}pd`

pldev }pvehd `dme}eik} iv oipewbpeik} obu fd èggdvdkp ek mbzepbccu pved` mb}d} plbp depldv ,e%

mikmct`d` qepl }iod vd}tcp cd}} plbk b `dbpl wdv emp iv ,ee% qleml dk`d` ek b `dbpl wdv emp

ftp pld `dgdk`bkp e} ki cikadv ik `dbpl viq8

,`% Nilk Qubpp @emh}ik# qli zvi}dmtpd` Vifek}ik# pd}peged` bp pld ldbveka# plbp qldk ld

zvi}dmtpd` mbzepbc mb}d}# ekmct eka Vifek}ik!}# le} bzzvibml ek ntvu }dcdmpeik qb}

mik}e}pdkp vdabv cd}} ig pld itpmiod ig pld mb}d+ LPzz+ 2251/5


50/168

mlbccdkad `dme}eik} ig zvi}dmtpiv}+ LPzz+ 222/226+ Pld }dmik` }ptù zbvp qb} fb}d` tzik b

vbkìo }bozcd ig pld 1#062 wdkevd odofdv} ekmct`d` ek pld gev}p }ptù zbvp+ Pldvd qb} ki

pd}peoiku mveperteka ple} `d}eak# bk` pld Mitvp gek`} ple} `d}eak pi fd bk bzzvizvebpd ikd+

Pld O]T ]ptù Odpliìciau

21+ Giv Zbvp E ig pld O]T ]ptù# I!Fvedk bk` Avi}}i d|boekd` bcc wdkevd odofdv}

qli qdvd }tfndmpd` pi wiev èvd rtd}peikeka bk` kip d|mt}d` giv mbt}d fu pld pvebc mitvp#

ekmct eka bcpdvkbpd}# zvi`tmeka b `bpbfb}d ig1#062 wdkevd odofdv}+ @D7# z+ =+ Pld vd}dbvmldv}

qdvd odpemtcit} ek pldev `bpb miccdmpeik bk` mi eka zvimd}}d}# zvi`tmeka lealcu pvbk}zbvdkp bk`

vdcebfcd `bpb+

2


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zveobvu ìmtodkp} bk` pvbk}mvezp}+ Pld @Mc} bcciqd` giv pld }u}pdobpem mièka ig pld `bpb pi

bvpemtcbpd zvdme}dcu qlbp zedmd} ig ekgivobpeik pld vd}dbvmldv} qbkpd` pi miccdmp+ LPz+ 221+

62+ Giv dbml ig pld zvimddèka} ek pld }ptù# pld @Mc} miccdmpd` ekgivobpeik bfitp pld

zvimdd eka adkdvbccu# ekmct eka pld ktofdv ig zdvdozpivu mlbccdkad} t}d` fu dbml }e`d bk` pld

kbod ig pld ntàd bk` bppivkdu} ekwicwd` ek pld zvimdd eka+ @D7# z+ 0+

66+ Giv dbml ig pld wdkevd odofdv} ek pld }ptù# pld @Mc} miccdmpd`> fb}em

`doiavbzlem bk` zvimd`tvbc ekgivobpeik }zdmegem pi dbml wdkevd odofdv8 `dpdvoekbpeik ig }pvehd

dceaefecepu ig dbml wdkevd odofdv8 bk` vbmd ig pld wdkevd odofdv bk` pld }itvmd ig ekgivobpeik

giv pld `dpdvoekbpeik ig vbmd+ Ple} ekgivobpeik# eg vdcebfcd# e} }tggemedkp pi mik`tmp bk tkb`nt}pd`

}ptù ig pld zdvdozpivu mlbccdkad} fu zvi}dmtpiv} ek mbzepbc mb}d}+

6=+ Zbvp EE ig pld O]T ]ptù ekmct`d` mièka giv b` epeikbc `d}mvezpewd ekgivobpeik

plbp oealp fdbv ik pld `dme}eik ig b zvi}dmtpiv pi zdvdozpivecu mlbccdkad b wdkevd odofdv+ Bgpdv

mi eka giv pld fb}em `doiavbzlem ekgivobpeik# }pvehd `dme}eik# bk` vbmd ek Zbvp E ig pld }ptù# pld

}pbgg bppivkdu} mi`d` oivd `dpbecd` ekgivobpeik giv b vbkìo }bozcd ig wdkevd odofdv}

}pbpdqe`d+ @D7# z


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ziztcbpeik ig wdkevd odofdv} mikpbek }tf}pbkpebccu pld }bod `e}pveftpeik ig vbmd bk` adk`dv+

]zdmegembccu# pld }pbpdqe`d ziztcbpeik qb} 27+=$ fcbmh#


53/168

gvedk` iv gboecu odofdv# qldpldv pld wdkevd odofdv iv wdkevd odofdv!} mci}d gvedk`

ivgboecu odofdv qivhd` ek cbq dkgivmdodkp%8

,m% Bppept`d} bfitp zipdkpebccu vdcdwbkp obppdv} ,d+a+# bofewbcdkmd bfitp pld `dbpl zdkbcpu

iv }hdzpeme}o bfitp iv avdbpdv gbepl ek pld mvd efecepu ig zicemd iggemdv}%8

,`% Ipldv zipdkpebccu vdcdwbkp `d}mvezpewd mlbvbmpdve}pem} ,d+a+# qldpldv ntvu }dvwemd qitc`

mbt}d b }tf}pbkpebc lbv }lez# gboecebvepu qepl pld zbvped} iv mitk}dc ekwicwd`# qldpldv

pld wdkevd odofdv zi}}d}}d` zveiv ekgivobpeik bfitp pld mb}d iv lb` d|zdvpe}d ek b

gedc` vdcdwbkp pi pld mb}d%8 bk`

,d% Bku }pbpd` feb} iv `eggemtcpu ek gicciqeka bzzcembfcd cbq+ @D7# z+ 48 LPzz+ 26:/262+

6


54/168

=:+ I!Fvedk bk` Avi}}i piih ktodvit} odb}tvd} bk` zvdmbtpeik} pi dk}tvd pld

bmmtvbmu ig pld mièka ig pld e`dkpegembpeik ig pld vbmd ig dbml wdkevd odofdv ek pld }ptù fu

eozcdodkpeka b veaivit} zvipimic pi zvi`tmd `bpb ek b qbu plbp qb} fipl vdcebfcd bk` pvbk}zbvdkp+

@D7# z+ 7+ Bcc ig pld }pbgg bppivkdu} vdmdewd` b lbcg/`bu pvbekeka ik pld vbmd mièka zvipimic fu

I!Fvedk bk` Avi}}i# qleml pld Mitvp gek`} e} b`drtbpd bk` bzzvizvebpd+ @D7# z+ 1+

=2+ B wdkevd odofdv!} }dcg/vdzivp ig vbmd qb} `ddod` fu I!Fvedk bk` Avi}}i pi fd

lealcu vdcebfcd bk` giv 76+=$ ig pld wdkevd odofdv}# pld }ptù vdced` tzik pld wdkevd odofdv!}

}dcg/vdzivp+ Pld vbmd giv bk b`èpeikbc 7+5$ ig pld wdkevd odofdv} ek pld }ptù qb} d|zcemepcu

kipd` ek pld pvebc vdmiv` plvital wiev èvd ,ig pld 7+5$# 7+0$ qdvd e`dkpeged` plvital b mitvp

mcdvh!} mlbvp plbp lb` fddk iggemebccu ob`d b zbvp ig pld pvebc vdmiv # bk` :+4$ qdvd e`dkpeged`

plvital b }pbpdodkp fu bk bppivkdu ik pld vdmiv %+ @D7# z+ 7+ Pld Mitvp gek`} plbp ep e}

vdb}ikbfcd bk` bzzvizvebpd pi vdcu tzik pld}d }itvmd} ig ekgivobpeik giv pld `dpdvoekbpeik ig pld

vbmd ig wdkevd odofdv}+

=6+ Giv pld vdobek dv ig pld wdkevd odofdv} ,=:+7$%# I!Fvedk bk` Avi}}i t}d`

dcdmpvikem `bpbfb}d} ek mikntkmpeik qepl pld ntviv }tooik} ce}p} qepl b``vd}}d} pi gek` vbmd

ekgivobpeik# ekmct eka pld Kivpl Mbvicekb Fibv` ig Dcdmpeik} qdf}epd# Cd|e}Kd|e} &Cimbpd b

Zdv}ik ,Kbpeikqe`d% ]dbvml Kik/vdatcbpd`#& Cd|e}Kd|e} Bmmtvekp bk` pld Kivpl Mbvicekb

@dzbvpodkp ig Oipiv Wdlemcd} ikcekd `bpbfb}d+ @D7# z+ 7 Pld Mitvp gek`} plbp ep e} vdb}ikbfcd

bk` bzzvizvebpd pi vdcu tzik pld}d ztfcem vdmiv` }itvmd} giv pld `dpdvoekbpeik ig pld vbmd ig

wdkevd odofdv}+

==+ I!Fvedk bk` Avi}}i zvdzbvd` b }pvemp zvipimic giv t}d ig pld qdf}epd} giv vbmd

mi eka fu pld }pbgg bppivkdu}# qleml oekeoe~d` pld zi}}efecepu ig vd}dbvmldv feb}+ B` epeikbccu#

O]T dozciud` pld }bgdatbv` ig fcek` mi eka+ Tk`dv pld fcek` mi eka zvipimic# }pbgg bppivkdu}

40


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qli }dbvmld` giv wdkevd odofdv}! vbmd ekgivobpeik ik dcdmpvikem `bpbfb}d} qdvd fcek` pi pld

}pvehd `dme}eik qldkdwdv zi}}efcd+ Ple} }bgdatbv` gtvpldv oekeoe~d` bku zi}}efcd vd}dbvmldv

feb}+ @D7# z+ 1+ Pld Mitvp gek`} plbp pld}d zvipimic} bk` }bgdatbv`} dklbkmd pld ekpdavepu bk`

vdcebfecepu ig pld }ptù+

=0+ I!Fvedk bk` Avi}}i }bwd` bk dcdmpvikem mizu ig bcc ìmtodkp} t}d` pi obhd vbmd

`dpdvoekbpeik} bk` pld}d ìmtodkp} qdvd zviwe`d` pi pld ]pbpd+ @D7# z+ 18 LPz+ 221+

=4+ I!Fvedk bk` Avi}}i }dcg/pd}pd` pld vdcebfecepu ig pld dcdmpvikem `bpbfb}d zvipimic

giv vbmd mièka fu ek`dzdk`dkpcu vdmièka t}eka pld dcdmpvikem `bpbfb}d zvipimic# pld vbmd

ekgivobpeik giv 2#


56/168

dk}tvd bmmtvbmu bk` ekpdvmi`dv vdcebfecepu+ Pldk b }dkeiv }pbgg bppivkdu qepl d|pdk}ewd d|zdvedkmd

qivheka ik pld }ptù miozbvd` bk` vdwedqd` pldev mi`d} giv mik}e}pdkmu bk` depldv mivvdmpd`

dvviv}# iv# qldk kdmd}}bvu# mik}tcpd` qepl I!Fvedk+ @D7# z+ 5+ Bku è}mvdzbkmed} ek ntàodkp

qdvd vd}icwd` fu I!Fvedk iv Avi}}i+ LPz+ 2=2# 212+ Pld Mitvp gek`} plbp pld}d veae`

zvdmbtpeikbvu }bgdatbv`} dklbkmd pld vdcebfecepu bk` wbceèpu ig pld O]T ]ptù+

=5+ B mièka cia qb} obekpbekd` pi ìmtodkp mièka `dme}eik} qleml ekwicwd`

èggdvdkmd} ek ntàodkp+ Bcc ig pld }pbgg bppivkdu} lb` bmmd}} pi pld mi eka cia# qleml dklbkmd`

ekpdvmi`dv vdcebfecepu+ Pld mi eka cia e} dkpepcd` &Mièka Rtd}peik} bk` Bk}qdv#& bk` e} zbvp ig

pld O]T ]ptù+ @D7# z+ 2:+

0:+ Ek b`èpeik pi pld mi eka cia# I!Fvedk bk` Avi}}i obekpbekd` b ìmtodkp vdgdvvd`

pi b} b &mcdbkeka ìmtodkp+& Ple} ìmtodkp }dp} givpl dwdvu ek}pbkmd ek pld }ptù qldvd pldvd

qb} b è}mvdzbkmu fdpqddk pld pqi ek`dzdk`dkp }pbgg bppivkdu mi`dv}+ LPz+ 212+ Pld mièka

cia bk` mcdbkeka ìmtodkp qdvd fipl zviwe`d` pi pld ]pbpd+ LPz+ 212+

02+ Pld ìmtodkpbpeik fu pld vd}dbvmldv} bk` mi`dv} ek pld mi eka cia bk` mcdbkeka

ìmtodkp dklbkmd` pld O]T ]ptù!} mik}e}pdkmu# bmmtvbmu bk` pvbk}zbvdkmu+ Bku plev zbvpu

obu vdwedq pld mièka cia bk` mcdbkeka ìmtodkp pi d|boekd pld mi eka `dme}eik} ig pld }ptù+

LPz+ 216+ Pld Mitvp gek`} plbp pld plivitalkd}} ig pld ìmtodkpbpeik ig pld mièka `dme}eik}

bk` pvbk}zbvdkmu ig bcc mi eka `dme}eik} bvd }pvika ekèmbpiv} pi pld Mitvp ig pld O]T ]ptù!}

vdcebfecepu# wbce epu bk` mvd efecepu+

Dwe dkmd gvio pld bkbcu}e} ig tkb`nt}pd` vbmebc è}zbveped} ,Zbvp E%+

06+ Pld }pbpdqe`d `bpbfb}d ig pld O]T ]ptù ekmct`d` 1#062 wdkevd odofdv}+ Ig

pli}d# 1#0:: qdvd dceaefcd pi fd }pvtmh fu pld ]pbpd+ Pld }ptù ikcu bkbcu~d` pld }pvehd zbppdvk}

giv pld wdkevd odofdv} qli qdvd dceaefcd pi fd }pvtmh# bk` è kip ekmct`d wdkevd odofdv}

47


57/168

qldvd pld ]pbpd lb` bcvdbù d|lbt}pd` ep} zdvdozpivu mlbccdkad}+ Boika }pvehd dceaefcd wdkevd

odofdv}# 7#:=5 qdvd qlepd# 2#6:< qdvd fcbmh bk` 24= qdvd ig ipldv vbmd}+ @D7# z+ 22+ Pld

Mitvp gek`} plbp ep e} vdb}ikbfcd bk` bzzvizvebpd pi dozciu ple} odpliìciau+

0=+ Pld O]T ]ptù vdzivp} vbmebc è}zbveped} if}dvwd` ek zvi}dmtpivebc }pvehd

`dme}eik} b} qdcc b} b odb}tvd ig pld cehdcelii` plbp pld è}zbveped} qitc immtv b} b vd}tcp ig

mlbkmd+ Ple} odb}tvd# mbccd` b z/wbctd# vdgcdmp} pld zvifbfecepu ig if}dvweka b è}zbvepu ig b

aewdk obakept`d }eozcu fu pld ctmh ig pld `vbq+ Pld ciqdv pld z/wbctd# pld ciqdv pld mlbkmd

plbp bk if}dvwd` è}zbvepu qb} `td odvdcu pi mlbkmd+ @D7# z+ 22+ Pld adkdvbccu bmmdzpd`

plvd}lic` giv b gekèka plbp e} }pbpe}pembccu }eakegembkp e} bz/wbctd cd}} plbk :+:4+ LPz+ 200+

00+ Bkbcu}e} ig z/wbctd e} ikd odpli` ig d|zvd}}eka }pbpe}pembc }eakegembkmd# bcplital

pldvd bvd ipldv odpli`}+ Bkipldv odpli` ig d|zvd}}eka }pbpe}pembc }eakegembkmd e} pld pqi }eaob

vtcd# qleml odb}tvd} pld ktofdv ig }eaob} ,iv }pbk`bv `dwebpeik}% gvio pld ktcc luzipld}e} giv

b zbvpemtcbv gek eka+ Pld ktcc luzipld}e} ek b vbmd/kdtpvbc }u}pdo bk` giv ple} bkbcu}e} e} b

midggemedkp ig ~dvi bk` vdzvd}dkp} kdtpvbcepu+ ]pecc bkipldv odpli` ig d|zvd}}eka }pbpe}pembc

}eakegembkmd e} }zdmegueka pld cdwdc ig mikge`dkmd ek pld }pbpd` i``} vbpei plvital b mbcmtcbpd`

mikge`dkmd ekpdvwbc+ Giv d|bozcd# b 54$ mikge dkmd ekpdvwbc odbk} pldvd e} b 54$ zvifbfecepu ig

pld i``} vbpei gbcceka fdpqddk pld ciqdv mikge`dkmd ceoep bk` tzzdv mikge`dkmd ceoep+ Pld i``}

vbpei odb}tvd} pld eozbmp ig bk d|zcbkbpivu gbmpiv bk` e} pld boitkp fu qleml pld i``} ik pld

itpmiod bvd otcpezced` fu pld zvd}dkmd ig b zbvpemtcbv gbmpiv+ Pld z/wbctd# pqi }eaob vtcd bk`

mikge`dkmd ekpdvwbc bkbcu}d} bvd otptbccu mik}e}pdkp qepl dbml ipldv }tml plbp bcc plvdd pd}p} qecc

bavdd qepl dbml ipldv+ Adkdvbccu# b }pbpe}pembccu }eakegembkp gekèka qecc fd b z/wbctd cd}} plbk

:+:4 qleml e} oivd plbk pqi }eaob} ,iv }pbk`bv` `dwebpeik}% gvio pld ktcc luzipld}e} ig ~dvi bk`

qecc gbcc qeplek b 54$ mikge`dkmd ekpdvwbc+ B z/wbctd cd}} plbk :+:2 e} oivd plbk plvdd }eaob} ,iv

41


58/168

}pbk`bv` `dwebpeik}% gvio pld ktcc luzipld}e} ig ~dvi bk` qecc gbcc qeplek b 55$ mikge`dkmd

ekpdvwbc+ LPzz+ 4:7# 460# 46/

64+1$ ? 6+:4%+ @D=# z+ 66+

0


59/168

Ek pld 266 mb}d} }pbpdqe`d ek pld O]T ]ptù gvio 255: plvital 2555# pld Mitvp

05+ Pld Mitvp gek } plbp pld bwdvbad vbpd zdv mb}d bp qleml zvi}dmtpiv} ek Kivpl

Mbvicekb }pvtmh dceaefcd fcbmh wdkevd odofdv} e} }eakegembkpcu lealdv plbk pld vbpd bp qleml pldu

}pvtmh ipldv dceaefcd wdkevd odofdv}+ Ig pld 277 mb}d} }pbpdqe`d plbp ekmct`d` bp cdb}p ikd fcbmh

wdkevd odofdv# zvi}dmtpiv} }pvtmh bk bwdvbad ig 47+:$ ig dceaefcd fcbmh wdkevd odofdv}#

miozbvd` pi ikcu 60+ zvi}dmtpiv} }pvtmh bk bwdvbad ig 44+1$ ig dceaefcd fcbmh wdkevd odofdv}

miozbvd` pi ikcu 66+2$ ig bcc ipldv dceaefcd wdkevd odofdv}+ Ple} èggdvdkmd e} }pbpe}pembccu

}eakegembkp qepl b z/wbctd ig 3:+:: 2+ @D7# z+ 26+

42+ Pld }pbpdqe`d è}zbvepu ek }pvehd vbpd} lb} fddk mik}e}pdkp iwdv peod# qldpldv

wedqd` iwdv pld dkpevd }ptù zdvei # ek gitv gewd/udbv zdvei`}# iv pqi pdk/udbv zdvei`}+ LPzz+

205/24:+

46+

gek`} plbp zvi}dmtpiv} }pvtmh bk bwdvbad ig 44+7$ ig dceaefcd fcbmh wdkevd odofdv}# miozbvd` pi

ikcu 60+1$ ig bcc ipldv dceaefcd wdkevd odofdv}+ Pld }pvehd vbpd vbpei fb}d` tzik ple} è}zbvepu e}

6+64+ Ple} èggdvdkmd e} }pbpe}pembccu }eakegembkp qepl bz/wbctd ig 3:+::2+ Pld zvifbfecepu ig ple}

è}zbvepu immtvveka ek b vbmd/kdtpvbc ntvu }dcdmpeik zvimd}} e} cd}} plbk ikd ek

45


60/168

2#:::#:::#:::#:::#:::#:::#:::#:::+ @D=# z+ 67 Hbp~ mikmtvvd` plbp ple} è}zbvepu E]

}pbpe}pembccu }eakegembkp+ LPz+ 2504+

4=+ Ek pld 00 mb}d} }pbpdqe`d ek pld O]T ]ptù gvio 6::: plvital 6:2:# pld Mitvp


ikcu 64+2 $ ig bcc ipldv dceaefcd wdkevd odofdv}+ Pld }pvehd vbpd vbpei fb}d` tzik ple} è}zbvepu e}

6+61+ Ple} èggdvdkmd e} }pbpe}pembccu }eakegembkp qepl b z/wbctd ig 3:+::2+ Pld zvifbfecepu ig ple}

è}zbvepu immtvveka ek b vbmd/kdtpvbc ntvu }dcdmpeik zvimd}} e} cd}} plbk ikd ek pdk oecceik+ @D=#

z+ 61 Hbp~ mikmtvvd` plbp ple} è}zbvepu e} }pbpe}pembccu }eakegembkp+ LPz+ 2504+

40+ Ek pld 06 mb}d} }pbpdqe`d ek pld O]T ]ptù gvio 255: plvital 2550# pld Mitvp




è}zbvepu immtvveka ek b vbmd/kdtpvbc ntvu }dcdmpeik zvimd}} e} cd}} plbk ikd ek b oecceik+ @D=# z+

65+ Hbp~ mikmtvvd` plbp ple} è}zbvepu e} }pbpe}pembccu }eakegembkp+ LPz+ 2507+

44+ Ek pld


61/168

ikcu 64+:$ ig bcc ipldv dceaefcd wdkevd odofdv}+ Pld }pvehd vbpd vbpei fb}d` tzik ple} è}zbvepu e}


è}zbvepu immtvveka ek b vbmd/kdtpvbc ntvu }dcdmpeik zvimd}} e} cd}} plbk ikd ek 2::#:::+ @D=# z+

=2+ Hbp~ mikmtvvd` plbp ple} è}zbvepu e} }pbpe}pembccu }eakegembkp+ LPz+ 2501+

41+ Ek pld 24 mb}d} }pbpdqe`d ek pld O]T ]ptù gvio 6::4 plvital 6:2:# pld Mitvp



6+66+ Ple} èggdvdkmd e} }pbpe}pembccu }eakegembkp qepl b z/wbctd ig 3:+:2+ Pld zvifbfecepu ig ple}

è}zbvepu immtvveka ek b vbmd/kdtpvbc ntvu }dcdmpeik zvimd}} e} cd}} plbk ikd ek 2::+ @D=# z+ =6+

Hbp~ mikmtvvd` plbp ple} è}zbvepu e} }pbpe}pembccu }eakegembkp+ LPz+ 2501+

4


62/168

bkbcu}e} vdftppeka ple} peod }oiipleka bkbcu}e} plbp gitk` b }pbpe}pembccu }eakegembkp è}zbvepu bp

pld peod ig Vifek}ik!} pvebc+

45+ I!Fvedk bk` Avi}}i bc}i bkbcu~d` pld `bpb fu zvi}dmtpivebc è}pvemp}+ Pld Mitvp

gek`} plbp pld bwdvbad vbpd zdv mb}d bp qleml zvi}dmtpiv} ek Kivpl Mbvicekb }pvtmh dceaefcd wdkevd

odofdv} giv dbml zvi}dmtpivebc è}pvemp e} b} gicciq}>

Fcbmh Ipldv

Zvi}dmtpivebc Ktofdv Wdkevd Wdkevd ]pvehd Vbpd

@e}pvemp ig mb}d} Odofdv} Odofdv} Vbpei

E = 01+


63/168

6= 2 4:+:$ =2+0$ 2+7

64 2 64+:$ ==+5$ :+1

67 4 47+0$ 61+:$ 6+2

61B 1 =1+=$ =2+1$ 2+6

6< 5 47+5$ =:+1$ 2+5

65 4 06+:$ =2+7$ 2+=

7:+ Zvi}dmtpiv} }pvtmh fcbmh wdovd odofdv} bp b lealdv vbpd plbk ipldv wdovd

odofdv} ek bcc ftp plvdd zvi}dmtpivebc è}pvemp}> 25M# 25@# bk` 64+ Ek dbml ig pld}d plvdd !è}pvemp}

pldvd qb} ikcu ikd mb}d vdzvd}dkpd` ek pld O]T ]ptù+ LPzz+ 246/240+

72+ I!Fvedk bk` Avi}}i bc}i bkbcu~d` pld `bpb fu mitkped}+ Pld Mitvp gek`} >plbp pld

E

bwdvbad vbpd zdv mb}d bp qleml zvi}dmtpiv} ek Kivpl Mbvicekb }pvtmh dceaefcd wdkevd odofdv} givE

edbml mitkpu e} b} gicciq}> 2

E

Ipldv

Ktofdv ig Fcbmh Wdkevd Wdkevd ]pvehd Vbpd

Mitkpu mb}d} Odofdv} Odofdv} Vbpei

Bcbobkmd 2 71+71$ 64+12$ 6+7 +

Bk}ik 2 76+4:$ 2=+==$ 0+1

B}ld 2 4:+::$ =2+12$ 2+7

Fdbtgivp 2 76+4:$ 61+:=$ 6+=Fdvped 6 40+1=$ 20+21$ =+5

Fcb`dk 2 ==+==$ 67+=6$ 2+=

Fvtk}qemh 6 16+26$ 6=+60$ =+2

Ftkmiofd 5 47+


64/168

Atecgiv` 0 04+4


65/168

76+ Zvi}dmtpiv} }pvtmh fcbmh wdktd odofdv} bp b lealdv vbpd plbk ipldv wdovd

odofdv} ek bcc ftp gitv mitkped}> Mbpbqfb# Oiivd# Zich bk` ]pihd}+

7=+ Bp pld peod ig Vifek}ik!} pvebc# Mtofdvcbk` Mitkpu qb} ek pld ]dmik` Ntèmebc

@ewe}eik+ ]ekmd Nbktbvu 2# 6:::# Mtofdvcbk` Mitkpu lb} fddk bk` mtvvdkpcu e} ek pld Gitvpl

Ntèmebc @ewe}eik+

70+ Mtofdvcbk` Mitkpu bk` Zvi{dmtpivebc @e}pvemp 26 mik}peptpd pld }bod adiavbzlem

bvdb bk` ple} lb} fddk mik}pbkp `tveka pld dkpevd zdvei` d|boekd` fu pld O]T ]ptù+

74+ Ek pld dealp mb}d} ek pld O]T ]ptù gvio pld mtvvdkp Gitvpl Ntèmebc @ewe}eik b}

mik}peptpd` }ekmd Nbktbvu 2# 6:::# pld Mitvp gek`} plbp zvi}dmtpiv} }pvtmh bk bwdvbad ig 76+0$ ig

dceaefcd fcbmh wdkevd odofdv}# miozbvd` pi ikcu 62+5$ ig bcc ipldv dceaefcd wdkevd odofdv}+

Pld }pvehd vbpd vbpei fb}d` tzik ple} è}zbvepu e} 6+


66/168

bwdvbad ig 46+1$ ig dceaefcd fcbmh wdkevd odofdv}# miozbvd` pi ikcu 6:+4$ ig bcc ipldv dceaefcd

wdkevd odofdv}+ Pld }pvehd vbpd vbpei fb}d` tzik ple} è}zbvepu e} 6+41+ Ple} èggdvdkmd e}

}pbpe}pembccu }eakegembkp qepl b z/wbctd ig 3:+::2+ Pld zvifbfecepu ig ple} è}zbvepu immtvveka ek b

vbmd/kdtpvbc ntvu }dcdmpeik zvimd}} e} cd}} plbk ikd ek 2#:::+ @D=# z+ 07+ Hbp~ mikmtvvd` plbp ple}

è}zbvepu e} }pbpe}pembccu }eakegembkp+ LPz+ 2505+

7

@dgdk`bkp

Rtekpdc Btat}pekd

Vemlbv D+ Mbacd

Pecoik M+ Aiczlek

Nilk @+ OmKdec

Ndggvdu H+ Odudv

Ndggvdu H+ Odudv

Obvmt} Vifek}ik

Mlve}pekb ]+ Qbcpdv}

Zlecez D+ Qechek}ik

Dtadkd N+ Qeccebo}

Dtadkd N+ Qeccebo}

Fcbmh Wdkevd

Odofdv}

2::+:$

6


67/168

75+ Ek 2: ig pld 22 Mtofdvcbk` Mitkpu mb}d}# pld Mitvp gek`} plbp zvi}dmtpiv} }pvtmh

fcbmh ntviv} bp b }eakegembkpcu lealdv vbpd plbk ipldv dceaefcd wdkevd odofdv}# qepl ikcu ikd mb}d

,]pbpd w+ Vemlbv` D+ Mbacd% fdeka bcoi}p bk drtbc }pvehd vbpd+

1:+ Pld }pvehd vbpd vbpei bk` pld è}zbvepu vdzvd}dkpd` fu pld }pvehd vbpd vbpei ek dealp

ig pld 22 mb}d} e} lealdv plbk pld è}zbvepu }ddk ek pld }pbpdqe`d `bpb ig pld O]T ]ptù+ LPz+

245+

12+ Qii`qivpl gtvpldv bkbcu~d` pld `bpb gvio Mtofdvcbk` Mitkpu qepl pld }bod

peod }oiipleka bkbcu}e} plbp ld miozcdpd` ik pld tkb nt}pd` }pbpdqe`d `bpb+ Qii`qivpl

pd}peged` bk` pld Mitvp }i gek`} b} b gbmp plbp pld i``} vbpei bp pld peod ig Vifek}ik!} pvebc giv b

fcbmh wdkevd odofdv fdeka }pvtmh ek Mtofdvcbk` Mitkpu e} bfitp 6+4# qepl pld mikge`dkmd

ekpdvwbc} }liqeka plbp ple} gekèka e} }pbpe}pembccu }eakegembkp+ @DcI# z+ 58 LPzz+ 401/405+

16+ Nilk Qubpp @emh}ik zbvpemezbpd` ek pld ntvu }dcdmpeik ig plvdd mbzepbc mb}d} ek pld

O]T ]ptù gvio Mtofdvcbk` Mitkpu> Vifek}ik# Nilk OmKdecc bk` Ndggvdu Odudv+ Ek pld

OmKdecc mb}d# @emh}ik ikcu zbvpemezbpd` `tveka b zivpeik ig pld wiev èvd+ Ek dbml ig pld plvdd

mb}d}# pld Mitvp gek`} plbp fcbmh wdkevd odofdv} qdvd }pvtmh bp b }eakegembkpcu lealdv vbpd plbk

ipldv dceaefcd wdkevd odofdv}# b} ek embpd` fu pld fdciq }pvehd vbpd} plbp pld Mitvp gek`} bvd

bmmtvbpd>

Fcbmh Wdkevd Ipldv Wdkevd ]pvehd Vbpd

@dgdk`bkp Odofdv} Odofdv} Vbpei

Obvmt} Vifek}ik 4:+:$ 20+=$ =+4

Nilk OmKdecc 7:+:$ 2=+7$ 0+0

Ndggdvu Odudv 02+6$ 25+:$ 6+6

71


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1=+ Ek pld plvdd mb}d} ek pld O]T ]ptù zvi}dmtpd` fu @emh}ik# pld èggdvdkmd ek

}pvehd vbpd} e} }pbpe}pembccu }eakegembkp qepl b z/wbctd ig :+::260+ Pld zvifbfecepu ig ple} è}zbvepu

immtvveka ek b vbmd/kdtpvbc ntvu }dcdmpeik zvimd}} e} 2+60 ek 2#:::+ @D=# z+ 4:+

10+ Pld Mitvp gek } plbp ek Vifek}ik!} mb}d# pld zvi}dmtpiv t}d` kekd zdvdozpivu

mlbccdkad}+ Gitv mlbccdkad} qdvd t}d` pi d|mt}d qlepd wdkevd odofdv} bk` gewd mlbccdkad} qdvd

t}d` pi d|mt}d fcbmh wdkevd odofdv}+ Gegpu zdvmdkp ig pld fcbmh wdkevd odofdv} qdvd

zdvdozpivecu d|mt}d` fu pld zvi}dmtpiv ,gewd ig 2:% qlecd ikcu 20+=$ ig pld ipldv dceaefcd wdkevd

odofdv} qdvd zdvdozpivecu d|mt}d` fu pld zvi}dmtpiv ,gitv ig6


69/168

pld rtbceged` fcbmh wdkevd odofdv} gvio 67+=$ pi 21+6$ fu pld zvi}dmtpeik vdzvd}dkp} b

vd`tmpeik fu oivd plbk ikd fcbmh wdkevd odofdv mbt}eka bk eozbmp ik pld gekbc miozi}epeik ig

Vifek}ik!} ntvu fu vd`tmeka pld ktofdv ig fcbmh wdkevd odofdv} gvio plvdd pi pqi+ @D0/

Mtofdvcbk` @bpb+

11+ Qii`qivpl gtvpldv pd}peged`# bk` pld Mitvp }i gek`}# plbp pldvd e} b e}pekmpeik

fdpqddk bk i``} vbpei / iv è}zbvepu ek pld t}d ig zdvdozpivu }pvehd} fb}d` tzik vbmd / plbp e}

}pbpe}pembccu }eakegembkp bk` ikd plbp e} }tf}pbkpewdcu eozivpbkp+ Qii`qivpl pd}peged` plbp#

qldpldv bk i``} vbpei lb} zvbmpembc iv obpdvebc }eakegembkmd e} mikpd|p `dzdk`dkp+ Qii`qivpl

d|zcbekd` plbp# giv d|bozcd# ek pld ztfcem ldbcpl mikpd|p# b 2+= i``} vbpei / qleml e} b =:$

ekmvdb}d` ve}h plbp b zbvpemtcbv dkwevikodkpbc d|zi}tvd qecc ekmvdb}d pld vbpd ig b è}db}d /

mik}peptpd} b zvbmpembccu }eakegembkp i` } vbpei+ Bzzcueka ple} }pbk`bv # Qii`qivpl pd}peged` plbp

pld i``} vbpei ig vitalcu 6 gitk` fu pld O]T ]ptù e} &dkivoit}& qepl vd}zdmp pi zvbmpembc

}eakegembkmd+ LPzz+ 4=2/=6+ Qii`qivpl gtvpldv pd}peged` bk` pld Mitvp gek`} plbp# bzzcueka pld

}pbk`bv` ig zvbmpembc iv obpdvebc }eakegembkmd# pld O]T ]ptù!} tkb`nt}pd` `bpb bvd mik}e}pdkp

qepl bk ekgdvdkmd plbp vbmd qb} b }eakegembkp gbmpiv ek zvi}dmtpiv}! t}d ig zdvdozpivu }pvehd} ek

Kivpl Mbvicekb bp pld peod ig Vifek}ik!} pvebc# ek pld givodv ]dmik` Nt emebc @ewe}eik bp pld peod

ig Vifek}ik!} pvebc# ek Mtofdvcbk` Mitkpu bp pld peod ig Vifek}ik!} pvebc# bk` ek Vifek}ik!}

pvebc ep}dcg+ LPzz+ 442/46+

1


70/168

15+ Fb}d` }icdcu tzik pld tkb`nt}pd` bkbcu}e} ig pld `dme}eik} pi zdvdozpivecu

mlbccdkad fcbmh wdkevd odofdv}# pld Mitvp gek`} plbp vbmd qb} b obpdvebccu# zvbmpembccu bk`

}pbpe}pembccu }eakegembkp gbmpiv ek `dme}eik} pi d|dvme}d zdvdozpivu mlbccdkad} `tveka ntvu

}dcdmpeik fu zvi}dmtpiv} qldk }ddheka pi eozi}d `dbpl }dkpdkmd} ek mbzepbc mb}d}>

Ek Kivpl Mbvicekb fdpqddk Nbktbvu 2#255: bk` Ntcu 2#6:2:8

Ek Kivpl Mbvicekb fdpqddk Nbktbvu 2# 255: bk` @dmdofdv =2# 25558


Ek Kivpl Mbvicekb bp pld peod ig Vifek}ik!} pvebc ek 25508

Ek givodv ]dmik` Nt emebc @ewe}eik fdpqddk Nbktbvu 2# 255: bk` @dmdofdv =2# 25558

Ek givodv ]dmik` Nt emebc @ewe}eik bp pld peod ig Vifek}ik!} pvebc ek 25508

Ek Mtofdvcbk` Mitkpu fdpqddk 2550 bk` 6::18

Ek Mtofdvcbk` Mitkpu bp pld peod ig Vifek}ik!} pvebc ek 25508 bk`

Ek Vifek}ik!} pvebc+ LPzz+ 272/270

Ek Kivpl Mbvicekb fdpqddk Nbktbvu 2# 255: bk` Ntcu 2#6:2:8



Ek Kivpl Mbvicekb bp pld peod ig Vifek}ik!} pvebc ek 25508

1:


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Ek givodv ]dmik` Nt emebc @ewe}eik fdpqddk Nbktbvu 2# 255: bk` @dmdofdv =2# 25558

Ek givodv ]dmik` Nt emebc @ewe}eik bp pld peod ig Vifek}ik!} pvebc ek 25508

Ek Mtofdvcbk` Mitkpu fdpqddk 2550 bk` 6::18

Ek Mtofdvcbk` Mitkpu bp pld peod ig Vifek}ik!} pvebc ek 25508 bk`

Ek Vifek}ik!} pvebc+ LPz+ 270+

Pld Mikpviccd` Vdavd}}eik Bkbcu}d}+


72/168

vd}dvwbpeik} qitc` mbt}d pld vbmebc `e}zbveped} }ddk ek pld tkb`nt}pd` bkbcu}e} pi `e}bzzdbv giv pld

vdobekeka wdkevd odofdv}+ @D7# z+ 2=8 LPzz+ 211/1


73/168

bkbcu~eka bcc vdobekeka wdkevd odofdv} ek pld 64$ }bozcd qli qdvd kip bmmt}d` ig b mveod iv

qli qdvd kip mci}d pi bkipldv zdv}ik qli lb` fddk bmmt}d` ig b mveod# pld O]T ]ptù gitk`

plbp pld ]pbpd }pvtmh 4:+=$ ig bcc fcbmh wdkevd odofdv} bk` 6=+1$ ig bcc ipldv wdkevd odofdv}+

Pld }ptù plt} gitk` plbp# dwdk eg pld kik/vbmebc wbvebfcd ig fdeka bmmt}d` ig b mveod e} vdoiwd`

gvio mik}e`dvbpeik# zvi}dmtpiv} qdvd }pecc 6+2 peod} oivd cehdcu pi }pvehd rtbceged` fcbmh wdkevd

odofdv}+ Pld }ptù gitk` plbp pld zvifbfecepu ig if}dvweka b vbmebc è}zbvepu ig ple} obakept`d

ek b vbmd/kdtpvbc }dppeka e} cd}} plbk :+::2+ LPzz+ 211/


74/168

EE

bcc ig pld givdaieka kik/vbmebc mlbvbmpdve}pem} bvd vdoiwd` gvio mik}e dvbpeik# zvi}dmtpiv} qdvd

}pecc 6+2 peod} oivd cehdcu pi }pvehd rTbceged7 fcbmh wd!kevd odofdv}+ Pld }pt`u gitk` plbp pld

E !

zvifbfecepu ig if}dvweka b vbmebc `e}zbvepu ig ple} oba{ept`d ek b vbmd/kdtpvbc }dppeka e} cd}} plbk

:+::2+ LPzz+ 211/


75/168

vbmd pi dk}tvd plbp b gbmpiv e} kip `veweka pld }pvehd `dme}eik b} izzi}d` pi vbmd+ Pld ekpdvpqekd`

zipdkpebc gbmpiv} bvd vbmd bk` kik/vbmebc gbmpiv} plbp obu mivvdcbpd qepl vbmd# }tml b} `dbpl

zdkbcpu vd}dvwbpeik} iv tkdozciuodkp# bk` qleml obu d|zcbek qlu b zvi}dmtpiv d|dvme}d` b

zdvdozpivu mlbccdkad+ Pld vd}tcp ig b ciae}pem vdavd}}eik bkbcu}e} e} bk d}peobpd ig pld ekgctdkmd

ig dbml ig }dwdvbc d|zcbkbpivu gbmpiv} ik pld itpmiod# }pbpd` b} bk b`nt}pd` i``} vbpei+ LPzz+

2::8 4:7+

52+ B ciae}pem vdavd]]EIk bkbcu}e} b} izzi}d` pi b cekdbv vdavd}}eik bkbcu}e} e}

bzzvizvebpd qldk pld itpmiod ig ekpdvd}p e} fekbvu / bk depldv)iv mliemd / }tml b} b `dpdvoekbpeik

ig qldpldv pld wdkevd odofdv e} pi fd }pvtmh iv kip }pvtmh fu pld zvi}dmtpiv+ Ple} e} b qe`dcu

bmmdzpd` bk` bzzvizvebpd odpli` ig }pbpe}pembc bkbcu}e} giv pld e}}td fdgivd pld Mitvp+ LPzz+

=55/0:+

56+ I!Fvedk bk` Avi}}i# qepl pld t}d ig ]Z]] }pbpe}pembc }igpqbvd plbp e} bmmdzpd` b}

vdcebfcd fu }imebc }medkpe}p} bk` }pbpe}pemebk}# `dwdcizd` b gtccu/mikpviccd` ciae}pem vdavd}}eik

oi`dc fb}d` tzik mbvdgtccu bk` }medkpegembccu }dcdmpd` }pbpe}pembccu }eakegembkp bk` vdcdwbkp

zvdèmpiv wbvebfcd} plbp fivd ik pld itpmiod ig ekpdvd}p / pld }pvehd `dme}eik} fu pld zvi}dmtpiv}+

Itp ig bzzvi|eobpdcu 74 mbkè bpd wbvebfcd}# I!Fvedk bk` Avi}}i# t}eka pld ]Z]] }pbpe}pembc

}igpqbvd# e`dkpeged` 26 kik/vbmebc wbvebfcd} giv ekmct}eik ekpi pld gtccu mikpviccd` ciae}pem

vdavd}}eik oi`dc }liqk ik Pbfcd 26 ig pld O]T ]ptù+ Pld}d kik/vbmebc wbvebfcd} qdvd

}dcdmpd` fu pld ]Z]] }igpqbvd zviavbo fdmbt}d ig pldev ciq z/wbctd bk` zvdèmpewd wbctd+ Dbml

ig pld}d wbvebfcd} lb} b wdvu ciq z/wbctd# ekèmbpeka leal }pbpe}pembc }eakegembkmd+ Pld Mitvp

gek`} plbp dbml ig pld}d 26 wbvebfcd} e} b zipdkpebc bcpdvkbpewd d|zcbkbpeik giv bzzbvdkp vbmd/fb}d`

è}zbveped}+ Gtvpldv# pld}d gbmpiv} bvd+ lealcu vdzvd}dkpbpewd ig pld d|zcbkbpeik} aewdk fu

zvi}dmtpiv} b} gbmpiv} t}d` ek pldev d|dvme}d ig zdvdozpivu }pvehd} b} }liqk ek ]pbpd!} D|lefep =6+

14


76/168

e +LP 2


77/168

,g% Pld i``} ig b wdkevd odofdv qli qivhd` ek cbq dkgivmdodkp iv lb` b mci}d

gvedk` iv gboecu odofdv qli qivhd` ek cbq dkgivmdodkp26

fdeka }pvtmh fu

pld ]pbpd qdvd :+7= peod} avdbpdv plbk pld i``} ig b }eoecbvcu }eptbpd` wdkevd

odofdv qli lb` kip qivhd` ek cbq dkgivmdodkp bk` qli `e kip lbwd b

mci}d gvedk` iv gboecu odofdv qli qivhd` ek cbq dkgivmdodkp8

,a% Pld i``} ig b wdkevd odofdv qli hkdq pld `dgdk`bkp fdeka }pvtmh fu pld

]pbpd qdvd


78/168

,2% Pld i``} ig b wdkevd o`ofdv qli qb} 66 udbv} ig bad iv uitkadv fdeka

}pvtmh fu pld ]pbpd qdvN 6+42 peod} avdbpdv plbk pld i``} ig b }eoecbvcu

E}eptbpd` wdkevd odofdv qli qb} iwdv 66 udbv} ig bad+

LPzz+ 250/6::8 @D=# z+ 77+ E

E

50+ Qepl vd}zdmp pi pld givdaieka>i``} vbpei}# pld Mitvp kipd} plbp bk i``} vbpei ig ikd

vdzvd}dkp} bk dwdk mlbkmd ig fdeka }pvtmh+ E Eg pld i``} vbpei e} lealdv plbk ikd# pld mlbkmd} ig

fdeka }pvtmh fu pld ]pbpd bvd ekmvdb}d`+ Eg eld i``} vbpei e} cd}} plbk ikd# pld mlbkmd} ig fdeka

}pvtmh fu pld ]pbpd bvd `dmvdb}d`+ LPz+ 2 5 5 2e

54+ Bgpdv gtccu mikpvicceka giv pced 26 kik/vbmebc wbvebfcd} qleml pld Mitvp gek } bvd

lealcu zvd empewd giv zvi}dmtpivebc }pvehd E`dme}eik}# pld vbmd ig pld wdkevd odofdv e} }pecc

}pbpe}pembccu }eakegembkp qepl bz/wbctd ig 3I+"II2 bk` bk i``} vbpei ig 6+0


79/168

d|zcbkbpivu wbvebfcd} obpmld` zvdme}dcu qepl pld pqdcwd wbvebfcd} ek Pbfcd 26 qleml qdvd

ekepebccu e`dkpeged` fu O]T+ Qii`qivpl gitk` plbp }iod ig pld cd}} }eakegembkp wbvebfcd}

èggdvd` ek pld}d oi`dc}# ftp pld}d mlbkad} ob`d wevptbccu ki èggdvdkmd ek pld i``} vbpei giv

fcbmh wdkevd odofdv}+ LPzz+ 464/467+ Qii`qivpl pd}peged` bk` pld Mitvp }i gek`} plbp pld

bfecepu ig pld vbmebc è}zbvepu pi qepl}pbk` wbveit} zvizdvcu mik}pvtmpd` bcpdvkbpewd oi`dc}

}tzzivp}

North Carolina vs Marcus Robinson Order overturning his death penalty

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Transcript of North Carolina vs Marcus Robinson Order overturning his death penalty