North and South take North and South take Different PathsDifferent Paths

Chapter 11Chapter 11

The Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution

– There was a great change at this time called the Industrial Revolution

• There were new inventions which worked in factories that produced products more quickly

• Capitalists made money off of these factories

• Steam was used as power

The Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution• Women were used in

factories– The Lowell Girls

worked for Francis Cabot Lowell, they lived in boarding houses under strict supervision• After work they

attended lectures or went to the library

• They gained education that they would not have got working on a family farm

The Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution

• The most important inventions were mass production and interchangeable parts.

• Although life for the Lowell girls was good, this was not the general rule– As time went on, the

conditions got worse

The Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution

• Children worked to help feed their families– They worked in textile

mills; coal mines and steel factories as young as 7 years old. • They were not

educated

• Factory conditions were not good– Poor lighting– Little fresh air– Many workers were

injured

The North TransformedThe North Transformed

– Northern cities began to grow because of Urbanization

• Cities along the East coat became crowded because of immigrants arriving from Europe– These growing

cities had problems such as filthy streets, bad sewage systems and citywide fires

The North TransformedThe North Transformed

– Samuel F. B. Morse invented the telegraph, which would send electrical signals over a wire

• They used Morse code to send messages

– The mechanical reaper was created to cut stalks of wheat faster then a human

– Steamboats and railroads began to tie the country together because people could not transport themselves, raw materials, and manufactured goods to different places quickly

The North TransformedThe North Transformed– Immigrants entered the

United States during the 1840’s from Western Europe

• In Ireland, there was a famine, in which a million people starved to death, one million people moved to the United States

• Germans came because many had taken part of the revolutions, when the revolutions failed, they came to the US.

• Many Americans were worried about foreigners, they were called nativists

The North TransformedThe North Transformed– African Americans in

the north faced discrimination

• Although slavery had mostly ended in the North, they were not granted equal treatment– They could not work in

factories or skilled trades

– White newspaper showed African Americans as inferior

– Freedom’s Journal was published by John B. Russwurm, to explain independence

The Plantation SouthThe Plantation South

– In the south, slavery became very important because of all of the cotton that was being grown.

• The cotton gin increased the need of slaves

• The south as called the Cotton Kingdom

• People defended slavery – People from the south

said that slavery was more humane than factory workers

The Plantation SouthThe Plantation South

– Free African Americans had laws against them, they could not go to school, vote, serve on juries or testify in court

– Freedmen were often captured and sold into slavery

– The laws against the slaves were called slave codes

• Some slaves had skilled jobs, most did heavy farm labor– they were often whipped– Families were broken

apart because they were sold

The Plantation SouthThe Plantation South

– Although the import of slavery was illegal by 1808, slaves still kept African customs, music and dances

– Turner Revolt was led by Nat Turner and said that he had a vision to kill whites

• He and other killed about 60

The Challenges of Growth The Challenges of Growth

– Between 1792 and 1819, 8 states joined the Union

• Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Indiana, Mississippi, Illinois and Alabama

• Because travel was difficult, private companies began to build turnpikes.

• In wet areas, corduroy roads were built

The Challenges of Growth The Challenges of Growth

a. Canals were built to allow boats to reach more places

The Challenges of Growth The Challenges of Growth – In 1819, 11 states were

free states, 11 states were slave states

• Missouri wanted to join as a slave state

• The North opposed this because then votes in the Senate would not be even

• The Missouri Compromise allowed Missouri to join as a slave state if Main joined as a Free state

• This lead to future difficulties