North American Power Quality Interest Group...

Reliability and PQ Impacts of the Smart Grid

Bill Howe, PEProgram Manager, Power QualityEPRI (USA)

October 28, 2009

2009 North American Power Quality Interest Group Workshop

2 Copyright © 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. PQIG 2009

What is the “Smart Grid?”


EPRI’s R&D Supporting Industry’s Challenges & Expectations

• National Drivers & Motivation• Roadmap for Interoperability Standards• PHEV Integration• PV & Storage Integration• Energy Efficiency• Smart Distribution for Improved Volt/Var

Control• Bringing it Together through Industry

Wide Deployments

The fundamental expectation of the electric power industry, in this computer-controlled, internet connected age, is to meet growing demand;

cleanly, reliably and sustainably; at low cost.


EPRI is Testing Multiple Local Area Network Architectures for Demand Response

Gateways• Custom Box• Smart Circuit

Breaker Panel• PC/Router

Display Device• Feedback Effect

DR-Ready Appliances• Functional Specs• Communications

Advanced Meters• Energy Mgmt• Security


A Smart Grid can…

Enhance Energy Efficiency–Energy-Use Feedback–Continuous Commissioning–Precise Measurement & Verification–Distribution Efficiency

Make Demand Response more–Automated–Ubiquitous–Cost-effective

Reliable as a Resource


The Smart Meter as the Hub


PEV Standards Development

• PEV to Grid Communications– SAE J2293 / J2836: Communications

between the vehicle and grid.– Zigbee / Homeplug Alliance Smart

Energy 2.0: Common Messaging for PEV communication

• Charging Connector– SAE J1772: North America and Japan

charging connector due mid 2009

• Power Quality and Energy Efficiency– SAE J2894: New standard for on-

board chargers

• National Smart Grid Standards– National Institute of Standards and

Technology (NIST) is working on mainstreaming standards associated with Smart Grid Technology

EVSEEVSE

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PremiseHANPremise Meter

Sub Meter

Mainstream

Interim

MeterMeter

SubMeterSub

MeterSub

Meter

Transformer

MeterMeter

SubMeterSub

Meter

Two vehicles in same garage

8 Copyright © 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. PQIG 20092/5/2009 Workstream 3 Non-AMI Requirements

Kick Off8

*EMS = Energy Management System** A system upstream of the premise meter, e.g., Distribution Automation or other equivalent system

EVS EPL

C XFacility EMS*

Internet

GM OnStar Utility Load

Control System**

Utility Systems

Operations Center

Telemati cs Server

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System‐wideEnergy Management

Local Energy Management

AMI1

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Key is a Standard Languagethat operate with optional Bridge

Communication Transports

AMI Compatible

Smart Charging – Numerous Solutions


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EPRI PHEV Distribution System Impacts – Need for Modeling/Simulation

Regulator

900kvar

900kvar300kvar

900kvar

900kvar

900kvar

Capacitor

Substation

• Flexibility in Model Development

High-fidelity distribution feeder models

Spatial and temporal variation of circuit loads and PHEV Loads

Dynamic simulation of full electrical model serving PHEV loads through annual load cycle

Residential transformers are the first assets significantly impacted


Beyond End Use Efficiency and Distribution Losses Peak Demand Reduction & Customer Energy Efficiency

SectionalizersDistributed Regulators

Substation Regulators

Capacitor Banks

Communication Network

Advanced Distribution Optimization

RealtimeMetering



Capacitor Banks



RealtimeMetering

Progress Carolinas Distribution System Demand Response (DSDR) Program Filing

Reduce peak demand – 247MW

Program CostO&M: $30.6M Capital: $229.4M, 5 Years

Dominion Virginia Power Energy Conservation Plan Filing1.1 Million MWhr savings through AMI enabled voltage conservation for 80% of customers

$600M investment needed

Feeder Voltage Optimization Enables Peak Demand Reduction and Reducing Customer Losses

What are the impacts on End User sensitivity?


Issues We’ll Be Watching for ….

• Avoiding increased capacitor switching transients• Ensuring we don’t see increased harmonic resonance



Capacitor Banks



RealtimeMetering



Capacitor Banks



RealtimeMetering


Important Equipment Sensitivity Issues

• Ensure that voltage-level-sensitive equipment is not impacted


What is the “Smart Grid?”

• Short Term– Intelligent Meters– Increased implementation of known

methods– Data, data, data …

• Medium Term– Wide integration of new loads like

PHEV chargers– Wide integration of new energy

sources like residential PV• Long Term

– Actual changes to the grid, like intelligent transformers, solid-state power flow controls, etc.


Anticipated Short-Term Positive Impacts of the Smart Grid

• Improved Reliability through Advance Distribution Automation• Increased deployment of distributed generation and other

assets• Support for integrating residential PV• Support for PHEV• Increased monitoring and data resources


For More Information

• Bill Howe, PE

Program Manager, PQ Program (P1)Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)tel: 720-565-6888 (USA)email: [email protected]

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