Acid Rain Picture: wikipedia.org. What is acid rain? Rain with a pH less than 5.0 Epa.gov.
Normal Rain (pH 5.6)
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Transcript of Normal Rain (pH 5.6)
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Normal Rain (pH 5.6)
CO2 (g) + H2O (l) H2CO3 (aq)
carbonic acid(a weak acid)
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Acid Rain (pH < 5.6)
NO2 (g) + H2O (l) HNO3 (aq)
nitric acid(a strong acid)
Transportation60%
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2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g) 2 SO3 (g)
SO3 (g) + H2O (l) H2SO4 (aq) sulfuric acid(a strong acid)
Industrial Sources 68%
Electric Utilities27%
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Effects of Acid Rain
1. Damage to Structures Made of Limestone, CaCO3
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2. Damage to Plants
Acid rain damages the surfaces of leafs. Thisleaves the plant unableto make food & more susceptible to pests & diseases.
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Acid rain also causes leaching (removal) of minerals from the soil.
Aluminum can block the uptake of the fewremaining minerals inthe soil.
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Acid rain can killthe decomposersin soil.
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3. Damage to Fish Populations
Fish (especially their eggs &fry) are very sensitive to changesin pH. Acid rain can cause pH shock as the snow & ice melts in the spring.
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Acid rain can cause the aluminum in soil to enter ponds & lakes. Fish respond to the aluminum by producing excess mucous on the surface of their gills. The result is death by suffocation.
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4. Harm to Human Beings
We depend upon the forestry, fishing, & agricultural sectors not only for food, paper, & building materials, but also for jobs & recreation.
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Nitrogen & sulfur oxidescan react with the moisturein our lungs to produce acids.
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As a result of acid rain, toxic minerals (e.g.- Hg) can be leached out of soil and into our drinking water.
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Why Are Certain Areas More Sensitive to Acid Rain Than Others?
bedrock consists of granite,which is NOT a base
bedrock consists of a base - limestone or CaCO3
(i.e.- a vast inland sea was once located in this area)
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The Great Lakes Lakes in the Canadian Shield
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The prevailing winds carry acid rain emissions from their sources in southern Ontario & the American industrialheartland to these areas.
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How Can Acid Rain Be Prevented or Remedied?
Catalytic converters decompose nitrogen& sulfur oxides.
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Scrubbers
These devices spray a solution containing limestone powder into the smokestack. This causes the sulfur dioxide to become neutralized.
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“Soft” (Bituminous) Coal
This is coal that hasa low sulfur content.
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Liming
The process of adding a lime or calcium hydroxide (a base)to acidified lakes.
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Use Energy Sources that Don’t Produce Nitrogen or Sulfur Oxides
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Legislation
Canadian PM Brian Mulrooney & U.S. President George Bushsigned the Acid Rain Accord in 1991, committing both of theircountries to reduce acid rain emissions.
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Lifestyle Decisions
conserve electricity
drive less