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Non-Wood Forest Products

BENEFITS

Sustainability(renewable)

Community

based

Farm income

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FAO Definitions NWFP are products of biological origin other thanwood derived from forests, wooded lands and treesoutside forests.

Examples include products used as food and foodadditives (edible nuts, mushrooms, fruits, herbs,spices and condiments, aromatic plants, game),fibres (used in construction, furniture, clothing or

utensils), resins, gums, and plant and animalproducts used for medicinal, cosmetic or culturalpurposes.(http://www.fao.org/montes/fop/fopw/NWFP/nwfp-e.stm)

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Non-Wood Forest Products IN CANADA

Maple syrup

Christmas trees,wreaths

Balsam gum

Mushrooms

Ginseng

Twig Furniture

Mistletoe

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Non-Wood Forest Products

INTERNATIONAL

Mushrooms

Medicinal plants,herbs

Honey

Nuts/ berries

Bamboo

Rattan

Spices

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Maple syrupHistorically significant

Sap tapped from trees

Mainly from hard orsugar maple

Sap is 1-3 % sugar

Holes drilled, spiles

inserted and Sap is

collected in cans or by

pipeline

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Maple syrup collectionSap is concentrated

by boiling or RO +

boiling

When syrup is ready

(65 % sugar) based

on refractometer or

specific gravityContinued cooking

yields maple sugar

candy

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What is Maple Syrup? 98 % sucrose + other minor sugars

0.2 % organic acids (citric, malleic,fumaric, succinic, glycolic

0.6 % ash

GRADED as AA (very clear extralight - >75% light transmission), A,B, C, D (Dark - < 27% light

transmission

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Syrup ProductionCanada is the main producer, mainly in

Quebec

1998:Quebec - 18 million litres

Rest of Canada (Ont. and Maritimes)

- 2 million litres

In 1998 exports worth C$ 112 Million

USA - 4.5 million litres

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Canada Balsam Yellow oily resinous exudate from

balsam fir

A turpentine Used as an optical mounting resin in

microscopes etc. (RI + glass)

Used in paints, polishes, formerly inmedicines (cold)

Relatively small amounts produced

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Other essential oils Foliage may be steam distilled to

produce essential oils (e.g. cedar)

Yield about 1 % oils Used as perfume base, decongestant,

cough suppressant, miticide,

Contains thujone, camphor etc.

Other examples are eucalyptus oil,wintergreen, camphor, etc.

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Christmas trees, wreaths Trees may be harvested from forest orgrown specifically (pine, fir, spruce)

Wreaths made from tipping branchesfrom trees

Canada more than 4 million trees

($36M); Sweden 3 million, Austria134,000, Switzerland, 400,000

Wreaths a several $millions business in

New Brunswick, Canada

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Furs, pelts Historically important - beaver, mink,fox, wolf, otter, wolverine, weasel,

martin, bear, rabbit, muskrat, Seal, etc. USA: 5,800,000 pelts/a ($41 M)

Canada: 700,000 ($10 M)

Finland: 275,000 ($ 3.5 M) Switzerland: 30,000

Wild + farm raised

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Game Meat Deer, moose, caribou, elk, bear, rabbit,buffalo, boar, kangaroo, ostrich etc.

Sweden: US $ 100 million Austria: 28 million

Switzerland: 10 million

Canada/USA mainly for private use, notsale except farm raised

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Nuts

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BerriesSweden: US$ 22 million

Finland: $ 11 million

Czech Republic $20,000

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Fruits

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Coconut products

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MushroomsGrow wild or can be

cultivated (Oyster,

Shiitake, truffle, etc.)

Sweden: US $ 55 millionSwitzerland: 6 millionUSA: 41 million

Austria: 890,000Finland: 875,000Czech Republic: 25,000

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Shiitake mushroomGrow on logs and

branches (oak)

Can be grown on othermedia (hardwood)

Sterilize substrate then

inoculate with infected

grain

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Cultivated Oyster Mushrooms

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Bamboo

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Sympodial bamboo

Monopodial bamboo

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1. Bamboo culms:

Pulp and paper industry:

2.2 million ton ofbamboo are used in

India for this purpose.

Bamboo culms are widely used as araw

material for many applications:

Uses of bamboo:Uses of bamboo:

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Furniture:

an expandingbusiness. In thePhilippines, between1985-1994, exportsrose from $625,000 to

$1.2 million.

Flooring: bamboo flooringis as good as the flooring

made from hardwood interms of density,hardness, abrasion andcolor changes under UV-radiation.

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House: hundreds ofmillions of people

mainly the poor, livein houses made frombamboo.

Scaffolding: bambooscaffoldings are usedthroughout Asia.

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Plybamboo:

A substitute forplywood as aconstruction materialfor house

Charcoal:

barbeque

purifying water and air

adjusting moisturecontents

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Handicrafts:

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Household utensils:

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provide food formillions of peopleworldwide

are important exportproducts of some

producing countriesand regions, such asChina, Thailand andTaiwan.

2. Bamboo shoots

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Bamboo leaves

forage for pandaand livestock

extraction from

leaves, roots andculms can be usedto make medicine,beer, and vinegar.

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There are about 1,500 documented traditional uses:

over 20 differentmusical instruments bamboo skewer

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Medicinal Plants Tropical Forests a tremendous source India, South America, Africa, China

Finland: US $ 4 million Switzerland: $250,000

Canada/USA minor examples such as

Ginseng, Yew (Taxus)

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Herbal remedies/medicines

Echinacea

Garlic

St. Johns Wart

Finland: US $4 million

Switzerland: 250,000

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Cosmetics

Aloe vera

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Pyrethrum Used as insecticide

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Dyes

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Malaysia rubberindustry

Vast resources of

over maturerubberwood treespreviously burned

Research efforts

led to developmentof massiveindustry for solidwood (furniture)and composites

(MDF)

Example of changes:

Rubberwood to Oil Palm

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Latex

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Labour intensivecollection results

in conversion tooil palm

The industry is indanger of losing

the now valuableresource ofrubber wood

Malaysia:

Rubberwood to Oil Palm

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Oil Palm

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